orcaq 1.0.33 → 1.1.2

package/.output/server/node_modules/oracledb/lib/impl/datahandlers/buffer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1214 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// This software is dual-licensed to you under the Universal Permissive License
+// (UPL) 1.0 as shown at https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl and Apache License
+// 2.0 as shown at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0. You may choose
+// either license.
+//
+// If you elect to accept the software under the Apache License, Version 2.0,
+// the following applies:
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+'use strict';
+
+const { Buffer } = require('buffer');
+const constants = require("./constants.js");
+const errors = require("../../errors.js");
+const types = require("../../types.js");
+const nodbUtil = require("../../util.js");
+
+/**
+ * Base buffer class used for managing buffered data without unnecessary
+ * copying.
+ */
+class BaseBuffer {
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // constructor()
+  //
+  // The initializer is either an integer specifying the size of the buffer, or
+  // an existing Buffer, which is used directly.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  constructor(initializer) {
+    if (typeof initializer === 'number') {
+      this.buf = Buffer.alloc(initializer);
+      this.size = 0;
+      this.maxSize = initializer;
+    } else if (initializer) {
+      this.buf = initializer;
+      this.size = this.maxSize = initializer.length;
+    }
+    this.pos = 0;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // _grow()
+  //
+  // Called when the buffer needs to grow. The base function simply raises an
+  // error.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  _grow(numBytes) {
+    errors.throwErr(errors.ERR_BUFFER_LENGTH_INSUFFICIENT, this.numBytesLeft(),
+      numBytes);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // _readBytesWithLength()
+  //
+  // Helper function that processes the number of bytes (if needed) and then
+  // acquires the specified number of bytes from the buffer. The base function
+  // simply uses the length as given.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  _readBytesWithLength(numBytes) {
+    return this.readBytes(numBytes);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // _readInteger()
+  //
+  // Read an integer from the buffer of the specified maximum size and returns
+  // it. The signed flag indicates whether the value is allowed to be signed or
+  // not and the skip flag indicates whether the data should simply be skipped.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  _readInteger(maxSize, signed, skip) {
+    let isNegative = false;
+    let size = this.readUInt8();
+    if (size === 0) {
+      return 0;
+    } else if (size & 0x80) {
+      if (!signed) {
+        errors.throwErr(errors.ERR_UNEXPECTED_NEGATIVE_INTEGER, this.pos, this.packetNum);
+      }
+      isNegative = true;
+      size = size & 0x7f;
+    }
+    if (size > maxSize) {
+      errors.throwErr(errors.ERR_INTEGER_TOO_LARGE, size, maxSize, this.pos, this.packetNum);
+    }
+    if (skip) {
+      this.skipBytes(size);
+    } else {
+      const buf = this.readBytes(size);
+      const value = buf.readUIntBE(0, size);
+      return (isNegative) ? -value : value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // numBytesLeft()
+  //
+  // Returns the number of bytes that are remaining in the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  numBytesLeft() {
+    return this.size - this.pos;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parseBinaryDouble()
+  //
+  // Parses a binary double from the supplied buffer and returns a Number.
+  // It is assumed at this point that the size of the buffer is 8 bytes. A copy
+  // is made of the buffer in order to ensure that the original buffer is not
+  // modified. If it is and data spans multiple packets, incorrect data may be
+  // returned!
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  parseBinaryDouble(buf) {
+    buf = Buffer.from(buf);
+    if (buf[0] & 0x80) {
+      buf[0] &= 0x7f;
+    } else {
+      // complement the bits for a negative number
+      buf[0] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[1] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[2] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[3] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[4] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[5] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[6] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[7] ^= 0xff;
+    }
+    return buf.readDoubleBE();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parseBinaryFloat()
+  //
+  // Parses a binary float from the supplied buffer and returns a Number.  It
+  // is assumed at this point that the size of the buffer is 4 bytes. A copy is
+  // made of the buffer in order to ensure that the original buffer is not
+  // modified. If it is and data spans multiple packets, incorrect data may be
+  // returned!
