opencode-skills-collection 1.0.185 → 1.0.187

package/bundled-skills/azure-functions/SKILL.md

@@ -1,47 +1,1346 @@
 ---
 name: azure-functions
-description: "Modern .NET execution model with process isolation"
+description: Expert patterns for Azure Functions development including isolated
+  worker model, Durable Functions orchestration, cold start optimization, and
+  production patterns. Covers .NET, Python, and Node.js programming models.
 risk: none
-source: "vibeship-spawner-skills (Apache 2.0)"
-date_added: "2026-02-27"
+source: vibeship-spawner-skills (Apache 2.0)
+date_added: 2026-02-27
 ---
 
 # Azure Functions
 
+Expert patterns for Azure Functions development including isolated worker model,
+Durable Functions orchestration, cold start optimization, and production patterns.
+Covers .NET, Python, and Node.js programming models.
+
 ## Patterns
 
 ### Isolated Worker Model (.NET)
 
 Modern .NET execution model with process isolation
 
+**When to use**: Building new .NET Azure Functions apps
+
+### Template
+
+// Program.cs - Isolated Worker Model
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
+
+var host = new HostBuilder()
+    .ConfigureFunctionsWorkerDefaults()
+    .ConfigureServices(services =>
+    {
+        // Add Application Insights
+        services.AddApplicationInsightsTelemetryWorkerService();
+        services.ConfigureFunctionsApplicationInsights();
+
+        // Add HttpClientFactory (prevents socket exhaustion)
+        services.AddHttpClient();
+
+        // Add your services
+        services.AddSingleton<IMyService, MyService>();
+    })
+    .Build();
+
+host.Run();
+
+// HttpTriggerFunction.cs
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Http;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+public class HttpTriggerFunction
+{
+    private readonly ILogger<HttpTriggerFunction> _logger;
+    private readonly IMyService _service;
+
+    public HttpTriggerFunction(
+        ILogger<HttpTriggerFunction> logger,
+        IMyService service)
+    {
+        _logger = logger;
+        _service = service;
+    }
+
+    [Function("HttpTrigger")]
+    public async Task<HttpResponseData> Run(
+        [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "get", "post")] HttpRequestData req)
+    {
+        _logger.LogInformation("Processing request");
+
+        try
+        {
+            var result = await _service.ProcessAsync(req);
+
+            var response = req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
+            await response.WriteAsJsonAsync(result);
+            return response;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _logger.LogError(ex, "Error processing request");
+            var response = req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError);
+            await response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new { error = "Internal server error" });
+            return response;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+### Notes
+
+- In-process model deprecated November 2026
+- Isolated worker supports .NET 8, 9, 10, and .NET Framework
+- Full dependency injection support
+- Custom middleware support
+
 ### Node.js v4 Programming Model
 
 Modern code-centric approach for TypeScript/JavaScript
 
+**When to use**: Building Node.js Azure Functions
+
+### Template
+
+// src/functions/httpTrigger.ts
+import { app, HttpRequest, HttpResponseInit, InvocationContext } from "@azure/functions";
+
+export async function httpTrigger(
+  request: HttpRequest,
+  context: InvocationContext
+): Promise<HttpResponseInit> {
+  context.log(`Http function processed request for url "${request.url}"`);
+
+  try {
+    const name = request.query.get("name") || (await request.text()) || "world";
+
+    return {
+      status: 200,
+      jsonBody: { message: `Hello, ${name}!` }
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    context.error("Error processing request:", error);
+    return {
+      status: 500,
+      jsonBody: { error: "Internal server error" }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+// Register function with app object
+app.http("httpTrigger", {
+  methods: ["GET", "POST"],
+  authLevel: "function",
+  handler: httpTrigger
+});
+
+// Timer trigger example
+app.timer("timerTrigger", {
+  schedule: "0 */5 * * * *",  // Every 5 minutes
+  handler: async (myTimer, context) => {
+    context.log("Timer function executed at:", new Date().toISOString());
+  }
+});
+
+// Blob trigger example
+app.storageBlob("blobTrigger", {
+  path: "samples-workitems/{name}",
+  connection: "AzureWebJobsStorage",
+  handler: async (blob, context) => {
+    context.log(`Blob trigger processing: ${context.triggerMetadata.name}`);
+    context.log(`Blob size: ${blob.length} bytes`);
+  }
+});
+
+### Notes
+
+- v4 model is code-centric, no function.json files
+- Uses app object similar to Express.js
+- TypeScript first-class support
+- All triggers registered in code
+
 ### Python v2 Programming Model
 
