orcaq 1.0.26 → 1.0.28

package/.output/server/node_modules/ssh2/lib/protocol/SFTP.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4052 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const { constants } = fs;
+const {
+  Readable: ReadableStream,
+  Writable: WritableStream
+} = require('stream');
+const { inherits, types: { isDate } } = require('util');
+
+const FastBuffer = Buffer[Symbol.species];
+
+const {
+  bufferCopy,
+  bufferSlice,
+  makeBufferParser,
+  writeUInt32BE,
+} = require('./utils.js');
+
+const ATTR = {
+  SIZE: 0x00000001,
+  UIDGID: 0x00000002,
+  PERMISSIONS: 0x00000004,
+  ACMODTIME: 0x00000008,
+  EXTENDED: 0x80000000,
+};
+
+// Large enough to store all possible attributes
+const ATTRS_BUF = Buffer.alloc(28);
+
+const STATUS_CODE = {
+  OK: 0,
+  EOF: 1,
+  NO_SUCH_FILE: 2,
+  PERMISSION_DENIED: 3,
+  FAILURE: 4,
+  BAD_MESSAGE: 5,
+  NO_CONNECTION: 6,
+  CONNECTION_LOST: 7,
+  OP_UNSUPPORTED: 8
+};
+
+const VALID_STATUS_CODES = new Map(
+  Object.values(STATUS_CODE).map((n) => [n, 1])
+);
+
+const STATUS_CODE_STR = {
+  [STATUS_CODE.OK]: 'No error',
+  [STATUS_CODE.EOF]: 'End of file',
+  [STATUS_CODE.NO_SUCH_FILE]: 'No such file or directory',
+  [STATUS_CODE.PERMISSION_DENIED]: 'Permission denied',
+  [STATUS_CODE.FAILURE]: 'Failure',
+  [STATUS_CODE.BAD_MESSAGE]: 'Bad message',
+  [STATUS_CODE.NO_CONNECTION]: 'No connection',
+  [STATUS_CODE.CONNECTION_LOST]: 'Connection lost',
+  [STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED]: 'Operation unsupported',
+};
+
+const REQUEST = {
+  INIT: 1,
+  OPEN: 3,
+  CLOSE: 4,
+  READ: 5,
+  WRITE: 6,
+  LSTAT: 7,
+  FSTAT: 8,
+  SETSTAT: 9,
+  FSETSTAT: 10,
+  OPENDIR: 11,
+  READDIR: 12,
+  REMOVE: 13,
+  MKDIR: 14,
+  RMDIR: 15,
+  REALPATH: 16,
+  STAT: 17,
+  RENAME: 18,
+  READLINK: 19,
+  SYMLINK: 20,
+  EXTENDED: 200
+};
+
+const RESPONSE = {
+  VERSION: 2,
+  STATUS: 101,
+  HANDLE: 102,
+  DATA: 103,
+  NAME: 104,
+  ATTRS: 105,
+  EXTENDED: 201
+};
+
+const OPEN_MODE = {
+  READ: 0x00000001,
+  WRITE: 0x00000002,
+  APPEND: 0x00000004,
+  CREAT: 0x00000008,
+  TRUNC: 0x00000010,
+  EXCL: 0x00000020
+};
+
+const PKT_RW_OVERHEAD = 2 * 1024;
+const MAX_REQID = 2 ** 32 - 1;
+const CLIENT_VERSION_BUFFER = Buffer.from([
+  0, 0, 0, 5 /* length */,
+    REQUEST.INIT,
+    0, 0, 0, 3 /* version */
+]);
+const SERVER_VERSION_BUFFER = Buffer.from([
+  0, 0, 0, 5 /* length */,
+    RESPONSE.VERSION,
+    0, 0, 0, 3 /* version */
+]);
+
+const RE_OPENSSH = /^SSH-2.0-(?:OpenSSH|dropbear)/;
+const OPENSSH_MAX_PKT_LEN = 256 * 1024;
+
+const bufferParser = makeBufferParser();
+
+const fakeStderr = {
+  readable: false,
+  writable: false,
+  push: (data) => {},
+  once: () => {},
+  on: () => {},
+  emit: () => {},
+  end: () => {},
+};
+
+function noop() {}
+
+// Emulates enough of `Channel` to be able to be used as a drop-in replacement
+// in order to process incoming data with as little overhead as possible
+class SFTP extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor(client, chanInfo, cfg) {
+    super();
+
+    if (typeof cfg !== 'object' || !cfg)
+      cfg = {};
+
+    const remoteIdentRaw = client._protocol._remoteIdentRaw;
+
+    this.server = !!cfg.server;
+    this._debug = (typeof cfg.debug === 'function' ? cfg.debug : undefined);
+    this._isOpenSSH = (remoteIdentRaw && RE_OPENSSH.test(remoteIdentRaw));
+
+    this._version = -1;
+    this._extensions = {};
+    this._biOpt = cfg.biOpt;
+    this._pktLenBytes = 0;
+    this._pktLen = 0;
+    this._pktPos = 0;
+    this._pktType = 0;
+    this._pktData = undefined;
+    this._writeReqid = -1;
+    this._requests = {};
+    this._maxInPktLen = OPENSSH_MAX_PKT_LEN;
+    this._maxOutPktLen = 34000;
+    this._maxReadLen =
+      (this._isOpenSSH ? OPENSSH_MAX_PKT_LEN : 34000) - PKT_RW_OVERHEAD;
+    this._maxWriteLen =
+      (this._isOpenSSH ? OPENSSH_MAX_PKT_LEN : 34000) - PKT_RW_OVERHEAD;
+
+    this.maxOpenHandles = undefined;
+
+    // Channel compatibility
+    this._client = client;
+    this._protocol = client._protocol;
+    this._callbacks = [];
+    this._hasX11 = false;
+    this._exit = {
+      code: undefined,
+      signal: undefined,
+      dump: undefined,
+      desc: undefined,
+    };
+    this._waitWindow = false; // SSH-level backpressure
+    this._chunkcb = undefined;
+    this._buffer = [];
+    this.type = chanInfo.type;
+    this.subtype = undefined;
+    this.incoming = chanInfo.incoming;
+    this.outgoing = chanInfo.outgoing;
+    this.stderr = fakeStderr;
+    this.readable = true;
+  }
+
+  // This handles incoming data to parse
+  push(data) {
+    if (data === null) {
+      cleanupRequests(this);
+      if (!this.readable)
+        return;
+      // No more incoming data from the remote side
+      this.readable = false;
+      this.emit('end');
+      return;
+    }
+    /*
+        uint32             length
+        byte               type
+        byte[length - 1]   data payload
+    */
+    let p = 0;
+
+    while (p < data.length) {
+      if (this._pktLenBytes < 4) {
+        let nb = Math.min(4 - this._pktLenBytes, data.length - p);
+        this._pktLenBytes += nb;
+
+        while (nb--)
+          this._pktLen = (this._pktLen << 8) + data[p++];
+
+        if (this._pktLenBytes < 4)
+          return;
+        if (this._pktLen === 0)
+          return doFatalSFTPError(this, 'Invalid packet length');
+        if (this._pktLen > this._maxInPktLen) {
+          const max = this._maxInPktLen;
+          return doFatalSFTPError(
+            this,
+            `Packet length ${this._pktLen} exceeds max length of ${max}`
+          );
+        }
+        if (p >= data.length)
+          return;
+      }
+      if (this._pktPos < this._pktLen) {
+        const nb = Math.min(this._pktLen - this._pktPos, data.length - p);
+        if (p !== 0 || nb !== data.length) {
+          if (nb === this._pktLen) {
+            this._pkt = new FastBuffer(data.buffer, data.byteOffset + p, nb);
+          } else {
+            if (!this._pkt)
+              this._pkt = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this._pktLen);
+            this._pkt.set(
+              new Uint8Array(data.buffer, data.byteOffset + p, nb),
+              this._pktPos
+            );
+          }
+        } else if (nb === this._pktLen) {
+          this._pkt = data;
+        } else {
+          if (!this._pkt)
+            this._pkt = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this._pktLen);
+          this._pkt.set(data, this._pktPos);
+        }
+        p += nb;
+        this._pktPos += nb;
+        if (this._pktPos < this._pktLen)
+          return;
+      }
+
+      const type = this._pkt[0];
+      const payload = this._pkt;
+
+      // Prepare for next packet
+      this._pktLen = 0;
+      this._pktLenBytes = 0;
+      this._pkt = undefined;
+      this._pktPos = 0;
+
+      const handler = (this.server
+                       ? SERVER_HANDLERS[type]
+                       : CLIENT_HANDLERS[type]);
+      if (!handler)
+        return doFatalSFTPError(this, `Unknown packet type ${type}`);
+
+      if (this._version === -1) {
+        if (this.server) {
+          if (type !== REQUEST.INIT)
+            return doFatalSFTPError(this, `Expected INIT packet, got ${type}`);
+        } else if (type !== RESPONSE.VERSION) {
+          return doFatalSFTPError(this, `Expected VERSION packet, got ${type}`);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (handler(this, payload) === false)
+        return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  end() {
+    this.destroy();
+  }
+  destroy() {
+    if (this.outgoing.state === 'open' || this.outgoing.state === 'eof') {
+      this.outgoing.state = 'closing';
+      this._protocol.channelClose(this.outgoing.id);
+    }
+  }
+  _init() {
+    this._init = noop;
+    if (!this.server)
+      sendOrBuffer(this, CLIENT_VERSION_BUFFER);
+  }
+
+  // ===========================================================================
+  // Client-specific ===========================================================
+  // ===========================================================================
+  createReadStream(path, options) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    return new ReadStream(this, path, options);
+  }
+  createWriteStream(path, options) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    return new WriteStream(this, path, options);
+  }
+  open(path, flags_, attrs, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    if (typeof attrs === 'function') {
+      cb = attrs;
+      attrs = undefined;
+    }
+
+    const flags = (typeof flags_ === 'number' ? flags_ : stringToFlags(flags_));
+    if (flags === null)
+      throw new Error(`Unknown flags string: ${flags_}`);
+
+    let attrsFlags = 0;
+    let attrsLen = 0;
+    if (typeof attrs === 'string' || typeof attrs === 'number')
+      attrs = { mode: attrs };
+    if (typeof attrs === 'object' && attrs !== null) {
+      attrs = attrsToBytes(attrs);
+      attrsFlags = attrs.flags;
+      attrsLen = attrs.nb;
+    }
+
+    /*
+      uint32        id
+      string        filename
+      uint32        pflags
+      ATTRS         attrs
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen + 4 + 4 + attrsLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.OPEN;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, flags, p += pathLen);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, attrsFlags, p += 4);
+    if (attrsLen) {
+      p += 4;
+
+      if (attrsLen === ATTRS_BUF.length)
+        buf.set(ATTRS_BUF, p);
+      else
+        bufferCopy(ATTRS_BUF, buf, 0, attrsLen, p);
+
+      p += attrsLen;
+    }
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} OPEN`
+    );
+  }
+  close(handle, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     handle
+    */
+    const handleLen = handle.length;
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + handleLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.CLOSE;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, handleLen, p);
+    buf.set(handle, p += 4);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} CLOSE`
+    );
+  }
+  read(handle, buf, off, len, position, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf))
+      throw new Error('buffer is not a Buffer');
+    if (off >= buf.length)
+      throw new Error('offset is out of bounds');
+    if (off + len > buf.length)
+      throw new Error('length extends beyond buffer');
+    if (position === null)
+      throw new Error('null position currently unsupported');
+
+    read_(this, handle, buf, off, len, position, cb);
+  }
+  readData(handle, buf, off, len, position, cb) {
+    // Backwards compatibility
+    this.read(handle, buf, off, len, position, cb);
+  }
+  write(handle, buf, off, len, position, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf))
+      throw new Error('buffer is not a Buffer');
+    if (off > buf.length)
+      throw new Error('offset is out of bounds');
+    if (off + len > buf.length)
+      throw new Error('length extends beyond buffer');
+    if (position === null)
+      throw new Error('null position currently unsupported');
+
+    if (!len) {
+      cb && process.nextTick(cb, undefined, 0);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const maxDataLen = this._maxWriteLen;
+    const overflow = Math.max(len - maxDataLen, 0);
+    const origPosition = position;
+
+    if (overflow)
+      len = maxDataLen;
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     handle
+      uint64     offset
+      string     data
+    */
+    const handleLen = handle.length;
+    let p = 9;
+    const out = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + handleLen + 8 + 4 + len);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(out, out.length - 4, 0);
+    out[4] = REQUEST.WRITE;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(out, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(out, handleLen, p);
+    out.set(handle, p += 4);
+    p += handleLen;
+    for (let i = 7; i >= 0; --i) {
+      out[p + i] = position & 0xFF;
+      position /= 256;
+    }
+    writeUInt32BE(out, len, p += 8);
+    bufferCopy(buf, out, off, off + len, p += 4);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = {
+      cb: (err) => {
+        if (err) {
+          if (typeof cb === 'function')
+            cb(err);
+        } else if (overflow) {
+          this.write(handle,
+                     buf,
+                     off + len,
+                     overflow,
+                     origPosition + len,
+                     cb);
+        } else if (typeof cb === 'function') {
+          cb(undefined, off + len);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    const isSent = sendOrBuffer(this, out);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const how = (isSent ? 'Sent' : 'Buffered');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${how} WRITE (id:${reqid})`);
+    }
+  }
+  writeData(handle, buf, off, len, position, cb) {
+    // Backwards compatibility
+    this.write(handle, buf, off, len, position, cb);
+  }
+  fastGet(remotePath, localPath, opts, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    fastXfer(this, fs, remotePath, localPath, opts, cb);
+  }
+  fastPut(localPath, remotePath, opts, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    fastXfer(fs, this, localPath, remotePath, opts, cb);
+  }
+  readFile(path, options, callback_) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    let callback;
+    if (typeof callback_ === 'function') {
+      callback = callback_;
+    } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options === 'string')
+      options = { encoding: options, flag: 'r' };
+    else if (!options)
+      options = { encoding: null, flag: 'r' };
+    else if (typeof options !== 'object')
+      throw new TypeError('Bad arguments');
+
+    const encoding = options.encoding;
+    if (encoding && !Buffer.isEncoding(encoding))
+      throw new Error(`Unknown encoding: ${encoding}`);
+
+    // First stat the file, so we know the size.