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  parseBinaryFloat(buf) {
+    buf = Buffer.from(buf);
+    if (buf[0] & 0x80) {
+      buf[0] &= 0x7f;
+    } else {
+      // complement the bits for a negative number
+      buf[0] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[1] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[2] ^= 0xff;
+      buf[3] ^= 0xff;
+    }
+    return buf.readFloatBE();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parseOracleDate()
+  //
+  // Parses an Oracle date from the supplied buffer and returns a Date. It is
+  // assumed at this point that the size of the buffer is either 7 bytes (date
+  // or compressed timestamp), 11 bytes (timestamp) or 13 bytes (timestamp with
+  // time zone). Time zone information is discarded because Node.js uses UTC
+  // timestamps and the server returns the data in that format, too. The Date
+  // type in Node.js doesn't support time zone information.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  parseOracleDate(buf, useLocalTime = true) {
+    let fseconds = 0;
+    if (buf.length >= 11) {
+      fseconds = Math.floor(buf.readUInt32BE(7) / (1000 * 1000));
+    }
+    const year = (buf[0] - 100) * 100 + buf[1] - 100;
+    return nodbUtil.makeDate(useLocalTime, year, buf[2], buf[3], buf[4] - 1,
+      buf[5] - 1, buf[6] - 1, fseconds, 0);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parseOracleIntervalYM()
+  //
+  // Parses an Oracle interval year-to-month (YM) from the supplied buffer
+  // and returns a corresponding IntervalYM object representing that value.
+  // This object contains attributes for years and months.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  parseOracleIntervalYM(buf) {
+    const years = buf.readUInt32BE() - constants.TNS_DURATION_MID;
+    const months = buf[4] - constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET;
+    return new types.IntervalYM({ years: years, months: months });
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parseOracleIntervalDS()
+  //
+  // Parses an Oracle interval day-to-second (DS) from the supplied buffer
+  // and returns a corresponding IntervalDS object representing that value.
+  // This object contains attributes for day and time units.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  parseOracleIntervalDS(buf) {
+    const days = buf.readUInt32BE() - constants.TNS_DURATION_MID;
+    const fseconds = buf.readUInt32BE(7) - constants.TNS_DURATION_MID;
+    const hours = buf[4] - constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET;
+    const minutes = buf[5] - constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET;
+    const seconds = buf[6] - constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET;
+    return new types.IntervalDS({ days: days, hours: hours, minutes: minutes,
+      seconds: seconds, fseconds: fseconds });
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parseOracleNumber()
+  //
+  // Parses an Oracle number from the supplied buffer and returns a Number. It
+  // is assumed at this point that the buffer only contains the encoded numeric
+  // data.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  parseOracleNumber(buf) {
+
+    // the first byte is the exponent; positive numbers have the highest
+    // order bit set, whereas negative numbers have the highest order bit
+    // cleared and the bits inverted
+    let exponent = buf[0];
+    const isPositive = Boolean(exponent & 0x80);
+    if (!isPositive) {
+      exponent = (exponent ^ 0xFF);
+    }
+    exponent -= 193;
+    let decimalPointIndex = exponent * 2 + 2;
+
+    // a mantissa length of 0 implies a value of 0 (if positive) or a value
+    // of -1e126 (if negative)
+    if (buf.length === 1) {
+      if (isPositive) {
+        return "0";
+      }
+      return "-1e126";
+    }
+
+    // check for the trailing 102 byte for negative numbers and, if present,
+    // reduce the number of mantissa digits
+    let numBytes = buf.length;
+    if (!isPositive && buf[buf.length - 1] === 102) {
+      numBytes -= 1;
+    }
+
+    // process the mantissa bytes which are the remaining bytes; each
+    // mantissa byte is a base-100 digit
+    let base100Digit;
+    const digits = [];
+    for (let i = 1; i < numBytes; i++) {
+
+      // positive numbers have 1 added to them; negative numbers are
+      // subtracted from the value 101
+      if (isPositive) {
+        base100Digit = buf[i] - 1;
+      } else {
+        base100Digit = 101 - buf[i];
+      }
+
+      // process the first digit; leading zeroes are ignored
+      let digit = Math.floor(base100Digit / 10);
