packwise-skills 1.0.0

package/sub-skills/mobile/react-native.md

@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+# React Native Build Sub-Skill
+
+Build mobile apps using React Native with JavaScript or TypeScript.
+
+**Current version**: React Native 0.86.x / Expo SDK 56 (2025-2026)
+
+> ⚠️ **Critical breaking changes since RN 0.76**:
+> - **Legacy architecture fully removed (v0.84)**: Old bridge modules, `NativeModules` direct access, `requireNativeComponent` all fail. ALL native modules must have TurboModule spec files.
+> - **JSC engine removed (v0.81)**: Hermes is the sole JS engine. `hermesEnabled` property no longer meaningful.
+> - **iOS minimum deployment target**: 13.4 (v0.76) → **16.0** (v0.78+). Apps targeting older iOS will be rejected.
+> - **Deep imports removed (v0.82)**: `require('react-native/Libraries/...')` without `.default` breaks.
+> - **Node.js 22.11+ required (v0.84)**.
+> - **Expo SDK 56** required for RN 0.85/0.86 (was SDK 52 for RN 0.76).
+> - **Metro package exports** enabled by default (v0.79) — may break Firebase, AWS Amplify.
+> - **React 19**: `propTypes` removed, `ref` is regular prop, string refs removed.
+> - **Jest preset moved (v0.85)**: `preset: 'react-native'` → `preset: '@react-native/jest-preset'`.
+> - See [reactnative.dev/blog](https://reactnative.dev/blog) for version-specific guides.
+
+## When to Use
+
+- Team has React/JavaScript/TypeScript experience
+- Need cross-platform app (iOS + Android) with near-native performance
+- Want to leverage the React ecosystem and component model
+
+## Key Features
+
+- **Hermes engine** — default JS engine since RN 0.70, optimized for mobile (faster startup, lower memory)
+- **Fabric renderer** — new architecture with synchronous native calls
+- **TurboModules** — lazy-loaded native modules with type-safe JSI bindings
+- **Expo ecosystem** — managed workflow for rapid development without Xcode/Android Studio setup
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+```bash
+# React Native CLI (bare workflow)
+npm install -g react-native-cli
+
+# Android
+# Android Studio, JDK 17, Android SDK 34+
+
+# iOS (macOS only)
+# Xcode 15+, CocoaPods (sudo gem install cocoapods)
+```
+
+## Two Workflows: Expo vs Bare
+
+| Feature | Expo (Managed) | Bare Workflow |
+|---------|---------------|---------------|
+| Setup | `npx create-expo-app` | `npx react-native init` |
+| Native code | No direct access | Full control |
+| Build service | EAS Cloud Build | Local + CI |
+| OTA updates | Yes (EAS Update) | Manual |
+| Best for | New projects, rapid prototyping | Existing native modules, full control |
+
+## Expo Managed Workflow (Recommended for New Projects)
+
+```bash
+# Create project
+npx create-expo-app@latest MyApp --template blank-typescript
+cd MyApp
+
+# Local development
+npx expo start              # Start dev server
+npx expo start --ios        # Run on iOS simulator
+npx expo start --android    # Run on Android emulator
+
+# Export for production
+npx expo export --platform all
+```
+
+### EAS Build (Cloud Build Service)
+
+```bash
+# Install EAS CLI
+npm install -g eas-cli
+eas login
+
+# Configure build profiles
+# Creates eas.json with development/preview/production profiles
+eas build:configure
+
+# Build for Android (AAB for Play Store) — requires Node 22.11+ for RN 0.84+
+eas build --platform android --profile production
+
+# Build for iOS (IPA for App Store) — minimum iOS 16.0 for RN 0.78+
+eas build --platform ios --profile production
+
+# Build for both platforms simultaneously
+eas build --platform all --profile production
+
+# Local build (no cloud credits needed)
+eas build --platform android --profile production --local
+```
+
+```json
+// eas.json
+{
+  "cli": { "version": ">= 12.0.0" },
+  "build": {
+    "development": {
+      "developmentClient": true,
+      "distribution": "internal"
+    },
+    "preview": {
+      "distribution": "internal",
+      "android": { "buildType": "apk" }
+    },
+    "production": {
+      "android": {
+        "buildType": "app-bundle"
+      },
+      "ios": {
+        "autoIncrement": true
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "submit": {
+    "production": {
+      "ios": {