 Decorator-based approach for Python functions
 
-## Anti-Patterns
+**When to use**: Building Python Azure Functions
+
+### Template
+
+# function_app.py
+import azure.functions as func
+import logging
+import json
+
+app = func.FunctionApp(http_auth_level=func.AuthLevel.FUNCTION)
+
+@app.route(route="hello", methods=["GET", "POST"])
+async def http_trigger(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
+    logging.info("Python HTTP trigger function processed a request.")
+
+    try:
+        name = req.params.get("name")
+        if not name:
+            try:
+                req_body = req.get_json()
+                name = req_body.get("name")
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        if name:
+            return func.HttpResponse(
+                json.dumps({"message": f"Hello, {name}!"}),
+                mimetype="application/json"
+            )
+        else:
+            return func.HttpResponse(
+                json.dumps({"message": "Hello, World!"}),
+                mimetype="application/json"
+            )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logging.error(f"Error processing request: {str(e)}")
+        return func.HttpResponse(
+            json.dumps({"error": "Internal server error"}),
+            status_code=500,
+            mimetype="application/json"
+        )
+
+@app.timer_trigger(schedule="0 */5 * * * *", arg_name="myTimer")
+def timer_trigger(myTimer: func.TimerRequest) -> None:
+    logging.info("Timer trigger executed")
+
+@app.blob_trigger(arg_name="myblob", path="samples-workitems/{name}",
+                  connection="AzureWebJobsStorage")
+def blob_trigger(myblob: func.InputStream):
+    logging.info(f"Blob trigger: {myblob.name}, Size: {myblob.length} bytes")
+
+@app.queue_trigger(arg_name="msg", queue_name="myqueue",
+                   connection="AzureWebJobsStorage")
+def queue_trigger(msg: func.QueueMessage) -> None:
+    logging.info(f"Queue message: {msg.get_body().decode('utf-8')}")
+
+### Notes
+
+- v2 model uses decorators, no function.json files
+- Python runs out-of-process (always isolated)
+- Linux-based hosting required for Python
+- Async functions supported
+
+### Durable Functions - Function Chaining
+
+Sequential execution with state persistence
+
+**When to use**: Need sequential workflow with automatic retry
+
+### Template
+
+// C# Isolated Worker - Function Chaining
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
+using Microsoft.DurableTask;
+using Microsoft.DurableTask.Client;
+
+public class OrderWorkflow
+{
+    [Function("OrderOrchestrator")]
+    public static async Task<OrderResult> RunOrchestrator(
+        [OrchestrationTrigger] TaskOrchestrationContext context)
+    {
+        var order = context.GetInput<Order>();
+
+        // Functions execute sequentially, state persisted between each
+        var validated = await context.CallActivityAsync<ValidatedOrder>(
+            "ValidateOrder", order);
+
+        var payment = await context.CallActivityAsync<PaymentResult>(
+            "ProcessPayment", validated);
+
+        var shipped = await context.CallActivityAsync<ShippingResult>(
+            "ShipOrder", new ShipRequest { Order = validated, Payment = payment });
+
+        var notification = await context.CallActivityAsync<bool>(
+            "SendNotification", shipped);
+
+        return new OrderResult
+        {
+            OrderId = order.Id,
+            Status = "Completed",
+            TrackingNumber = shipped.TrackingNumber
+        };
+    }
+
+    [Function("ValidateOrder")]
+    public static async Task<ValidatedOrder> ValidateOrder(
+        [ActivityTrigger] Order order, FunctionContext context)
+    {
+        var logger = context.GetLogger<OrderWorkflow>();
+        logger.LogInformation("Validating order {OrderId}", order.Id);
+
+        // Validation logic...
+        return new ValidatedOrder { /* ... */ };
+    }
+
+    [Function("ProcessPayment")]
+    public static async Task<PaymentResult> ProcessPayment(
+        [ActivityTrigger] ValidatedOrder order, FunctionContext context)
+    {
+        // Payment processing with built-in retry...
+        return new PaymentResult { /* ... */ };
+    }
+
+    [Function("OrderWorkflow_HttpStart")]
+    public static async Task<HttpResponseData> HttpStart(
+        [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "post")] HttpRequestData req,
+        [DurableClient] DurableTaskClient client,
+        FunctionContext context)
+    {
+        var order = await req.ReadFromJsonAsync<Order>();