+      if (digit === 0 && i === 1) {
+        decimalPointIndex -= 1;
+      } else if (digit === 10) {
+        digits.push("1");
+        digits.push("0");
+        decimalPointIndex += 1;
+      } else if (digit !== 0 || i > 1) {
+        digits.push(digit.toString());
+      }
+
+      // process the second digit; trailing zeroes are ignored
+      digit = base100Digit % 10;
+      if (digit !== 0 || i < numBytes - 1) {
+        digits.push(digit.toString());
+      }
+    }
+
+    // create string of digits for transformation to JS value
+    const chars = [];
+
+    // if negative, include the sign
+    if (!isPositive) {
+      chars.push("-");
+    }
+
+    // if the decimal point index is 0 or less, add the decimal point and
+    // any leading zeroes that are needed
+    if (decimalPointIndex <= 0) {
+      chars.push(".");
+      if (decimalPointIndex < 0)
+        chars.push("0".repeat(-decimalPointIndex));
+    }
+
+    // add each of the digits
+    for (let i = 0; i < digits.length; i++) {
+      if (i > 0 && i === decimalPointIndex) {
+        chars.push(".");
+      }
+      chars.push(digits[i]);
+    }
+
+    // if the decimal point index exceeds the number of digits, add any
+    // trailing zeroes that are needed
+    if (decimalPointIndex > digits.length) {
+      for (let i = digits.length; i < decimalPointIndex; i++) {
+        chars.push("0");
+      }
+    }
+
+    // convert result to a Number
+    return chars.join("");
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readBinaryDouble()
+  //
+  // Reads a binary double value from the buffer and returns a Number or a
+  // String, depending on the desired type.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readBinaryDouble() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.parseBinaryDouble(buf);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readBinaryFloat()
+  //
+  // Reads a binary float value from the buffer and returns a Number or a
+  // String, depending on the desired type.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readBinaryFloat() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.parseBinaryFloat(buf);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readBinaryInteger()
+  //
+  // Reads a binary integer value from the buffer and returns a Number
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readBinaryInteger() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (buf.length > 4) {
+      errors.throwErr(errors.ERR_INTEGER_TOO_LARGE, buf.length, 4, this.pos, this.packetNum);
+    }
+    return (buf.readIntBE(0, buf.length));
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readBool()
+  //
+  // Reads a boolean value from the buffer and returns a Boolean.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readBool() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return (buf[buf.length - 1] === 1);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readBytes()
+  //
+  // Returns a Buffer containing the specified number of bytes. If an
+  // insufficient number of bytes are available an error is thrown.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readBytes(numBytes) {
+    const numBytesLeft = this.numBytesLeft();
+    if (numBytes > numBytesLeft) {
+      errors.throwErr(errors.ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_DATA, numBytes,
+        numBytesLeft);
+    }
+    const buf = this.buf.subarray(this.pos, this.pos + numBytes);
+    this.pos += numBytes;
+    return buf;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readBytesAndLength()
+  //
+  // Reads the UB4 length from the buffer and then returns a Buffer containing
+  // the specified number of bytes.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readBytesAndLength() {
+    const numBytes = this.readUB4();
+    if (numBytes > 0)
+      return this.readBytesWithLength();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readBytesWithLength()
+  //
+  // Reads the length from the buffer and then returns a Buffer containing the
+  // specified number of bytes. If the length is 0 or the special null length
+  // indicator value, null is returned instead.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readBytesWithLength() {
+    const numBytes = this.readUInt8();
+    if (numBytes === 0 || numBytes === constants.TNS_NULL_LENGTH_INDICATOR)
+      return null;
+    return this._readBytesWithLength(numBytes);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readDbObject()
+  //
+  // Reads a database object from the buffer and returns the implementation
+  // object (or null, if the object is atomically null).