+    let size;
+    let buffer; // Single buffer with file data
+    let buffers; // List for when size is unknown
+    let pos = 0;
+    let handle;
+
+    // SFTPv3 does not support using -1 for read position, so we have to track
+    // read position manually
+    let bytesRead = 0;
+
+    const flag = options.flag || 'r';
+
+    const read = () => {
+      if (size === 0) {
+        buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(8192);
+        this.read(handle, buffer, 0, 8192, bytesRead, afterRead);
+      } else {
+        this.read(handle, buffer, pos, size - pos, bytesRead, afterRead);
+      }
+    };
+
+    const afterRead = (er, nbytes) => {
+      let eof;
+      if (er) {
+        eof = (er.code === STATUS_CODE.EOF);
+        if (!eof) {
+          return this.close(handle, () => {
+            return callback && callback(er);
+          });
+        }
+      } else {
+        eof = false;
+      }
+
+      if (eof || (size === 0 && nbytes === 0))
+        return close();
+
+      bytesRead += nbytes;
+      pos += nbytes;
+      if (size !== 0) {
+        if (pos === size)
+          close();
+        else
+          read();
+      } else {
+        // Unknown size, just read until we don't get bytes.
+        buffers.push(bufferSlice(buffer, 0, nbytes));
+        read();
+      }
+    };
+    afterRead._wantEOFError = true;
+
+    const close = () => {
+      this.close(handle, (er) => {
+        if (size === 0) {
+          // Collect the data into the buffers list.
+          buffer = Buffer.concat(buffers, pos);
+        } else if (pos < size) {
+          buffer = bufferSlice(buffer, 0, pos);
+        }
+
+        if (encoding)
+          buffer = buffer.toString(encoding);
+        return callback && callback(er, buffer);
+      });
+    };
+
+    this.open(path, flag, 0o666, (er, handle_) => {
+      if (er)
+        return callback && callback(er);
+      handle = handle_;
+
+      const tryStat = (er, st) => {
+        if (er) {
+          // Try stat() for sftp servers that may not support fstat() for
+          // whatever reason
+          this.stat(path, (er_, st_) => {
+            if (er_) {
+              return this.close(handle, () => {
+                callback && callback(er);
+              });
+            }
+            tryStat(null, st_);
+          });
+          return;
+        }
+
+        size = st.size || 0;
+        if (size === 0) {
+          // The kernel lies about many files.
+          // Go ahead and try to read some bytes.
+          buffers = [];
+          return read();
+        }
+
+        buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(size);
+        read();
+      };
+      this.fstat(handle, tryStat);
+    });
+  }
+  writeFile(path, data, options, callback_) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    let callback;
+    if (typeof callback_ === 'function') {
+      callback = callback_;
+    } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options === 'string')
+      options = { encoding: options, mode: 0o666, flag: 'w' };
+    else if (!options)
+      options = { encoding: 'utf8', mode: 0o666, flag: 'w' };
+    else if (typeof options !== 'object')
+      throw new TypeError('Bad arguments');
+
+    if (options.encoding && !Buffer.isEncoding(options.encoding))
+      throw new Error(`Unknown encoding: ${options.encoding}`);
+
+    const flag = options.flag || 'w';
+    this.open(path, flag, options.mode, (openErr, handle) => {
+      if (openErr) {
+        callback && callback(openErr);
+      } else {
+        const buffer = (Buffer.isBuffer(data)
+                        ? data
+                        : Buffer.from('' + data, options.encoding || 'utf8'));
+        const position = (/a/.test(flag) ? null : 0);
+
+        // SFTPv3 does not support the notion of 'current position'
+        // (null position), so we just attempt to append to the end of the file
+        // instead
+        if (position === null) {
+          const tryStat = (er, st) => {
+            if (er) {
+              // Try stat() for sftp servers that may not support fstat() for
+              // whatever reason
+              this.stat(path, (er_, st_) => {
+                if (er_) {
+                  return this.close(handle, () => {
+                    callback && callback(er);
+                  });
+                }
+                tryStat(null, st_);
+              });
+              return;
+            }
+            writeAll(this, handle, buffer, 0, buffer.length, st.size, callback);
+          };
+          this.fstat(handle, tryStat);
+          return;
+        }
+        writeAll(this, handle, buffer, 0, buffer.length, position, callback);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  appendFile(path, data, options, callback_) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    let callback;
+    if (typeof callback_ === 'function') {
+      callback = callback_;
+    } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options === 'string')
+      options = { encoding: options, mode: 0o666, flag: 'a' };
+    else if (!options)
+      options = { encoding: 'utf8', mode: 0o666, flag: 'a' };
+    else if (typeof options !== 'object')
+      throw new TypeError('Bad arguments');
+
+    if (!options.flag)
+      options = Object.assign({ flag: 'a' }, options);
+    this.writeFile(path, data, options, callback);
+  }
+  exists(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    this.stat(path, (err) => {
+      cb && cb(err ? false : true);
+    });
+  }
+  unlink(filename, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     filename
+    */
+    const fnameLen = Buffer.byteLength(filename);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + fnameLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.REMOVE;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, fnameLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(filename, p += 4, fnameLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} REMOVE`
+    );
+  }
+  rename(oldPath, newPath, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     oldpath
+      string     newpath
+    */
+    const oldLen = Buffer.byteLength(oldPath);
+    const newLen = Buffer.byteLength(newPath);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + oldLen + 4 + newLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.RENAME;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, oldLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(oldPath, p += 4, oldLen);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, newLen, p += oldLen);
+    buf.utf8Write(newPath, p += 4, newLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} RENAME`
+    );
+  }
+  mkdir(path, attrs, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    let flags = 0;
+    let attrsLen = 0;
+
+    if (typeof attrs === 'function') {
+      cb = attrs;
+      attrs = undefined;
+    }
+    if (typeof attrs === 'object' && attrs !== null) {
+      attrs = attrsToBytes(attrs);
+      flags = attrs.flags;
+      attrsLen = attrs.nb;
+    }
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+      ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen + 4 + attrsLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.MKDIR;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, flags, p += pathLen);
+    if (attrsLen) {
+      p += 4;
+
+      if (attrsLen === ATTRS_BUF.length)
+        buf.set(ATTRS_BUF, p);
+      else
+        bufferCopy(ATTRS_BUF, buf, 0, attrsLen, p);
+
+      p += attrsLen;
+    }
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} MKDIR`
+    );
+  }
+  rmdir(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.RMDIR;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} RMDIR`
+    );
+  }
+  readdir(where, opts, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    if (typeof opts === 'function') {
+      cb = opts;
+      opts = {};
+    }
+    if (typeof opts !== 'object' || opts === null)
+      opts = {};
+
+    const doFilter = (opts && opts.full ? false : true);
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(where) && typeof where !== 'string')
+      throw new Error('missing directory handle or path');
+
+    if (typeof where === 'string') {
+      const entries = [];
+      let e = 0;
+
+      const reread = (err, handle) => {
+        if (err)
+          return cb(err);
+
+        this.readdir(handle, opts, (err, list) => {
+          const eof = (err && err.code === STATUS_CODE.EOF);
+
+          if (err && !eof)
+            return this.close(handle, () => cb(err));
+
+          if (eof) {
+            return this.close(handle, (err) => {
+              if (err)
+                return cb(err);
+              cb(undefined, entries);
+            });
+          }
+
+          for (let i = 0; i < list.length; ++i, ++e)
+            entries[e] = list[i];
+
+          reread(undefined, handle);
+        });
+      };
+      return this.opendir(where, reread);
+    }
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     handle
+    */
+    const handleLen = where.length;
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + handleLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.READDIR;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, handleLen, p);
+    buf.set(where, p += 4);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = {
+      cb: (doFilter
+           ? (err, list) => {
+               if (typeof cb !== 'function')
+                 return;
+               if (err)
+                 return cb(err);
+
+               for (let i = list.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                 if (list[i].filename === '.' || list[i].filename === '..')