+        "appleId": "your-apple-id@example.com",
+        "ascAppId": "your-app-store-connect-app-id"
+      },
+      "android": {
+        "serviceAccountKeyPath": "./google-services.json",
+        "track": "production"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### EAS Update (OTA Updates)
+
+```bash
+# Push OTA update (no app store review needed)
+eas update --branch production --message "Fix login bug"
+
+# Rollback to previous version
+eas update --branch production --message "Rollback" --republish
+```
+
+## Bare Workflow (Full Native Control)
+
+```bash
+# Create project
+npx @react-native-community/cli init MyApp --version 0.76
+cd MyApp
+
+# Verify setup
+npx react-native doctor
+
+# Run
+npx react-native run-android
+npx react-native run-ios
+```
+
+### Hermes Engine (Default)
+
+Hermes is the default JS engine since RN 0.70. Verify it's enabled:
+
+```javascript
+// android/gradle.properties
+hermesEnabled=true  // should be true by default
+
+// ios/Podfile (auto-configured)
+:hermes_enabled => true
+```
+
+```bash
+# Verify Hermes is active at runtime
+console.log('Hermes:', global.HermesInternal != null); // should print true
+```
+
+### Android Release Build
+
+```bash
+# Generate signing keystore
+keytool -genkeypair -v -storetype PKCS12 \
+  -keystore android/app/my-release-key.keystore \
+  -alias my-key-alias -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000
+
+# Set signing config in android/app/build.gradle.kts
+# OR use environment variables (recommended for CI):
+export MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_FILE=my-release-key.keystore
+export MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS=my-key-alias
+export MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD=your-password
+export MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD=your-password
+
+# Build AAB (Play Store)
+cd android && ./gradlew bundleRelease
+# Output: android/app/build/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab
+
+# Build APK (direct distribution)
+cd android && ./gradlew assembleRelease
+# Output: android/app/build/outputs/apk/release/app-release.apk
+
+# Run release build on device
+npx react-native run-android --mode=release
+```
+
+### iOS Release Build
+
+```bash
+# Install pods
+cd ios && pod install && cd ..
+
+# Build via Xcode
+open ios/MyApp.xcworkspace
+# Product → Archive → Distribute App
+
+# Build via command line (requires fastlane)
+sudo gem install fastlane
+cd ios && fastlane release
+
+# TestFlight upload
+cd ios && fastlane beta
+```
+
+## React Native vs Flutter
+
+| Feature | React Native | Flutter |
+|---------|-------------|---------|
+| Language | JavaScript/TypeScript | Dart |
+| UI | Native components | Custom rendering (Skia/Impeller) |
+| Hot reload | Fast Refresh | Hot reload |
+| Performance | Near-native (Hermes + Fabric) | Near-native (AOT compilation) |
+| Ecosystem | Huge (npm) | Growing (pub.dev) |
+| Web support | Via react-native-web | First-class |
+| Learning curve | Low (if you know React) | Medium (Dart is less common) |
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+| Issue | Fix |
+|-------|-----|
+| Metro bundler cache issues | `npx react-native start --reset-cache` |
+| iOS build fails after pod install | `cd ios && pod deinstall && pod install`; check Ruby version (3.1+) |
+| Android SDK not found | Set `ANDROID_HOME` env variable; verify with `npx react-native doctor` |
+| Hermes not enabled | Check `hermesEnabled=true` in `android/gradle.properties`; run `pod install` |
+| Release build crashes but debug works | Check ProGuard rules; add keep rules for native modules |
+| App size too large | Enable Hermes; use ProGuard; split APKs by ABI |
+| Network request fails in release | iOS: add App Transport Security exception in Info.plist |
+| `react-native-reanimated` crash | Ensure Babel plugin is in `babel.config.js` |
+| EAS build timeout | Use `--local` flag for local builds; check build logs for specific errors |
+| New Architecture compatibility | Check library support at reactnative.directory; many libs still on old arch |
+| "Namespace not specified" error | AGP 8.x requires `namespace` in `android/app/build.gradle`; remove `package=` from AndroidManifest.xml |
