onejs-sl 0.4.0 → 0.5.0

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 0.5.0
+
+Real control flow: an `if` runs only the side it picks, a loop that cannot unroll runs as a loop, and `int`, `uint` and `bool` are types. A program with an `if` statement gets a new hash, which a build regenerates; every other program keeps its hash and its shader.
+
+- `if` is a real branch, and `return` works anywhere
+- `while`, `break`, `continue` and `switch`; a case never falls through
+- A `for` unrolls when its turns are known, 64 or fewer, and nothing leaves early; any other loop is real, with a turn limit
+- `int`, `uint` and `bool`; two ints divide toward zero; bit operators and `5u` literals
+- Braces on their own are a block with its own scope
+- A local declared without a value holds zero
+- `sl.branch` and `sl.loop` record control flow from code
+- IR 4: `if`, `loop`, `param` and `proj` nodes and int, uint and bool values; a program without them stays IR 3
+- `fromGLSL` keeps `int`, `uint` and `bool`
+
 ## 0.4.0
 
 Every hash changes once, so a program built in code is recorded again: run the app in the editor once, then build. A program from a `.sl` file needs only the app rebuilt. A host reading programs as JSON reads 0.3.0's files as before.

package/README.md

@@ -341,27 +341,44 @@ IR 2 came with #129. A shape takes as many parameters as it reads
 used to take four and lose the rest. IR 3 added `SAMPLE_LOD`, and made an
 SDF's shape parameters and a noise's octave count operands, where they were
 immediates, so they can be any value; a constant one still prints as its
-number. `fromJSON` moves an older file's immediates to operands.
+number. `fromJSON` moves an older file's immediates to operands. IR 4 added
+control flow (the `if` and `loop` nodes, a loop's `param`s and each result's
+`proj`) and int, uint and bool values (a node's `kind`). A program that uses
+none of them is still IR 3 and keeps its hash; one with an `if` statement is
+IR 4, since the statement is now a real branch rather than a select.
 
 ## Control flow
 
-There is none in the IR, deliberately. `sl.select`, `sl.step`, `sl.smoothstep` and
-`sl.mix` cover branching without branching, and `sl.repeat(n, body, seed)`
-unrolls at record time because `n` is a JavaScript number.
-
-`repeat` is honest about being a macro rather than a loop. It covers fbm,
-layered noise and small iterated distance fields, which is most of what 2D
-shaders loop for. A loop with a runtime count is `Specs/SL_NEXT.md` proposal
-3b. Because it unrolls, the count multiplies the body's operation count.
-`compile` has no ceiling, so a long program costs what it costs, as any shader
-does; `corpus/long.sl` is over a thousand operations.
-
-Every loop that reaches a GPU is therefore bounded by a constant: `repeat` is
-unrolled, fbm's octaves are held to 1 to 4 even when the count is a value, the
-helper loops in the noise and Voronoi functions have fixed trip counts. No program can hang a GPU today,
-so the compiled backends carry no loop cap. A data dependent loop (the
-raymarching tier) would need one emitted into every loop it prints, since a GPU
-reset takes the whole page's device, Unity's included.
+IR 4 has it: an `if` node runs one of its two regions and gives back their
+results, and a `loop` node carries its values through turns while its
+condition holds. `sl.branch(cond, whenTrue, whenFalse)` and
+`sl.loop(init, cond, body, max)` record them, and the text form lowers `if`,
+`for`, `while`, `break`, `continue`, `switch` and a `return` anywhere onto the
+two (`src/lang/lower.ts` says how: a return or break that only some ways
+through reach is a flag, and what follows runs under a branch on it). No
+emitter ever prints a statement that returns or breaks from inside a region;
+every one prints the same structured body.
+
+`structure.ts` decides where each node is computed: in the innermost region
+every use of it is inside. A value only a branch needs is computed only when
+the branch runs, one only a loop's body reads is computed each turn, and one
+needed on both sides is computed once, before either. It also marks the
+regions whose flow differs between neighbouring pixels, where a texture
+sample has no neighbours to take its mip level from; every emitter samples
+level 0 there, so every backend draws the same picture.
+
+A `for` in the text form still unrolls when its turns are known, are 64 or
+fewer, and nothing in it leaves early, and `sl.repeat(n, body, seed)` still
+unrolls at record time because `n` is a JavaScript number. Everything else is
+a real loop.
+
+Every real loop has a turn limit, `max`, emitted into the loop itself: the
+count a constant bound gives, the `[Range]` maximum of a uniform bound, or
+1024 when the bound says neither. A loop that reaches it leaves as if its
+condition had failed. That is what keeps a data dependent loop, a ray march
+say, from hanging a GPU, whose reset takes the whole page's device, Unity's
+included. `Tools/sl-loop-timing` in the container times a loop that breaks
+early against the same maths unrolled, on each backend.
 