+                   list.splice(i, 1);
+               }
+
+               cb(undefined, list);
+             }
+           : cb)
+    };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} READDIR`
+    );
+  }
+  fstat(handle, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     handle
+    */
+    const handleLen = handle.length;
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + handleLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.FSTAT;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, handleLen, p);
+    buf.set(handle, p += 4);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} FSTAT`
+    );
+  }
+  stat(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.STAT;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} STAT`
+    );
+  }
+  lstat(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.LSTAT;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} LSTAT`
+    );
+  }
+  opendir(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.OPENDIR;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} OPENDIR`
+    );
+  }
+  setstat(path, attrs, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    let flags = 0;
+    let attrsLen = 0;
+
+    if (typeof attrs === 'object' && attrs !== null) {
+      attrs = attrsToBytes(attrs);
+      flags = attrs.flags;
+      attrsLen = attrs.nb;
+    } else if (typeof attrs === 'function') {
+      cb = attrs;
+    }
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+      ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen + 4 + attrsLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.SETSTAT;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, flags, p += pathLen);
+    if (attrsLen) {
+      p += 4;
+
+      if (attrsLen === ATTRS_BUF.length)
+        buf.set(ATTRS_BUF, p);
+      else
+        bufferCopy(ATTRS_BUF, buf, 0, attrsLen, p);
+
+      p += attrsLen;
+    }
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} SETSTAT`
+    );
+  }
+  fsetstat(handle, attrs, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    let flags = 0;
+    let attrsLen = 0;
+
+    if (typeof attrs === 'object' && attrs !== null) {
+      attrs = attrsToBytes(attrs);
+      flags = attrs.flags;
+      attrsLen = attrs.nb;
+    } else if (typeof attrs === 'function') {
+      cb = attrs;
+    }
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     handle
+      ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const handleLen = handle.length;
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + handleLen + 4 + attrsLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.FSETSTAT;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, handleLen, p);
+    buf.set(handle, p += 4);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, flags, p += handleLen);
+    if (attrsLen) {
+      p += 4;
+
+      if (attrsLen === ATTRS_BUF.length)
+        buf.set(ATTRS_BUF, p);
+      else
+        bufferCopy(ATTRS_BUF, buf, 0, attrsLen, p);
+
+      p += attrsLen;
+    }
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} FSETSTAT`
+    );
+  }
+  futimes(handle, atime, mtime, cb) {
+    return this.fsetstat(handle, {
+      atime: toUnixTimestamp(atime),
+      mtime: toUnixTimestamp(mtime)
+    }, cb);
+  }
+  utimes(path, atime, mtime, cb) {
+    return this.setstat(path, {
+      atime: toUnixTimestamp(atime),
+      mtime: toUnixTimestamp(mtime)
+    }, cb);
+  }
+  fchown(handle, uid, gid, cb) {
+    return this.fsetstat(handle, {
+      uid: uid,
+      gid: gid
+    }, cb);
+  }
+  chown(path, uid, gid, cb) {
+    return this.setstat(path, {
+      uid: uid,
+      gid: gid
+    }, cb);
+  }
+  fchmod(handle, mode, cb) {
+    return this.fsetstat(handle, {
+      mode: mode
+    }, cb);
+  }
+  chmod(path, mode, cb) {
+    return this.setstat(path, {
+      mode: mode
+    }, cb);
+  }
+  readlink(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.READLINK;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = {
+      cb: (err, names) => {
+        if (typeof cb !== 'function')
+          return;
+        if (err)
+          return cb(err);
+        if (!names || !names.length)
+          return cb(new Error('Response missing link info'));
+        cb(undefined, names[0].filename);
+      }
+    };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} READLINK`
+    );
+  }
+  symlink(targetPath, linkPath, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     linkpath
+      string     targetpath
+    */
+    const linkLen = Buffer.byteLength(linkPath);
+    const targetLen = Buffer.byteLength(targetPath);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + linkLen + 4 + targetLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.SYMLINK;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    if (this._isOpenSSH) {
+      // OpenSSH has linkpath and targetpath positions switched
+      writeUInt32BE(buf, targetLen, p);
+      buf.utf8Write(targetPath, p += 4, targetLen);
+      writeUInt32BE(buf, linkLen, p += targetLen);
+      buf.utf8Write(linkPath, p += 4, linkLen);
+    } else {
+      writeUInt32BE(buf, linkLen, p);
+      buf.utf8Write(linkPath, p += 4, linkLen);
+      writeUInt32BE(buf, targetLen, p += linkLen);
+      buf.utf8Write(targetPath, p += 4, targetLen);
+    }
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} SYMLINK`
+    );
+  }
+  realpath(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    /*
+      uint32     id
+      string     path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.REALPATH;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = {
+      cb: (err, names) => {
+        if (typeof cb !== 'function')
+          return;
+        if (err)
+          return cb(err);
+        if (!names || !names.length)
+          return cb(new Error('Response missing path info'));
+        cb(undefined, names[0].filename);
+      }
+    };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} REALPATH`
+    );
+  }
+  // extended requests
+  ext_openssh_rename(oldPath, newPath, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['posix-rename@openssh.com'];
+    if (!ext || ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "posix-rename@openssh.com"
+      string    oldpath
+      string    newpath
+    */
+    const oldLen = Buffer.byteLength(oldPath);
+    const newLen = Buffer.byteLength(newPath);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf =
+      Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 24 + 4 + oldLen + 4 + newLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 24, p);
+    buf.utf8Write('posix-rename@openssh.com', p += 4, 24);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, oldLen, p += 24);
+    buf.utf8Write(oldPath, p += 4, oldLen);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, newLen, p += oldLen);
+    buf.utf8Write(newPath, p += 4, newLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const which = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${which} posix-rename@openssh.com`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_openssh_statvfs(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['statvfs@openssh.com'];
+    if (!ext || ext !== '2')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "statvfs@openssh.com"
+      string    path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 19 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 19, p);
+    buf.utf8Write('statvfs@openssh.com', p += 4, 19);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p += 19);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { extended: 'statvfs@openssh.com', cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const which = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${which} statvfs@openssh.com`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_openssh_fstatvfs(handle, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['fstatvfs@openssh.com'];
+    if (!ext || ext !== '2')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "fstatvfs@openssh.com"
+      string    handle
+    */
+    const handleLen = handle.length;
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 20 + 4 + handleLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 20, p);
+    buf.utf8Write('fstatvfs@openssh.com', p += 4, 20);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, handleLen, p += 20);
+    buf.set(handle, p += 4);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { extended: 'fstatvfs@openssh.com', cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const which = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${which} fstatvfs@openssh.com`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_openssh_hardlink(oldPath, newPath, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['hardlink@openssh.com'];
+    if (ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "hardlink@openssh.com"
+      string    oldpath
+      string    newpath
+    */
+    const oldLen = Buffer.byteLength(oldPath);
+    const newLen = Buffer.byteLength(newPath);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf =
+      Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 20 + 4 + oldLen + 4 + newLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 20, p);
+    buf.utf8Write('hardlink@openssh.com', p += 4, 20);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, oldLen, p += 20);
+    buf.utf8Write(oldPath, p += 4, oldLen);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, newLen, p += oldLen);
+    buf.utf8Write(newPath, p += 4, newLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const which = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${which} hardlink@openssh.com`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_openssh_fsync(handle, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['fsync@openssh.com'];
+    if (ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "fsync@openssh.com"
+      string    handle
+    */
+    const handleLen = handle.length;
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 17 + 4 + handleLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 17, p);
+    buf.utf8Write('fsync@openssh.com', p += 4, 17);
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, handleLen, p += 17);
+    buf.set(handle, p += 4);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} fsync@openssh.com`
+    );
+  }
+  ext_openssh_lsetstat(path, attrs, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['lsetstat@openssh.com'];
+    if (ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    let flags = 0;
+    let attrsLen = 0;
+
+    if (typeof attrs === 'object' && attrs !== null) {
+      attrs = attrsToBytes(attrs);
+      flags = attrs.flags;
+      attrsLen = attrs.nb;
+    } else if (typeof attrs === 'function') {
+      cb = attrs;
+    }
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "lsetstat@openssh.com"
+      string    path
+      ATTRS     attrs
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf =
+      Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 20 + 4 + pathLen + 4 + attrsLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 20, p);
+    buf.utf8Write('lsetstat@openssh.com', p += 4, 20);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p += 20);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, flags, p += pathLen);
+    if (attrsLen) {
+      p += 4;
+
+      if (attrsLen === ATTRS_BUF.length)
+        buf.set(ATTRS_BUF, p);
+      else
+        bufferCopy(ATTRS_BUF, buf, 0, attrsLen, p);
+
+      p += attrsLen;
+    }
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const status = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${status} lsetstat@openssh.com`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_openssh_expandPath(path, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['expand-path@openssh.com'];
+    if (ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "expand-path@openssh.com"
+      string    path
+    */
+    const pathLen = Buffer.byteLength(path);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 23 + 4 + pathLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 23, p);
+    buf.utf8Write('expand-path@openssh.com', p += 4, 23);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, pathLen, p += 20);
+    buf.utf8Write(path, p += 4, pathLen);
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = {
+      cb: (err, names) => {
+        if (typeof cb !== 'function')
+          return;
+        if (err)
+          return cb(err);
+        if (!names || !names.length)
+          return cb(new Error('Response missing expanded path'));
+        cb(undefined, names[0].filename);
+      }
+    };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const status = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${status} expand-path@openssh.com`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_copy_data(srcHandle, srcOffset, len, dstHandle, dstOffset, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['copy-data'];
+    if (ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(srcHandle))
+      throw new Error('Source handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(dstHandle))
+      throw new Error('Destination handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "copy-data"
+      string    read-from-handle
+      uint64    read-from-offset
+      uint64    read-data-length
+      string    write-to-handle
+      uint64    write-to-offset
+    */
+    let p = 0;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(
+      4 + 1
+      + 4
+      + 4 + 9
+      + 4 + srcHandle.length
+      + 8
+      + 8
+      + 4 + dstHandle.length
+      + 8
+    );
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, p);
+    p += 4;
+
+    buf[p] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    ++p;
+
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, p);
+    p += 4;
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 9, p);
+    p += 4;
+    buf.utf8Write('copy-data', p, 9);
+    p += 9;
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, srcHandle.length, p);
+    p += 4;
+    buf.set(srcHandle, p);
+    p += srcHandle.length;
+
+    for (let i = 7; i >= 0; --i) {
+      buf[p + i] = srcOffset & 0xFF;
+      srcOffset /= 256;
+    }
+    p += 8;
+
+    for (let i = 7; i >= 0; --i) {
+      buf[p + i] = len & 0xFF;
+      len /= 256;
+    }
+    p += 8;
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, dstHandle.length, p);
+    p += 4;
+    buf.set(dstHandle, p);
+    p += dstHandle.length;
+
+    for (let i = 7; i >= 0; --i) {
+      buf[p + i] = dstOffset & 0xFF;
+      dstOffset /= 256;
+    }
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const status = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${status} copy-data`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_home_dir(username, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['home-directory'];
+    if (ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    if (typeof username !== 'string')
+      throw new TypeError('username is not a string');
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "home-directory"
+      string    username
+    */
+    let p = 0;
+    const usernameLen = Buffer.byteLength(username);
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(
+      4 + 1
+      + 4
+      + 4 + 14
+      + 4 + usernameLen
+    );
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, p);
+    p += 4;
+
+    buf[p] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    ++p;
+
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, p);
+    p += 4;
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 14, p);
+    p += 4;
+    buf.utf8Write('home-directory', p, 14);
+    p += 14;
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, usernameLen, p);
+    p += 4;
+    buf.utf8Write(username, p, usernameLen);
+    p += usernameLen;
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = {
+      cb: (err, names) => {
+        if (typeof cb !== 'function')
+          return;
+        if (err)
+          return cb(err);
+        if (!names || !names.length)
+          return cb(new Error('Response missing home directory'));
+        cb(undefined, names[0].filename);
+      }
+    };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const status = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${status} home-directory`);
+    }
+  }
+  ext_users_groups(uids, gids, cb) {
+    if (this.server)
+      throw new Error('Client-only method called in server mode');
+
+    const ext = this._extensions['users-groups-by-id@openssh.com'];
+    if (ext !== '1')
+      throw new Error('Server does not support this extended request');
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(uids))
+      throw new TypeError('uids is not an array');
+    for (const val of uids) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(val) || val < 0 || val > (2 ** 32 - 1))
+        throw new Error('uid values must all be 32-bit unsigned integers');
+    }
+    if (!Array.isArray(gids))
+      throw new TypeError('gids is not an array');
+    for (const val of gids) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(val) || val < 0 || val > (2 ** 32 - 1))
+        throw new Error('gid values must all be 32-bit unsigned integers');
+    }
+
+    /*
+      uint32    id
+      string    "users-groups-by-id@openssh.com"
+      string    uids
+        uint32    uid1
+        ...
