ootk 6.0.4 → 6.0.7

package/dist/main.cjs

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ var AngularDistanceMethod = /* @__PURE__ */ ((AngularDistanceMethod2) => {
 
 // src/enums/CatalogSource.ts
 var CatalogSource = /* @__PURE__ */ ((CatalogSource2) => {
+  CatalogSource2["UNKNOWN"] = "unknown";
   CatalogSource2["USSF"] = "spacetrack";
   CatalogSource2["CELESTRAK"] = "celestrak";
   CatalogSource2["CELESTRAK_SUP"] = "celestrak-sup";
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ var Epoch = class {
     const currentDateObj = this.toDateTime();
     const epochYear = currentDateObj.getUTCFullYear().toString().slice(2, 4);
     const epochDay = this.getDayOfYear_(currentDateObj);
-    const timeOfDay = (currentDateObj.getUTCHours() * 60 + currentDateObj.getUTCMinutes()) / 1440;
+    const timeOfDay = (currentDateObj.getUTCHours() * 3600 + currentDateObj.getUTCMinutes() * 60 + currentDateObj.getUTCSeconds() + currentDateObj.getUTCMilliseconds() / 1e3) / 86400;
     const epochDayStr = (epochDay + timeOfDay).toFixed(8).padStart(12, "0");
     return {
       epochYr: epochYear,
@@ -2245,6 +2246,32 @@ function createSampleCovarianceFromTle(tleLine1, tleLine2, frame = "ric" /* RIC
   const sample = new CovarianceSample(j2000State, covariance2, tle);
   return frame === "ric" /* RIC */ ? sample.desampleRIC() : sample.desampleJ2000();
 }
+var DEFAULT_SCREENING_SIGMA_CAPS = [1200, 1e3, 5e3];
+function cappedScreeningCovarianceFromTle(tleLine1, tleLine2, confidenceLevel, caps = DEFAULT_SCREENING_SIGMA_CAPS) {
+  let elements;
+  try {
+    elements = createSampleCovarianceFromTle(tleLine1, tleLine2).matrix.elements;
+  } catch {
+    return buildFallbackScreeningCovariance_(caps);
+  }
+  const radialVar = elements[0][0];
+  const intrackVar = elements[1][1];
+  const crosstrackVar = elements[2][2];
+  elements[0][0] = Math.min(Math.sqrt(radialVar) * confidenceLevel, caps[0]);
+  elements[1][1] = Math.min(Math.sqrt(crosstrackVar) * confidenceLevel, caps[1]);
+  elements[2][2] = Math.min(Math.sqrt(intrackVar) * confidenceLevel, caps[2]);
+  if (!elements[0][0] || !elements[1][1] || !elements[2][2]) {
+    return buildFallbackScreeningCovariance_(caps);
+  }
+  return new StateCovariance(new Matrix(elements), "eci" /* ECI */);
+}
+function buildFallbackScreeningCovariance_(caps) {
+  const fallback = Array.from({ length: 6 }, () => new Array(6).fill(0));
+  fallback[0][0] = caps[0];
+  fallback[1][1] = caps[1];
+  fallback[2][2] = caps[2];
+  return new StateCovariance(new Matrix(fallback), "eci" /* ECI */);
+}
 
 // src/utils/jacobian.ts
 var jacobian = (f, m, x0, step = 1e-5) => {
@@ -2271,6 +2298,17 @@ function linearDistance(pos1, pos2) {
   return Math.sqrt((pos1.x - pos2.x) ** 2 + (pos1.y - pos2.y) ** 2 + (pos1.z - pos2.z) ** 2);
 }
 
+// src/utils/photometry.ts
+var RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MIN = -5;
+var RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MAX = 15;
+function estimateVmagFromRcs(rcs) {
+  if (typeof rcs !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(rcs) || rcs <= 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const vmag = -1.3 - 2.5 * Math.log10(rcs);
+  return Math.min(Math.max(vmag, RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MIN), RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MAX);
+}
+
 // src/operations/Vector3D.ts
 var Vector3D = class _Vector3D {
   constructor(x, y, z) {
@@ -3255,7 +3293,7 @@ var Random = class {
   }
 };
 
-// ../../../node_modules/astronomy-engine/esm/astronomy.js
+// node_modules/astronomy-engine/esm/astronomy.js
 var C_AUDAY = 173.1446326846693;
 var KM_PER_AU2 = 14959787069098932e-8;
 var DEG2RAD2 = 0.017453292519943295;
@@ -9028,6 +9066,7 @@ var OemParser = class _OemParser {
     let currentBlock = null;
     let currentMetadata = {};
     let metadataComments = [];
+    let userDefined = {};
     let inMeta = false;
     let inData = false;
     let inCovariance = false;
@@ -9036,6 +9075,7 @@ var OemParser = class _OemParser {
       if (line === "META_START") {
         currentMetadata = {};
         metadataComments = [];
+        userDefined = {};
         inMeta = true;
         continue;
       }
@@ -9043,6 +9083,9 @@ var OemParser = class _OemParser {
         if (metadataComments.length > 0) {
           currentMetadata.COMMENT = metadataComments;
