oui-spec 0.5.0 → 0.6.0

package/README.md

@@ -53,17 +53,26 @@ flowchart TD
 Every action request carries a `requestId`, and the client answers it exactly
 once with an `OUIActionResult` (spec §7.3):
 
-| Event                | Direction        | Carries                                                                                              |
-| -------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `{ns}:dispatch`      | runtime → client | `OUIActionRequest` — `requestId`, `surfaceId`, `actionId`, `params`                                  |
-| `{ns}:action:result` | client → runtime | `OUIActionResult` — success or error, and the client's surfaces and observations once the UI settled |
-| `{ns}:observation`   | client → runtime | state updates as they happen                                                                         |
+| Event                | Direction        | Carries                                                                                                                                     |
+| -------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `{ns}:dispatch`      | runtime → client | `OUIActionRequest` — `requestId`, `surfaceId`, `actionId`, `params`                                                                         |
+| `{ns}:action:result` | client → runtime | `OUIActionResult` — success or error, the client's observations once the UI settled, its surfaces' hash, and its surfaces when they changed |
+| `{ns}:observation`   | client → runtime | state updates as they happen                                                                                                                |
 
 The result includes what the client can do **after** the action. An action can
 change that: navigating unmounts one page's surfaces and mounts another's. An
 agent that only knew the capability set from before the action would be acting
 on the page it just left.
 
+Surfaces are heavy (every action's schema), so a result repeats them only when
+the agent runtime does not hold them: the runtime sends the `surfacesHash` it
+holds as the request's `knownSurfaces`, and the result carries `surfaces` only
+when the client's hash differs. A result the receiver refuses (too large,
+invalid) is acknowledged as refused, and the client sends it again trimmed,
+with `delivery` saying what was left out and why: the agent always learns the
+action's outcome. A request is acknowledged on receipt when the sender asks,
+and a repeat of a request whose answer is on its way gets no second copy.
+
 An async action (`async: true`) is acknowledged at once with `interim: true`,
 and answered a second time, under the same `requestId`, when its polling
 finishes. Progress in between is published as observations.
@@ -164,8 +173,8 @@ function CounterPage() {
 }
 ```
 
-`runtime.snapshot()` returns `{ surfaces, observations }` for everything
-mounted. An agent runtime that keeps no registry of its own can take it with
+`runtime.snapshot()` returns `{ surfaces, observations, surfacesHash }` for
+everything mounted. An agent runtime that keeps no registry of its own can take it with
 each request (for example, with each chat turn); set `announce: false` and the
 runtime sends nothing but results over the socket.
 
@@ -247,7 +256,7 @@ sequenceDiagram
     WS->>Browser: oui:dispatch
     Note over Browser: Handler runs once (de-duplicated by requestId)
     Note over Browser: Waits until the UI settles
-    Browser->>WS: oui:action:result { requestId, success, data, surfaces, observations }
+    Browser->>WS: oui:action:result { requestId, success, data, observations, surfacesHash, surfaces if changed }
     WS->>Agent: result for requestId
 ```
 
@@ -726,6 +735,7 @@ They even share JSON Schema for parameter validation — a deliberate design cho
 - [x] `createOUI()` — gated instantiation; integration requirements enforced at compile time
 - [x] `createSurfaceRuntime()` — client-side record of mounted surfaces; every request answered with a result and the snapshot after it
 - [x] Approvals — `transaction` and destructive actions run only on a grant from the user's own confirmation, bound to the exact params (0.5.0)
+- [x] Results carry surfaces only when they changed (`knownSurfaces` / `surfacesHash`), and a refused result is sent again trimmed, saying why (0.6.0)
 - [ ] `oui-spec/devtools` — Surface inspector / debugger
 - [ ] `oui-spec/vue` — Vue bindings
 - [ ] `oui-spec/validator` — Runtime schema validation

package/dist/{chunk-XUX4XVP3.cjs → chunk-5UUJ3F7C.cjs}

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ function createWebSocketTransport(socket, config) {
     if (shouldBuffer) {
       while (buffer.length > 0) {
         const msg = buffer.shift();
-        socket.emit(msg.event, msg.data);
+        if (msg.ack) socket.emit(msg.event, msg.data, msg.ack);
+        else socket.emit(msg.event, msg.data);
       }
     }
     connectionHandlers.forEach((h) => h(true));
@@ -33,11 +34,12 @@ function createWebSocketTransport(socket, config) {
     connected = false;
     connectionHandlers.forEach((h) => h(false));
   });
-  function emit(event, data) {
+  function emit(event, data, ack) {
     if (connected) {
-      socket.emit(event, data);
+      if (ack) socket.emit(event, data, ack);
+      else socket.emit(event, data);
     } else if (shouldBuffer && buffer.length < maxBuffer) {
-      buffer.push({ event, data });
+      buffer.push({ event, data, ...ack ? { ack } : {} });
     }
   }
   return {
@@ -48,33 +50,50 @@ function createWebSocketTransport(socket, config) {
     onAction(handler) {
       return listen(
         `${ns}:dispatch`,
-        (data) => {
+        (data, ack) => {
+          const receipt = typeof ack === "function" ? (a) => ack(a) : void 0;
           if (!data || typeof data.requestId !== "string" || !data.requestId || typeof data.surfaceId !== "string" || typeof data.actionId !== "string") {
             console.warn(
               "[OUI] Dropped a dispatch without requestId/surfaceId/actionId",
               data
             );
+            receipt?.({
+              ok: false,
+              reason: "a request needs requestId, surfaceId and actionId"
+            });
             return;
           }
-          handler({
-            requestId: data.requestId,
-            surfaceId: data.surfaceId,
-            actionId: data.actionId,
-            params: data.params ?? {},
-            timestamp: data.timestamp ?? Date.now(),
-            ...isApproval(data.approval) ? {
-              approval: {
-                approvalId: data.approval.approvalId,
-                argsHash: data.approval.argsHash
-              }
-            } : {}
-          });
+          handler(
+            {
+              requestId: data.requestId,
+              surfaceId: data.surfaceId,
+              actionId: data.actionId,
+              params: data.params ?? {},
+              timestamp: data.timestamp ?? Date.now(),
+              ...isApproval(data.approval) ? {
+                approval: {
+                  approvalId: data.approval.approvalId,
+                  argsHash: data.approval.argsHash
+                }
+              } : {},
+              // The surfaces the agent runtime holds, so the answer need not repeat them (§7.3.4).