+      string    gids
+        uint32    gid1
+        ...
+    */
+    let p = 0;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(
+      4 + 1
+      + 4
+      + 4 + 30
+      + 4 + (4 * uids.length)
+      + 4 + (4 * gids.length)
+    );
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, p);
+    p += 4;
+
+    buf[p] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+    ++p;
+
+    const reqid = this._writeReqid = (this._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, p);
+    p += 4;
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 30, p);
+    p += 4;
+    buf.utf8Write('users-groups-by-id@openssh.com', p, 30);
+    p += 30;
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 4 * uids.length, p);
+    p += 4;
+    for (const val of uids) {
+      writeUInt32BE(buf, val, p);
+      p += 4;
+    }
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 4 * gids.length, p);
+    p += 4;
+    for (const val of gids) {
+      writeUInt32BE(buf, val, p);
+      p += 4;
+    }
+
+    this._requests[reqid] = { extended: 'users-groups-by-id@openssh.com', cb };
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    if (this._debug) {
+      const status = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+      this._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${status} users-groups-by-id@openssh.com`);
+    }
+  }
+  // ===========================================================================
+  // Server-specific ===========================================================
+  // ===========================================================================
+  handle(reqid, handle) {
+    if (!this.server)
+      throw new Error('Server-only method called in client mode');
+
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(handle))
+      throw new Error('handle is not a Buffer');
+
+    const handleLen = handle.length;
+
+    if (handleLen > 256)
+      throw new Error('handle too large (> 256 bytes)');
+
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + handleLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = RESPONSE.HANDLE;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, handleLen, p);
+    if (handleLen)
+      buf.set(handle, p += 4);
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} HANDLE`
+    );
+  }
+  status(reqid, code, message) {
+    if (!this.server)
+      throw new Error('Server-only method called in client mode');
+
+    if (!VALID_STATUS_CODES.has(code))
+      throw new Error(`Bad status code: ${code}`);
+
+    message || (message = '');
+
+    const msgLen = Buffer.byteLength(message);
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 4 + msgLen + 4);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = RESPONSE.STATUS;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, code, p);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, msgLen, p += 4);
+    p += 4;
+    if (msgLen) {
+      buf.utf8Write(message, p, msgLen);
+      p += msgLen;
+    }
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, 0, p); // Empty language tag
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} STATUS`
+    );
+  }
+  data(reqid, data, encoding) {
+    if (!this.server)
+      throw new Error('Server-only method called in client mode');
+
+    const isBuffer = Buffer.isBuffer(data);
+
+    if (!isBuffer && typeof data !== 'string')
+      throw new Error('data is not a Buffer or string');
+
+    let isUTF8;
+    if (!isBuffer && !encoding) {
+      encoding = undefined;
+      isUTF8 = true;
+    }
+
+    const dataLen = (
+      isBuffer
+      ? data.length
+      : Buffer.byteLength(data, encoding)
+    );
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + dataLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = RESPONSE.DATA;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, dataLen, p);
+    if (dataLen) {
+      if (isBuffer)
+        buf.set(data, p += 4);
+      else if (isUTF8)
+        buf.utf8Write(data, p += 4, dataLen);
+      else
+        buf.write(data, p += 4, dataLen, encoding);
+    }
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} DATA`
+    );
+  }
+  name(reqid, names) {
+    if (!this.server)
+      throw new Error('Server-only method called in client mode');
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(names)) {
+      if (typeof names !== 'object' || names === null)
+        throw new Error('names is not an object or array');
+      names = [ names ];
+    }
+
+    const count = names.length;
+    let namesLen = 0;
+    let nameAttrs;
+    const attrs = [];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      const name = names[i];
+      const filename = (
+        !name || !name.filename || typeof name.filename !== 'string'
+        ? ''
+        : name.filename
+      );
+      namesLen += 4 + Buffer.byteLength(filename);
+      const longname = (
+        !name || !name.longname || typeof name.longname !== 'string'
+        ? ''
+        : name.longname
+      );
+      namesLen += 4 + Buffer.byteLength(longname);
+
+      if (typeof name.attrs === 'object' && name.attrs !== null) {
+        nameAttrs = attrsToBytes(name.attrs);
+        namesLen += 4 + nameAttrs.nb;
+
+        if (nameAttrs.nb) {
+          let bytes;
+
+          if (nameAttrs.nb === ATTRS_BUF.length) {
+            bytes = new Uint8Array(ATTRS_BUF);
+          } else {
+            bytes = new Uint8Array(nameAttrs.nb);
+            bufferCopy(ATTRS_BUF, bytes, 0, nameAttrs.nb, 0);
+          }
+
+          nameAttrs.bytes = bytes;
+        }
+
+        attrs.push(nameAttrs);
+      } else {
+        namesLen += 4;
+        attrs.push(null);
+      }
+    }
+
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + namesLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = RESPONSE.NAME;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, count, p);
+
+    p += 4;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      const name = names[i];
+
+      {
+        const filename = (
+          !name || !name.filename || typeof name.filename !== 'string'
+          ? ''
+          : name.filename
+        );
+        const len = Buffer.byteLength(filename);
+        writeUInt32BE(buf, len, p);
+        p += 4;
+        if (len) {
+          buf.utf8Write(filename, p, len);
+          p += len;
+        }
+      }
+
+      {
+        const longname = (
+          !name || !name.longname || typeof name.longname !== 'string'
+          ? ''
+          : name.longname
+        );
+        const len = Buffer.byteLength(longname);
+        writeUInt32BE(buf, len, p);
+        p += 4;
+        if (len) {
+          buf.utf8Write(longname, p, len);
+          p += len;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const attr = attrs[i];
+      if (attr) {
+        writeUInt32BE(buf, attr.flags, p);
+        p += 4;
+        if (attr.flags && attr.bytes) {
+          buf.set(attr.bytes, p);
+          p += attr.nb;
+        }
+      } else {
+        writeUInt32BE(buf, 0, p);
+        p += 4;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} NAME`
+    );
+  }
+  attrs(reqid, attrs) {
+    if (!this.server)
+      throw new Error('Server-only method called in client mode');
+
+    if (typeof attrs !== 'object' || attrs === null)
+      throw new Error('attrs is not an object');
+
+    attrs = attrsToBytes(attrs);
+    const flags = attrs.flags;
+    const attrsLen = attrs.nb;
+    let p = 9;
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + attrsLen);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+    buf[4] = RESPONSE.ATTRS;
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+    writeUInt32BE(buf, flags, p);
+    if (attrsLen) {
+      p += 4;
+
+      if (attrsLen === ATTRS_BUF.length)
+        buf.set(ATTRS_BUF, p);
+      else
+        bufferCopy(ATTRS_BUF, buf, 0, attrsLen, p);
+
+      p += attrsLen;
+    }
+
+    const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(this, buf);
+    this._debug && this._debug(
+      `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} ATTRS`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+function tryCreateBuffer(size) {
+  try {
+    return Buffer.allocUnsafe(size);
+  } catch (ex) {
+    return ex;
+  }
+}
+
+function read_(self, handle, buf, off, len, position, cb, req_) {
+  const maxDataLen = self._maxReadLen;
+  const overflow = Math.max(len - maxDataLen, 0);
+
+  if (overflow)
+    len = maxDataLen;
+
+  /*
+    uint32     id
+    string     handle
+    uint64     offset
+    uint32     len
+  */
+  const handleLen = handle.length;
+  let p = 9;
+  let pos = position;
+  const out = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + handleLen + 8 + 4);
+
+  writeUInt32BE(out, out.length - 4, 0);
+  out[4] = REQUEST.READ;
+  const reqid = self._writeReqid = (self._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+  writeUInt32BE(out, reqid, 5);
+
+  writeUInt32BE(out, handleLen, p);
+  out.set(handle, p += 4);
+  p += handleLen;
+  for (let i = 7; i >= 0; --i) {
+    out[p + i] = pos & 0xFF;
+    pos /= 256;
+  }
+  writeUInt32BE(out, len, p += 8);
+
+  if (typeof cb !== 'function')
+    cb = noop;
+
+  const req = (req_ || {
+    nb: 0,
+    position,
+    off,
+    origOff: off,
+    len: undefined,
+    overflow: undefined,
+    cb: (err, data, nb) => {
+      const len = req.len;
+      const overflow = req.overflow;
+
+      if (err) {
+        if (cb._wantEOFError || err.code !== STATUS_CODE.EOF)
+          return cb(err);
+      } else if (nb > len) {
+        return cb(new Error('Received more data than requested'));
+      } else if (nb === len && overflow) {
+        req.nb += nb;
+        req.position += nb;
+        req.off += nb;
+        read_(self, handle, buf, req.off, overflow, req.position, cb, req);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      nb = (nb || 0);
+      if (req.origOff === 0 && buf.length === req.nb)
+        data = buf;
+      else
+        data = bufferSlice(buf, req.origOff, req.origOff + req.nb + nb);
+      cb(undefined, req.nb + nb, data, req.position);
+    },
+    buffer: undefined,
+  });
+
+  req.len = len;
+  req.overflow = overflow;
+
+  // TODO: avoid creating multiple buffer slices when we need to re-call read_()
+  // because of overflow
+  req.buffer = bufferSlice(buf, off, off + len);
+
+  self._requests[reqid] = req;
+
+  const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(self, out);
+  self._debug && self._debug(
+    `SFTP: Outbound: ${isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending'} READ`
+  );
+}
+
+function fastXfer(src, dst, srcPath, dstPath, opts, cb) {
+  let concurrency = 64;
+  let chunkSize = 32768;
+  let onstep;
+  let mode;
+  let fileSize;
+
+  if (typeof opts === 'function') {
+    cb = opts;
+  } else if (typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null) {
+    if (typeof opts.concurrency === 'number'
+        && opts.concurrency > 0
+        && !isNaN(opts.concurrency)) {
+      concurrency = opts.concurrency;
+    }
+    if (typeof opts.chunkSize === 'number'
+        && opts.chunkSize > 0
+        && !isNaN(opts.chunkSize)) {
+      chunkSize = opts.chunkSize;
+    }
+    if (typeof opts.fileSize === 'number'
+        && opts.fileSize > 0
+        && !isNaN(opts.fileSize)) {
+      fileSize = opts.fileSize;
+    }
+    if (typeof opts.step === 'function')
+      onstep = opts.step;
+
+    if (typeof opts.mode === 'string' || typeof opts.mode === 'number')
+      mode = modeNum(opts.mode);
+  }
+
+  // Internal state variables
+  let fsize;
+  let pdst = 0;
+  let total = 0;
+  let hadError = false;
+  let srcHandle;
+  let dstHandle;
+  let readbuf;
+  let bufsize = chunkSize * concurrency;
+
+  function onerror(err) {
+    if (hadError)
+      return;
+
+    hadError = true;
+
+    let left = 0;
+    let cbfinal;
+
+    if (srcHandle || dstHandle) {
+      cbfinal = () => {
+        if (--left === 0)
+          cb(err);
+      };
+      if (srcHandle && (src === fs || src.outgoing.state === 'open'))
+        ++left;
+      if (dstHandle && (dst === fs || dst.outgoing.state === 'open'))
+        ++left;
+      if (srcHandle && (src === fs || src.outgoing.state === 'open'))
+        src.close(srcHandle, cbfinal);
+      if (dstHandle && (dst === fs || dst.outgoing.state === 'open'))
+        dst.close(dstHandle, cbfinal);
+    } else {
+      cb(err);
+    }
+  }
+
+  src.open(srcPath, 'r', (err, sourceHandle) => {
+    if (err)
+      return onerror(err);
+
+    srcHandle = sourceHandle;
+
+    if (fileSize === undefined)
+      src.fstat(srcHandle, tryStat);
+    else
+      tryStat(null, { size: fileSize });
+
+    function tryStat(err, attrs) {
+      if (err) {
+        if (src !== fs) {
+          // Try stat() for sftp servers that may not support fstat() for
+          // whatever reason
+          src.stat(srcPath, (err_, attrs_) => {
+            if (err_)
+              return onerror(err);
+            tryStat(null, attrs_);
+          });
+          return;
+        }
+        return onerror(err);
+      }
+      fsize = attrs.size;
+
+      dst.open(dstPath, 'w', (err, destHandle) => {
+        if (err)
+          return onerror(err);
+
+        dstHandle = destHandle;
+
+        if (fsize <= 0)
+          return onerror();
+
+        // Use less memory where possible
+        while (bufsize > fsize) {