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readDbObject() {
+    const obj = {};
+    let numBytes = this.readUB4();
+    if (numBytes > 0)
+      obj.toid = Buffer.from(this.readBytesWithLength());
+    numBytes = this.readUB4();
+    if (numBytes > 0)
+      obj.oid = Buffer.from(this.readBytesWithLength());
+    numBytes = this.readUB4();
+    if (numBytes > 0)
+      obj.snapshot = Buffer.from(this.readBytesWithLength());
+    this.skipUB2();                     // version
+    numBytes = this.readUB4();
+    this.skipUB2();                     // flags
+    if (numBytes > 0)
+      obj.packedData = Buffer.from(this.readBytesWithLength());
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readInt8()
+  //
+  // Reads a signed 8-bit integer from the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readInt8() {
+    const buf = this.readBytes(1);
+    return buf.readInt8();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readOracleDate()
+  //
+  // Reads an Oracle date from the buffer and returns a Date or a String,
+  // depending on the desired type.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readOracleDate(useLocalTime) {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.parseOracleDate(buf, useLocalTime);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readOracleIntervalYM()
+  //
+  // Reads interval year to month value from the buffer and returns a
+  // JavaScript object representing that value.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readOracleIntervalYM() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.parseOracleIntervalYM(buf);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readOracleIntervalDS()
+  //
+  // Reads interval day to second value from the buffer and returns a
+  // JavaScript object representing that value.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readOracleIntervalDS() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.parseOracleIntervalDS(buf);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readOracleNumber()
+  //
+  // Reads an Oracle number from the buffer and returns a Number or a String,
+  // depending on the desired type.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readOracleNumber() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.parseOracleNumber(buf);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readSB2()
+  //
+  // Reads a signed, variable length integer of up to 2 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readSB2() {
+    return this._readInteger(2, true, false);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readSB4()
+  //
+  // Reads a signed, variable length integer of up to 4 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readSB4() {
+    return this._readInteger(4, true, false);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readSB8()
+  //
+  // Reads a signed, variable length integer of up to 8 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readSB8() {
+    return this._readInteger(8, true, false);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readStr()
+  //
+  // Reads a string from the buffer in the specified character set form.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readStr(csfrm) {
+    const buf = this.readBytesWithLength();
+    if (!buf) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (csfrm === constants.CSFRM_IMPLICIT)
+      return buf.toString();
+
+    // need a copy of the buffer since swap16() changes the buffer in place and
+    // it is possible that the buffer may need to be rescanned (for the case
+    // where insufficient packets are available during the initial scan)
+    return Buffer.from(buf).swap16().toString('utf16le');
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readStrAndLength()
+  //
+  // Reads a length from the buffer and then, if the length is non-zero, reads
+  // string from the buffer and returns it.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readStrAndLength() {
+    const buf = this.readBytesAndLength();
+    return buf ? buf.toString() : null;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readUB2()
+  //
+  // Reads an unsigned, variable length integer of up to 2 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readUB2() {
+    return this._readInteger(2, false, false);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readUB4()
+  //
+  // Reads an unsigned, variable length integer of up to 4 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readUB4() {
+    return this._readInteger(4, false, false);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readUB8()
+  //
+  // Reads an unsigned, variable length integer of up to 8 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readUB8() {
+    return this._readInteger(8, false, false);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readUInt8()