+              ...typeof data.knownSurfaces === "string" && data.knownSurfaces ? { knownSurfaces: data.knownSurfaces } : {}
+            },
+            receipt
+          );
         }
       );
     },
     // ─── Result ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
-    sendResult(result) {
-      emit(`${ns}:action:result`, result);
+    sendResult(result, onAcknowledged) {
+      emit(
+        `${ns}:action:result`,
+        result,
+        onAcknowledged ? (response) => {
+          const ack = acknowledgmentOf(response);
+          if (ack) onAcknowledged(ack);
+        } : void 0
+      );
     },
     onResult(handler) {
       return listen(
@@ -159,7 +178,15 @@ function isApproval(value) {
   const a = value;
   return !!a && typeof a.approvalId === "string" && !!a.approvalId && typeof a.argsHash === "string";
 }
+function acknowledgmentOf(response) {
+  const r = response;
+  if (!r || typeof r !== "object") return null;
+  if (r.ok === true) return { ok: true };
+  if (r.ok !== false) return null;
+  const why = typeof r.error === "string" ? r.error : typeof r.reason === "string" ? r.reason : "";
+  return { ok: false, reason: why || "refused" };
+}
 
 exports.createWebSocketTransport = createWebSocketTransport;
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-XUX4XVP3.cjs.map
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-XUX4XVP3.cjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-5UUJ3F7C.cjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-5UUJ3F7C.cjs.map

package/dist/chunk-5UUJ3F7C.cjs.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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type {\n  OUIAcknowledgment,\n  OUITransport,\n  OUITransportConfig,\n  OUIActionHandler,\n  OUIObservationHandler,\n  OUIResultHandler,\n} from \"./types.js\";\nimport type {\n  OUISurface,\n  OUIObservationUpdate,\n  OUIActionRequest,\n  OUIActionResult,\n  OUIActionApproval,\n} from \"../spec/index.js\";\n\n/**\n * WebSocket transport using Socket.IO.\n * Maps OUI protocol events to socket events with a configurable namespace prefix.\n *\n * Events:\n *   {ns}:dispatch            — action request   (runtime → client)\n *   {ns}:action:result       — action result    (client → runtime)\n *   {ns}:observation         — observation      (client → runtime)\n *   {ns}:surface:register    — registration     (client → runtime)\n *   {ns}:surface:deregister  — deregistration   (client → runtime)\n */\nexport function createWebSocketTransport(\n  socket: SocketLike,\n  config?: OUITransportConfig,\n): OUITransport {\n  const ns = config?.namespace ?? \"oui\";\n  const buffer: Array<{ event: string; data: unknown; ack?: Ack }> = [];\n  const maxBuffer = config?.maxBufferSize ?? 100;\n  const shouldBuffer = config?.bufferWhileDisconnected ?? true;\n\n  let connected = socket.connected ?? false;\n  const connectionHandlers: Array<(c: boolean) => void> = [];\n\n  // Every listener this transport attaches, so dispose() can remove exactly\n  // these and nothing the integrator attached to the same socket.\n  const attached: Array<{ event: string; handler: (...args: any[]) => void }> =\n    [];\n  function listen(\n    event: string,\n    handler: (...args: any[]) => void,\n  ): () => void {\n    socket.on(event, handler);\n    const entry = { event, handler };\n    attached.push(entry);\n    return () => {\n      socket.off(event, handler);\n      const i = attached.indexOf(entry);\n      if (i >= 0) attached.splice(i, 1);\n    };\n  }\n\n  listen(\"connect\", () => {\n    connected = true;\n    // Flush before announcing: anything queued while offline was sent earlier\n    // than whatever a connection handler is about to send.\n    if (shouldBuffer) {\n      while (buffer.length > 0) {\n        const msg = buffer.shift()!;\n        if (msg.ack) socket.emit(msg.event, msg.data, msg.ack);\n        else socket.emit(msg.event, msg.data);\n      }\n    }\n    connectionHandlers.forEach((h) => h(true));\n  });\n\n  listen(\"disconnect\", () => {\n    connected = false;\n    connectionHandlers.forEach((h) => h(false));\n  });\n\n  function emit(event: string, data: unknown, ack?: Ack) {\n    if (connected) {\n      if (ack) socket.emit(event, data, ack);\n      else socket.emit(event, data);\n    } else if (shouldBuffer && buffer.length < maxBuffer) {\n      buffer.push({ event, data, ...(ack ? { ack } : {}) });\n    }\n  }\n\n  return {\n    // ─── Dispatch ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n    dispatch(request: OUIActionRequest) {\n      emit(`${ns}:dispatch`, request);\n    },\n\n    onAction(handler: OUIActionHandler) {\n      return listen(\n        `${ns}:dispatch`,\n        (data: Partial<OUIActionRequest> | undefined, ack?: unknown) => {\n          // The sender's receipt, when it asked for one (§7.3.7).\n          const receipt =\n            typeof ack === \"function\"\n              ? (a: OUIAcknowledgment) => (ack as (r: unknown) => void)(a)\n              : undefined;\n          // A request without a requestId cannot be answered, and answering is\n          // the contract. Refuse it loudly rather than run an action whose\n          // result has nowhere to go.\n          if (\n            !data ||\n            typeof data.requestId !== \"string\" ||\n            !data.requestId ||\n            typeof data.surfaceId !== \"string\" ||\n            typeof data.actionId !== \"string\"\n          ) {\n            console.warn(\n              \"[OUI] Dropped a dispatch without requestId/surfaceId/actionId\",\n              data,\n            );\n            receipt?.({\n              ok: false,\n              reason: \"a request needs requestId, surfaceId and actionId\",\n            });\n            return;\n          }\n          handler(\n            {\n              requestId: data.requestId,\n              surfaceId: data.surfaceId,\n              actionId: data.actionId,\n              params: data.params ?? {},\n              timestamp: data.timestamp ?? Date.now(),\n              ...(isApproval(data.approval)\n                ? {\n                    approval: {\n                      approvalId: data.approval.approvalId,\n                      argsHash: data.approval.argsHash,\n                    },\n                  }\n                : {}),\n              // The surfaces the agent runtime holds, so the answer need not repeat them (§7.3.4).\n              ...(typeof data.knownSurfaces === \"string\" && data.knownSurfaces\n                ? { knownSurfaces: data.knownSurfaces }\n                : {}),\n            },\n            receipt,\n          );\n        },\n      );\n    },\n\n    // ─── Result ─────────────────────────────────────────────────\n    sendResult(\n      result: OUIActionResult,\n      onAcknowledged?: (ack: OUIAcknowledgment) => void,\n    ) {\n      // Acknowledged, so a refusal is heard rather than silent (§7.3.6).\n      emit(\n        `${ns}:action:result`,\n        result,\n        onAcknowledged\n          ? (response: unknown) => {\n              const ack = acknowledgmentOf(response);\n              if (ack) onAcknowledged(ack);\n            }\n          : undefined,\n      );\n    },\n\n    onResult(handler: OUIResultHandler) {\n      return listen(`${ns}:action:result`, (data: OUIActionResult) =>\n        handler(data),\n      );\n    },\n\n    // ─── Observation Channel ────────────────────────────────────\n    pushObservation(update: OUIObservationUpdate) {\n      emit(`${ns}:observation`, update);\n    },\n\n    onObservation(handler: OUIObservationHandler) {\n      return listen(`${ns}:observation`, (data: OUIObservationUpdate) =>\n        handler(data),\n      );\n    },\n\n    // ─── Surface Lifecycle ──────────────────────────────────────\n    registerSurface(surface: OUISurface) {\n      emit(`${ns}:surface:register`, { surface, timestamp: Date.now() });\n    },\n\n    deregisterSurface(surfaceId: string) {\n      emit(`${ns}:surface:deregister`, { surfaceId, timestamp: Date.now() });\n    },\n\n    onSurfaceRegister(handler: (surface: OUISurface) => void) {\n      return listen(`${ns}:surface:register`, (data: { surface: OUISurface }) =>\n        handler(data.surface),\n      );\n    },\n\n    onSurfaceDeregister(handler: (surfaceId: string) => void) {\n      return listen(`${ns}:surface:deregister`, (data: { surfaceId: string }) =>\n        handler(data.surfaceId),\n      );\n    },\n\n    // ─── Connection ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n    get connected() {\n      return connected;\n    },\n\n    async connect() {\n      if (connected) return;\n      return new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {\n        const timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n          reject(\n            new Error(\n              `OUI transport connect timeout (${config?.connectTimeoutMs ?? 10000}ms)`,\n            ),\n          );\n        }, config?.connectTimeoutMs ?? 