+          if (concurrency === 1) {
+            bufsize = fsize;
+            break;
+          }
+          bufsize -= chunkSize;
+          --concurrency;
+        }
+
+        readbuf = tryCreateBuffer(bufsize);
+        if (readbuf instanceof Error)
+          return onerror(readbuf);
+
+        if (mode !== undefined) {
+          dst.fchmod(dstHandle, mode, function tryAgain(err) {
+            if (err) {
+              // Try chmod() for sftp servers that may not support fchmod()
+              // for whatever reason
+              dst.chmod(dstPath, mode, (err_) => tryAgain());
+              return;
+            }
+            startReads();
+          });
+        } else {
+          startReads();
+        }
+
+        function onread(err, nb, data, dstpos, datapos, origChunkLen) {
+          if (err)
+            return onerror(err);
+
+          datapos = datapos || 0;
+
+          dst.write(dstHandle, readbuf, datapos, nb, dstpos, writeCb);
+
+          function writeCb(err) {
+            if (err)
+              return onerror(err);
+
+            total += nb;
+            onstep && onstep(total, nb, fsize);
+
+            if (nb < origChunkLen)
+              return singleRead(datapos, dstpos + nb, origChunkLen - nb);
+
+            if (total === fsize) {
+              dst.close(dstHandle, (err) => {
+                dstHandle = undefined;
+                if (err)
+                  return onerror(err);
+                src.close(srcHandle, (err) => {
+                  srcHandle = undefined;
+                  if (err)
+                    return onerror(err);
+                  cb();
+                });
+              });
+              return;
+            }
+
+            if (pdst >= fsize)
+              return;
+
+            const chunk =
+              (pdst + chunkSize > fsize ? fsize - pdst : chunkSize);
+            singleRead(datapos, pdst, chunk);
+            pdst += chunk;
+          }
+        }
+
+        function makeCb(psrc, pdst, chunk) {
+          return (err, nb, data) => {
+            onread(err, nb, data, pdst, psrc, chunk);
+          };
+        }
+
+        function singleRead(psrc, pdst, chunk) {
+          src.read(srcHandle,
+                   readbuf,
+                   psrc,
+                   chunk,
+                   pdst,
+                   makeCb(psrc, pdst, chunk));
+        }
+
+        function startReads() {
+          let reads = 0;
+          let psrc = 0;
+          while (pdst < fsize && reads < concurrency) {
+            const chunk =
+              (pdst + chunkSize > fsize ? fsize - pdst : chunkSize);
+            singleRead(psrc, pdst, chunk);
+            psrc += chunk;
+            pdst += chunk;
+            ++reads;
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function writeAll(sftp, handle, buffer, offset, length, position, callback_) {
+  const callback = (typeof callback_ === 'function' ? callback_ : undefined);
+
+  sftp.write(handle,
+             buffer,
+             offset,
+             length,
+             position,
+             (writeErr, written) => {
+    if (writeErr) {
+      return sftp.close(handle, () => {
+        callback && callback(writeErr);
+      });
+    }
+    if (written === length) {
+      sftp.close(handle, callback);
+    } else {
+      offset += written;
+      length -= written;
+      position += written;
+      writeAll(sftp, handle, buffer, offset, length, position, callback);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+class Stats {
+  constructor(initial) {
+    this.mode = (initial && initial.mode);
+    this.uid = (initial && initial.uid);
+    this.gid = (initial && initial.gid);
+    this.size = (initial && initial.size);
+    this.atime = (initial && initial.atime);
+    this.mtime = (initial && initial.mtime);
+    this.extended = (initial && initial.extended);
+  }
+  isDirectory() {
+    return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === constants.S_IFDIR);
+  }
+  isFile() {
+    return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === constants.S_IFREG);
+  }
+  isBlockDevice() {
+    return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === constants.S_IFBLK);
+  }
+  isCharacterDevice() {
+    return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === constants.S_IFCHR);
+  }
+  isSymbolicLink() {
+    return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === constants.S_IFLNK);
+  }
+  isFIFO() {
+    return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === constants.S_IFIFO);
+  }
+  isSocket() {
+    return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === constants.S_IFSOCK);
+  }
+}
+
+function attrsToBytes(attrs) {
+  let flags = 0;
+  let nb = 0;
+
+  if (typeof attrs === 'object' && attrs !== null) {
+    if (typeof attrs.size === 'number') {
+      flags |= ATTR.SIZE;
+      const val = attrs.size;
+      // Big Endian
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val / 72057594037927940; // 2**56
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val / 281474976710656; // 2**48
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val / 1099511627776; // 2**40
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val / 4294967296; // 2**32
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val / 16777216; // 2**24
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val / 65536; // 2**16
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val / 256; // 2**8
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = val;
+    }
+    if (typeof attrs.uid === 'number' && typeof attrs.gid === 'number') {
+      flags |= ATTR.UIDGID;
+      const uid = attrs.uid;
+      const gid = attrs.gid;
+      // Big Endian
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = uid >>> 24;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = uid >>> 16;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = uid >>> 8;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = uid;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = gid >>> 24;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = gid >>> 16;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = gid >>> 8;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = gid;
+    }
+    if (typeof attrs.mode === 'number' || typeof attrs.mode === 'string') {
+      const mode = modeNum(attrs.mode);
+      flags |= ATTR.PERMISSIONS;
+      // Big Endian
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mode >>> 24;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mode >>> 16;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mode >>> 8;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mode;
+    }
+    if ((typeof attrs.atime === 'number' || isDate(attrs.atime))
+        && (typeof attrs.mtime === 'number' || isDate(attrs.mtime))) {
+      const atime = toUnixTimestamp(attrs.atime);
+      const mtime = toUnixTimestamp(attrs.mtime);
+
+      flags |= ATTR.ACMODTIME;
+      // Big Endian
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = atime >>> 24;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = atime >>> 16;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = atime >>> 8;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = atime;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mtime >>> 24;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mtime >>> 16;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mtime >>> 8;
+      ATTRS_BUF[nb++] = mtime;
+    }
+    // TODO: extended attributes
+  }
+
+  return { flags, nb };
+}
+
+function toUnixTimestamp(time) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+  if (typeof time === 'number' && time === time) // Valid, non-NaN number
+    return time;
+  if (isDate(time))
+    return parseInt(time.getTime() / 1000, 10);
+  throw new Error(`Cannot parse time: ${time}`);
+}
+
+function modeNum(mode) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+  if (typeof mode === 'number' && mode === mode) // Valid, non-NaN number
+    return mode;
+  if (typeof mode === 'string')
+    return modeNum(parseInt(mode, 8));
+  throw new Error(`Cannot parse mode: ${mode}`);
+}
+
+const stringFlagMap = {
+  'r': OPEN_MODE.READ,
+  'r+': OPEN_MODE.READ | OPEN_MODE.WRITE,
+  'w': OPEN_MODE.TRUNC | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.WRITE,
+  'wx': OPEN_MODE.TRUNC | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.WRITE | OPEN_MODE.EXCL,
+  'xw': OPEN_MODE.TRUNC | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.WRITE | OPEN_MODE.EXCL,
+  'w+': OPEN_MODE.TRUNC | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.READ | OPEN_MODE.WRITE,
+  'wx+': OPEN_MODE.TRUNC | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.READ | OPEN_MODE.WRITE
+         | OPEN_MODE.EXCL,
+  'xw+': OPEN_MODE.TRUNC | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.READ | OPEN_MODE.WRITE
+         | OPEN_MODE.EXCL,
+  'a': OPEN_MODE.APPEND | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.WRITE,
+  'ax': OPEN_MODE.APPEND | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.WRITE | OPEN_MODE.EXCL,
+  'xa': OPEN_MODE.APPEND | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.WRITE | OPEN_MODE.EXCL,
+  'a+': OPEN_MODE.APPEND | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.READ | OPEN_MODE.WRITE,
+  'ax+': OPEN_MODE.APPEND | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.READ | OPEN_MODE.WRITE
+         | OPEN_MODE.EXCL,
+  'xa+': OPEN_MODE.APPEND | OPEN_MODE.CREAT | OPEN_MODE.READ | OPEN_MODE.WRITE
+         | OPEN_MODE.EXCL
+};
+
+function stringToFlags(str) {
+  const flags = stringFlagMap[str];
+  return (flags !== undefined ? flags : null);
+}
+
+const flagsToString = (() => {
+  const stringFlagMapKeys = Object.keys(stringFlagMap);
+  return (flags) => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < stringFlagMapKeys.length; ++i) {
+      const key = stringFlagMapKeys[i];
+      if (stringFlagMap[key] === flags)
+        return key;
+    }
+    return null;
+  };
+})();
+
+function readAttrs(biOpt) {
+  /*
+    uint32   flags
+    uint64   size           present only if flag SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_SIZE
+    uint32   uid            present only if flag SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_UIDGID
+    uint32   gid            present only if flag SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_UIDGID
+    uint32   permissions    present only if flag SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_PERMISSIONS
+    uint32   atime          present only if flag SSH_FILEXFER_ACMODTIME
+    uint32   mtime          present only if flag SSH_FILEXFER_ACMODTIME
+    uint32   extended_count present only if flag SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_EXTENDED
+    string   extended_type
+    string   extended_data
+    ...      more extended data (extended_type - extended_data pairs),
+               so that number of pairs equals extended_count
+  */
+  const flags = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+  if (flags === undefined)
+    return;
+
+  const attrs = new Stats();
+  if (flags & ATTR.SIZE) {
+    const size = bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt);
+    if (size === undefined)
+      return;
+    attrs.size = size;
+  }
+
+  if (flags & ATTR.UIDGID) {
+    const uid = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    const gid = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    if (gid === undefined)
+      return;
+    attrs.uid = uid;
+    attrs.gid = gid;
+  }
+
+  if (flags & ATTR.PERMISSIONS) {
+    const mode = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    if (mode === undefined)
+      return;
+    attrs.mode = mode;
+  }
+
+  if (flags & ATTR.ACMODTIME) {
+    const atime = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    const mtime = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    if (mtime === undefined)
+      return;
+    attrs.atime = atime;
+    attrs.mtime = mtime;
+  }
+
+  if (flags & ATTR.EXTENDED) {
+    const count = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    if (count === undefined)
+      return;
+    const extended = {};
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      const type = bufferParser.readString(true);
+      const data = bufferParser.readString();
+      if (data === undefined)
+        return;
+      extended[type] = data;
+    }
+    attrs.extended = extended;
+  }
+
+  return attrs;
+}
+
+function sendOrBuffer(sftp, payload) {
+  const ret = tryWritePayload(sftp, payload);
+  if (ret !== undefined) {
+    sftp._buffer.push(ret);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+function tryWritePayload(sftp, payload) {
+  const outgoing = sftp.outgoing;
+  if (outgoing.state !== 'open')
+    return;
+
+  if (outgoing.window === 0) {
+    sftp._waitWindow = true;
+    sftp._chunkcb = drainBuffer;
+    return payload;
+  }
+
+  let ret;
+  const len = payload.length;
+  let p = 0;
+
+  while (len - p > 0 && outgoing.window > 0) {
+    const actualLen = Math.min(len - p, outgoing.window, outgoing.packetSize);
+    outgoing.window -= actualLen;
+    if (outgoing.window === 0) {
+      sftp._waitWindow = true;
+      sftp._chunkcb = drainBuffer;
+    }
+
+    if (p === 0 && actualLen === len) {
+      sftp._protocol.channelData(sftp.outgoing.id, payload);