 ## See also
 

package/goldens/goldens.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "generatedBy": "onejs-sl goldens/run.mjs",
- "package": "0.4.0",
- "ir": 3,
+ "package": "0.5.0",
+ "ir": 4,
  "target": "rgba8unorm-srgb: straight alpha, 8 bit, sRGB encoded, the stored bytes of a Linear OneJS game's element",
  "size": [
   64,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  "exact": "a fixture marked exact has to draw its samples to the byte, not within 1/255",
  "fixtures": {
   "branch.sl": {
-   "hash": "e8f6cc47",
+   "hash": "f5ab226f",
    "source": "// A branch, a colour literal and a function that returns a vector.\nuniform float4 tint = #ff8040;\n\nfloat2 swirl(float2 p, float a) {\n    float c = cos(a);\n    float s = sin(a);\n    return float2(p.x * c - p.y * s, p.x * s + p.y * c);\n}\n\nfloat4 main() {\n    float2 q = swirl(uv - 0.5, time * 0.3);\n    float v = 0.25;\n    if (q.x > 0.1) { v = 0.75; } else { v = fbm(q * 3, 4); }\n    return float4(tint.rgb * v, 1);\n}\n",
    "samples": {
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@@ -93,6 +93,14 @@
     "1.25": [98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,98,74,46,255,108,81,51,255,121,92,58,255,138,105,67,255,161,123,80,255,187,143,93,255,214,165,108,255,223,171,113,255,230,177,117,255,237,182,120,255,242,187,123,255,246,190,125,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255,248,191,126,255]
    }
   },
+  "early-return.sl": {
+   "hash": "36371b89",
+   "source": "// A circular window that computes its plasma only inside (Specs/SL_NEXT.md 3a):\n// the early return puts the rest of main on the other side of one real branch,\n// and the texture read after it is in flow that differs per pixel, so every\n// backend samples it at level 0.\ntexture2D t;\nfloat4 main() {\n    float2 p = uv - 0.5;\n    if (length(p) > 0.45) return float4(0, 0, 0, 0);\n    float v = fbm(p * 5 + time * 0.2, 4);\n    float4 c = tex2D(t, uv);\n    return float4(lerp(c.rgb, float3(v, v * 0.6, 1 - v), 0.5), 1);\n}\n",
+   "samples": {
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+   }
+  },
   "ember.sl": {
    "hash": "9a55af34",
    "source": "// A fire, in one file: one texture, one loop, one function.\n//\n// Everything a Unity shader makes you write that is not the effect is absent.\n// No Properties block, no SubShader, no CGPROGRAM, no appdata or v2f, no\n// _Time.y. `uniform` declares the slot AND the name React binds against, and\n// `texture2D` does the same for a sampler.\n//\n// This program sits at exactly 8 of the VM's 8 registers, which is why it is\n// in the corpus: the VM refused a ninth live value. Compiled, there is no such\n// ceiling, and the same file draws the same in the editor, a player and a\n// browser, with no edit in between.\ntexture2D smoke;\n\nuniform float heat = 0.55;\nuniform float2 source = float2(0.5, 0.08);\n\n// Layered noise: one texture, three scales, drifting.\n//\n// The loop UNROLLS at build time. `i` is a number the parser substitutes, so\n// both backends see straight line code and neither needs a branch, which is\n// also why the bound has to be a constant. The function inlines, so calling it\n// costs exactly what writing the three lines out would.\nfloat plume(float2 p, float t) {\n    float s = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {\n        s = s + tex2D(smoke, p * (1 + i * 1.9) - t).r * (0.6 / (1 + i));\n    }\n    return s;\n}\n\nfloat4 main() {\n    float2 p = uv - source;\n    // A cone: narrow across, tall up, brightest at the source.\n    float cone = saturate(1 - length(p * float2(3, 1.1)));\n    float fuel = saturate(cone * (0.5 + heat) * (plume(p, time * 0.4) + 0.35));\n\n    // Colours as written. They are mixed in sRGB and converted once, so the\n    // ramp reads as evenly as its swatches do.\n    return ramp(fuel, #00000000, #b53205cc, #ff8a20, #ffe7b0);\n}\n",
@@ -127,6 +135,15 @@
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    }
   },
+  "int-ops.sl": {
+   "hash": "f15eab80",
+   "exact": true,