10000);\n\n        socket.once(\"connect\", () => {\n          clearTimeout(timeout);\n          resolve();\n        });\n\n        if (typeof socket.connect === \"function\") {\n          socket.connect();\n        }\n      });\n    },\n\n    disconnect() {\n      if (typeof socket.disconnect === \"function\") {\n        socket.disconnect();\n      }\n    },\n\n    onConnectionChange(handler: (c: boolean) => void) {\n      connectionHandlers.push(handler);\n      return () => {\n        const idx = connectionHandlers.indexOf(handler);\n        if (idx >= 0) connectionHandlers.splice(idx, 1);\n      };\n    },\n\n    dispose() {\n      for (const { event, handler } of attached.splice(0)) {\n        socket.off(event, handler);\n      }\n      connectionHandlers.length = 0;\n      buffer.length = 0;\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Minimal socket interface — compatible with Socket.IO client or server socket.\n * Only the methods OUI actually uses.\n */\nexport interface SocketLike {\n  readonly connected?: boolean;\n  /** An optional last argument is the receiver's acknowledgment callback, as Socket.IO takes it. */\n  emit(event: string, ...args: any[]): void;\n  on(event: string, handler: (...args: any[]) => void): void;\n  off(event: string, handler: (...args: any[]) => void): void;\n  once(event: string, handler: (...args: any[]) => void): void;\n  connect?(): void;\n  disconnect?(): void;\n}\n\n/** An approval as the wire carries it; anything else is dropped, so the runtime treats the request as unapproved. */\nfunction isApproval(value: unknown): value is OUIActionApproval {\n  const a = value as Partial<OUIActionApproval> | null | undefined;\n  return (\n    !!a &&\n    typeof a.approvalId === \"string\" &&\n    !!a.approvalId &&\n    typeof a.argsHash === \"string\"\n  );\n}\n\n/** The receiver's acknowledgment callback. */\ntype Ack = (response: unknown) => void;\n\n/**\n * A receiver's acknowledgment: `{ ok: true }`, or `{ ok: false, error }` /\n * `{ ok: false, reason }` as a refusal; null for anything else.\n */\nfunction acknowledgmentOf(response: unknown): OUIAcknowledgment | null {\n  const r = response as\n    { ok?: unknown; error?: unknown; reason?: unknown } | null | undefined;\n  if (!r || typeof r !== \"object\") return null;\n  if (r.ok === true) return { ok: true };\n  if (r.ok !== false) return null;\n  const why =\n    typeof r.error === \"string\"\n      ? r.error\n      : typeof r.reason === \"string\"\n        ? r.reason\n        : \"\";\n  return { ok: false, reason: why || \"refused\" };\n}\n"]}

package/dist/{chunk-27CBVTA4.cjs → chunk-AFNWLRKV.cjs}

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 
-var chunk2AISUNMW_cjs = require('./chunk-2AISUNMW.cjs');
-var chunkXUX4XVP3_cjs = require('./chunk-XUX4XVP3.cjs');
+var chunkLDECTDPU_cjs = require('./chunk-LDECTDPU.cjs');
+var chunk5UUJ3F7C_cjs = require('./chunk-5UUJ3F7C.cjs');
 
 // src/core/brand.ts
 function brand(value) {
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ function createOUI(config) {
     seen.add(surface.id);
   }
   const transport = brand(
-    chunkXUX4XVP3_cjs.createWebSocketTransport(socket, transportConfig)
+    chunk5UUJ3F7C_cjs.createWebSocketTransport(socket, transportConfig)
   );
   const byId = new Map(surfaces.map((s) => [s.id, s]));
   return {
@@ -158,12 +158,14 @@ function createOUI(config) {
 var DEFAULT_QUIET_MS = 250;
 var DEFAULT_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 5e3;
 var DEFAULT_DEDUPE_WINDOW = 500;
+var DEFAULT_REANSWER_AFTER_MS = 8e3;
 var SETTLE_TICK_MS = 50;
 function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
   const announce = options.announce ?? true;
   const quietMs = options.settle?.quietMs ?? DEFAULT_QUIET_MS;
   const settleTimeoutMs = options.settle?.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS;
   const dedupeWindow = options.dedupeWindow ?? DEFAULT_DEDUPE_WINDOW;
+  const reanswerAfterMs = options.reanswerAfterMs ?? DEFAULT_REANSWER_AFTER_MS;
   let nextKey = 1;
   const entries = [];
   const observations = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -188,6 +190,8 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
   function acknowledged(requestId) {
     return ackFor(requestId).promise;
   }
+  const delivery = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const answeredHash = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
   let lastChangeAt = Date.now();
   const grants = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
   async function approvalRefusal(request) {
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
       return "it needs the user's approval, and the request carries none";
     let hash;
     try {
-      hash = await chunk2AISUNMW_cjs.argsHash(request.params ?? {});
+      hash = await chunkLDECTDPU_cjs.argsHash(request.params ?? {});
     } catch (err) {
       return `its params cannot be checked against an approval: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`;
     }
@@ -301,17 +305,20 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
     const finish = async (success, data, error) => {
       await acknowledged(requestId);
       const snap = snapshot();
-      transport?.sendResult({
+      const known = answeredHash.get(requestId);
+      answer({
         requestId,
         success,
         ...data !== void 0 ? { data: toJsonSafe(data) } : {},
         ...error ? { error } : {},
         interim: false,
         timestamp: Date.now(),
-        surfaces: snap.surfaces,
-        observations: snap.observations
+        ...snap.surfacesHash !== known ? { surfaces: snap.surfaces } : {},
+        observations: snap.observations,
+        surfacesHash: snap.surfacesHash
       });
       acks.delete(requestId);
+      answeredHash.delete(requestId);
     };
     const observationId = `${surfaceId}:${actionId}:status`;
     const pollerKey = `${surfaceId}\0${actionId}`;
@@ -443,7 +450,7 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
       const declared = entry.surface.actions.find(
         (a) => a.id === request.actionId
       );
-      const refusal = declared && chunk2AISUNMW_cjs.requiresApproval(declared.effect, declared.confirm) ? await approvalRefusal(request) : null;
+      const refusal = declared && chunkLDECTDPU_cjs.requiresApproval(declared.effect, declared.confirm) ? await approvalRefusal(request) : null;
       result = refusal ? {
         success: false,
         error: {
@@ -473,6 +480,7 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
     }
     const settled = await waitUntilSettled(startedAt);
     const snap = snapshot();
+    if (interim) answeredHash.set(request.requestId, snap.surfacesHash);
     return {
       requestId: request.requestId,
       success: result.success,
@@ -481,11 +489,39 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
       ...interim ? { interim: true } : {},
       durationMs: Date.now() - startedAt,
       timestamp: Date.now(),
-      surfaces: snap.surfaces,
+      // Only what the agent runtime does not already hold (§7.3.4).
+      ...snap.surfacesHash !== request.knownSurfaces ? { surfaces: snap.surfaces } : {},
       observations: snap.observations,
+      surfacesHash: snap.surfacesHash,
       settled
     };
   }
+  function answer(result, onReceived) {
+    const steps = [
+      ["surfaces", "observations"],
+      ["surfaces", "observations", "data"]
+    ];
+    const send = (frame, step) => {
+      transport?.sendResult(frame, (ack) => {
+        if (ack.ok) {
+          onReceived?.();
+          return;
+        }
+        const omitted = steps[step];
+        if (!omitted) {
+          console.warn(
+            `[OUI] The answer to ${result.requestId} was refused even trimmed: ${ack.reason}`
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+        console.warn(
+          `[OUI] The answer to ${result.requestId} was refused (${ack.reason}); sending it without ${omitted.join(", ")}`
+        );
+        send(trimmed(result, ack.reason, omitted), step + 1);
+      });
+    };
+    send(result, 0);
+  }
   function execute(request) {
     const seen = results.get(request.requestId);
     if (seen) return seen;
@@ -494,6 +530,7 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
     while (results.size > dedupeWindow) {
       const oldest = results.keys().next().value;
       results.delete(oldest);
+      delivery.delete(oldest);
     }
     return pending;
   }
@@ -506,7 +543,11 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
       if (values && values.size > 0)
         obs[e.surface.id] = Object.fromEntries(values);
     }
-    return { surfaces, observations: obs };
+    return {
+      surfaces,
+      observations: obs,
+      surfacesHash: chunkLDECTDPU_cjs.surfacesHash(surfaces)
+    };
   }
   function attach(next) {
     if (next === socket) return;
@@ -516,21 +557,36 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
     transport = null;
     socket = next;
     if (!next) return;
-    const t = chunkXUX4XVP3_cjs.createWebSocketTransport(next, options.transport);
+    const t = chunk5UUJ3F7C_cjs.createWebSocketTransport(next, options.transport);
     transport = t;
     detachTransport.push(
-      t.onAction((request) => {
+      t.onAction((request, receipt) => {
         if (options.accept && !options.accept(request)) {
           console.warn(
             `[OUI] Refused a request the client does not accept: ${request.surfaceId}.${request.actionId} (${request.requestId})`
           );
+          receipt?.({
+            ok: false,
+            reason: "this client does not accept requests now"
+          });
           return;
         }