         }
+        if (Object.keys(userDefined).length > 0) {
+          currentMetadata.USER_DEFINED = userDefined;
+        }
         currentBlock = {
           metadata: currentMetadata,
           ephemeris: []
@@ -9081,7 +9124,9 @@ var OemParser = class _OemParser {
           const eqIndex = line.indexOf("=");
           const key = line.substring(0, eqIndex).trim();
           const value = line.substring(eqIndex + 1).trim();
-          if (key === "INTERPOLATION_DEGREE") {
+          if (key.startsWith("USER_DEFINED_")) {
+            userDefined[key.substring(13)] = value;
+          } else if (key === "INTERPOLATION_DEGREE") {
             currentMetadata[key] = parseInt(value, 10);
           } else {
             currentMetadata[key] = value;
@@ -9849,7 +9894,10 @@ var FormatTle = class _FormatTle {
    */
   static createTle(tleParams) {
     const { inc, meanmo, rasc, argPe, meana, ecen, epochyr, epochday, intl } = tleParams;
-    const scc = Tle.convert6DigitToA5(tleParams.scc);
+    let scc = Tle.convert6DigitToA5(tleParams.scc);
+    if (/^\d{1,4}$/u.test(scc)) {
+      scc = scc.padStart(5, "0");
+    }
     const epochYrStr = String(epochyr).padStart(2, "0");
     const epochdayStr = Number(epochday).toFixed(8).padStart(12, "0");
     const incStr = _FormatTle.inclination(inc);
@@ -10362,7 +10410,7 @@ var Sgp4 = class _Sgp4 {
       error: 0 /* NO_ERROR */
     };
     const xpdotp = 1440 / (2 * PI);
-    satrec.satnum = tleLine1.substring(2, 7);
+    satrec.satnum = tleLine1.charAt(7) === "V" ? "0" : tleLine1.substring(2, 7);
     satrec.epochyr = parseInt(tleLine1.substring(18, 20));
     satrec.epochdays = parseFloat(tleLine1.substring(20, 32));
     satrec.ndot = parseFloat(tleLine1.substring(33, 43));
@@ -13880,7 +13928,7 @@ var Tle = class _Tle {
     this.line1 = line1;
     this.line2 = line2;
     this.epoch = _Tle.parseEpoch_(line1.substring(18, 32));
-    this.satnum = parseInt(_Tle.convertA5to6Digit(line1.substring(2, 7)));
+    this.satnum = _Tle.satNum(this.line1);
     this.satrec_ = Sgp4.createSatrec(line1, line2, gravConst, opsMode);
   }
   toString() {
@@ -13969,7 +14017,7 @@ ${this.line2}`;
       epochYearFull = 1900 + epochYearShort;
     }
     const epochJday = epochDayOfYear + epochYearFull * 365;
-    const currentJday = getDayOfYear() + currentYearFull * 365;
+    const currentJday = getDayOfYear(nowInput) + currentYearFull * 365;
     const currentTime = (nowInput.getUTCHours() * 3600 + nowInput.getUTCMinutes() * 60 + nowInput.getUTCSeconds()) / 86400;
     const daysOld = currentJday + currentTime - epochJday;
     switch (outputUnits) {
@@ -14117,7 +14165,7 @@ ${this.line2}`;
     const BSTAR_PART_3 = _Tle.bstar_.start + 6;
     const BSTAR_PART_4 = _Tle.bstar_.stop - 1;
     const bstarSymbol = tleLine1.substring(_Tle.bstar_.start, BSTAR_PART_2);
-    let bstar1 = parseFloat(`0.${tleLine1.substring(BSTAR_PART_2, BSTAR_PART_3)}`);
+    const mantissaFraction = tleLine1.substring(BSTAR_PART_2, BSTAR_PART_3);
     const exponentSymbol = tleLine1.substring(BSTAR_PART_3, BSTAR_PART_4);
     let exponent = parseInt(tleLine1.substring(BSTAR_PART_4, _Tle.bstar_.stop));
     if (exponentSymbol === "-") {
@@ -14125,12 +14173,16 @@ ${this.line2}`;
     } else if (exponentSymbol !== "+" && exponentSymbol !== " " && exponentSymbol !== "0") {
       throw new ParseError(`Invalid BSTAR exponent symbol: ${exponentSymbol}`, "TLE");
     }
-    bstar1 *= 10 ** exponent;
+    let sign2 = 1;
+    let integerPart = "0";
     if (bstarSymbol === "-") {
-      bstar1 *= -1;
-    } else if (bstarSymbol === "+" || bstarSymbol === " " || bstarSymbol === "0") ; else {
+      sign2 = -1;
+    } else if (bstarSymbol === "+" || bstarSymbol === " " || bstarSymbol === "0") ; else if (/^\d$/u.test(bstarSymbol)) {
+      integerPart = bstarSymbol;
+    } else {
       throw new ParseError(`Invalid BSTAR symbol: ${bstarSymbol}`, "TLE");
     }
+    const bstar1 = sign2 * parseFloat(`${integerPart}.${mantissaFraction}`) * 10 ** exponent;
     return toPrecision(bstar1, 14);
   }
   /**
@@ -14185,22 +14237,25 @@ ${this.line2}`;
   }
   /**
    * Private value - used by United States Space Force to reference the orbit model used to generate the Tle. Will
-   * always be seen as zero externally (e.g. by "us", unless you are "them" - in which case, hello!).