+  //
+  // Reads an unsigned 8-bit integer from the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readUInt8() {
+    const buf = this.readBytes(1);
+    return buf[0];
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readUInt16BE()
+  //
+  // Reads an unsigned 16-bit integer from the buffer in big endian order.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readUInt16BE() {
+    const buf = this.readBytes(2);
+    return buf.readUInt16BE();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readUInt16LE()
+  //
+  // Reads an unsigned 16-bit integer from the buffer in little endian order.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readUInt16LE() {
+    const buf = this.readBytes(2);
+    return buf.readUInt16LE();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // readUInt32BE()
+  //
+  // Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer from the buffer in big endian order.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  readUInt32BE() {
+    const buf = this.readBytes(4);
+    return buf.readUInt32BE();
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // reserveBytes()
+  //
+  // Reserves the specified number of bytes in the buffer. If not enough bytes
+  // remain in the buffer, the buffer is grown.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  reserveBytes(numBytes) {
+    if (numBytes > this.numBytesLeft()) {
+      this._grow(this.pos + numBytes);
+    }
+    const pos = this.pos;
+    this.pos += numBytes;
+    return pos;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // skipBytes()
+  //
+  // Skips the specified number of bytes in the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  skipBytes(numBytes) {
+    if (numBytes > this.numBytesLeft())
+      errors.throwErr(errors.ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_DATA);
+    this.pos += numBytes;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // skipSB4()
+  //
+  // Skips a signed, variable length integer of up to 4 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  skipSB4() {
+    return this._readInteger(4, true, true);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // skipUB1()
+  //
+  // Skips a single byte integer in the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  skipUB1() {
+    this.skipBytes(1);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // skipUB2()
+  //
+  // Skips an unsigned, variable length integer of up to 2 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  skipUB2() {
+    return this._readInteger(2, false, true);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // skipUB4()
+  //
+  // Skips an unsigned, variable length integer of up to 4 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  skipUB4() {
+    return this._readInteger(4, false, true);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // skipUB8()
+  //
+  // Skips an unsigned, variable length integer of up to 8 bytes in length.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  skipUB8() {
+    return this._readInteger(8, false, true);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeBinaryDouble()
+  //
+  // Writes the number in binary double format to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeBinaryDouble(n, pos) {
+    if (!pos) {
+      pos = this.reserveBytes(8);
+    }
+    this.buf.writeDoubleBE(n, pos);
+    if ((this.buf[pos] & 0x80) === 0) {
+      this.buf[pos] |= 0x80;
+    } else {
+      // We complement the bits for a negative number
+      this.buf[pos] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 1] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 2] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 3] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 4] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 5] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 6] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 7] ^= 0xff;
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeBinaryFloat()
+  //
+  // Writes the number in binary float format to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeBinaryFloat(n, pos) {
+    if (!pos) {
+      pos = this.reserveBytes(4);
+    }
+    this.buf.writeFloatBE(n, pos);
+    if ((this.buf[pos] & 0x80) === 0) {
+      this.buf[pos] |= 0x80;
+    } else {
+      // We complement the bits for a negative number
+      this.buf[pos] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 1] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 2] ^= 0xff;
+      this.buf[pos + 3] ^= 0xff;
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeBytes()
+  //
+  // Writes the bytes in the supplied buffer to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeBytes(value) {
+    let start = 0;
+    let valueLen = value.length;
+    while (valueLen > 0) {