+        receipt?.({ ok: true });
+        const id = request.requestId;
+        const prior = delivery.get(id);
+        if (prior && prior.state !== "sent") return;
+        if (prior && Date.now() - prior.at < reanswerAfterMs) return;
+        if (!prior) delivery.set(id, { state: "running", at: Date.now() });
         void execute(request).then((result) => {
-          transport?.sendResult(result);
-          const ack = ackFor(request.requestId);
+          if (results.has(id))
+            delivery.set(id, { state: "sent", at: Date.now() });
+          answer(result, () => {
+            if (results.has(id))
+              delivery.set(id, { state: "received", at: Date.now() });
+          });
+          const ack = ackFor(id);
           ack.resolve();
-          if (!result.interim) acks.delete(request.requestId);
+          if (!result.interim) acks.delete(id);
         });
       })
     );
@@ -594,7 +650,7 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
       };
     },
     grantApproval(grant) {
-      if (!grant || typeof grant.approvalId !== "string" || !grant.approvalId || typeof grant.argsHash !== "string" || !chunk2AISUNMW_cjs.ARGS_HASH_PATTERN.test(grant.argsHash) || !Number.isFinite(grant.expiresAt)) {
+      if (!grant || typeof grant.approvalId !== "string" || !grant.approvalId || typeof grant.argsHash !== "string" || !chunkLDECTDPU_cjs.ARGS_HASH_PATTERN.test(grant.argsHash) || !Number.isFinite(grant.expiresAt)) {
         throw new Error(
           "[OUI] grantApproval needs an approvalId, an args hash and an expiry"
         );
@@ -620,10 +676,18 @@ function createSurfaceRuntime(options = {}) {
       holds.clear();
       listeners.clear();
       acks.clear();
+      answeredHash.clear();
+      delivery.clear();
       grants.clear();
     }
   };
 }
+function trimmed(result, reason, omitted) {
+  const out = { ...result };
+  for (const field of omitted) delete out[field];
+  out.delivery = { trimmed: true, reason, omitted: [...omitted] };
+  return out;
+}
 function sleep(ms) {
   return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
 }
@@ -639,5 +703,5 @@ function toJsonSafe(value) {
 exports.createOUI = createOUI;
 exports.createSurfaceRuntime = createSurfaceRuntime;
 exports.defineSurface = defineSurface;
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-27CBVTA4.cjs.map
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-27CBVTA4.cjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-AFNWLRKV.cjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-AFNWLRKV.cjs.map

package/dist/chunk-AFNWLRKV.cjs.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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This is the single source of truth —\n * no separate YAML, no separate listener, no drift possible.\n */\nexport interface ActionDefinition<TContext = unknown> {\n  id: string;\n  description: string;\n  /** Its name as a person reads it, for a confirmation the user approves. */\n  title?: string;\n  /** What using it does; a `transaction` runs only on the user's approval of the exact request. */\n  effect?: OUIEffectKind;\n  input: JSONSchema;\n  output?: JSONSchema;\n  /** Destructive: it runs only on the user's approval of the exact request, unless it only reads. */\n  confirm?: boolean;\n  async?: boolean;\n\n  /**\n   * Polling/subscription config for async actions.\n   * After the handler returns, the OUI runtime starts polling or subscribing\n   * and pushes observation updates until the operation completes.\n   * Extends the spec's OUIActionPolling with an optional resolve handler.\n   */\n  polling?: ActionPollingConfig<TContext>;\n\n  usage?: string;\n  preconditions?: string;\n  estimatedDuration?: string;\n  tags?: string[];\n\n  /**\n   * The handler that executes when the agent invokes this action.\n   * Receives typed params and a context object (app-specific state/utilities).\n   * Returns a result that the agent sees as the tool output.\n   */\n  handler: (\n    params: Record<string, unknown>,\n    context: TContext,\n  ) => Promise<ActionHandlerResult>;\n}\n\nexport interface ActionHandlerResult {\n  success: boolean;\n  data?: unknown;\n  error?: { code: string; message: string; details?: unknown };\n  /** For async actions: metadata passed to the polling resolver */\n  dispatchMeta?: Record<string, unknown>;\n}\n\nexport interface ObservationDefinition {\n  id: string;\n  description: string;\n  schema: JSONSchema;\n  /** Function that returns the current observation value */\n  getValue?: () => unknown;\n}\n\n/**\n * Define an OUI surface — the single entry point for integrating\n * an application feature with the OUI protocol.\n *\n * This function validates the definition and returns a typed surface\n * object that can be registered with an agent runtime or transport layer.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const mySurface = defineSurface({\n *   id: 'my-feature',\n *   name: 'My Feature',\n *   description: 'Does something cool',\n *   actions: [\n *     {\n *       id: 'do_thing',\n *       description: 'Does the thing',\n *       input: { type: 'object', properties: { name: { type: 'string' } }, required: ['name'] },\n *       handler: async (params) => {\n *         const result = await doTheThing(params.name);\n *         return { success: true, data: result };\n *       },\n *     },\n *   ],\n * });\n * ```\n */\nexport function defineSurface<\n  TContext = unknown,\n  const TId extends string = string,\n>(\n  definition: SurfaceDefinition<TContext> & { id: TId },\n): DefinedSurface<TContext> & { id: TId } {\n  // Validate: no duplicate action IDs\n  const actionIds = new Set<string>();\n  for (const action of definition.actions) {\n    if (actionIds.has(action.id)) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `[OUI] Duplicate action ID \"${action.id}\" in surface \"${definition.id}\"`,\n      );\n    }\n    actionIds.add(action.id);\n  }\n\n  // Validate: no duplicate observation IDs\n  if (definition.observations) {\n    const obsIds = new Set<string>();\n    for (const obs of definition.observations) {\n      if (obsIds.has(obs.id)) {\n        throw new Error(\n          `[OUI] Duplicate observation ID \"${obs.id}\" in surface \"${definition.id}\"`,\n        );\n      }\n      obsIds.add(obs.id);\n    }\n  }\n\n  return brand<\"surface\", unknown>({\n    ...definition,\n\n    /** Extract the manifest (schema only, no handlers) for transmission to the agent runtime */\n    toManifest(): OUISurface {\n      return {\n        id: definition.id,\n        name: definition.name,\n        description: definition.description,\n        version: definition.version,\n        activation: definition.activation,\n        actions: definition.actions.map(actionToManifest),\n        observations: definition.observations?.map(obsToManifest),\n        metadata: definition.metadata,\n      };\n    },\n\n    /** Execute an action by ID with the given params and context */\n    async executeAction(\n      actionId: string,\n      params: Record<string, unknown>,\n      context: TContext,\n    ): Promise<ActionHandlerResult> {\n      const action = definition.actions.find((a) => a.id === actionId);\n      if (!action) {\n        return {\n          success: false,\n          error: {\n            code: \"ACTION_NOT_FOUND\",\n            message: `Action \"${actionId}\" not found on surface \"${definition.id}\"`,\n          },\n        };\n      }\n      try {\n        return await action.handler(params, context);\n      } catch (err) {\n        return {\n          success: false,\n          error: {\n            code: \"ACTION_EXECUTION_ERROR\",\n            message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),\n          },\n        };\n      }\n    },\n\n    /** Get all action IDs */\n    getActionIds(): string[] {\n      return definition.actions.map((a) => a.id);\n    },\n\n    /** Get the polling config for an action (if async) */\n    getPollingConfig(actionId: string): OUIActionPolling | undefined {\n      const action = definition.actions.find((a) => a.id === actionId);\n      return action?.polling;\n    },\n  }) as DefinedSurface<TContext> & { id: TId };\n}\n\n/** A fully defined surface with both manifest extraction and execution capabilities */\n/**\n * Branded so it can only come from `defineSurface`.\n *\n * Without the brand a plain object literal satisfies this interface\n * structurally, which is how an integrator can assemble a surface that never\n * ran defineSurface's duplicate-id checks and never produced a real manifest.\n */\nexport interface DefinedSurface<TContext = unknown>\n  extends SurfaceDefinition<TContext>, OUIBranded<\"surface\"> {\n  toManifest(): OUISurface;\n  executeAction(\n    actionId: string,\n    params: Record<string, unknown>,\n    context: TContext,\n  ): Promise<ActionHandlerResult>;\n  getActionIds(): string[];\n  /** Get the polling config for an action (if async) */\n  getPollingConfig(actionId: string): OUIActionPolling | undefined;\n}\n\n// ─── Internal helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nfunction actionToManifest<T>(action: ActionDefinition<T>): OUIAction {\n  return {\n    id: action.id,\n    description: action.description,\n    ...(action.title !== undefined ? { title: action.title } : {}),\n    ...(action.effect !