+   * almost always be seen as zero externally (e.g. by "us", unless you are "them" - in which case, hello!).
    *
-   * Starting in 2024, this may contain a 4 if the Tle was generated using the new SGP4-XP model. Until the source code
-   * is released, there is no way to support that format in JavaScript or TypeScript.
+   * A value of 1 is tolerated in addition to 0: the field is informational and does not change how SGP4/SDP4
+   * propagate the element set, and a handful of archival TLEs carry a 1 (originally an SGP marker).
+   *
+   * A value of 4 indicates the SGP4-XP model. Until that source code is released there is no way to support that
+   * format in JavaScript or TypeScript, so it is rejected explicitly. Any other value is treated as malformed.
    * @example 0
    * @param tleLine1 The first line of the Tle to parse.
-   * @returns The ephemeris type.
+   * @returns The ephemeris type (0 or 1).
    */
   static ephemerisType(tleLine1) {
     const ephemerisType = parseInt(tleLine1.substring(_Tle.ephemerisType_.start, _Tle.ephemerisType_.stop));
-    if (ephemerisType !== 0 && ephemerisType !== 4) {
-      throw new ParseError(`Invalid ephemeris type: ${ephemerisType}`, "TLE");
-    }
     if (ephemerisType === 4) {
       throw new ParseError("SGP4-XP ephemeris type is not supported", "TLE");
     }
+    if (ephemerisType !== 0 && ephemerisType !== 1) {
+      throw new ParseError(`Invalid ephemeris type: ${ephemerisType}`, "TLE");
+    }
     return ephemerisType;
   }
   /**
@@ -14431,6 +14486,9 @@ ${this.line2}`;
    */
   static satNum(tleLine) {
     const satNumStr = tleLine.substring(_Tle.satNum_.start, _Tle.satNum_.stop);
+    if (satNumStr.trim().length === 0) {
+      return NaN;
+    }
     const sixDigitSatNum = _Tle.convertA5to6Digit(satNumStr);
     return parseInt(sixDigitSatNum);
   }
@@ -14521,16 +14579,23 @@ ${this.line2}`;
   static parse(tleLine1, tleLine2) {
     const line1 = _Tle.parseLine1(tleLine1);
     const line2 = _Tle.parseLine2(tleLine2);
-    if (line1.satNum !== line2.satNum) {
+    const isVimpel = line1.classification === "V";
+    if (!isVimpel && line1.satNum !== line2.satNum) {
+      console.info("Line 1 satNum:", line1.satNum);
+      console.info("Line 2 satNum:", line2.satNum);
       throw new ParseError("Satellite numbers do not match between TLE lines", "TLE");
     }
-    if (line1.satNumRaw !== line2.satNumRaw) {
+    if (!isVimpel && line1.satNumRaw !== line2.satNumRaw) {
+      console.info("Line 1 satNumRaw:", line1.satNumRaw);
+      console.info("Line 2 satNumRaw:", line2.satNumRaw);
       throw new ParseError("Raw satellite numbers do not match between TLE lines", "TLE");
     }
     if (line1.lineNumber1 !== 1) {
+      console.info("Line 1 line number:", line1.lineNumber1);
       throw new ParseError("First TLE line number must be 1", "TLE");
     }
     if (line2.lineNumber2 !== 2) {
+      console.info("Line 2 line number:", line2.lineNumber2);
       throw new ParseError("Second TLE line number must be 2", "TLE");
     }
     return {
@@ -14561,10 +14626,11 @@ ${this.line2}`;
   static parseAll(tleLine1, tleLine2) {
     const line1 = _Tle.parseLine1(tleLine1);
     const line2 = _Tle.parseLine2(tleLine2);
-    if (line1.satNum !== line2.satNum) {
+    const isVimpel = line1.classification === "V";
+    if (!isVimpel && line1.satNum !== line2.satNum) {
       throw new ParseError("Satellite numbers do not match between TLE lines", "TLE");
     }
-    if (line1.satNumRaw !== line2.satNumRaw) {
+    if (!isVimpel && line1.satNumRaw !== line2.satNumRaw) {
       throw new ParseError("Raw satellite numbers do not match between TLE lines", "TLE");
     }
     if (line1.lineNumber1 !== 1) {
@@ -14576,9 +14642,44 @@ ${this.line2}`;
     return { ...line1, ...line2 };
   }
   /**
-   * Converts a 6 digit SCC number to a 5 digit SCC alpha 5 number
-   * @param sccNum The 6 digit SCC number
-   * @returns The 5 digit SCC alpha 5 number
+   * Classifies a satellite catalog number by representation. See {@link SatNumKind}.
+   * Pure function; no side effects.
+   * @param sccNum The catalog number string.
+   * @returns The {@link SatNumKind} describing the input.