+    } else {
+      sftp._protocol.channelData(sftp.outgoing.id,
+                                 bufferSlice(payload, p, p + actualLen));
+    }
+
+    p += actualLen;
+  }
+
+  if (len - p > 0) {
+    if (p > 0)
+      ret = bufferSlice(payload, p, len);
+    else
+      ret = payload; // XXX: should never get here?
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+function drainBuffer() {
+  this._chunkcb = undefined;
+  const buffer = this._buffer;
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < buffer.length) {
+    const payload = buffer[i];
+    const ret = tryWritePayload(this, payload);
+    if (ret !== undefined) {
+      if (ret !== payload)
+        buffer[i] = ret;
+      if (i > 0)
+        this._buffer = buffer.slice(i);
+      return;
+    }
+    ++i;
+  }
+  if (i > 0)
+    this._buffer = [];
+}
+
+function doFatalSFTPError(sftp, msg, noDebug) {
+  const err = new Error(msg);
+  err.level = 'sftp-protocol';
+  if (!noDebug && sftp._debug)
+    sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: ${msg}`);
+  sftp.emit('error', err);
+  sftp.destroy();
+  cleanupRequests(sftp);
+  return false;
+}
+
+function cleanupRequests(sftp) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(sftp._requests);
+  if (keys.length === 0)
+    return;
+
+  const reqs = sftp._requests;
+  sftp._requests = {};
+  const err = new Error('No response from server');
+  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+    const req = reqs[keys[i]];
+    if (typeof req.cb === 'function')
+      req.cb(err);
+  }
+}
+
+function requestLimits(sftp, cb) {
+  /*
+    uint32    id
+    string    "limits@openssh.com"
+  */
+  let p = 9;
+  const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 18);
+
+  writeUInt32BE(buf, buf.length - 4, 0);
+  buf[4] = REQUEST.EXTENDED;
+  const reqid = sftp._writeReqid = (sftp._writeReqid + 1) & MAX_REQID;
+  writeUInt32BE(buf, reqid, 5);
+
+  writeUInt32BE(buf, 18, p);
+  buf.utf8Write('limits@openssh.com', p += 4, 18);
+
+  sftp._requests[reqid] = { extended: 'limits@openssh.com', cb };
+
+  const isBuffered = sendOrBuffer(sftp, buf);
+  if (sftp._debug) {
+    const which = (isBuffered ? 'Buffered' : 'Sending');
+    sftp._debug(`SFTP: Outbound: ${which} limits@openssh.com`);
+  }
+}
+
+const CLIENT_HANDLERS = {
+  [RESPONSE.VERSION]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    if (sftp._version !== -1)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Duplicate VERSION packet');
+
+    const extensions = {};
+
+    /*
+      uint32 version
+      <extension data>
+    */
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    let version = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    while (bufferParser.avail()) {
+      const extName = bufferParser.readString(true);
+      const extData = bufferParser.readString(true);
+      if (extData === undefined) {
+        version = undefined;
+        break;
+      }
+      extensions[extName] = extData;
+    }
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (version === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed VERSION packet');
+
+    if (sftp._debug) {
+      const names = Object.keys(extensions);
+      if (names.length) {
+        sftp._debug(
+          `SFTP: Inbound: Received VERSION (v${version}, exts:${names})`
+        );
+      } else {
+        sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received VERSION (v${version})`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    sftp._version = version;
+    sftp._extensions = extensions;
+
+    if (extensions['limits@openssh.com'] === '1') {
+      return requestLimits(sftp, (err, limits) => {
+        if (!err) {
+          if (limits.maxPktLen > 0)
+            sftp._maxOutPktLen = limits.maxPktLen;
+          if (limits.maxReadLen > 0)
+            sftp._maxReadLen = limits.maxReadLen;
+          if (limits.maxWriteLen > 0)
+            sftp._maxWriteLen = limits.maxWriteLen;
+          sftp.maxOpenHandles = (
+            limits.maxOpenHandles > 0 ? limits.maxOpenHandles : Infinity
+          );
+        }
+        sftp.emit('ready');
+      });
+    }
+
+    sftp.emit('ready');
+  },
+  [RESPONSE.STATUS]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      uint32     error/status code
+      string     error message (ISO-10646 UTF-8)
+      string     language tag
+    */
+    const errorCode = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    const errorMsg = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    // Note: we avoid checking that the error message and language tag are in
+    // the packet because there are some broken implementations that incorrectly
+    // omit them. The language tag in general was never really used amongst ssh
+    // implementations, so in the case of a missing error message we just
+    // default to something sensible.
+
+    if (sftp._debug) {
+      const jsonMsg = JSON.stringify(errorMsg);
+      sftp._debug(
+        `SFTP: Inbound: Received STATUS (id:${reqID}, ${errorCode}, ${jsonMsg})`
+      );
+    }
+    const req = sftp._requests[reqID];
+    delete sftp._requests[reqID];
+    if (req && typeof req.cb === 'function') {
+      if (errorCode === STATUS_CODE.OK) {
+        req.cb();
+        return;
+      }
+      const err = new Error(errorMsg
+                            || STATUS_CODE_STR[errorCode]
+                            || 'Unknown status');
+      err.code = errorCode;
+      req.cb(err);
+    }
+  },
+  [RESPONSE.HANDLE]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     handle
+    */
+    const handle = bufferParser.readString();
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (handle === undefined) {
+      if (reqID !== undefined)
+        delete sftp._requests[reqID];
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed HANDLE packet');
+    }
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received HANDLE (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    const req = sftp._requests[reqID];
+    delete sftp._requests[reqID];
+    if (req && typeof req.cb === 'function')
+      req.cb(undefined, handle);
+  },
+  [RESPONSE.DATA]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    let req;
+    if (reqID !== undefined) {
+      req = sftp._requests[reqID];
+      delete sftp._requests[reqID];
+    }
+    /*
+      string     data
+    */
+    if (req && typeof req.cb === 'function') {
+      if (req.buffer) {
+        // We have already pre-allocated space to store the data
+
+        const nb = bufferParser.readString(req.buffer);
+        bufferParser.clear();
+
+        if (nb !== undefined) {
+          sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+            `SFTP: Inbound: Received DATA (id:${reqID}, ${nb})`
+          );
+          req.cb(undefined, req.buffer, nb);
+          return;
+        }
+      } else {
+        const data = bufferParser.readString();
+        bufferParser.clear();
+
+        if (data !== undefined) {
+          sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+            `SFTP: Inbound: Received DATA (id:${reqID}, ${data.length})`
+          );
+          req.cb(undefined, data);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      const nb = bufferParser.skipString();
+      bufferParser.clear();
+      if (nb !== undefined) {
+        sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+          `SFTP: Inbound: Received DATA (id:${reqID}, ${nb})`
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed DATA packet');
+  },
+  [RESPONSE.NAME]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    let req;
+    if (reqID !== undefined) {
+      req = sftp._requests[reqID];
+      delete sftp._requests[reqID];
+    }
+    /*
+      uint32     count
+      repeats count times:
+              string     filename
+              string     longname
+              ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const count = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    if (count !== undefined) {
+      let names = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        // We are going to assume UTF-8 for filenames despite the SFTPv3
+        // spec not specifying an encoding because the specs for newer
+        // versions of the protocol all explicitly specify UTF-8 for
+        // filenames
+        const filename = bufferParser.readString(true);
+
+        // `longname` only exists in SFTPv3 and since it typically will
+        // contain the filename, we assume it is also UTF-8
+        const longname = bufferParser.readString(true);
+
+        const attrs = readAttrs(sftp._biOpt);
+        if (attrs === undefined) {
+          names = undefined;
+          break;
+        }
+        names.push({ filename, longname, attrs });
+      }
+      if (names !== undefined) {
+        sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+          `SFTP: Inbound: Received NAME (id:${reqID}, ${names.length})`
+        );
+        bufferParser.clear();
+        if (req && typeof req.cb === 'function')
+          req.cb(undefined, names);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bufferParser.clear();
+    return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed NAME packet');
+  },
+  [RESPONSE.ATTRS]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    let req;
+    if (reqID !== undefined) {
+      req = sftp._requests[reqID];
+      delete sftp._requests[reqID];
+    }
+    /*
+      ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const attrs = readAttrs(sftp._biOpt);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+    if (attrs !== undefined) {
+      sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received ATTRS (id:${reqID})`);
+      if (req && typeof req.cb === 'function')
+        req.cb(undefined, attrs);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed ATTRS packet');
+  },
+  [RESPONSE.EXTENDED]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    if (reqID !== undefined) {
+      const req = sftp._requests[reqID];
+      if (req) {
+        delete sftp._requests[reqID];
+        switch (req.extended) {
+          case 'statvfs@openssh.com':
+          case 'fstatvfs@openssh.com': {
+            /*
+              uint64    f_bsize   // file system block size
+              uint64    f_frsize  // fundamental fs block size
+              uint64    f_blocks  // number of blocks (unit f_frsize)
+              uint64    f_bfree   // free blocks in file system
+              uint64    f_bavail  // free blocks for non-root
+              uint64    f_files   // total file inodes
+              uint64    f_ffree   // free file inodes
+              uint64    f_favail  // free file inodes for to non-root
+              uint64    f_fsid    // file system id
+              uint64    f_flag    // bit mask of f_flag values
+              uint64    f_namemax // maximum filename length
+            */
+            const biOpt = sftp._biOpt;
+            const stats = {
+              f_bsize: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_frsize: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_blocks: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_bfree: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_bavail: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_files: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_ffree: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_favail: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_sid: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_flag: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+              f_namemax: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(biOpt),
+            };
+            if (stats.f_namemax === undefined)
+              break;
+            if (sftp._debug) {
+              sftp._debug(
+                'SFTP: Inbound: Received EXTENDED_REPLY '
+                  + `(id:${reqID}, ${req.extended})`
+              );
+            }
+            bufferParser.clear();
+            if (typeof req.cb === 'function')
+              req.cb(undefined, stats);
+            return;
+          }
+          case 'limits@openssh.com': {
+            /*
+              uint64          max-packet-length
+              uint64          max-read-length
+              uint64          max-write-length
+              uint64          max-open-handles
+            */
+            const limits = {
+              maxPktLen: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(),
+              maxReadLen: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(),
+              maxWriteLen: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(),
+              maxOpenHandles: bufferParser.readUInt64BE(),
+            };
+            if (limits.maxOpenHandles === undefined)
+              break;
+            if (sftp._debug) {
+              sftp._debug(
+                'SFTP: Inbound: Received EXTENDED_REPLY '
+                  + `(id:${reqID}, ${req.extended})`
+              );
+            }
+            bufferParser.clear();
+            if (typeof req.cb === 'function')
+              req.cb(undefined, limits);
+            return;
+          }
+          case 'users-groups-by-id@openssh.com': {
+            /*
+              string    usernames
+                string    username1
+                ...