== undefined ? { effect: action.effect } : {}),\n    input: action.input,\n    output: action.output,\n    confirm: action.confirm,\n    async: action.async,\n    polling: action.polling,\n    usage: action.usage,\n    preconditions: action.preconditions,\n    estimatedDuration: action.estimatedDuration,\n    tags: action.tags,\n  };\n}\n\nfunction obsToManifest(obs: ObservationDefinition): OUIObservation {\n  return {\n    id: obs.id,\n    description: obs.description,\n    schema: obs.schema,\n  };\n}\n","/**\n * createOUI — a fixed set of surfaces announced over one socket.\n *\n * For a client whose surfaces come and go (a React app, where a page's\n * surfaces mount with the page), use `createSurfaceRuntime` instead: it keeps\n * the client's own record of what is mounted and answers every request.\n *\n * WHY THIS EXISTS\n *\n * OUI shipped a correct protocol and a correct transport, and its first\n * integrator used neither. studio-ui imported only the `SocketLike` TYPE from\n * oui-spec and rebuilt the wire by hand: a literal map of protocol types to\n * socket names, `oui:` hardcoded so the configurable namespace was unreachable,\n * payload interfaces re-declared on the server, and an `action:result` channel\n * mapped but never sent — duplicating the observation channel that already\n * carries results.\n *\n * Nothing was wrong with the spec. Nothing enforced it. Structural typing meant\n * every hand-rolled piece type-checked, and both ends agreed only by the\n * coincidence of matching string literals. Rename one and the other keeps\n * compiling and silently stops receiving.\n *\n * So the requirements are gated here:\n *\n *   OUI owns the wire. The integrator provides a socket; it cannot provide a\n *   transport, because `OUITransport` values are branded and only this module\n *   brands them.\n *\n *   OUI owns the result path. Every dispatch carries a requestId and is\n *   answered on OUI's result channel. An integrator cannot add a parallel\n *   channel because it cannot construct a transport to add one to.\n *\n *   The integrator owns content. Surfaces, action schemas, observation schemas\n *   and handlers all arrive through `defineSurface`, whose output is branded —\n *   so a plain object shaped like a surface will not compile.\n *\n *   Violations fail at compile time with a message naming the offending id.\n */\nimport type { OUITransport, OUITransportConfig } from \"../transport/types.js\";\nimport type { SocketLike } from \"../transport/websocket.js\";\nimport { createWebSocketTransport } from \"../transport/websocket.js\";\nimport type { DefinedSurface } from \"./define-surface.js\";\nimport { brand, type OUIBranded } from \"./brand.js\";\nimport type { OUIConfigError, ValidateSurfaceIds } from \"./validate.js\";\nimport type { OUISurface } from \"../spec/index.js\";\n\n/** A transport OUI constructed. Integrators cannot produce one. */\nexport type OwnedTransport = OUITransport & OUIBranded<\"transport\">;\n\n/** Surface ids as literal types, for the duplicate check. */\ntype SurfaceIds<T extends readonly DefinedSurface<never>[]> = {\n  [K in keyof T]: T[K][\"id\"];\n};\n\nexport interface OUIConfig<TSurfaces extends readonly DefinedSurface<never>[]> {\n  /**\n   * The socket OUI will speak over. The integrator owns the connection —\n   * auth, reconnection, lifecycle — and OUI owns what travels on it.\n   */\n  socket: SocketLike;\n\n  /**\n   * Surfaces produced by `defineSurface`. A plain object with the same shape\n   * will not compile: DefinedSurface is branded.\n   */\n  surfaces: TSurfaces;\n\n  /**\n   * Wire configuration. `namespace` defaults to 'oui' and is the supported way\n   * to change the event prefix — hardcoding it at the call site is what made\n   * this option unreachable in the first integration.\n   */\n  transport?: Omit<OUITransportConfig, \"namespace\"> & { namespace?: string };\n}\n\n/** A live OUI instance. */\nexport interface OUIInstance {\n  /** The transport OUI owns. Exposed for wiring, not for reimplementation. */\n  readonly transport: OwnedTransport;\n\n  /** Manifests for every registered surface, as the agent sees them. */\n  readonly manifests: readonly OUISurface[];\n\n  /** Register every surface and connect. */\n  start(): Promise<void>;\n\n  /**\n   * Deregister every surface and detach OUI from the socket. The socket stays\n   * connected: the integrator owns it, and other code may share it.\n   */\n  stop(): void;\n\n  /** Look up a registered surface by id. */\n  getSurface(id: string): DefinedSurface<never> | undefined;\n}\n\n/**\n * Instantiate OUI.\n *\n * `const` on the type parameter captures surface ids as literal types, which is\n * what allows duplicate detection to name the offending id rather than failing\n * with an unassignable-to-never error.\n */\nexport function createOUI<\n  const TSurfaces extends readonly DefinedSurface<never>[],\n>(\n  config: OUIConfig<TSurfaces> & ValidateSurfaceIds<SurfaceIds<TSurfaces>>,\n): OUIInstance {\n  const {\n    socket,\n    surfaces,\n    transport: transportConfig,\n  } = config as OUIConfig<TSurfaces>;\n\n  // Defensive, not decorative: the compile-time checks only bind when a caller\n  // passes literals. A surface list assembled at runtime, or JS with no types\n  // at all, reaches here unchecked.\n  if (!socket) {\n    throw new Error(\n      \"[OUI] createOUI requires a socket. OUI owns the wire; the integrator owns the connection.\",\n    );\n  }\n  if (!Array.isArray(surfaces) || surfaces.length === 0) {\n    throw new Error(\"[OUI] createOUI requires at least one surface.\");\n  }\n\n  const seen = new Set<string>();\n  for (const surface of surfaces) {\n    if (seen.has(surface.id)) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `[OUI] Duplicate surface id \"${surface.id}\". Registration is keyed by id, so the second would replace the first.`,\n      );\n    }\n    seen.add(surface.id);\n  }\n\n  const transport = brand<\"transport\", OUITransport>(\n    createWebSocketTransport(socket, transportConfig),\n  );\n\n  const byId = new Map(surfaces.map((s) => [s.id, s] as const));\n\n  return {\n    transport,\n    manifests: surfaces.map((s) => s.toManifest()),\n\n    async start() {\n      await transport.connect();\n      for (const surface of surfaces) {\n        transport.registerSurface(surface.toManifest());\n      }\n    },\n\n    stop() {\n      for (const surface of surfaces) {\n        transport.deregisterSurface(surface.id);\n      }\n      transport.dispose();\n    },\n\n    getSurface(id) {\n      return byId.get(id);\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n/** Re-exported so integrators can name the error type in tests. */\nexport type { OUIConfigError };\n","/**\n * The client-side surface runtime.\n *\n * Holds the surfaces a client has mounted, answers every action request with a\n * result, and produces the snapshot an agent runtime works from.\n *\n * WHY THIS EXISTS\n *\n * The first integration kept no client-side record of what was mounted. Each\n * surface hook registered itself with a server-side registry and listened for\n * dispatches on its own. Three things followed:\n *\n * - The registry was the only record of what the client could do, and it lost\n *   entries: a dead socket's cleanup removed a live tab's registration, and the\n *   browser never registered again. The agent then had no UI tools at all.\n * - Nothing answered a dispatch. The agent was told an action succeeded before\n *   the client had run it, and never saw the page an action led to.\n * - Every hook listened independently, through two paths, so one dispatch ran\n *   twice and nothing de-duplicated it.\n *\n * Here the client is the record. `snapshot()` is what the client can do right\n * now, and every request is run once, waited on until the UI settles, and\n * answered with its result and the snapshot after it.\n */\nimport type {\n  OUIActionRequest,\n  OUIActionResult,\n  OUIApprovalGrant,\n  OUIResultDelivery,\n  OUISurface,\n  OUISurfaceSnapshot,\n  OUIObservationSnapshot,\n} from \"../spec/index.js\";\nimport {\n  ARGS_HASH_PATTERN,\n  argsHash,\n  requiresApproval,\n} from \"../spec/approval.js\";\nimport { surfacesHash } from \"../spec/surfaces-hash.js\";\nimport type { OUITransport, OUITransportConfig } from \"../transport/types.js\";\nimport {\n  createWebSocketTransport,\n  type SocketLike,\n} from \"../transport/websocket.js\";\nimport type {\n  ActionHandlerResult,\n  ActionPollingConfig,\n  DefinedSurface,\n} from \"./define-surface.js\";\n\n// ─── Options ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport interface SettleOptions {\n  /**\n   * The UI counts as settled once nothing has mounted, unmounted or changed an\n   * observation for this long, and no hold is open. Default 250 ms.\n   */\n  quietMs?: number;\n  /** Give up waiting after this long and answer with `settled: false`. Default 5000 ms. */\n  timeoutMs?: number;\n}\n\nexport interface SurfaceRuntimeOptions {\n  /** The socket to answer requests on. Can be set or replaced later with `attach`. */\n  socket?: SocketLike | null;\n\n  /** Wire configuration for the transport the runtime builds on the socket. */\n  transport?: OUITransportConfig;\n\n  /**\n   * Also announce registrations and observations over the transport, for agent\n   * runtimes that keep a server-side registry. Default true.