+   */
+  static classifySatNum(sccNum) {
+    if (typeof sccNum !== "string") {
+      return "invalid";
+    }
+    const trimmed = sccNum.trim();
+    if (trimmed.length === 0) {
+      return "invalid";
+    }
+    const first = trimmed[0];
+    if (trimmed.length === 5 && first in _Tle.alpha5_) {
+      return /^\d{4}$/u.test(trimmed.slice(1)) ? "alpha5" : "invalid";
+    }
+    if (!/^\d+$/u.test(trimmed)) {
+      return "invalid";
+    }
+    if (trimmed.length <= 5) {
+      return "numeric5";
+    }
+    if (trimmed.length === 6) {
+      return parseInt(trimmed, 10) <= 339999 ? "numeric6" : "extended";
+    }
+    return "extended";
+  }
+  /**
+   * Converts a 6-digit numeric SCC number to its 5-character alpha-5 form.
+   *
+   * Inputs shorter than 6 chars or already in alpha-5 form pass through unchanged.
+   *
+   * @param sccNum The SCC number to convert.
+   * @returns The 5-character alpha-5 representation.
+   * @throws {ValidationError} If `sccNum` exceeds the alpha-5 range (numeric value > 339 999,
+   *   or length > 6). For such IDs the canonical value should be kept on
+   *   `Satellite.sccNum` and the TLE column populated with the last 5 digits.
    */
   static convert6DigitToA5(sccNum) {
     if (sccNum.length < 6) {
@@ -14587,9 +14688,27 @@ ${this.line2}`;
     if (typeof sccNum[0] !== "string") {
       throw new ParseError("Invalid SCC number format", "TLE");
     }
+    if (sccNum.length > 6) {
+      throw new ValidationError(
+        "SCC number exceeds TLE alpha-5 capacity (max 339999); use Satellite.sccNum for the canonical ID",
+        "sccNum",
+        sccNum
+      );
+    }
     if (RegExp(/[A-Z]/iu, "u").test(sccNum[0])) {
       return sccNum;
     }
+    const numericValue = parseInt(sccNum, 10);
+    if (isNaN(numericValue)) {
+      throw new ValidationError("SCC number must be numeric", "sccNum", sccNum);
+    }
+    if (numericValue > 339999) {
+      throw new ValidationError(
+        "SCC number exceeds TLE alpha-5 capacity (max 339999); use Satellite.sccNum for the canonical ID",
+        "sccNum",
+        sccNum
+      );
+    }
     const rest = sccNum.slice(2, 6);
     let first = parseInt(`${sccNum[0]}${sccNum[1]}`);
     const iPlus = first >= 18 ? 1 : 0;
@@ -14598,9 +14717,17 @@ ${this.line2}`;
     return `${String.fromCharCode(first + 55)}${rest}`;
   }
   /**
-   * Converts a 5-digit SCC number to a 6-digit SCC number.
-   * @param sccNum - The 5-digit SCC number to convert.
-   * @returns The converted 6-digit SCC number.
+   * Converts a 5-character alpha-5 SCC number to its 6-digit numeric form.
+   *
+   * Inputs shorter than 5 chars pass through unchanged. Numeric inputs without
+   * an alpha-5 leading letter pass through unchanged (5-digit numeric, in-range
+   * 6-digit numeric, and extended 7+ digit numeric IDs are all identity).
+   *
+   * @param sccNum The SCC number to convert.
+   * @returns The 6-digit numeric representation, or the input itself if it
+   *   is already a numeric form.
+   * @throws {ValidationError} If `sccNum` is malformed: 6-digit numeric whose
+   *   value exceeds 339 999, or contains stray letters in a non-leading position.
    */
   static convertA5to6Digit(sccNum) {
     if (sccNum.length < 5) {
@@ -14611,10 +14738,33 @@ ${this.line2}`;
       throw new ParseError("Invalid SCC number format", "TLE");
     }
     if (values[0] in _Tle.alpha5_) {
+      if (!/^\d+$/u.test(sccNum.slice(1))) {
+        throw new ValidationError(
+          "Alpha-5 SCC number must have 4 trailing digits",
+          "sccNum",
+          sccNum
+        );
+      }
       const firstLetter = values[0];
       values[0] = _Tle.alpha5_[firstLetter];
+      return values.join("");
+    }
+    if (!/^\s*\d+\s*$/u.test(sccNum)) {
+      throw new ValidationError(
+        "SCC number must be alpha-5 or all-numeric",
+        "sccNum",
+        sccNum
+      );
+    }
+    const trimmed = sccNum.trim();
+    if (trimmed.length === 6 && parseInt(trimmed, 10) > 339999) {
+      throw new ValidationError(
+        "6-digit SCC number exceeds TLE alpha-5 capacity (max 339999)",
+        "sccNum",
+        sccNum
+      );
     }
-    return values.join("");
+    return sccNum;
   }
 };
 
@@ -16497,11 +16647,15 @@ var Satellite = class _Satellite extends SpaceObject {
   period;
   rightAscension;
   satrec;
-  /** The satellite catalog number as listed in the TLE. */
+  /** The canonical satellite catalog number. May be a 5-digit numeric, alpha-5,
+   * 6-digit numeric, or an extended (7+ digit) ID such as CelesTrak supplemental
+   * 9-digit IDs. */
   sccNum;
-  /** The 5 digit alpha-numeric satellite catalog number. */
+  /** The 5-character alpha-5 representation, or `null` when {@link sccNum} is
+   * an extended ID that exceeds the alpha-5 capacity (max numeric value 339 999). */
   sccNum5;
-  /** The 6 digit numeric satellite catalog number. */
+  /** The 6-digit numeric representation, or `null` when {@link sccNum} is
+   * an extended ID that exceeds the alpha-5 capacity (max numeric value 339 999). */
   sccNum6;
   tle1;
   tle2;
@@ -16683,13 +16837,57 @@ var Satellite = class _Satellite extends SpaceObject {
     return new _Satellite({ omm, name: name ?? omm.OBJECT_NAME });
   }
   // ==================== TLE/OMM Parsing ====================
+  /**
+   * Converts an OMM international designator (e.g. `"2026-114A"`) to the
+   * TLE intl-des column format (cols 10-17, e.g. `"26114A"`). Inputs that
+   * don't match the OMM `YYYY-NNNL...` pattern pass through unchanged.