+| Legacy arch modules crash (0.84+) | Old bridge modules fully removed; must use TurboModule spec files |
+| JSC not available (0.81+) | Hermes is sole engine; `hermesEnabled` toggle no longer meaningful |
+| iOS build rejected (0.78+) | Minimum iOS deployment target is now 16.0 (was 13.4) |
+| Deep import fails (0.82+) | `require('react-native/Libraries/...')` removed; use top-level exports |
+| Metro package exports break (0.79+) | Add `resolver.unstable_enablePackageExports: false` to metro.config.js to opt out |
+| Jest preset not found (0.85+) | Change `preset: 'react-native'` to `preset: '@react-native/jest-preset'` |
+| Firebase/Amplify build fails (0.79+) | Metro exports resolution enabled by default; see Metro config fix above |
+| App Store rejected: missing Privacy Manifest | Add `PrivacyInfo.xcprivacy` to iOS project (see below) |
+| `ClassNotFoundException` on release | Missing ProGuard rules — see ProGuard section below |
+
+## Critical: AGP 8.x Namespace Requirement
+
+AGP 8.0+ removed `package` attribute from `AndroidManifest.xml`. You MUST use `namespace` in `build.gradle`:
+
+```gradle
+// android/app/build.gradle
+android {
+    namespace "com.yourapp"  // REQUIRED in AGP 8.x
+    compileSdk 35
+    defaultConfig {
+        applicationId "com.yourapp"
+        minSdkVersion 24
+        targetSdkVersion 35
+    }
+}
+```
+
+```xml
+<!-- AndroidManifest.xml — REMOVE package attribute -->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <!-- no package="..." attribute -->
+</manifest>
+```
+
+## New Architecture (Mandatory since RN 0.84)
+
+Fabric renderer and TurboModules are **mandatory** since React Native 0.84. Legacy architecture code has been completely removed. There is no opt-out.
+
+```properties
+# android/gradle.properties (RN 0.84+)
+# newArchEnabled is no longer configurable — it's always on
+hermesEnabled=true  # Hermes is the sole engine (JSC removed in 0.81)
+```
+
+**What this means:**
+- ALL native modules must have TurboModule spec files
+- Libraries using old `UIManager` bridge calls will NOT work
+- `NativeModules` direct access deprecated — use TurboModule specs
+- `requireNativeComponent` replaced by Fabric component specs
+- Check library compatibility: [reactnative.directory](https://reactnative.directory)
+
+## ProGuard Rules (Required for Release Builds)
+
+> ⚠️ **R8 full mode is now default** for release builds (more aggressive shrinking). Without these rules, your release build WILL crash at runtime. Legacy architecture classes removed in RN 0.84+ may require updated rules.
+
+```proguard
+# android/app/proguard-rules.pro
+
+# React Native Core
+-keep class com.facebook.react.** { *; }
+-keep class com.facebook.hermes.** { *; }
+-keep class com.facebook.jni.** { *; }
+
+# Hermes
+-keep class com.facebook.hermes.unicode.** { *; }
+
+# Native Modules (CRITICAL — R8 strips these without keep rules)
+-keepnames class * extends com.facebook.react.bridge.NativeModule
+-keepnames class * extends com.facebook.react.TurboModule
+-keepclassmembers class * extends com.facebook.react.bridge.NativeModule {
+    @com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactMethod <methods>;
+}
+
+# Views
+-keep class com.facebook.react.views.** { *; }
+-keep class com.facebook.react.uimanager.** { *; }
+-keep class com.facebook.react.animated.** { *; }
+
+# Common third-party libraries
+-keep class com.swmansion.gesturehandler.** { *; }
+-keep class com.swmansion.reanimated.** { *; }
+-keep class com.swmansion.rnscreens.** { *; }
+-keep class com.reactnativecommunity.asyncstorage.** { *; }
+-keep class com.horcrux.svg.** { *; }
+
+# Expo modules (if using Expo)
+-keep class expo.modules.** { *; }
+
+# OkHttp
+-dontwarn okhttp3.**
+-keep class okhttp3.** { *; }
+```
+
+Enable in `android/app/build.gradle`:
+
+```gradle
+android {
+    buildTypes {
+        release {
+            minifyEnabled true
+            shrinkResources true
+            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## iOS Privacy Manifest (Required for App Store)
+
+Apple requires `PrivacyInfo.xcprivacy` since Spring 2024. Without it, your app will be rejected.