+        string instanceId = await client.ScheduleNewOrchestrationInstanceAsync(
+            "OrderOrchestrator", order);
+
+        return client.CreateCheckStatusResponse(req, instanceId);
+    }
+}
+
+### Notes
+
+- State automatically persisted between activities
+- Automatic retry on transient failures
+- Survives process restarts
+- Built-in status endpoint for monitoring
+
+### Durable Functions - Fan-Out/Fan-In
+
+Parallel execution with result aggregation
+
+**When to use**: Processing multiple items in parallel
+
+### Template
+
+// C# Isolated Worker - Fan-Out/Fan-In
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
+using Microsoft.DurableTask;
+
+public class ParallelProcessing
+{
+    [Function("ProcessImagesOrchestrator")]
+    public static async Task<ProcessingResult> RunOrchestrator(
+        [OrchestrationTrigger] TaskOrchestrationContext context)
+    {
+        var images = context.GetInput<List<string>>();
+
+        // Fan-out: Start all tasks in parallel
+        var tasks = images.Select(image =>
+            context.CallActivityAsync<ImageResult>("ProcessImage", image));
+
+        // Fan-in: Wait for all tasks to complete
+        var results = await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
+
+        // Aggregate results
+        var successful = results.Count(r => r.Success);
+        var failed = results.Count(r => !r.Success);
+
+        return new ProcessingResult
+        {
+            TotalProcessed = results.Length,
+            Successful = successful,
+            Failed = failed,
+            Results = results.ToList()
+        };
+    }
+
+    [Function("ProcessImage")]
+    public static async Task<ImageResult> ProcessImage(
+        [ActivityTrigger] string imageUrl, FunctionContext context)
+    {
+        var logger = context.GetLogger<ParallelProcessing>();
+        logger.LogInformation("Processing image: {Url}", imageUrl);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Image processing logic...
+            await Task.Delay(1000); // Simulated work
+
+            return new ImageResult
+            {
+                Url = imageUrl,
+                Success = true,
+                ProcessedUrl = $"processed-{imageUrl}"
+            };
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to process {Url}", imageUrl);
+            return new ImageResult { Url = imageUrl, Success = false };
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Python equivalent
+    // @app.orchestration_trigger(context_name="context")
+    // def process_images_orchestrator(context: df.DurableOrchestrationContext):
+    //     images = context.get_input()
+    //
+    //     # Fan-out: Create parallel tasks
+    //     tasks = [context.call_activity("ProcessImage", img) for img in images]
+    //
+    //     # Fan-in: Wait for all
+    //     results = yield context.task_all(tasks)
+    //
+    //     return {"processed": len(results), "results": results}
+}
+
+### Notes
+
+- Parallel execution for independent tasks
+- Results aggregated when all complete
+- Memory efficient - only stores task IDs
+- Up to thousands of parallel activities
+
+### Cold Start Optimization
+
+Minimize cold start latency in production
+
+**When to use**: Need fast response times in production
+
+### Template
+
+// 1. Use Premium Plan with pre-warmed instances
+// host.json
+{
+  "version": "2.0",
+  "extensions": {
+    "durableTask": {
+      "hubName": "MyTaskHub"
+    }
+  },
+  "functionTimeout": "00:30:00"
+}
+
+// 2. Add warmup trigger (Premium Plan)
+[Function("Warmup")]
+public static void Warmup(
+    [WarmupTrigger] object warmupContext,
+    FunctionContext context)
+{
+    var logger = context.GetLogger("Warmup");
+    logger.LogInformation("Warmup trigger executed - initializing dependencies");
+
+    // Pre-initialize expensive resources
+    // Database connections, HttpClients, etc.
+}
+
+// 3. Use static/singleton clients with DI
+public class Startup
+{
+    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
+    {
+        // HttpClientFactory prevents socket exhaustion
+        services.AddHttpClient<IMyApiClient, MyApiClient>(client =>
+        {
+            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
+            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
+        });
+
+        // Singleton for expensive initialization
+        services.AddSingleton<IExpensiveService>(sp =>
+        {
+            // Initialize once, reuse across invocations
+            return new ExpensiveService();