+   */
+  static ommObjectIdToTleIntlDes_(objectId) {
+    if (!objectId) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    const match = objectId.match(/^\d{4}-(?<rest>\d{3}[A-Z]{1,3})$/u);
+    if (match?.groups?.rest) {
+      return objectId.slice(2, 4) + match.groups.rest;
+    }
+    return objectId;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Normalizes {@link sccNum} to the display-canonical numeric form and derives
+   * {@link sccNum5} and {@link sccNum6}. The class invariant is that
+   * `Satellite.sccNum` is always numeric — never an alpha-5 string. Alpha-5
+   * inputs ("T0001") are converted to their 6-digit numeric equivalent
+   * ("270001"); the alpha-5 form is preserved on {@link sccNum5}.
+   *
+   * Extended (7+ digit) IDs that exceed the alpha-5 capacity (max 339 999)
+   * leave sccNum5/sccNum6 set to `null`.
+   *
+   * Invalid input (empty string, malformed token) is passed through unchanged
+   * so callers can store placeholder sccNums on notional / debris stubs.
+   */
+  assignAlpha5Forms_() {
+    try {
+      this.sccNum = Tle.convertA5to6Digit(this.sccNum);
+    } catch {
+    }
+    if (/^0+\d/u.test(this.sccNum)) {
+      this.sccNum = this.sccNum.replace(/^0+/u, "");
+    }
+    const kind = Tle.classifySatNum(this.sccNum);
+    if (kind === "numeric5" || kind === "numeric6") {
+      this.sccNum5 = Tle.convert6DigitToA5(this.sccNum);
+      this.sccNum6 = this.sccNum;
+    } else {
+      this.sccNum5 = null;
+      this.sccNum6 = null;
+    }
+  }
   parseTleAndUpdateOrbit_(tle1, tle2, sccNum) {
     const tleData = Tle.parse(tle1, tle2);
     this.tle1 = tle1;
     this.tle2 = tle2;
     this.sccNum = sccNum ?? tleData.satNum.toString();
-    this.sccNum5 = Tle.convert6DigitToA5(this.sccNum);
-    this.sccNum6 = Tle.convertA5to6Digit(this.sccNum5);
+    this.assignAlpha5Forms_();
     this.intlDes = tleData.intlDes;
     this.epochYear = tleData.epochYear;
     this.epochDay = tleData.epochDay;
@@ -16712,8 +16910,7 @@ var Satellite = class _Satellite extends SpaceObject {
   parseOmmAndUpdateOrbit_(omm) {
     const noradStr = String(omm.NORAD_CAT_ID);
     this.sccNum = noradStr.padStart(5, "0");
-    this.sccNum5 = Tle.convert6DigitToA5(noradStr);
-    this.sccNum6 = Tle.convertA5to6Digit(this.sccNum5);
+    this.assignAlpha5Forms_();
     this.intlDes = omm.OBJECT_ID;
     const YYYY = omm.EPOCH.slice(0, 4);
     const MM = omm.EPOCH.slice(5, 7);
@@ -16773,8 +16970,10 @@ var Satellite = class _Satellite extends SpaceObject {
       ecen: this.eccentricity,
       epochyr: this.epochYear,
       epochday: this.epochDay,
-      intl: omm.OBJECT_ID,
-      scc: this.sccNum,
+      intl: _Satellite.ommObjectIdToTleIntlDes_(omm.OBJECT_ID),
+      // Extended (7+ digit) IDs don't fit TLE cols 3-7. Truncate to the last 5
+      // digits for the TLE string; the canonical ID stays on this.sccNum.