+
+```xml
+<!-- ios/YourApp/PrivacyInfo.xcprivacy -->
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
+  "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+    <key>NSPrivacyTracking</key>
+    <false/>
+    <key>NSPrivacyTrackingDomains</key>
+    <array/>
+    <key>NSPrivacyCollectedDataTypes</key>
+    <array/>
+    <key>NSPrivacyAccessedAPITypes</key>
+    <array>
+        <dict>
+            <key>NSPrivacyAccessedAPIType</key>
+            <string>NSPrivacyAccessedAPICategoryUserDefaults</string>
+            <key>NSPrivacyAccessedAPITypeReasons</key>
+            <array><string>CA92.1</string></array>
+        </dict>
+        <dict>
+            <key>NSPrivacyAccessedAPIType</key>
+            <string>NSPrivacyAccessedAPICategoryFileTimestamp</string>
+            <key>NSPrivacyAccessedAPITypeReasons</key>
+            <array><string>C617.1</string></array>
+        </dict>
+        <dict>
+            <key>NSPrivacyAccessedAPIType</key>
+            <string>NSPrivacyAccessedAPICategorySystemBootTime</string>
+            <key>NSPrivacyAccessedAPITypeReasons</key>
+            <array><string>35F9.1</string></array>
+        </dict>
+    </array>
+</dict>
+</plist>
+```
+
+Add to Xcode: Drag into app group → ensure "Copy Bundle Resources" includes it.
+
+## Secure Signing Configuration
+
+Never commit passwords to version control.
+
+```gradle
+// android/app/build.gradle — secure signing
+signingConfigs {
+    release {
+        storeFile file(MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_FILE ?: System.getenv("MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_FILE") ?: "release.keystore")
+        storePassword MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD ?: System.getenv("MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD")
+        keyAlias MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS ?: System.getenv("MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS")
+        keyPassword MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD ?: System.getenv("MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD")
+    }
+}
+```
+
+```yaml
+# GitHub Actions — decode keystore from secrets
+- name: Decode Keystore
+  run: echo "${{ secrets.RELEASE_KEYSTORE_BASE64 }}" | base64 --decode > android/app/release.keystore
+- name: Build Release
+  env:
+    MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_FILE: release.keystore
+    MYAPP_RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD }}
+    MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS: ${{ secrets.KEY_ALIAS }}
+    MYAPP_RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.KEY_PASSWORD }}
+  run: cd android && ./gradlew bundleRelease
+```
+
+## Metro Production Configuration
+
+```javascript
+// metro.config.js
+const { getDefaultConfig, mergeConfig } = require('@react-native/metro-config');
+
+const config = {
+  transformer: {
+    minifierConfig: {
+      compress: {
+        drop_console: true,  // Remove console.log in production
+      },
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+module.exports = mergeConfig(getDefaultConfig(__dirname), config);
+```

package/sub-skills/mobile/wearables.md

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# Wearable App Build Sub-Skill
+
+Build apps for smartwatches and wearable devices: Apple watchOS, Google Wear OS, Samsung Galaxy Watch, Xiaomi Band/Vela OS.