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+// 4. Reduce package size
+// .csproj - exclude unnecessary dependencies
+<PropertyGroup>
+  <PublishTrimmed>true</PublishTrimmed>
+  <TrimMode>partial</TrimMode>
+</PropertyGroup>
+
+// 5. Run from package deployment
+// Azure CLI
+// az functionapp deployment source config-zip \
+//   --resource-group myResourceGroup \
+//   --name myFunctionApp \
+//   --src myapp.zip \
+//   --build-remote true
+
+### Notes
+
+- Cold starts improved ~53% across all regions/languages
+- Premium Plan provides pre-warmed instances
+- Warmup trigger initializes before traffic
+- Package deployment can reduce cold start
+
+### Queue Trigger with Error Handling
+
+Reliable message processing with poison queue
+
+**When to use**: Processing messages from Azure Storage Queue
+
+### Template
+
+// C# Isolated Worker - Queue Trigger
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
+
+public class QueueProcessor
+{
+    private readonly ILogger<QueueProcessor> _logger;
+    private readonly IMyService _service;
+
+    public QueueProcessor(ILogger<QueueProcessor> logger, IMyService service)
+    {
+        _logger = logger;
+        _service = service;
+    }
+
+    [Function("ProcessQueueMessage")]
+    public async Task Run(
+        [QueueTrigger("myqueue-items", Connection = "AzureWebJobsStorage")]
+        QueueMessage message)
+    {
+        _logger.LogInformation("Processing message: {Id}", message.MessageId);
+
+        try
+        {
+            var payload = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<MyPayload>(message.Body);
+            await _service.ProcessAsync(payload);
+
+            _logger.LogInformation("Message processed successfully: {Id}", message.MessageId);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _logger.LogError(ex, "Error processing message: {Id}", message.MessageId);
+
+            // Message will be retried up to maxDequeueCount (default 5)
+            // Then moved to poison queue: myqueue-items-poison
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Optional: Monitor poison queue
+    [Function("ProcessPoisonQueue")]
+    public async Task ProcessPoison(
+        [QueueTrigger("myqueue-items-poison", Connection = "AzureWebJobsStorage")]
+        QueueMessage message)
+    {
+        _logger.LogWarning("Processing poison message: {Id}", message.MessageId);
+
+        // Log to monitoring, alert, or store for manual review
+        await _service.HandlePoisonMessageAsync(message);
+    }
+}
+
+// host.json - Queue configuration
+// {
+//   "version": "2.0",
+//   "extensions": {
+//     "queues": {
+//       "maxPollingInterval": "00:00:02",
+//       "visibilityTimeout": "00:00:30",
+//       "batchSize": 16,
+//       "maxDequeueCount": 5,
+//       "newBatchThreshold": 8
+//     }
+//   }
+// }
+
+### Notes
+
+- Messages retried up to maxDequeueCount times
+- Failed messages moved to poison queue
+- Configure visibilityTimeout for processing time
+- batchSize controls parallel processing
+
+### HTTP Trigger with Long-Running Pattern
+
+Handle work exceeding 230-second HTTP limit
+
+**When to use**: HTTP request triggers long-running work
+
+### Template
+
+// Async HTTP pattern - return immediately, poll for status
+[Function("StartLongRunning")]
+public static async Task<HttpResponseData> StartLongRunning(
+    [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "post")] HttpRequestData req,
+    [DurableClient] DurableTaskClient client,
+    FunctionContext context)
+{
+    var input = await req.ReadFromJsonAsync<WorkRequest>();
+
+    // Start orchestration (returns immediately)
+    string instanceId = await client.ScheduleNewOrchestrationInstanceAsync(
+        "LongRunningOrchestrator", input);
+
+    // Return status URLs for polling
+    return client.CreateCheckStatusResponse(req, instanceId);
+}
+
+// Response includes:
+// {
+//   "id": "abc123",
+//   "statusQueryGetUri": "https://.../instances/abc123",
+//   "sendEventPostUri": "https://.../instances/abc123/raiseEvent/{eventName}",
+//   "terminatePostUri": "https://.../instances/abc123/terminate"
+// }
+
+// Alternative: Queue-based pattern without Durable Functions
+[Function("StartWork")]
+[QueueOutput("work-queue")]
+public static async Task<WorkItem> StartWork(
+    [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "post")] HttpRequestData req,
+    FunctionContext context)
+{
+    var input = await req.ReadFromJsonAsync<WorkRequest>();
+    var workId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
+