+      scc: Tle.classifySatNum(this.sccNum) === "extended" ? this.sccNum.slice(-5) : this.sccNum,
       bstar: this.bstar,
       meanMotionDot: this.meanMoDev1,
       meanMotionDdot: this.meanMoDev2,
@@ -21566,6 +21765,82 @@ var ModifiedGoodingIOD = class {
   }
 };
 
+// src/orbit-determination/Rv2Tle.ts
+var angleDiff_ = (a, b) => {
+  let diff = (a - b) % TAU;
+  if (diff > Math.PI) {
+    diff -= TAU;
+  } else if (diff < -Math.PI) {
+    diff += TAU;
+  }
+  return diff;
+};
+var wrapTau_ = (angle) => {
+  let wrapped = angle % TAU;
+  if (wrapped < 0) {
+    wrapped += TAU;
+  }
+  return wrapped;
+};
+var toElements_ = (epoch, position, velocity) => new J20002(
+  epoch,
+  new Vector3D(position.x, position.y, position.z),
+  new Vector3D(velocity.x, velocity.y, velocity.z)
+).toClassicalElements();
+var rv2tle = (epoch, position, velocity, options = {}) => {
+  const maxIterations = options.maxIterations ?? 15;
+  const toleranceKm = options.toleranceKm ?? 1e-4;
+  const epochUtc = EpochUTC.fromDateTime(epoch);
+  const target = toElements_(epochUtc, position, velocity);
+  let mean2 = new ClassicalElements({
+    epoch: epochUtc,
+    semimajorAxis: target.semimajorAxis,
+    eccentricity: target.eccentricity,
+    inclination: target.inclination,
+    rightAscension: target.rightAscension,
+    argPerigee: target.argPerigee,
+    trueAnomaly: target.trueAnomaly
+  });
+  let best = null;
+  for (let iteration = 1; iteration <= maxIterations; iteration++) {
+    let tle;
+    let sv;
+    try {
+      tle = Tle.fromClassicalElements(mean2);
+      const tsinceMin = (epoch.getTime() - tle.epoch.toDateTime().getTime()) / 6e4;
+      sv = Sgp4.propagate(Sgp4.createSatrec(tle.line1, tle.line2), tsinceMin);
+    } catch {
+      return best;
+    }
+    if (!sv.position || typeof sv.position === "boolean" || !sv.velocity || typeof sv.velocity === "boolean") {
+      return best;
+    }
+    const achievedPos = sv.position;
+    const achievedVel = sv.velocity;
+    const dx = achievedPos.x - position.x;
+    const dy = achievedPos.y - position.y;
+    const dz = achievedPos.z - position.z;
+    const positionErrorKm = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
+    if (!best || positionErrorKm < best.positionErrorKm) {
+      best = { tle1: tle.line1, tle2: tle.line2, positionErrorKm, iterations: iteration };
+    }
+    if (positionErrorKm < toleranceKm) {
+      break;
+    }
+    const achieved = toElements_(epochUtc, achievedPos, achievedVel);
+    mean2 = new ClassicalElements({
+      epoch: epochUtc,
+      semimajorAxis: mean2.semimajorAxis + (target.semimajorAxis - achieved.semimajorAxis),
+      eccentricity: Math.min(Math.max(mean2.eccentricity + (target.eccentricity - achieved.eccentricity), 0), 0.999),
+      inclination: Math.min(Math.max(mean2.inclination + angleDiff_(target.inclination, achieved.inclination), 0), Math.PI),
+      rightAscension: wrapTau_(mean2.rightAscension + angleDiff_(target.rightAscension, achieved.rightAscension)),
+      argPerigee: wrapTau_(mean2.argPerigee + angleDiff_(target.argPerigee, achieved.argPerigee)),
+      trueAnomaly: wrapTau_(mean2.trueAnomaly + angleDiff_(target.trueAnomaly, achieved.trueAnomaly))
+    });
+  }
+  return best;
+};
+
 // src/covariance/CovarianceSample.ts
 var CovarianceSample = class {
   origin_;
@@ -21758,6 +22033,19 @@ var CovarianceSample = class {
   }
 };
 
+// src/covariance/displayRadii.ts
+function scaleAndClampRicSigmas(sigmas, confidence, caps) {
+  const { radial, inTrack, crossTrack } = sigmas;
+  if (![radial, inTrack, crossTrack].every((v) => Number.isFinite(v) && v >= 0)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return {
+    radial: Math.min(radial * confidence, caps.radial),
+    inTrack: Math.min(inTrack * confidence, caps.inTrack),
+    crossTrack: Math.min(crossTrack * confidence, caps.crossTrack)
+  };
+}
+
 // src/conjunction/ConjunctionAssessment.ts
 var ConjunctionAssessment = class {
   constructor(primary, secondary) {
@@ -24182,12 +24470,12 @@ var HorizonsParser = class {
     for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
       const line = lines[i].trim();
       if (line.startsWith("Target body name:")) {
-        targetName = this.extractValue_(line, "Target body name:");
+        targetName = this.extractTargetName_(line, "Target body name:");
         metadata.targetName = targetName;
       } else if (line.startsWith("Center body name:")) {
         centerBody = this.extractValue_(line, "Center body name:");
         metadata.centerBody = centerBody;
-      } else if (line.startsWith("Center-site name:")) {
+      } else if (line.startsWith("Center-site name:") && !centerBody) {
         centerBody = this.extractValue_(line, "Center-site name:");
         metadata.centerBody = centerBody;
       } else if (line.startsWith("Output type:")) {
@@ -24242,7 +24530,7 @@ var HorizonsParser = class {
     for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
       const line = lines[i].trim();
       if (line.startsWith("Target body name:")) {
-        targetName = this.extractValue_(line, "Target body name:");
+        targetName = this.extractTargetName_(line, "Target body name:");
       } else if (line.startsWith("Center-site name:")) {
         observerLocation = this.extractValue_(line, "Center-site name:");
       }
@@ -24273,7 +24561,23 @@ var HorizonsParser = class {
    */
   static extractValue_(line, key) {
     const value = line.substring(key.length).trim();
-    return value.split(/\s{2,}/)[0].trim();
+    return value.split(/\s{2,}/u)[0].trim();
+  }
+  /**
+   * Extracts the target body name, stripping parenthetical descriptors and IDs.