+
+**Current versions**: watchOS 11 / Xcode 16 / Wear OS 5 / Galaxy Watch (One UI Watch 6) (2025-2026)
+
+## When to Use
+
+- Health/fitness tracking apps
+- Companion apps for phone/desktop applications
+- Smartwatch face customization
+- Quick interaction widgets (notifications, payments, messaging)
+- Industrial wearables (factory, logistics, medical)
+
+---
+
+## Apple watchOS
+
+### When to Use
+
+- iPhone companion apps (WatchKit)
+- Standalone Apple Watch apps (watchOS 7+)
+- Health/fitness with HealthKit integration
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- macOS 14+ with Xcode 16 (free from App Store)
+- Apple Developer account ($99/year)
+- Apple Watch Series 4+ (for testing; Simulator available for basic testing)
+
+### Build & Package
+
+```bash
+# Create watchOS target in existing Xcode project
+# File → New → Target → watchOS → Watch App
+
+# Standalone watchOS app (no iPhone required):
+# In Watch App target → General → Deployment Info → check "Supports Running Without iPhone App to Companion App"
+
+# Build
+xcodebuild -scheme MyApp-Watch -configuration Release -sdk watchos -archivePath build/MyApp.xcarchive archive
+
+# Archive → Distribute → App Store Connect → Upload
+```
+
+### watchOS Architecture
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────────┐
+│   iPhone App        │ ←──→│   Watch App         │
+│   (iOS)             │     │   (watchOS)         │
+│                     │     │                     │
+│ - Full features     │ WCSession / WatchConnectivity
+│ - Heavy processing  │     │ - Quick interactions │
+│ - Data storage      │     │ - HealthKit         │
+└─────────────────────┘     │ - Complications     │
+                            │ - Watch faces       │
+                            └─────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Key Frameworks
+
+| Framework | Purpose |
+|-----------|---------|
+| SwiftUI | UI framework (required for new watchOS apps) |
+| HealthKit | Health data (heart rate, steps, workouts) |
+| WatchConnectivity | iPhone ↔ Watch communication |
+| ClockKit/WidgetKit | Complications and watch face widgets |
+| CoreML | On-device ML inference |
+| PassKit | Apple Pay on Watch |
+
+### Common Pitfalls
+
+| Issue | Fix |
+|-------|-----|
+| Watch app won't install | Check deployment target ≥ watchOS 7; verify provisioning profile |
+| HealthKit permission denied | Add `com.apple.developer.healthkit` entitlement; request permission at runtime |
+| Complication not updating | Implement `getTimelineEndDate` and `getCurrentTimelineEntry` in WidgetKit |
+| Communication fails | Check `WCSession.isSupported()` and `activationState == .activated` |
+| App crashes on background | watchOS aggressively suspends; use `WKApplication.shared().scheduleBackgroundRefresh` |
+
+---
+
+## Google Wear OS
+
+### When to Use
+
+- Android companion apps
+- Standalone Wear OS apps
+- Samsung Galaxy Watch (Wear OS 4+)
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- Android Studio with Wear OS SDK
+- JDK 17
+- Wear OS emulator or physical device
+
+### Build & Package
+
+```bash
+# Create Wear OS module in existing Android project
+# File → New → New Module → Wear OS → Wear OS App
+
+# Build
+cd wearos && ./gradlew assembleRelease
+# Output: build/outputs/apk/release/wearos-release.apk
+
+# For Play Store: Build App Bundle
+./gradlew bundleRelease
+# Output: build/outputs/bundle/release/wearos-release.aab
+```
+
+### Wear OS Architecture
+
+```kotlin
+// build.gradle.kts (Wear OS module)
+android {
+    defaultConfig {
+        minSdk = 30  // Wear OS 3+
+        targetSdk = 34
+    }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    // Wear Compose (UI)
+    implementation("androidx.wear.compose:compose-material:1.4.0")
+    implementation("androidx.wear.compose:compose-foundation:1.4.0")