+    // Queue the work, return immediately
+    var workItem = new WorkItem
+    {
+        Id = workId,
+        Request = input
+    };
+
+    // Return work ID for status checking
+    var response = req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Accepted);
+    await response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new
+    {
+        workId = workId,
+        statusUrl = $"/api/status/{workId}"
+    });
+
+    return workItem;
+}
+
+[Function("ProcessWork")]
+public static async Task ProcessWork(
+    [QueueTrigger("work-queue")] WorkItem work,
+    FunctionContext context)
+{
+    // Long-running processing here
+    // Update status in storage for polling
+}
+
+### Notes
+
+- HTTP timeout is 230 seconds regardless of plan
+- Use Durable Functions for async patterns
+- Return immediately with status endpoint
+- Client polls for completion
+
+## Sharp Edges
+
+### HTTP Timeout is 230 Seconds Regardless of Plan
+
+Severity: HIGH
+
+Situation: HTTP-triggered functions with long processing time
+
+Symptoms:
+504 Gateway Timeout after ~4 minutes.
+Request terminates before function completes.
+Client receives timeout even though function continues.
+host.json timeout setting has no effect for HTTP.
+
+Why this breaks:
+The Azure Load Balancer has a hard-coded 230-second idle timeout for HTTP
+requests. This applies regardless of your function app timeout setting.
+
+Even if you set functionTimeout to 30 minutes in host.json, HTTP triggers
+will timeout after 230 seconds from the client's perspective.
+
+The function may continue running after timeout, but the client won't
+receive the response.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Use async pattern with Durable Functions
+
+```csharp
+[Function("StartLongProcess")]
+public static async Task<HttpResponseData> Start(
+    [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "post")] HttpRequestData req,
+    [DurableClient] DurableTaskClient client)
+{
+    var input = await req.ReadFromJsonAsync<WorkRequest>();
+
+    // Start orchestration, returns immediately
+    string instanceId = await client.ScheduleNewOrchestrationInstanceAsync(
+        "LongRunningOrchestrator", input);
+
+    // Returns status URLs for polling
+    return client.CreateCheckStatusResponse(req, instanceId);
+}
+
+// Client polls statusQueryGetUri until complete
+```
+
+## Use queue-based async pattern
+
+```csharp
+[Function("StartWork")]
+public static async Task<HttpResponseData> StartWork(
+    [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "post")] HttpRequestData req,
+    [QueueOutput("work-queue")] out WorkItem workItem)
+{
+    var workId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
+
+    workItem = new WorkItem { Id = workId, /* ... */ };
+
+    var response = req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Accepted);
+    await response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new {
+        id = workId,
+        statusUrl = $"/api/status/{workId}"
+    });
+    return response;
+}
+```
+
+## Use webhook callback pattern
+
+```csharp
+// Client provides callback URL
+// Function queues work, returns 202 Accepted
+// When done, POST result to callback URL
+```
+
+### Socket Exhaustion from HttpClient Instantiation
+
+Severity: HIGH
+
+Situation: Creating HttpClient instances inside function code
+
+Symptoms:
+SocketException: "Unable to connect to remote server"
+"An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden"
+Sporadic connection failures under load.
+Works locally but fails in production.
+
+Why this breaks:
+Creating a new HttpClient for each request creates a new socket connection.
+Sockets linger in TIME_WAIT state for 240 seconds after closing.
+
+In a serverless environment with high throughput, you quickly exhaust
+available sockets. This affects all network clients, not just HttpClient.
+
+Azure Functions shares network resources among multiple customers,
+making this even more critical.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Use IHttpClientFactory (Recommended)
+
+```csharp
+// Program.cs
+var host = new HostBuilder()
+    .ConfigureFunctionsWorkerDefaults()
+    .ConfigureServices(services =>
+    {
+        services.AddHttpClient<IMyApiClient, MyApiClient>(client =>
+        {
+            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
+            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
+        });
+    })
+    .Build();
+
+// MyApiClient.cs
+public class MyApiClient : IMyApiClient
+{
+    private readonly HttpClient _client;
 