+   *
+   * Horizons format examples:
+   * - "1 Ceres                       {source: astDys}" → "1 Ceres"
+   * - "Artemis II (spacecraft) (-1024) {source: ...}"  → "Artemis II"
+   * - "Mars (499)"                                     → "Mars"
+   */
+  static extractTargetName_(line, key) {
+    const raw = this.extractValue_(line, key);
+    const parenIdx = raw.search(/\s\(/u);
+    if (parenIdx > 0) {
+      return raw.substring(0, parenIdx).trim();
+    }
+    return raw;
   }
   /**
    * Parses a vector data line from Horizons output.
@@ -24343,7 +24647,9 @@ var HorizonsParser = class {
       return null;
     }
     const posLine = allLines[nextIndex].trim();
-    const posMatch = posLine.match(/X\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+Y\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+Z\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)/i);
+    const posMatchLabeled = posLine.match(/X\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+Y\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+Z\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)/iu);
+    const posMatchBare = !posMatchLabeled ? posLine.match(/^\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+([-\d.E+]+)\s+([-\d.E+]+)\s*$/iu) : null;
+    const posMatch = posMatchLabeled ?? posMatchBare;
     if (!posMatch) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -24355,7 +24661,9 @@ var HorizonsParser = class {
     let velocity;
     if (nextIndex < allLines.length) {
       const velLine = allLines[nextIndex].trim();
-      const velMatch = velLine.match(/VX\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+VY\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+VZ\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)/i);
+      const velMatchLabeled = velLine.match(/VX\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+VY\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+VZ\s*=\s*([-\d.E+]+)/iu);
+      const velMatchBare = !velMatchLabeled ? velLine.match(/^\s*([-\d.E+]+)\s+([-\d.E+]+)\s+([-\d.E+]+)\s*$/iu) : null;
+      const velMatch = velMatchLabeled ?? velMatchBare;
       if (velMatch) {
         velocity = new Vector3D(
           parseFloat(velMatch[1]),
@@ -24365,6 +24673,17 @@ var HorizonsParser = class {
         nextIndex++;
       }
     }
+    while (nextIndex < allLines.length) {
+      const extraLine = allLines[nextIndex].trim();
+      if (extraLine === "$$EOE" || extraLine.length === 0 || /^\d+\.\d+\s*=\s*A\.D\./u.test(extraLine)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (/^\s*[-\d.E+]+(\s+[-\d.E+]+)*\s*$/u.test(extraLine)) {
+        nextIndex++;
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
     return {
       data: { epoch, position, velocity },
       nextIndex
@@ -25111,6 +25430,58 @@ var OdmExporter = class _OdmExporter {
     return lines.join("\n");
   }
   // ==========================================================================
+  // OEM from State Vectors — direct J2000 array export
+  // ==========================================================================
+  /**
+   * Export an array of J2000 state vectors as OEM KVN.
+   *
+   * Unlike {@link formatOem}, which propagates a TLE-based satellite, this
+   * method serializes pre-computed state vectors directly. Useful for
+   * converting parsed ephemeris data (e.g., NASA Horizons) to CCSDS OEM.
+   *
+   * @param stateVectors - Array of J2000 state vectors to export
+   * @param metadata - Object identification metadata
+   * @param options - Export configuration
+   * @returns OEM KVN format string
+   */
+  static formatOemFromStateVectors(stateVectors, metadata, options = {}) {
+    if (stateVectors.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error("Cannot export OEM with no state vectors");
+    }
+    const refFrame = options.refFrame ?? "EME2000";
+    const centerName = options.centerName ?? "EARTH";
+    const startTime = stateVectors[0].epoch.toDateTime();
+    const stopTime = stateVectors[stateVectors.length - 1].epoch.toDateTime();
+    const lines = [];
+    lines.push("CCSDS_OEM_VERS = 2.0");
+    _OdmExporter.appendComments_(lines, options.comments);
+    lines.push(`CREATION_DATE = ${_OdmExporter.formatDateTime_(/* @__PURE__ */ new Date())}`);
+    lines.push(`ORIGINATOR = ${options.originator ?? "KeepTrack"}`);
+    if (options.messageId) {
+      lines.push(`MESSAGE_ID = ${options.messageId}`);
+    }
+    lines.push("");
+    lines.push("META_START");
+    lines.push(`OBJECT_NAME = ${metadata.objectName}`);
+    lines.push(`OBJECT_ID = ${metadata.objectId}`);
+    lines.push(`CENTER_NAME = ${centerName}`);
+    lines.push(`REF_FRAME = ${refFrame}`);
+    lines.push("TIME_SYSTEM = UTC");
+    lines.push(`START_TIME = ${_OdmExporter.formatDateTime_(startTime)}`);
+    lines.push(`STOP_TIME = ${_OdmExporter.formatDateTime_(stopTime)}`);
+    lines.push(`INTERPOLATION = ${options.interpolation ?? "LAGRANGE"}`);
+    lines.push(`INTERPOLATION_DEGREE = ${options.interpolationDegree ?? 7}`);
+    lines.push("META_STOP");
+    lines.push("");
+    for (const sv of stateVectors) {
+      const epoch = _OdmExporter.formatDateTime_(sv.epoch.toDateTime());
+      lines.push(
+        `${epoch}  ${_OdmExporter.formatNumber_(sv.position.x)}  ${_OdmExporter.formatNumber_(sv.position.y)}  ${_OdmExporter.formatNumber_(sv.position.z)}  ${_OdmExporter.formatNumber_(sv.velocity.x)}  ${_OdmExporter.formatNumber_(sv.velocity.y)}  ${_OdmExporter.formatNumber_(sv.velocity.z)}`
+      );
+    }
+    return lines.join("\n");
+  }
+  // ==========================================================================
   // OMM — Orbit Mean-Elements Message
   // ==========================================================================
   /**
@@ -29477,8 +29848,20 @@ var OrbitFinder = class _OrbitFinder {
     this.debug_(`Found perigee at altitude ${perigeeParams.altitude} km`);
     return perigeeParams;
   }
+  /**
+   * Returns the 5-char satnum to embed in the synthesized TLEs.