\n   *\n   * An agent runtime that takes the client's snapshot instead (sent with each\n   * turn, and returned on every result) has no use for them: set false.\n   */\n  announce?: boolean;\n\n  settle?: SettleOptions;\n\n  /** How many answered request ids to remember, for de-duplication. Default 500. */\n  dedupeWindow?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * Decides whether a request that arrived on the socket may run at all. A\n   * refused request is neither run nor answered, and is logged.\n   *\n   * The server should be the only sender of action requests, but a client can\n   * also check that a request is one it expects: for example, only while its\n   * agent has a turn in progress. Requests passed to `execute` directly are\n   * not checked; they come from the application itself.\n   */\n  accept?: (request: OUIActionRequest) => boolean;\n\n  /**\n   * A request sent again while its answer is on the way is not answered again\n   * (§7.3.7): every copy of a large answer queues on the one socket, ahead of\n   * the next request's answer. Only once the answer has gone this long without\n   * the receiver acknowledging it — lost, or a receiver that does not\n   * acknowledge — is a repeat answered again. Default 8000 ms.\n   */\n  reanswerAfterMs?: number;\n}\n\n// ─── Public types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport interface MountedSurface {\n  readonly surfaceId: string;\n  /** Record an observation value. A no-op once unmounted. */\n  pushObservation(observationId: string, value: unknown): void;\n  /** Remove this mount. Other mounts of the same surface id are unaffected. */\n  unmount(): void;\n}\n\nexport interface SurfaceRuntime {\n  /**\n   * Mount a surface. `getContext` is read when an action runs, so handlers see\n   * the latest state rather than the state at mount time.\n   *\n   * Mounting the same surface id twice is allowed (React StrictMode does it on\n   * every mount); the most recent mount serves its actions.\n   */\n  mount<TContext>(\n    surface: DefinedSurface<TContext>,\n    getContext: () => TContext,\n  ): MountedSurface;\n\n  /** Answer requests arriving on this socket (null detaches). */\n  attach(socket: SocketLike | null): void;\n\n  /** What the client can do right now. */\n  snapshot(): OUISurfaceSnapshot;\n\n  /**\n   * Run a request once and resolve with its result. A request id seen before\n   * resolves with the first result instead of running again.\n   */\n  execute(request: OUIActionRequest): Promise<OUIActionResult>;\n\n  /**\n   * Keep the UI unsettled until the returned function is called. For work an\n   * action starts that mounting and unmounting cannot show, such as a route's\n   * code still loading or a page fetching the data it will display.\n   */\n  hold(): () => void;\n\n  /**\n   * Record that the user approved one request, here, through their own\n   * confirmation (the agent runtime's approval store answered it to this tab).\n   * An action that needs approval — a `transaction`, or a destructive write —\n   * runs only on a request whose `approval` matches an unused, unexpired grant\n   * for exactly its params. Each grant admits one request.\n   */\n  grantApproval(grant: OUIApprovalGrant): void;\n\n  /** Called whenever the snapshot changes. */\n  subscribe(listener: () => void): () => void;\n\n  /** Stop polling, detach from the socket and forget every mount. */\n  dispose(): void;\n}\n\n// ─── Implementation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\ninterface Entry {\n  key: number;\n  surface: DefinedSurface<unknown>;\n  getContext: () => unknown;\n}\n\nconst DEFAULT_QUIET_MS = 250;\nconst DEFAULT_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;\nconst DEFAULT_DEDUPE_WINDOW = 500;\nconst DEFAULT_REANSWER_AFTER_MS = 8000;\nconst SETTLE_TICK_MS = 50;\n\nexport function createSurfaceRuntime(\n  options: SurfaceRuntimeOptions = {},\n): SurfaceRuntime {\n  const announce = options.announce ?? true;\n  const quietMs = options.settle?.quietMs ?? DEFAULT_QUIET_MS;\n  const settleTimeoutMs =\n    options.settle?.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS;\n  const dedupeWindow = options.dedupeWindow ?? DEFAULT_DEDUPE_WINDOW;\n  const reanswerAfterMs = options.reanswerAfterMs ?? DEFAULT_REANSWER_AFTER_MS;\n\n  let nextKey = 1;\n  const entries: Entry[] = [];\n  const observations = new Map<string, Map<string, unknown>>();\n  const serializedObservations = new Map<string, string>();\n  const holds = new Set<number>();\n  let nextHold = 1;\n  const results = new Map<string, Promise<OUIActionResult>>();\n  const pollers = new Map<string, ReturnType<typeof setInterval>>();\n  // How each running poll answers its request if it has to stop early.\n  const abandon = new Map<\n    string,\n    (error: { code: string; message: string }) => void\n  >();\n  const listeners = new Set<() => void>();\n  // Resolves once a request's first result has been handed to the transport.\n  const acks = new Map<\n    string,\n    { promise: Promise<void>; resolve: () => void }\n  >();\n  function ackFor(requestId: string) {\n    let ack = acks.get(requestId);\n    if (!ack) {\n      let resolve!: () => void;\n      const promise = new Promise<void>((r) => (resolve = r));\n      ack = { promise, resolve };\n      acks.set(requestId, ack);\n    }\n    return ack;\n  }\n  function acknowledged(requestId: string): Promise<void> {\n    return ackFor(requestId).promise;\n  }\n  // How each request's first answer is getting to the agent runtime: still\n  // being worked out, sent (when), or acknowledged as received. A repeat of the\n  // request is answered again only when the answer may have been lost (§7.3.7).\n  const delivery = new Map<\n    string,\n    { state: \"running\" | \"sent\" | \"received\"; at: number }\n  >();\n  // The surfaces hash each request's first answer reported: an async action's\n  // final answer repeats its surfaces only if they changed since then, since\n  // the agent runtime waited for that first answer before waiting for this one.\n  const answeredHash = new Map<string, string>();\n  let lastChangeAt = Date.now();\n  // Approvals the user gave in this tab, by approval id, until used or expired.\n  const grants = new Map<string, OUIApprovalGrant>();\n\n  /**\n   * Why a request for an action that needs approval may not run, or null when\n   * it may — in which case its grant is used up.\n   */\n  async function approvalRefusal(\n    request: OUIActionRequest,\n  ): Promise<string | null> {\n    const approval = request.approval;\n    if (!approval)\n      return \"it needs the user's approval, and the request carries none\";\n    let hash: string;\n    try {\n      hash = await argsHash(request.params ?? {});\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `its params cannot be checked against an approval: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`;\n    }\n    // Checked and used up with no await in between, so one grant admits one request.\n    const grant = grants.get(approval.approvalId);\n    if (!grant) return \"this tab holds no unused approval for it\";\n    if (Date.now() >= grant.expiresAt) {\n      grants.delete(approval.approvalId);\n      return \"its approval has expired\";\n    }\n    if (approval.argsHash !== grant.argsHash || hash !== grant.argsHash) {\n      return \"its params are not the ones the user approved\";\n    }\n    grants.delete(approval.approvalId);\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  let socket: SocketLike | null = null;\n  let transport: OUITransport | null = null;\n  let detachTransport: Array<() => void> = [];\n\n  /**\n   * `settles: false` for changes that are not the UI reacting to an action,\n   * such as an async job's progress: those notify listeners but do not keep\n   * an action's result waiting.\n   */\n  function changed(settles = true) {\n    if (settles) lastChangeAt = Date.now();\n    for (const l of [...listeners]) l();\n  }\n\n  function activeFor(surfaceId: string): Entry | undefined {\n    for (let i = entries.