+   "source": "// Integer arithmetic and bits, per cell, drawn as 0 or 1 per channel so two\n// backends can only agree by computing the same whole numbers: truncating\n// division and remainder of negatives, zero divisors, conversions past the\n// int's range, wrapping, shifts past 31, and a uint hash.\nfloat4 main() {\n    int cell = int(floor(uv.x * 8)) + 8 * int(floor(uv.y * 8));\n    int a = cell - 32;\n    int b = (cell % 5) - 2;\n    uint h = uint(cell) * 747796405u + 2891336453u;\n    h = ((h >> ((h >> 28u) + 4u)) ^ h) * 277803737u;\n    h ^= h >> 22u;\n    int big = int(float(cell) * 1e9) + 2147483647;\n    bool odd = (a & 1) != 0;\n    bool neg = a / 3 < 0 || a % 3 < 0;\n    bool mid = a >= -8 && a <= 8;\n    float r = ((b == 0 ? a / 1 : a / b) | (mid ? 1 : 0)) % 2 != 0 ? 1 : 0;\n    float g = ((h & 0xffu) > 127u) != odd ? 1 : 0;\n    float bl = float(((big >> 31) & 1) ^ int(neg) ^ ((~cell & ((1 << (cell + 30)) >> 1)) != 0 ? 1 : 0));\n    return float4(r, g, bl, 1);\n}\n",
+   "samples": {
+    "0": [0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255],
+    "1.25": [0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,0,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255]
+   }
+  },
   "lod.sl": {
    "hash": "ac177cc0",
    "source": "// An anchor for tex2Dlod: four bands, left to right, each reading one mip level\n// of the goldens' texture. Level 0 is the image and levels 1 to 3 are each one\n// solid colour, so a band that read the wrong level shows it.\ntexture2D t;\nfloat4 main() { return tex2Dlod(t, uv, floor(uv.x * 4)); }\n",
@@ -143,6 +160,30 @@
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    }
   },
+  "loop-break.sl": {
+   "hash": "e4d47563",
+   "source": "// A raymarched sphere that stops each ray where it hits (Specs/SL_NEXT.md 3b),\n// and a light that circles it: a real loop of at most 64 turns with a break.\nfloat4 main() {\n    float2 p = (uv - 0.5) * float2(aspect, 1) * 2;\n    float3 ro = float3(0, 0, -3);\n    float3 rd = normalize(float3(p, 1.6));\n    float t = 0;\n    bool hit = false;\n    for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {\n        float d = length(ro + rd * t) - 1;\n        if (d < 0.001) { hit = true; break; }\n        t += d;\n        if (t > 8) break;\n    }\n    if (!hit) return float4(0.05, 0.05, 0.08, 1);\n    float3 n = normalize(ro + rd * t);\n    float3 light = normalize(float3(cos(time), 0.6, sin(time)));\n    float lit = max(dot(n, light), 0) * 0.9 + 0.1;\n    return float4(lit, lit * 0.8, lit * 0.6, 1);\n}\n",
+   "samples": {
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+   }
+  },
+  "loop-cap.sl": {
+   "hash": "9e8ae25d",
+   "source": "// The turn limit that guarantees every loop stops (Specs/SL_NEXT.md 3b): a\n// loop that never ends by itself leaves after 1024 turns on every backend, so\n// its count is exact; a loop of continues and a return from inside a loop\n// share the frame.\nfloat4 main() {\n    int n = 0;\n    while (true) { n++; }\n    int odd = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < int(uv.x * 40); i++) {\n        if (i % 2 == 0) continue;\n        odd++;\n    }\n    float r = n == 1024 ? 1 : 0;\n    float g = float(odd) / 20;\n    for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++) {\n        if (float(j) > uv.y * 100) return float4(r, g, float(j) / 100, 1);\n    }\n    return float4(r, g, 1, 1);\n}\n",
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+  "loop-uniform.sl": {
+   "hash": "2f4c28c0",
+   "source": "// A Mandelbrot set whose iteration count is a uniform (Specs/SL_NEXT.md 3b):\n// a real loop, capped at the Range's max, that leaves by break as each point escapes.\n[Range(16, 256)] uniform float iterations = 96;\nfloat4 main() {\n    float2 c = (uv - float2(0.7, 0.5)) * float2(3, 2.4);\n    float2 z = 0;\n    int n = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < int(iterations); i++) {\n        if (dot(z, z) > 4) break;\n        z = float2(z.x * z.x - z.y * z.y, 2 * z.x * z.y) + c;\n        n++;\n    }\n    float t = float(n) / iterations;\n    return float4(t, sqrt(t), t * t, 1);\n}\n",
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+   }
+  },
   "orient.sl": {