+              string    groupnames
+                string    groupname1
+                ...
+            */
+            const usernameCount = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+            if (usernameCount === undefined)
+              break;
+            const usernames = new Array(usernameCount);
+            for (let i = 0; i < usernames.length; ++i)
+              usernames[i] = bufferParser.readString(true);
+
+            const groupnameCount = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+            if (groupnameCount === undefined)
+              break;
+            const groupnames = new Array(groupnameCount);
+            for (let i = 0; i < groupnames.length; ++i)
+              groupnames[i] = bufferParser.readString(true);
+            if (groupnames.length > 0
+                && groupnames[groupnames.length - 1] === undefined) {
+              break;
+            }
+
+            if (sftp._debug) {
+              sftp._debug(
+                'SFTP: Inbound: Received EXTENDED_REPLY '
+                  + `(id:${reqID}, ${req.extended})`
+              );
+            }
+            bufferParser.clear();
+            if (typeof req.cb === 'function')
+              req.cb(undefined, usernames, groupnames);
+            return;
+          }
+          default:
+            // Unknown extended request
+            sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+              `SFTP: Inbound: Received EXTENDED_REPLY (id:${reqID}, ???)`
+            );
+            bufferParser.clear();
+            if (typeof req.cb === 'function')
+              req.cb();
+            return;
+        }
+      } else {
+        sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+          `SFTP: Inbound: Received EXTENDED_REPLY (id:${reqID}, ???)`
+        );
+        bufferParser.clear();
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bufferParser.clear();
+    return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed EXTENDED_REPLY packet');
+  },
+};
+const SERVER_HANDLERS = {
+  [REQUEST.INIT]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    if (sftp._version !== -1)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Duplicate INIT packet');
+
+    const extensions = {};
+
+    /*
+      uint32 version
+      <extension data>
+    */
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    let version = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    while (bufferParser.avail()) {
+      const extName = bufferParser.readString(true);
+      const extData = bufferParser.readString(true);
+      if (extData === undefined) {
+        version = undefined;
+        break;
+      }
+      extensions[extName] = extData;
+    }
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (version === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed INIT packet');
+
+    if (sftp._debug) {
+      const names = Object.keys(extensions);
+      if (names.length) {
+        sftp._debug(
+          `SFTP: Inbound: Received INIT (v${version}, exts:${names})`
+        );
+      } else {
+        sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received INIT (v${version})`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    sendOrBuffer(sftp, SERVER_VERSION_BUFFER);
+
+    sftp._version = version;
+    sftp._extensions = extensions;
+    sftp.emit('ready');
+  },
+  [REQUEST.OPEN]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string        filename
+      uint32        pflags
+      ATTRS         attrs
+    */
+    const filename = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    const pflags = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    const attrs = readAttrs(sftp._biOpt);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (attrs === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed OPEN packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received OPEN (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('OPEN', reqID, filename, pflags, attrs)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.CLOSE]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string        handle
+    */
+    const handle = bufferParser.readString();
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (handle === undefined || handle.length > 256)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed CLOSE packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received CLOSE (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('CLOSE', reqID, handle)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.READ]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     handle
+      uint64     offset
+      uint32     len
+    */
+    const handle = bufferParser.readString();
+    const offset = bufferParser.readUInt64BE(sftp._biOpt);
+    const len = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (len === undefined || handle.length > 256)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed READ packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received READ (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('READ', reqID, handle, offset, len)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.WRITE]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     handle
+      uint64     offset
+      string     data
+    */
+    const handle = bufferParser.readString();
+    const offset = bufferParser.readUInt64BE(sftp._biOpt);
+    const data = bufferParser.readString();
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (data === undefined || handle.length > 256)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed WRITE packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received WRITE (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('WRITE', reqID, handle, offset, data)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.LSTAT]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (path === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed LSTAT packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received LSTAT (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('LSTAT', reqID, path)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.FSTAT]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string        handle
+    */
+    const handle = bufferParser.readString();
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (handle === undefined || handle.length > 256)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed FSTAT packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received FSTAT (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('FSTAT', reqID, handle)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.SETSTAT]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+      ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    const attrs = readAttrs(sftp._biOpt);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (attrs === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed SETSTAT packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received SETSTAT (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('SETSTAT', reqID, path, attrs)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.FSETSTAT]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     handle
+      ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const handle = bufferParser.readString();
+    const attrs = readAttrs(sftp._biOpt);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (attrs === undefined || handle.length > 256)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed FSETSTAT packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+      `SFTP: Inbound: Received FSETSTAT (id:${reqID})`
+    );
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('FSETSTAT', reqID, handle, attrs)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.OPENDIR]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (path === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed OPENDIR packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received OPENDIR (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('OPENDIR', reqID, path)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.READDIR]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string        handle
+    */
+    const handle = bufferParser.readString();
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (handle === undefined || handle.length > 256)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed READDIR packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received READDIR (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('READDIR', reqID, handle)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.REMOVE]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (path === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed REMOVE packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received REMOVE (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('REMOVE', reqID, path)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.MKDIR]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+      ATTRS      attrs
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    const attrs = readAttrs(sftp._biOpt);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (attrs === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed MKDIR packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received MKDIR (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('MKDIR', reqID, path, attrs)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.RMDIR]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (path === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed RMDIR packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received RMDIR (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('RMDIR', reqID, path)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.REALPATH]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (path === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed REALPATH packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+      `SFTP: Inbound: Received REALPATH (id:${reqID})`
+    );
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('REALPATH', reqID, path)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.STAT]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (path === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed STAT packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received STAT (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('STAT', reqID, path)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.RENAME]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     oldpath
+      string     newpath
+    */
+    const oldPath = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    const newPath = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (newPath === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed RENAME packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received RENAME (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('RENAME', reqID, oldPath, newPath)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.READLINK]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     path
+    */
+    const path = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (path === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed READLINK packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+      `SFTP: Inbound: Received READLINK (id:${reqID})`
+    );
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('READLINK', reqID, path)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.SYMLINK]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     linkpath
+      string     targetpath
+    */
+    const linkPath = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    const targetPath = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    if (targetPath === undefined)
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed SYMLINK packet');
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(`SFTP: Inbound: Received SYMLINK (id:${reqID})`);
+
+    let handled;
+    if (sftp._isOpenSSH) {
+      // OpenSSH has linkpath and targetpath positions switched
+      handled = sftp.emit('SYMLINK', reqID, targetPath, linkPath);
+    } else {
+      handled = sftp.emit('SYMLINK', reqID, linkPath, targetPath);
+    }
+    if (!handled) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+  [REQUEST.EXTENDED]: (sftp, payload) => {
+    bufferParser.init(payload, 1);
+    const reqID = bufferParser.readUInt32BE();
+    /*
+      string     extended-request
+      ... any request-specific data ...
+    */
+    const extName = bufferParser.readString(true);
+    if (extName === undefined) {
+      bufferParser.clear();
+      return doFatalSFTPError(sftp, 'Malformed EXTENDED packet');
+    }
+
+    let extData;
+    if (bufferParser.avail())
+      extData = bufferParser.readRaw();
+    bufferParser.clear();
+
+    sftp._debug && sftp._debug(
+      `SFTP: Inbound: Received EXTENDED (id:${reqID})`
+    );
+
+    if (!sftp.emit('EXTENDED', reqID, extName, extData)) {
+      // Automatically reject request if no handler for request type
+      sftp.status(reqID, STATUS_CODE.OP_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+  },
+};
+
+// =============================================================================
+// ReadStream/WriteStream-related ==============================================
+// =============================================================================
+const {
+  ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE,
+  ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE,
+  validateNumber
+} = require('./node-fs-compat');
+
+const kMinPoolSpace = 128;
+
+let pool;
+// It can happen that we expect to read a large chunk of data, and reserve
+// a large chunk of the pool accordingly, but the read() call only filled
+// a portion of it. If a concurrently executing read() then uses the same pool,
+// the "reserved" portion cannot be used, so we allow it to be re-used as a
+// new pool later.
+const poolFragments = [];
+
+function allocNewPool(poolSize) {
+  if (poolFragments.length > 0)
+    pool = poolFragments.pop();
+  else
+    pool = Buffer.allocUnsafe(poolSize);
+  pool.used = 0;
+}
+
+// Check the `this.start` and `this.end` of stream.