+      const bytesLeft = this.numBytesLeft();
+      if (bytesLeft === 0) {
+        this._grow(this.pos + valueLen);
+      }
+      const bytesToWrite = Math.min(bytesLeft, valueLen);
+      value.copy(this.buf, this.pos, start, start + bytesToWrite);
+      this.pos += bytesToWrite;
+      start += bytesToWrite;
+      valueLen -= bytesToWrite;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // _writeRawBytesAndLength()
+  //
+  // Writes the length in the format required before
+  // writing the bytes.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  _writeRawBytesAndLength(value, numBytes) {
+    if (numBytes <= constants.TNS_MAX_SHORT_LENGTH) {
+      this.writeUInt8(numBytes);
+      if (numBytes > 0) {
+        this.writeBytes(value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      let start = 0;
+      this.writeUInt8(constants.TNS_LONG_LENGTH_INDICATOR);
+      while (numBytes > 0) {
+        const chunkLen = Math.min(numBytes, constants.BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE);
+        this.writeUB4(chunkLen);
+        this.writeBytes(value.subarray(start, start + chunkLen));
+        numBytes -= chunkLen;
+        start += chunkLen;
+      }
+      this.writeUB4(0);
+    }
+  }
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeBytesWithLength()
+  //
+  // Writes the bytes in the supplied buffer to the buffer, but first writes
+  // the length. If the length exceeds a fixed value, the value is written in
+  // chunks instead.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeBytesWithLength(value) {
+    const numBytes = value.length;
+    this._writeRawBytesAndLength(value, numBytes);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeDbObject()
+  //
+  // Writes a database object to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeDbObject(obj) {
+    this.writeUB4(obj.toid.length);
+    this.writeBytesWithLength(obj.toid);
+    if (obj.oid) {
+      this.writeUB4(obj.oid.length);
+      this.writeBytesWithLength(obj.oid);
+    } else {
+      this.writeUB4(0);
+    }
+    this.writeUB4(0);                   // snapshot
+    this.writeUB4(0);                   // version
+    const packedData = obj._getPackedData();
+    this.writeUB4(packedData.length);
+    this.writeUB4(obj.flags);
+    this.writeBytesWithLength(packedData);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeOracleDate()
+  //
+  // Writes the date to the buffer using the given Oracle type. Note that if a
+  // timestamp with zero milliseconds is written, the type is automatically
+  // changed to DB_TYPE_DATE (except for DB_TYPE_TIMESTAMP_TZ which requires
+  // the full amount to be written).
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeOracleDate(date, type, writeLength = true) {
+    let fsec;
+    let length = type._bufferSizeFactor;
+    if (length > 7) {
+      fsec = date.getUTCMilliseconds() * 1000 * 1000;
+      if (fsec === 0 && length <= 11)
+        length = 7;
+    }
+    if (writeLength) {
+      this.writeUInt8(length);
+    }
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(length);
+    if (type === types.DB_TYPE_DATE || type == types.DB_TYPE_TIMESTAMP) {
+      const year = date.getFullYear();
+      this.buf[pos] = Math.trunc(year / 100) + 100;
+      this.buf[pos + 1] = year % 100 + 100;
+      this.buf[pos + 2] = date.getMonth() + 1;
+      this.buf[pos + 3] = date.getDate();
+      this.buf[pos + 4] = date.getHours() + 1;
+      this.buf[pos + 5] = date.getMinutes() + 1;
+      this.buf[pos + 6] = date.getSeconds() + 1;
+    } else {
+      const year = date.getUTCFullYear();
+      this.buf[pos] = Math.trunc(year / 100) + 100;
+      this.buf[pos + 1] = year % 100 + 100;
+      this.buf[pos + 2] = date.getUTCMonth() + 1;
+      this.buf[pos + 3] = date.getUTCDate();
+      this.buf[pos + 4] = date.getUTCHours() + 1;
+      this.buf[pos + 5] = date.getUTCMinutes() + 1;
+      this.buf[pos + 6] = date.getUTCSeconds() + 1;
+    }
+    if (length > 7) {
+      this.buf.writeInt32BE(fsec, pos + 7);
+      if (length > 11) {
+        this.buf[pos + 11] = constants.TZ_HOUR_OFFSET;
+        this.buf[pos + 12] = constants.TZ_MINUTE_OFFSET;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeOracleIntervalYM()
+  //
+  // Writes a time interval to the buffer in Oracle Interval Year To Month
+  // format. It is assumed that the 'value' parameter is a valid IntervalYM
+  // object at this stage.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeOracleIntervalYM(value, writeLength = true) {
+    if (writeLength) {
+      this.writeUInt8(5);
+    }
+    this.writeUInt32BE(value.years + constants.TNS_DURATION_MID);
+    this.writeUInt8(value.months + constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeOracleIntervalDS()
+  //
+  // Writes a time interval to the buffer in Oracle Interval Day To Second