-### ❌ Blocking Async Calls
+    public MyApiClient(HttpClient client)
+    {
+        _client = client;  // Injected, managed by factory
+    }
 
-### ❌ New HttpClient Per Request
+    public async Task<string> GetDataAsync()
+    {
+        return await _client.GetStringAsync("/data");
+    }
+}
+```
 
-### ❌ In-Process Model for New Projects
+## Use static client (Alternative)
 
-## ⚠️ Sharp Edges
+```csharp
+public static class MyFunction
+{
+    // Static HttpClient, reused across invocations
+    private static readonly HttpClient _httpClient = new HttpClient
+    {
+        Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
+    };
 
-| Issue | Severity | Solution |
-|-------|----------|----------|
-| Issue | high | ## Use async pattern with Durable Functions |
-| Issue | high | ## Use IHttpClientFactory (Recommended) |
-| Issue | high | ## Always use async/await |
-| Issue | medium | ## Configure maximum timeout (Consumption) |
-| Issue | high | ## Use isolated worker for new projects |
-| Issue | medium | ## Configure Application Insights properly |
-| Issue | medium | ## Check extension bundle (most common) |
-| Issue | medium | ## Add warmup trigger to initialize your code |
+    [Function("MyFunction")]
+    public static async Task Run(...)
+    {
+        var result = await _httpClient.GetAsync("...");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Same pattern for Azure SDK clients
+
+```csharp
+// Also applies to:
+// - BlobServiceClient
+// - CosmosClient
+// - ServiceBusClient
+// Use DI or static instances
+```
+
+### Blocking Async Calls Cause Thread Starvation
+
+Severity: HIGH
+
+Situation: Using .Result, .Wait(), or Thread.Sleep in async code
+
+Symptoms:
+Deadlocks under load.
+Requests hang indefinitely.
+"A task was canceled" exceptions.
+Works with low concurrency, fails with high.
+
+Why this breaks:
+Azure Functions thread pool is limited. Blocking calls (.Result, .Wait())
+hold a thread hostage while waiting, preventing other work.
+
+Thread.Sleep blocks a thread that could be handling other requests.
+
+With multiple concurrent executions, you quickly run out of threads,
+causing deadlocks and timeouts.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Always use async/await
+
+```csharp
+// BAD - blocks thread
+var result = httpClient.GetAsync(url).Result;
+someTask.Wait();
+Thread.Sleep(5000);
+
+// GOOD - yields thread
+var result = await httpClient.GetAsync(url);
+await someTask;
+await Task.Delay(5000);
+```
+
+## Fix synchronous method calls
+
+```csharp
+// BAD - sync over async
+public void ProcessData()
+{
+    var data = GetDataAsync().Result;  // Blocks!
+}
+
+// GOOD - async all the way
+public async Task ProcessDataAsync()
+{
+    var data = await GetDataAsync();
+}
+```
+
+## Configure async in console/startup
+
+```csharp
+// If you must call async from sync context
+public static void Main(string[] args)
+{
+    // Use GetAwaiter().GetResult() at entry point only
+    MainAsync(args).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+}
+
+private static async Task MainAsync(string[] args)
+{
+    // Async code here
+}
+```
+
+### Consumption Plan 10-Minute Timeout Limit
+
+Severity: MEDIUM
+
+Situation: Running long processes on Consumption plan
+
+Symptoms:
+Function terminates after 10 minutes.
+"Function timed out" in logs.
+Incomplete processing with no error caught.
+Works in development (with longer timeout) but fails in production.
+
+Why this breaks:
+Consumption plan has a hard limit of 10 minutes execution time.
+Default is 5 minutes if not configured.
+
+This cannot be increased beyond 10 minutes on Consumption plan.
+Long-running work requires Premium plan or different architecture.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Configure maximum timeout (Consumption)
+
+```json
+// host.json
+{
+  "version": "2.0",
+  "functionTimeout": "00:10:00"  // Max for Consumption
+}
+```
+
+## Upgrade to Premium plan for longer timeouts
+
+```json
+// Premium plan - 30 min default, unbounded available
+{
+  "version": "2.0",
+  "functionTimeout": "00:30:00"  // Or remove for unbounded
+}
+```
+
+## Use Durable Functions for long workflows
+
+```csharp
+[Function("LongWorkflowOrchestrator")]
+public static async Task<string> RunOrchestrator(
+    [OrchestrationTrigger] TaskOrchestrationContext context)
+{
+    // Each activity has its own timeout
+    // Workflow can run for days
+    await context.CallActivityAsync("Step1", input);
+    await context.CallActivityAsync("Step2", input);
+    await context.CallActivityAsync("Step3", input);
+    return "Complete";
+}
+```
+
+## Break work into smaller chunks
+
+```csharp
+// Queue-based chunking
+[Function("ProcessChunk")]
+[QueueOutput("work-queue")]
+public static IEnumerable<WorkChunk> ProcessChunk(
+    [QueueTrigger("work-queue")] WorkChunk chunk)
+{
+    var results = Process(chunk);
+
+    // Queue next chunks if more work
+    if (chunk.HasMore)
+    {
+        yield return chunk.Next();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### .NET In-Process Model Deprecated November 2026
+
+Severity: HIGH
+
+Situation: Creating new .NET functions or maintaining existing
+
+Symptoms:
+Using in-process model in new projects.
+Dependency conflicts with host runtime.
+Cannot use latest .NET versions.