+   *
+   * Why not {@link Satellite.sccNum}? For extended (7+ digit) IDs sccNum is
+   * the full 9-digit canonical value, which would push the TLE past 69 chars
+   * and break Sgp4.createSatrec. The input tle1 always has a valid 5-char
+   * satnum at columns 2-6, and SGP4 itself doesn't care what value lives
+   * there as long as line 1 and line 2 agree — so use that.
+   */
+  tleSatNum_() {
+    return this.sat_.tle1.substring(2, 7);
+  }
   generateTle1_() {
-    return `1 ${this.sat_.sccNum}U ${this.sat_.tle1.substring(9, 17)} ${this.sat_.tle1.substring(18, 32)}${this.sat_.tle1.substring(32, 71)}`;
+    return `1 ${this.tleSatNum_()}U ${this.sat_.tle1.substring(9, 17)} ${this.sat_.tle1.substring(18, 32)}${this.sat_.tle1.substring(32, 71)}`;
   }
   generateTle2_(newParams) {
     const mergedParams = {
@@ -29493,7 +29876,7 @@ var OrbitFinder = class _OrbitFinder {
     const argPer = mergedParams.argOfPerigee.toFixed(4).padStart(8, "0");
     const meanA = mergedParams.meanAnomaly.toFixed(4).padStart(8, "0");
     const meanMo = this.sat_.tle2.substring(52, 63);
-    return `2 ${this.sat_.sccNum} ${inc} ${raan} ${ecc} ${argPer} ${meanA} ${meanMo}    10`;
+    return `2 ${this.tleSatNum_()} ${inc} ${raan} ${ecc} ${argPer} ${meanA} ${meanMo}    10`;
   }
 };
 
@@ -29853,6 +30236,33 @@ var RepeatGroundTrack = class _RepeatGroundTrack {
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with
  * Orbital Object ToolKit. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
+/**
+ * @author Theodore Kruczek.
+ * @description Orbital Object ToolKit (ootk) is a collection of tools for working
+ * with satellites and other orbital objects.
+ *
+ * @license MIT License
+ *
+ * @Copyright (c) 2025 Theodore Kruczek
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
 /**
  * @author Theodore Kruczek
  * @description Orbital Object ToolKit (ootk) is a collection of tools for working
@@ -30082,6 +30492,8 @@ exports.Quaternion = Quaternion;
 exports.RAD2DEG = RAD2DEG;
 exports.RADIUS_OF_EARTH = RADIUS_OF_EARTH;
 exports.RAE = RAE;
+exports.RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MAX = RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MAX;
+exports.RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MIN = RCS_VMAG_ESTIMATE_MIN;
 exports.RIC = RIC;
 exports.RadarSensor = RadarSensor;
 exports.RadecGeocentric = RadecGeocentric;
@@ -30159,6 +30571,7 @@ exports.calcIncFromAz = calcIncFromAz;
 exports.calcInertAz = calcInertAz;
 exports.calculateFspl = calculateFspl;
 exports.calculatePropagationDelay = calculatePropagationDelay;
+exports.cappedScreeningCovarianceFromTle = cappedScreeningCovarianceFromTle;
 exports.clamp = clamp;
 exports.concat = concat;
 exports.copySign = copySign;
@@ -30183,6 +30596,7 @@ exports.eci2lla = eci2lla;
 exports.eci2rae = eci2rae;
 exports.enu2rf = enu2rf;
 exports.estimateRcs = estimateRcs;
+exports.estimateVmagFromRcs = estimateVmagFromRcs;
 exports.evalPoly = evalPoly;
 exports.factorial = factorial;
 exports.gamma = gamma;
@@ -30223,6 +30637,8 @@ exports.rae2raeOffBoresight = rae2raeOffBoresight;
 exports.rae2ruv = rae2ruv;
 exports.rae2sez = rae2sez;
 exports.relativeVelocity = relativeVelocity;
+exports.rv2tle = rv2tle;
+exports.scaleAndClampRicSigmas = scaleAndClampRicSigmas;
 exports.sec2day = sec2day;
 exports.sec2deg = sec2deg;
 exports.sec2min = sec2min;