+    // Tiles (persistent glanceable UI)
+    implementation("androidx.wear.tiles:tiles:1.4.0")
+    // Complications
+    implementation("androidx.wear.watchface:watchface-complications-rendering:1.2.1")
+    // Data sync with phone
+    implementation("com.google.android.gms:play-services-wearable:18.2.0")
+}
+```
+
+### Key Components
+
+| Component | Purpose |
+|-----------|---------|
+| Compose for Wear OS | UI toolkit (Material Design for round screens) |
+| Tiles | Persistent glanceable surfaces (like watch face complications) |
+| Watch Face API | Custom watch face development |
+| Data Layer API | Phone ↔ Watch data sync via Google Play Services |
+| Health Services | Heart rate, step counter, exercise tracking |
+| Ambient Mode | Low-power always-on display |
+
+### Common Pitfalls
+
+| Issue | Fix |
+|-------|-----|
+| App rejected by Play Store | Ensure `android:hardware.type.watch` in manifest |
+| Round screen layout issues | Use `Box` with `clipToCircle` modifier in Compose |
+| Data sync not working | Check Google Play Services version on both devices |
+| Battery drain | Use `AmbientMode` for always-on; minimize sensor polling |
+| No physical device | Use Wear OS emulator in Android Studio (API 30+) |
+
+---
+
+## Samsung Galaxy Watch (One UI Watch)
+
+### When to Use
+
+- Galaxy Watch-specific features (Samsung Health, Bixby)
+- Tizen legacy support (Watch 3 and earlier)
+- Wear OS 4+ development (Watch 4+)
+
+### Key Notes
+
+- **Watch 4+**: Uses Wear OS (standard Android development)
+- **Watch 3 and earlier**: Uses Tizen (Samsung's own OS)
+- Samsung Health SDK for deep health integration
+- Galaxy Watch Studio for watch face design (no code)
+
+### Build for Tizen (Legacy)
+
+```bash
+# Tizen Studio
+tizen build -t wearable -c llvm -C Debug
+tizen package -t wgt -s certificate-profile
+# Output: .wgt file for Samsung Galaxy Store
+```
+
+### Build for Wear OS (Watch 4+)
+
+Same as Wear OS section above. Distribute via Google Play Store or Samsung Galaxy Store.
+
+---
+
+## Xiaomi Wearables (Mi Band / Xiaomi Watch / Vela OS)
+
+### Key Notes
+
+- **Mi Band**: Runs proprietary RTOS, uses Xiaomi Wear app
+- **Xiaomi Watch**: Runs HyperOS (based on Android/Wear OS)
+- **Vela OS**: Xiaomi's RTOS for IoT/wearable, based on NuttX
+- **Development**: Limited SDK access; companion apps developed as Android/iOS apps
+- **Xiaomi IoT SDK**: For smart home device integration
+
+### Companion App Build
+
+```bash
+# Build as standard Android/iOS app
+# Use Xiaomi Health SDK for health data
+# Use Xiaomi IoT SDK for smart home control
+```
+
+---
+
+## Selection Guide
+
+| Target Device | Platform | Language | Distribution |
+|--------------|----------|----------|-------------|
+| Apple Watch | watchOS | Swift | App Store (iPhone companion or standalone) |
+| Galaxy Watch 4+ | Wear OS | Kotlin | Google Play / Samsung Galaxy Store |
+| Galaxy Watch 3- | Tizen | C# / web (Tizen .NET) | Samsung Galaxy Store |
+| Pixel Watch | Wear OS | Kotlin | Google Play |
+| Xiaomi Watch (HyperOS) | Android/Wear OS | Kotlin | GetApps / Google Play |
+| Mi Band | Proprietary | N/A (companion app only) | Companion app on Android/iOS |
+
+## Universal Wearable Packaging Checklist
+
+1. **Test on physical device** — emulators don't replicate sensor behavior, battery, or screen shape
+2. **Battery optimization** — minimize background processing; use ambient mode
+3. **Screen shape** — support both round and rectangular displays
+4. **Font size** — wearable screens are small; use dynamic type
+5. **Touch targets** — minimum 48dp for finger tap
+6. **Offline support** — watches frequently lose phone connection
+7. **Complications/Tiles** — implement for quick glance access
+8. **Accessibility** — VoiceOver (watchOS) / TalkBack (Wear OS)