+Future migration burden.
+
+Why this breaks:
+The in-process model runs your code in the same process as the
+Azure Functions host. This causes:
+- Assembly version conflicts
+- Limited to LTS .NET versions
+- No access to latest .NET features
+- Tighter coupling with host runtime
+
+Support ends November 10, 2026. After this date, in-process apps
+may stop working or receive no security updates.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Use isolated worker for new projects
+
+```bash
+# Create new isolated worker project
+func init MyFunctionApp --worker-runtime dotnet-isolated
+
+# Or with .NET 8
+dotnet new func --name MyFunctionApp --framework net8.0
+```
+
+## Migrate existing in-process to isolated
+
+```csharp
+// OLD - In-process (FunctionName attribute)
+public class InProcessFunction
+{
+    [FunctionName("MyFunction")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> Run(
+        [HttpTrigger] HttpRequest req,
+        ILogger log)
+    {
+        log.LogInformation("Processing");
+        return new OkResult();
+    }
+}
+
+// NEW - Isolated worker (Function attribute)
+public class IsolatedFunction
+{
+    private readonly ILogger<IsolatedFunction> _logger;
+
+    public IsolatedFunction(ILogger<IsolatedFunction> logger)
+    {
+        _logger = logger;
+    }
+
+    [Function("MyFunction")]
+    public async Task<HttpResponseData> Run(
+        [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "get")]
+        HttpRequestData req)
+    {
+        _logger.LogInformation("Processing");
+        return req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Key migration changes
+- FunctionName → Function attribute
+- HttpRequest → HttpRequestData
+- IActionResult → HttpResponseData
+- ILogger injection → constructor injection
+- Add Program.cs with HostBuilder
+
+### ILogger Not Outputting to Console or AppInsights
+
+Severity: MEDIUM
+
+Situation: Using dependency-injected ILogger in isolated worker
+
+Symptoms:
+Logs not appearing in local console.
+Logs not appearing in Application Insights.
+Logs work with context.GetLogger() but not injected ILogger.
+Must pass logger through all method calls.
+
+Why this breaks:
+In isolated worker model, the dependency-injected ILogger may not
+be properly connected to the Azure Functions logging pipeline.
+
+Local development especially affected - logs may go nowhere.
+Application Insights requires explicit configuration.
+
+The ILogger from FunctionContext works differently than
+the injected ILogger<T>.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Configure Application Insights properly
+
+```csharp
+// Program.cs
+var host = new HostBuilder()
+    .ConfigureFunctionsWorkerDefaults()
+    .ConfigureServices(services =>
+    {
+        // Add App Insights telemetry
+        services.AddApplicationInsightsTelemetryWorkerService();
+        services.ConfigureFunctionsApplicationInsights();
+    })
+    .Build();
+```
+
+## Configure logging levels
+
+```json
+// host.json
+{
+  "version": "2.0",
+  "logging": {
+    "applicationInsights": {
+      "samplingSettings": {
+        "isEnabled": true,
+        "excludedTypes": "Request"
+      }
+    },
+    "logLevel": {
+      "default": "Information",
+      "Host.Results": "Error",
+      "Function": "Information",
+      "Host.Aggregator": "Trace"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Use context.GetLogger for reliability
+
+```csharp
+[Function("MyFunction")]
+public async Task Run(
+    [HttpTrigger] HttpRequestData req,
+    FunctionContext context)
+{
+    // This logger always works
+    var logger = context.GetLogger<MyFunction>();
+    logger.LogInformation("Processing request");
+}
+```
+
+## Local development - check local.settings.json
+
+```json
+{
+  "IsEncrypted": false,
+  "Values": {
+    "FUNCTIONS_WORKER_RUNTIME": "dotnet-isolated",
+    "AzureWebJobsStorage": "UseDevelopmentStorage=true",
+    "APPLICATIONINSIGHTS_CONNECTION_STRING": "InstrumentationKey=..."
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Missing Extension Packages Cause Silent Failures
+
+Severity: MEDIUM
+
+Situation: Using triggers/bindings without installing extensions
+
+Symptoms:
+Function not triggering on events.
+"No job functions found" warning.
+Bindings not working despite correct configuration.
+Works after adding extension package.
+
+Why this breaks:
+Azure Functions v2+ uses extension bundles for triggers and bindings.
+If extensions aren't properly configured or packages aren't installed,
+the function host can't recognize the bindings.
+
+In isolated worker, you need explicit NuGet packages.
+In in-process, you need Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.*.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Check extension bundle (most common)
+
+```json
+// host.json - Extension bundles handle most cases
+{
+  "version": "2.0",
+  "extensionBundle": {
+    "id": "Microsoft.Azure.Functions.ExtensionBundle",
+    "version": "[4.*, 5.0.0)"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Install explicit packages for isolated worker
+
+```xml
+<!-- .csproj - Isolated worker packages -->
+<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker" Version="1.20.0" />
+<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Sdk" Version="1.16.0" />