+  // format. It is assumed that the 'value' parameter is a valid IntervalDS
+  // object at this stage.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeOracleIntervalDS(value, writeLength = true) {
+    if (writeLength) {
+      this.writeUInt8(11);
+    }
+    this.writeUInt32BE(value.days + constants.TNS_DURATION_MID);
+    this.writeUInt8(value.hours + constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET);
+    this.writeUInt8(value.minutes + constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET);
+    this.writeUInt8(value.seconds + constants.TNS_DURATION_OFFSET);
+    this.writeUInt32BE(value.fseconds + constants.TNS_DURATION_MID);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeOracleNumber()
+  //
+  // Writes the number (in string form) in Oracle Number format to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeOracleNumber(value) {
+
+    // determine if number is negative
+    let isNegative = false;
+    if (value[0] === '-') {
+      isNegative = true;
+      value = value.substring(1);
+    }
+
+    // parse the exponent, if one is present
+    let exponent = 0;
+    const exponentPos = value.indexOf('e');
+    if (exponentPos > 0) {
+      exponent = Number(value.substring(exponentPos + 1));
+      value = value.substring(0, exponentPos);
+    }
+
+    // adjust the exponent and the value if there is a decimal point
+    const decimalPos = value.indexOf('.');
+    if (decimalPos > 0) {
+      exponent -= (value.length - decimalPos - 1);
+      value = value.substring(0, decimalPos) + value.substring(decimalPos + 1);
+    }
+
+    // strip any leading zeroes
+    if (value[0] === '0') {
+      value = value.replace(/^0+/, "");
+    }
+
+    // strip any trailing zeroes
+    if (value.length > 0 && value[value.length - 1] === '0') {
+      const trimmedValue = value.replace(/0+$/, "");
+      exponent += (value.length - trimmedValue.length);
+      value = trimmedValue;
+    }
+
+    // throw exception if number cannot be represented as an Oracle Number
+    if (value.length > constants.NUMBER_MAX_DIGITS || exponent >= 126 ||
+        exponent <= -131) {
+      errors.throwErr(errors.ERR_ORACLE_NUMBER_NO_REPR);
+    }
+
+    // if the exponent is odd, append a zero
+    if ((exponent > 0 && exponent % 2 === 1) ||
+        (exponent < 0 && exponent % 2 === -1)) {
+      exponent--;
+      value += "0";
+    }
+
+    // add a leading zero if the number of digits is odd
+    if (value.length % 2 === 1) {
+      value = "0" + value;
+    }
+
+    // write the encoded data to the wire
+    const appendSentinel =
+      (isNegative && value.length < constants.NUMBER_MAX_DIGITS);
+    const numPairs = value.length / 2;
+    let exponentOnWire = ((exponent + value.length) / 2) + 192;
+    if (isNegative) {
+      exponentOnWire = (exponentOnWire ^ 0xFF);
+    } else if (value.length === 0 && exponent === 0) {
+      exponentOnWire = 128;
+    }
+    let pos = this.reserveBytes(numPairs + 2 + appendSentinel);
+    this.buf[pos++] = numPairs + 1 + appendSentinel;
+    this.buf[pos++] = exponentOnWire;
+    for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i += 2) {
+      const base100Digit = Number(value.substring(i, i + 2));
+      if (isNegative) {
+        this.buf[pos++] = 101 - base100Digit;
+      } else {
+        this.buf[pos++] = base100Digit + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (appendSentinel) {
+      this.buf[pos] = 102;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeStr()
+  //
+  // Writes the string to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeStr(s) {
+    this.writeBytes(Buffer.from(s));
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeInt32BE()
+  //
+  // Writes a signed 32-bit integer to the buffer in big endian order.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeInt32BE(n) {
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(4);
+    this.buf.writeInt32BE(n, pos);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeSB4()
+  //
+  // Writes a signed integer (up to 4 bytes in length) in variable length
+  // format to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeSB4(value) {
+    let sign = 0;
+    if (value < 0) {
+      value = -value;
+      sign = 0x80;
+    }
+    if (value === 0) {
+      this.writeUInt8(0);
+    } else if (value <= 0xff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(1 | sign);
+      this.writeUInt8(value);
+    } else if (value <= 0xffff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(2 | sign);
+      this.writeUInt16BE(value);
+    } else {
+      this.writeUInt8(4 | sign);
+      this.writeUInt32BE(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUB4()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned integer (up to 4 bytes in length) in variable length