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n      if (entries[i].surface.id === surfaceId) return entries[i];\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Active entries, one per surface id, in the order each id was first mounted. */\n  function activeEntries(): Entry[] {\n    const seen = new Set<string>();\n    const out: Entry[] = [];\n    for (const e of entries) {\n      if (seen.has(e.surface.id)) continue;\n      seen.add(e.surface.id);\n      out.push(activeFor(e.surface.id)!);\n    }\n    return out;\n  }\n\n  function announceSurface(entry: Entry) {\n    if (!announce || !transport) return;\n    transport.registerSurface(entry.surface.toManifest());\n    const obs = observations.get(entry.surface.id);\n    if (obs) {\n      for (const [observationId, value] of obs) {\n        transport.pushObservation({\n          surfaceId: entry.surface.id,\n          observationId,\n          value,\n          timestamp: Date.now(),\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  function announceAll() {\n    for (const e of activeEntries()) announceSurface(e);\n  }\n\n  function setObservation(\n    surfaceId: string,\n    observationId: string,\n    value: unknown,\n    settles = true,\n  ) {\n    const key = `${surfaceId}\\u0000${observationId}`;\n    let serialized: string;\n    try {\n      serialized = JSON.stringify(value) ?? \"undefined\";\n    } catch {\n      serialized = String(value);\n    }\n    if (serializedObservations.get(key) === serialized) return;\n    serializedObservations.set(key, serialized);\n\n    let obs = observations.get(surfaceId);\n    if (!obs) {\n      obs = new Map();\n      observations.set(surfaceId, obs);\n    }\n    obs.set(observationId, toJsonSafe(value));\n\n    if (announce && transport) {\n      transport.pushObservation({\n        surfaceId,\n        observationId,\n        value,\n        timestamp: Date.now(),\n      });\n    }\n    changed(settles);\n  }\n\n  function forgetSurface(surfaceId: string) {\n    observations.delete(surfaceId);\n    for (const key of [...serializedObservations.keys()]) {\n      if (key.startsWith(`${surfaceId}\\u0000`))\n        serializedObservations.delete(key);\n    }\n    for (const [key, timer] of pollers) {\n      if (key.startsWith(`${surfaceId}\\u0000`)) {\n        clearInterval(timer);\n        pollers.delete(key);\n        // The request still gets its final answer: a poll that stops\n        // without one leaves the agent waiting forever.\n        abandon.get(key)?.({\n          code: \"SURFACE_NOT_MOUNTED\",\n          message:\n            `Surface \"${surfaceId}\" left the page before its action finished, ` +\n            \"so it is no longer being followed. Check what the page shows \" +\n            \"before trying again.\",\n        });\n        abandon.delete(key);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // ─── Polling (async actions) ──────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n  /**\n   * Polls an async action to completion, publishing progress as an observation\n   * and, when it ends, the request's final result (OUI spec §7.3: an async\n   * action is acknowledged, then answered once more when it finishes).\n   */\n  function startPolling(\n    requestId: string,\n    surfaceId: string,\n    actionId: string,\n    polling: ActionPollingConfig<unknown>,\n    dispatchResult: unknown,\n  ) {\n    const finish = async (\n      success: boolean,\n      data: unknown,\n      error?: { code: string; message: string },\n    ) => {\n      // The acknowledgment goes first: a job can finish before the UI settles.\n      await acknowledged(requestId);\n      const snap = snapshot();\n      const known = answeredHash.get(requestId);\n      answer({\n        requestId,\n        success,\n        ...(data !== undefined ? { data: toJsonSafe(data) } : {}),\n        ...(error ? { error } : {}),\n        interim: false,\n        timestamp: Date.now(),\n        ...(snap.surfacesHash !== known ? { surfaces: snap.surfaces } : {}),\n        observations: snap.observations,\n        surfacesHash: snap.surfacesHash,\n      });\n      acks.delete(requestId);\n      answeredHash.delete(requestId);\n    };\n\n    // The observation id is the one surfaces have always published under.\n    const observationId = `${surfaceId}:${actionId}:status`;\n    const pollerKey = `${surfaceId}\\u0000${actionId}`;\n\n    if (polling.subscribe) {\n      setObservation(\n        surfaceId,\n        observationId,\n        { status: \"dispatched\", dispatchResult, interim: true },\n        false,\n      );\n      return;\n    }\n    if (!polling.resolve) {\n      setObservation(\n        surfaceId,\n        observationId,\n        { status: \"dispatched\", dispatchResult, interim: false },\n        false,\n      );\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const existing = pollers.get(pollerKey);\n    if (existing) {\n      clearInterval(existing);\n      pollers.delete(pollerKey);\n      abandon.get(pollerKey)?.({\n        code: \"SUPERSEDED\",\n        message:\n          `\"${actionId}\" was started again before this run finished, ` +\n          \"so only the newer run is being followed.\",\n      });\n      abandon.delete(pollerKey);\n    }\n\n    setObservation(\n      surfaceId,\n      observationId,\n      { status: \"polling\", dispatchResult, interim: true },\n      false,\n    );\n\n    const maxAttempts = polling.maxAttempts ?? Infinity;\n    const maxDuration = polling.maxDurationMs ?? Infinity;\n    const startedAt = Date.now();\n    let attempts = 0;\n\n    const timer = setInterval(async () => {\n      attempts++;\n      if (attempts > maxAttempts || Date.now() - startedAt > maxDuration) {\n        clearInterval(timer);\n        pollers.delete(pollerKey);\n        abandon.delete(pollerKey);\n        setObservation(\n          surfaceId,\n          observationId,\n          { status: \"timeout\", dispatchResult, interim: false },\n          false,\n        );\n        void finish(false, undefined, {\n          code: \"TIMEOUT\",\n          message: `\"${actionId}\" did not finish within its polling limits.`,\n        });\n        return;\n      }\n      const entry = activeFor(surfaceId);\n      if (!entry) {\n        // forgetSurface normally gets here first; answer anyway.\n        clearInterval(timer);\n        pollers.delete(pollerKey);\n        const gone = abandon.get(pollerKey);\n        abandon.delete(pollerKey);\n        gone?.({\n          code: \"SURFACE_NOT_MOUNTED\",\n          message:\n            `Surface \"${surfaceId}\" left the page before \"${actionId}\" ` +\n            \"finished, so it is no longer being followed. Check what the \" +\n            \"page shows before trying again.\",\n        });\n        return;\n      }\n      // The surface may have remounted without this action (a control that is\n      // disabled while its job runs, say). The job is still running, so keep\n      // following it with the polling it started with.\n      const action = entry.surface.actions.find((a) => a.id === actionId);\n      const resolve = action?.polling?.resolve ?? polling.resolve;\n      if (!resolve) return;\n      try {\n        const r = await resolve(dispatchResult, entry.getContext());\n        setObservation(\n          surfaceId,\n          observationId,\n          {\n            ...(r.data as Record<string, unknown>),\n            interim: !r.done,\n          },\n          false,\n        );\n        if (r.done) {\n          clearInterval(timer);\n          pollers.delete(pollerKey);\n          abandon.delete(pollerKey);\n          void finish(true, r.data);\n        }\n      } catch (err) {\n        // A transient failure is reported, not fatal: keep polling.\n        setObservation(\n          surfaceId,\n          observationId,\n          { status: \"poll_error\", error: String(err), interim: true },\n          false,\n        );\n      }\n    }, polling.intervalMs);\n\n    pollers.set(pollerKey, timer);\n    abandon.set(pollerKey, (error) => void finish(false, undefined, error));\n  }\n\n  // ─── Settling ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n  async function waitUntilSettled(since: number): Promise<boolean> {\n    const deadline = since + settleTimeoutMs;\n    for (;;) {\n      const now = Date.now();\n      const quietFor = now - Math.max(since, lastChangeAt);\n      if (holds.size === 0 && quietFor >= quietMs) return true;\n      if (now >= deadline) return false;\n      await sleep(Math.min(SETTLE_TICK_MS, deadline - now));\n    }\n  }\n\n  // ─── Execution ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n  async function run(request: OUIActionRequest): Promise<OUIActionResult> {\n    const startedAt = Date.now();\n    const entry = activeFor(request.surfaceId);\n\n    let result: ActionHandlerResult;\n    let interim = false;\n    if (!entry) {\n      const mounted = activeEntries().map((e) => e.surface.id);\n      result = {\n        success: false,\n        error: {\n          code: \"SURFACE_NOT_MOUNTED\",\n          message:\n            `Surface \"${request.surfaceId}\" is not on screen. ` +\n            `Mounted surfaces: ${mounted.length ? mounted.join(\", \") : \"none\"}.`,\n        },\n      };\n    } else {\n      const declared = entry.surface.actions.find(\n        (a) => a.id === request.actionId,\n      );\n      const refusal =\n        declared && requiresApproval(declared.effect, declared.confirm)\n          ? await approvalRefusal(request)\n          : null;\n      // executeAction turns a thrown handler into ACTION_EXECUTION_ERROR.\n      result = refusal\n        ? {\n            success: false,\n            error: {\n              code: \"APPROVAL_REQUIRED\",\n              message: `\"${request.actionId}\" was not run: ${refusal}.`,\n            },\n          }\n        : await entry.surface.executeAction(\n            request.actionId,\n            request.params ?? {},\n            entry.getContext(),\n          );\n      if (result.success) {\n        const action = entry.surface.actions.find(\n          (a) => a.id === request.actionId,\n        );\n        if (action?.polling) {\n          interim = true;\n          startPolling(\n            request.requestId,\n            entry.surface.id,\n            action.id,\n            action.polling,\n            result.data ?? result.dispatchMeta,\n          );\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    const settled = await waitUntilSettled(startedAt);\n    const snap = snapshot();\n    if (interim) answeredHash.set(request.requestId, snap.surfacesHash!);\n\n    return {\n      requestId: request.requestId,\n      success: result.success,\n      ...