+function checkPosition(pos, name) {
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(pos)) {
+    validateNumber(pos, name);
+    if (!Number.isInteger(pos))
+      throw new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(name, 'an integer', pos);
+    throw new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(name, '>= 0 and <= 2 ** 53 - 1', pos);
+  }
+  if (pos < 0)
+    throw new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(name, '>= 0 and <= 2 ** 53 - 1', pos);
+}
+
+function roundUpToMultipleOf8(n) {
+  return (n + 7) & ~7;  // Align to 8 byte boundary.
+}
+
+function ReadStream(sftp, path, options) {
+  if (options === undefined)
+    options = {};
+  else if (typeof options === 'string')
+    options = { encoding: options };
+  else if (options === null || typeof options !== 'object')
+    throw new TypeError('"options" argument must be a string or an object');
+  else
+    options = Object.create(options);
+
+  // A little bit bigger buffer and water marks by default
+  if (options.highWaterMark === undefined)
+    options.highWaterMark = 64 * 1024;
+
+  // For backwards compat do not emit close on destroy.
+  options.emitClose = false;
+  options.autoDestroy = false; // Node 14 major change.
+
+  ReadableStream.call(this, options);
+
+  this.path = path;
+  this.flags = options.flags === undefined ? 'r' : options.flags;
+  this.mode = options.mode === undefined ? 0o666 : options.mode;
+
+  this.start = options.start;
+  this.end = options.end;
+  this.autoClose = options.autoClose === undefined ? true : options.autoClose;
+  this.pos = 0;
+  this.bytesRead = 0;
+  this.isClosed = false;
+
+  this.handle = options.handle === undefined ? null : options.handle;
+  this.sftp = sftp;
+  this._opening = false;
+
+  if (this.start !== undefined) {
+    checkPosition(this.start, 'start');
+
+    this.pos = this.start;
+  }
+
+  if (this.end === undefined) {
+    this.end = Infinity;
+  } else if (this.end !== Infinity) {
+    checkPosition(this.end, 'end');
+
+    if (this.start !== undefined && this.start > this.end) {
+      throw new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(
+        'start',
+        `<= "end" (here: ${this.end})`,
+        this.start
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.on('end', function() {
+    if (this.autoClose)
+      this.destroy();
+  });
+
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(this.handle))
+    this.open();
+}
+inherits(ReadStream, ReadableStream);
+
+ReadStream.prototype.open = function() {
+  if (this._opening)
+    return;
+
+  this._opening = true;
+
+  this.sftp.open(this.path, this.flags, this.mode, (er, handle) => {
+    this._opening = false;
+
+    if (er) {
+      this.emit('error', er);
+      if (this.autoClose)
+        this.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.handle = handle;
+    this.emit('open', handle);
+    this.emit('ready');
+    // Start the flow of data.
+    this.read();
+  });
+};
+
+ReadStream.prototype._read = function(n) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(this.handle))
+    return this.once('open', () => this._read(n));
+
+  // XXX: safe to remove this?
+  if (this.destroyed)
+    return;
+
+  if (!pool || pool.length - pool.used < kMinPoolSpace) {
+    // Discard the old pool.
+    allocNewPool(this.readableHighWaterMark
+                 || this._readableState.highWaterMark);
+  }
+
+  // Grab another reference to the pool in the case that while we're
+  // in the thread pool another read() finishes up the pool, and
+  // allocates a new one.
+  const thisPool = pool;
+  let toRead = Math.min(pool.length - pool.used, n);
+  const start = pool.used;
+
+  if (this.end !== undefined)
+    toRead = Math.min(this.end - this.pos + 1, toRead);
+
+  // Already read everything we were supposed to read!
+  // treat as EOF.
+  if (toRead <= 0)
+    return this.push(null);
+
+  // the actual read.
+  this.sftp.read(this.handle,
+                 pool,
+                 pool.used,
+                 toRead,
+                 this.pos,
+                 (er, bytesRead) => {
+    if (er) {
+      this.emit('error', er);
+      if (this.autoClose)
+        this.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+    let b = null;
+
+    // Now that we know how much data we have actually read, re-wind the
+    // 'used' field if we can, and otherwise allow the remainder of our
+    // reservation to be used as a new pool later.
+    if (start + toRead === thisPool.used && thisPool === pool) {
+      thisPool.used = roundUpToMultipleOf8(thisPool.used + bytesRead - toRead);
+    } else {
+      // Round down to the next lowest multiple of 8 to ensure the new pool
+      // fragment start and end positions are aligned to an 8 byte boundary.
+      const alignedEnd = (start + toRead) & ~7;
+      const alignedStart = roundUpToMultipleOf8(start + bytesRead);
+      if (alignedEnd - alignedStart >= kMinPoolSpace)
+        poolFragments.push(thisPool.slice(alignedStart, alignedEnd));
+    }
+
+    if (bytesRead > 0) {
+      this.bytesRead += bytesRead;
+      b = thisPool.slice(start, start + bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    // Move the pool positions, and internal position for reading.
+    this.pos += bytesRead;
+
+    this.push(b);
+  });
+
+  pool.used = roundUpToMultipleOf8(pool.used + toRead);
+};
+
+ReadStream.prototype._destroy = function(err, cb) {
+  if (this._opening && !Buffer.isBuffer(this.handle)) {
+    this.once('open', closeStream.bind(null, this, cb, err));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  closeStream(this, cb, err);
+  this.handle = null;
+  this._opening = false;
+};
+
+function closeStream(stream, cb, err) {
+  if (!stream.handle)
+    return onclose();
+
+  stream.sftp.close(stream.handle, onclose);
+
+  function onclose(er) {
+    er = er || err;
+    cb(er);
+    stream.isClosed = true;
+    if (!er)
+      stream.emit('close');
+  }
+}
+
+ReadStream.prototype.close = function(cb) {
+  this.destroy(null, cb);
+};
+
+Object.defineProperty(ReadStream.prototype, 'pending', {
+  get() {
+    return this.handle === null;
+  },
+  configurable: true
+});
+
+// TODO: add `concurrency` setting to allow more than one in-flight WRITE
+// request to server to improve throughput
+function WriteStream(sftp, path, options) {
+  if (options === undefined)
+    options = {};
+  else if (typeof options === 'string')
+    options = { encoding: options };
+  else if (options === null || typeof options !== 'object')
+    throw new TypeError('"options" argument must be a string or an object');
+  else
+    options = Object.create(options);
+
+  // For backwards compat do not emit close on destroy.
+  options.emitClose = false;
+  options.autoDestroy = false; // Node 14 major change.
+
+  WritableStream.call(this, options);
+
+  this.path = path;
+  this.flags = options.flags === undefined ? 'w' : options.flags;
+  this.mode = options.mode === undefined ? 0o666 : options.mode;
+
+  this.start = options.start;
+  this.autoClose = options.autoClose === undefined ? true : options.autoClose;
+  this.pos = 0;
+  this.bytesWritten = 0;
+  this.isClosed = false;
+
+  this.handle = options.handle === undefined ? null : options.handle;
+  this.sftp = sftp;
+  this._opening = false;
+
+  if (this.start !== undefined) {
+    checkPosition(this.start, 'start');
+
+    this.pos = this.start;
+  }
+
+  if (options.encoding)
+    this.setDefaultEncoding(options.encoding);
+
+  // Node v6.x only
+  this.on('finish', function() {
+    if (this._writableState.finalCalled)
+      return;
+    if (this.autoClose)
+      this.destroy();
+  });
+
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(this.handle))
+    this.open();
+}
+inherits(WriteStream, WritableStream);
+
+WriteStream.prototype._final = function(cb) {
+  if (this.autoClose)
+    this.destroy();
+  cb();
+};
+
+WriteStream.prototype.open = function() {
+  if (this._opening)
+    return;
+
+  this._opening = true;
+
+  this.sftp.open(this.path, this.flags, this.mode, (er, handle) => {
+    this._opening = false;
+
+    if (er) {
+      this.emit('error', er);
+      if (this.autoClose)
+        this.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.handle = handle;
+
+    const tryAgain = (err) => {
+      if (err) {
+        // Try chmod() for sftp servers that may not support fchmod() for
+        // whatever reason
+        this.sftp.chmod(this.path, this.mode, (err_) => tryAgain());
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // SFTPv3 requires absolute offsets, no matter the open flag used
+      if (this.flags[0] === 'a') {
+        const tryStat = (err, st) => {
+          if (err) {
+            // Try stat() for sftp servers that may not support fstat() for
+            // whatever reason
+            this.sftp.stat(this.path, (err_, st_) => {
+              if (err_) {
+                this.destroy();
+                this.emit('error', err);
+                return;
+              }
+              tryStat(null, st_);
+            });
+            return;
+          }
+
+          this.pos = st.size;
+          this.emit('open', handle);
+          this.emit('ready');
+        };
+
+        this.sftp.fstat(handle, tryStat);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.emit('open', handle);
+      this.emit('ready');
+    };
+
+    this.sftp.fchmod(handle, this.mode, tryAgain);
+  });
+};
+
+WriteStream.prototype._write = function(data, encoding, cb) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(data)) {
+    const err = new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE('data', 'Buffer', data);
+    return this.emit('error', err);
+  }
+
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(this.handle)) {
+    return this.once('open', function() {
+      this._write(data, encoding, cb);
+    });
+  }
+
+  this.sftp.write(this.handle,
+                  data,
+                  0,
+                  data.length,
+                  this.pos,
+                  (er, bytes) => {
+    if (er) {
+      if (this.autoClose)
+        this.destroy();
+      return cb(er);
+    }
+    this.bytesWritten += bytes;
+    cb();
+  });
+
+  this.pos += data.length;
+};
+
+WriteStream.prototype._writev = function(data, cb) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(this.handle)) {
+    return this.once('open', function() {
+      this._writev(data, cb);
+    });
+  }
+
+  const sftp = this.sftp;
+  const handle = this.handle;
+  let writesLeft = data.length;
+
+  const onwrite = (er, bytes) => {
+    if (er) {
+      this.destroy();
+      return cb(er);
+    }
+    this.bytesWritten += bytes;
+    if (--writesLeft === 0)
+      cb();
+  };
+
+  // TODO: try to combine chunks to reduce number of requests to the server?
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
+    const chunk = data[i].chunk;
+
+    sftp.write(handle, chunk, 0, chunk.length, this.pos, onwrite);
+    this.pos += chunk.length;
+  }
+};
+
+if (typeof WritableStream.prototype.destroy !== 'function')
+  WriteStream.prototype.destroy = ReadStream.prototype.destroy;
+
+WriteStream.prototype._destroy = ReadStream.prototype._destroy;
+WriteStream.prototype.close = function(cb) {
+  if (cb) {
+    if (this.isClosed) {
+      process.nextTick(cb);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.on('close', cb);
+  }
+
+  // If we are not autoClosing, we should call
+  // destroy on 'finish'.
+  if (!this.autoClose)
+    this.on('finish', this.destroy.bind(this));
+
+  this.end();
+};
+
+// There is no shutdown() for files.
+WriteStream.prototype.destroySoon = WriteStream.prototype.end;
+
+Object.defineProperty(WriteStream.prototype, 'pending', {
+  get() {
+    return this.handle === null;
+  },
+  configurable: true
+});
+// =============================================================================
+
+module.exports = {
+  flagsToString,
+  OPEN_MODE,
+  SFTP,
+  Stats,
+  STATUS_CODE,
+  stringToFlags,
+};