+  // format to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUB4(value) {
+    if (value === 0) {
+      this.writeUInt8(0);
+    } else if (value <= 0xff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(1);
+      this.writeUInt8(value);
+    } else if (value <= 0xffff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(2);
+      this.writeUInt16BE(value);
+    } else {
+      this.writeUInt8(4);
+      this.writeUInt32BE(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUB2()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned integer (up to 2 bytes in length) in variable length
+  // format to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUB2(value) {
+    if (value === 0) {
+      this.writeUInt8(0);
+    } else if (value <= 0xff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(1);
+      this.writeUInt8(value);
+    } else {
+      this.writeUInt8(2);
+      this.writeUInt16BE(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUB8()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned integer (up to 8 bytes in length) in variable length
+  // format to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUB8(value) {
+    if (value === 0) {
+      this.writeUInt8(0);
+    } else if (value <= 0xff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(1);
+      this.writeUInt8(value);
+    } else if (value <= 0xffff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(2);
+      this.writeUInt16BE(value);
+    } else if (value <= 0xffffffff) {
+      this.writeUInt8(4);
+      this.writeUInt32BE(value);
+    } else {
+      this.writeUInt8(8);
+      this.writeUInt64BE(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUInt8()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned 8-bit integer to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUInt8(n) {
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(1);
+    this.buf[pos] = n;
+  }
+
+  // writeSB1()
+  //
+  // Writes an signed 8-bit integer to the buffer.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeSB1(n) {
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(1);
+    this.buf[pos] = n;
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUInt16BE()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer to the buffer in big endian order.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUInt16BE(n) {
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(2);
+    this.buf.writeUInt16BE(n, pos);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUInt32BE()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned 32-bit integer to the buffer in big endian order.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUInt32BE(n) {
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(4);
+    this.buf.writeUInt32BE(n, pos);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUInt64BE()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned 64-bit integer to the buffer in big endian order. Since
+  // Node.js doesn't support anything above 32-bits without using BigInt, the
+  // higher order bits are simply written as 0.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUInt64BE(n) {
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(8);
+    this.buf.writeUInt32BE(0, pos);
+    this.buf.writeUInt32BE(n, pos + 4);
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // writeUInt16LE()
+  //
+  // Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer to the buffer in little endian order.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  writeUInt16LE(n) {
+    const pos = this.reserveBytes(2);
+    this.buf.writeUInt16LE(n, pos);
+  }
+
+}
+
+class GrowableBuffer extends BaseBuffer {
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // constructor()
+  //
+  // Initializes the buffer with an initial fixed chunk size.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  constructor(initializer) {
+    if (initializer) {
+      super(initializer);
+    } else {
+      super(constants.BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE);
+      this.size = this.maxSize;
+    }
+  }
+
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // _grow()
+  //
+  // Called when the buffer needs to grow. Ensures that sufficient space is
+  // allocated to include the requested number of bytes, rounded to the nearest
+  // chunk size.
+  //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  _grow(numBytes) {
+    const remainder = numBytes % constants.BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE;
+    if (remainder > 0) {
+      numBytes += (constants.BUFFER_CHUNK_SIZE - remainder);
+    }
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(numBytes);
+    this.buf.copy(buf);
+    this.buf = buf;
+    this.maxSize = this.size = numBytes;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  BaseBuffer,
+  GrowableBuffer
+};