+
+<!-- Storage triggers/bindings -->
+<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Extensions.Storage" Version="6.2.0" />
+
+<!-- Service Bus -->
+<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Extensions.ServiceBus" Version="5.14.0" />
+
+<!-- Cosmos DB -->
+<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Extensions.CosmosDB" Version="4.6.0" />
+
+<!-- Durable Functions -->
+<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Extensions.DurableTask" Version="1.1.0" />
+```
+
+## Verify function registration
+
+```bash
+# Check registered functions
+func host start --verbose
+
+# Look for:
+# "Found the following functions:"
+# If empty, check extensions and attributes
+```
+
+### Premium Plan Still Has Cold Start on New Instances
+
+Severity: MEDIUM
+
+Situation: Using Premium plan expecting zero cold start
+
+Symptoms:
+Still experiencing cold starts despite Premium plan.
+First request to new instance is slow.
+Latency spikes during scale-out events.
+Pre-warmed instances not being used.
+
+Why this breaks:
+Premium plan provides pre-warmed instances, but:
+- Only one pre-warmed instance by default
+- Rapid scale-out still creates cold instances
+- Pre-warmed instances still run YOUR code initialization
+- Warmup trigger runs, but your code may still be slow
+
+Pre-warmed means the runtime is ready, not your application.
+
+Recommended fix:
+
+## Add warmup trigger to initialize your code
+
+```csharp
+[Function("Warmup")]
+public void Warmup(
+    [WarmupTrigger] object warmupContext,
+    FunctionContext context)
+{
+    var logger = context.GetLogger("Warmup");
+    logger.LogInformation("Warmup trigger fired");
+
+    // Initialize expensive resources
+    _cosmosClient.GetContainer("db", "container");
+    _httpClient.GetAsync("https://api.example.com/health").Wait();
+}
+```
+
+## Configure pre-warmed instance count
+
+```bash
+# Increase pre-warmed instances (costs more)
+az functionapp config set \
+  --name <app-name> \
+  --resource-group <rg> \
+  --prewarmed-instance-count 3
+```
+
+## Optimize application initialization
+
+```csharp
+// Lazy initialize heavy resources
+private static readonly Lazy<ExpensiveClient> _client =
+    new Lazy<ExpensiveClient>(() => new ExpensiveClient());
+
+// Connection pooling
+services.AddDbContext<MyDbContext>(options =>
+    options.UseSqlServer(connectionString, sql =>
+        sql.MinPoolSize(5)));
+```
+
+## Use always-ready instances (most expensive)
+
+```bash
+# Instances always running, no cold start
+az functionapp config set \
+  --name <app-name> \
+  --resource-group <rg> \
+  --minimum-elastic-instance-count 2
+```
+
+## Validation Checks
+
+### Hardcoded Connection String
+
+Severity: ERROR
+
+Connection strings must never be hardcoded
+
+Message: Hardcoded connection string. Use Key Vault or App Settings.
+
+### Hardcoded API Key in Code
+
+Severity: ERROR
+
+API keys should use Key Vault or App Settings
+
+Message: Hardcoded API key. Use Key Vault or environment variables.
+
+### Anonymous Authorization Level in Production
+
+Severity: WARNING
+
+Anonymous endpoints should be protected by other means
+
+Message: Anonymous authorization. Ensure protected by API Management or other auth.
+
+### Blocking .Result Call
+
+Severity: ERROR
+
+Using .Result blocks threads and causes deadlocks
+
+Message: Blocking .Result call. Use await instead.
+
+### Blocking .Wait() Call
+
+Severity: ERROR
+
+Using .Wait() blocks threads
+
+Message: Blocking .Wait() call. Use await instead.
+
+### Thread.Sleep Usage
+
+Severity: ERROR
+
+Thread.Sleep blocks threads
+
+Message: Thread.Sleep blocks threads. Use await Task.Delay() instead.
+
+### New HttpClient Instance
+
+Severity: WARNING
+
+Creating HttpClient per request causes socket exhaustion
+
+Message: New HttpClient per request. Use IHttpClientFactory or static client.
+
+### HttpClient in Using Statement
+
+Severity: WARNING
+
+Disposing HttpClient causes socket exhaustion
+
+Message: HttpClient in using statement. Use IHttpClientFactory for proper lifecycle.
+
+### In-Process FunctionName Attribute
+
+Severity: INFO
+
+In-process model deprecated November 2026
+
+Message: In-process FunctionName attribute. Consider migrating to isolated worker.
+
+### Missing Function Attribute
+
+Severity: WARNING
+
+Isolated worker requires [Function] attribute
+
+Message: HttpTrigger without [Function] attribute (isolated worker requires it).
+
+## Collaboration
+
+### Delegation Triggers
+
+- user needs AWS serverless -> aws-serverless (Lambda, API Gateway, SAM)
+- user needs GCP serverless -> gcp-cloud-run (Cloud Run, Cloud Functions)
+- user needs container-based deployment -> gcp-cloud-run (Azure Container Apps or Cloud Run)
+- user needs database design -> postgres-wizard (Azure SQL, Cosmos DB data modeling)
+- user needs authentication -> auth-specialist (Azure AD, Easy Auth, managed identity)
+- user needs complex orchestration -> workflow-automation (Logic Apps, Power Automate)
 
 ## When to Use
-This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.
+
+- User mentions or implies: azure function
+- User mentions or implies: azure functions
+- User mentions or implies: durable functions
+- User mentions or implies: azure serverless
+- User mentions or implies: function app