(result.data !== undefined ? { data: toJsonSafe(result.data) } : {}),\n      ...(result.error\n        ? { error: toJsonSafe(result.error) as OUIActionResult[\"error\"] }\n        : {}),\n      ...(interim ? { interim: true } : {}),\n      durationMs: Date.now() - startedAt,\n      timestamp: Date.now(),\n      // Only what the agent runtime does not already hold (§7.3.4).\n      ...(snap.surfacesHash !== request.knownSurfaces\n        ? { surfaces: snap.surfaces }\n        : {}),\n      observations: snap.observations,\n      surfacesHash: snap.surfacesHash,\n      settled,\n    };\n  }\n\n  // ─── Answering ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n  /**\n   * Send an answer, and if the receiving side refuses it, send it again\n   * trimmed, saying why (§7.3.6): first without the page's surfaces and\n   * observations, then without the action's data too. An answer that is\n   * refused and not sent again leaves the agent waiting until its deadline,\n   * then reporting an action that ran as one that did not answer.\n   */\n  function answer(result: OUIActionResult, onReceived?: () => void) {\n    const steps: Array<OUIResultDelivery[\"omitted\"]> = [\n      [\"surfaces\", \"observations\"],\n      [\"surfaces\", \"observations\", \"data\"],\n    ];\n    const send = (frame: OUIActionResult, step: number) => {\n      transport?.sendResult(frame, (ack) => {\n        if (ack.ok) {\n          onReceived?.();\n          return;\n        }\n        const omitted = steps[step];\n        if (!omitted) {\n          console.warn(\n            `[OUI] The answer to ${result.requestId} was refused even trimmed: ${ack.reason}`,\n          );\n          return;\n        }\n        console.warn(\n          `[OUI] The answer to ${result.requestId} was refused (${ack.reason}); sending it without ${omitted.join(\", \")}`,\n        );\n        send(trimmed(result, ack.reason, omitted), step + 1);\n      });\n    };\n    send(result, 0);\n  }\n\n  function execute(request: OUIActionRequest): Promise<OUIActionResult> {\n    const seen = results.get(request.requestId);\n    if (seen) return seen;\n\n    const pending = run(request);\n    results.set(request.requestId, pending);\n    while (results.size > dedupeWindow) {\n      const oldest = results.keys().next().value as string;\n      results.delete(oldest);\n      delivery.delete(oldest);\n    }\n    return pending;\n  }\n\n  // ─── Snapshot ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n  function snapshot(): OUISurfaceSnapshot {\n    const surfaces: OUISurface[] = [];\n    const obs: OUIObservationSnapshot = {};\n    for (const e of activeEntries()) {\n      surfaces.push(e.surface.toManifest());\n      const values = observations.get(e.surface.id);\n      if (values && values.size > 0)\n        obs[e.surface.id] = Object.fromEntries(values);\n    }\n    return {\n      surfaces,\n      observations: obs,\n      surfacesHash: surfacesHash(surfaces),\n    };\n  }\n\n  // ─── Transport ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n  function attach(next: SocketLike | null) {\n    if (next === socket) return;\n    for (const off of detachTransport) off();\n    detachTransport = [];\n    transport?.dispose();\n    transport = null;\n    socket = next;\n    if (!next) return;\n\n    const t = createWebSocketTransport(next, options.transport);\n    transport = t;\n\n    detachTransport.push(\n      t.onAction((request, receipt) => {\n        if (options.accept && !options.accept(request)) {\n          console.warn(\n            `[OUI] Refused a request the client does not accept: ${request.surfaceId}.${request.actionId} (${request.requestId})`,\n          );\n          receipt?.({\n            ok: false,\n            reason: \"this client does not accept requests now\",\n          });\n          return;\n        }\n        // Received: the sender need not send it again (§7.3.7).\n        receipt?.({ ok: true });\n        const id = request.requestId;\n        const prior = delivery.get(id);\n        // A repeat while the answer is being worked out, or is on its way, or\n        // has arrived, gets no second copy: copies of a large answer queue on\n        // the one socket ahead of the next request's answer.\n        if (prior && prior.state !== \"sent\") return;\n        if (prior && Date.now() - prior.at < reanswerAfterMs) return;\n        if (!prior) delivery.set(id, { state: \"running\", at: Date.now() });\n        void execute(request).then((result) => {\n          // Answer on whichever transport is live when the result is ready: a\n          // reconnect in between keeps the same socket, so this still reaches\n          // the runtime that asked.\n          if (results.has(id))\n            delivery.set(id, { state: \"sent\", at: Date.now() });\n          answer(result, () => {\n            if (results.has(id))\n              delivery.set(id, { state: \"received\", at: Date.now() });\n          });\n          const ack = ackFor(id);\n          ack.resolve();\n          // Keep the gate only while a final result may still follow.\n          if (!result.interim) acks.delete(id);\n        });\n      }),\n    );\n\n    if (announce) {\n      // A server-side registry forgets a socket's surfaces when it drops, so\n      // every (re)connection announces them again.\n      detachTransport.push(\n        t.onConnectionChange((connected) => {\n          if (connected) announceAll();\n        }),\n      );\n      if (t.connected) announceAll();\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (options.socket) attach(options.socket);\n\n  // ─── Mounting ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n  function mount<TContext>(\n    surface: DefinedSurface<TContext>,\n    getContext: () => TContext,\n  ): MountedSurface {\n    const entry: Entry = {\n      key: nextKey++,\n      surface: surface as unknown as DefinedSurface<unknown>,\n      getContext: getContext as () => unknown,\n    };\n    entries.push(entry);\n    announceSurface(entry);\n    changed();\n\n    let mounted = true;\n    return {\n      surfaceId: surface.id,\n      pushObservation(observationId, value) {\n        // Only the mount serving the surface speaks for it.\n        if (!mounted || activeFor(surface.id) !== entry) return;\n        setObservation(surface.id, observationId, value);\n      },\n      unmount() {\n        if (!mounted) return;\n        mounted = false;\n        const i = entries.indexOf(entry);\n        if (i >= 0) entries.splice(i, 1);\n        const replacement = activeFor(surface.id);\n        if (replacement) {\n          announceSurface(replacement);\n        } else {\n          forgetSurface(surface.id);\n          if (announce && transport) transport.deregisterSurface(surface.id);\n        }\n        changed();\n      },\n    };\n  }\n\n  return {\n    mount,\n    attach,\n    snapshot,\n    execute,\n    hold() {\n      const id = nextHold++;\n      holds.add(id);\n      changed();\n      let released = false;\n      return () => {\n        if (released) return;\n        released = true;\n        holds.delete(id);\n        changed();\n      };\n    },\n    grantApproval(grant) {\n      if (\n        !grant ||\n        typeof grant.approvalId !== \"string\" ||\n        !grant.approvalId ||\n        typeof grant.argsHash !== \"string\" ||\n        !ARGS_HASH_PATTERN.test(grant.argsHash) ||\n        !Number.isFinite(grant.expiresAt)\n      ) {\n        throw new Error(\n          \"[OUI] grantApproval needs an approvalId, an args hash and an expiry\",\n        );\n      }\n      const now = Date.now();\n      for (const [id, g] of grants) if (now >= g.expiresAt) grants.delete(id);\n      grants.set(grant.approvalId, { ...grant });\n    },\n    subscribe(listener) {\n      listeners.add(listener);\n      return () => {\n        listeners.delete(listener);\n      };\n    },\n    dispose() {\n      for (const timer of pollers.values()) clearInterval(timer);\n      pollers.clear();\n      abandon.clear();\n      attach(null);\n      entries.length = 0;\n      observations.clear();\n      serializedObservations.clear();\n      holds.clear();\n      listeners.clear();\n      acks.clear();\n      answeredHash.clear();\n      delivery.clear();\n      grants.clear();\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n/** `result` without the fields `omitted` names, saying so and why (§7.3.6). */\nfunction trimmed(\n  result: OUIActionResult,\n  reason: string,\n  omitted: OUIResultDelivery[\"omitted\"],\n): OUIActionResult {\n  const out: OUIActionResult = { ...result };\n  for (const field of omitted) delete out[field];\n  out.delivery = { trimmed: true, reason, omitted: [...omitted] };\n  return out;\n}\n\nfunction sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));\n}\n\n/**\n * Results and observations cross a wire as JSON. A handler returning something\n * that is not (a DOM node, a class instance with cycles) must not take the\n * result down with it.\n */\nfunction toJsonSafe(value: unknown): unknown {\n  if (value === undefined) return undefined;\n  try {\n    return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(value));\n  } catch {\n    return String(value);\n  }\n}\n"]}