    "hash": "4838e4b8",
    "source": "// An anchor: red is uv.x, green is uv.y, so a golden's orientation and its\n// linear-to-sRGB store can be checked against arithmetic, not against itself.\nfloat4 main() { return float4(uv.x, uv.y, 0, 1); }\n",
@@ -186,6 +227,14 @@
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    }
   },
+  "switch.sl": {
+   "hash": "1a535831",
+   "source": "// A switch over an int, as the if chain it means (Specs/SL_NEXT.md 3a): one\n// case per band, two labels stacked on one body, and a default.\n[Range(0, 3)] uniform int mode = 2;\nfloat4 main() {\n    float t = 0;\n    switch (int(uv.x * 5)) {\n        case 0: t = uv.y; break;\n        case 1: t = 1 - uv.y; break;\n        case 2: case 3: t = length(uv - 0.5) * 1.4; break;\n        default: t = frac(uv.y * 4); break;\n    }\n    float3 tint = float3(1, 1, 1);\n    switch (mode) {\n        case 0: tint = float3(1, 0.4, 0.2); break;\n        case 2: tint = float3(0.2, 0.6, 1); break;\n        default: break;\n    }\n    return float4(tint * t, 1);\n}\n",
+   "samples": {
+    "0": [121,200,251,255,121,200,251,255,121,200,251,255,22,42,56,255,22,42,56,255,22,42,56,255,101,168,212,255,101,167,210,255,101,167,210,255,102,169,212,255,103,172,216,255,106,176,220,255,109,180,226,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,118,194,243,255,118,194,243,255,118,194,243,255,39,70,90,255,39,70,90,255,39,70,90,255,95,158,199,255,94,157,197,255,94,157,197,255,95,159,200,255,97,162,204,255,100,167,210,255,104,172,216,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,114,188,236,255,114,188,236,255,114,188,236,255,51,88,113,255,51,88,113,255,51,88,113,255,88,147,185,255,87,145,183,255,87,145,183,255,88,148,186,255,91,152,191,255,95,158,198,255,99,164,206,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,110,181,228,255,110,181,228,255,110,181,228,255,60,103,131,255,60,103,131,255,60,103,131,255,80,135,170,255,78,132,167,255,79,132,167,255,81,136,171,255,84,141,178,255,89,148,187,255,94,156,197,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,105,175,219,255,105,175,219,255,105,175,219,255,68,116,146,255,68,116,146,255,68,116,146,255,71,121,153,255,69,117,148,255,69,118,149,255,72,123,155,255,77,130,165,255,83,139,176,255,89,149,188,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,101,168,211,255,101,168,211,255,101,168,211,255,75,127,160,255,75,127,160,255,75,127,160,255,62,106,134,255,58,100,127,255,58,101,128,255,63,108,137,255,70,119,151,255,78,131,166,255,85,143,180,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,96,160,201,255,96,160,201,255,96,160,201,255,81,137,172,255,81,137,172,255,81,137,172,255,52,90,115,255,44,77,99,255,45,80,102,255,54,94,120,255,64,110,139,255,74,125,157,255,82,138,174,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,91,152,191,255,91,152,191,255,91,152,191,255,87,146,184,255,87,146,184,255,87,146,184,255,44,77,99,255,24,46,61,255,30,55,71,255,48,84,107,255,61,104,132,255,71,121,153,255,81,135,171,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,86,143,181,255,86,143,181,255,86,143,181,255,92,154,194,255,92,154,194,255,92,154,194,255,45,80,102,255,30,55,71,255,33,61,79,255,49,85,109,255,61,105,133,255,72,122,154,255,81,136,171,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,80,134,169,255,80,134,169,255,80,134,169,255,97,162,204,255,97,162,204,255,97,162,204,255,54,94,120,255,48,84,107,255,49,85,109,255,57,97,124,255,66,112,142,255,75,126,159,255,83,139,175,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,73,124,157,255,73,124,157,255,73,124,157,255,102,169,213,255,102,169,213,255,102,169,213,255,64,110,139,255,61,104,132,255,61,105,133,255,66,112,142,255,72,122,154,255,79,133,168,255,86,144,182,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,66,113,143,255,66,113,143,255,66,113,143,255,106,176,221,255,106,176,221,255,106,176,221,255,74,125,157,255,71,121,153,255,72,122,154,255,75,126,159,255,79,133,168,255,84,142,179,255,90,151,190,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,58,100,127,255,58,100,127,255,58,100,127,255,111,183,230,255,111,183,230,255,111,183,230,255,82,138,174,255,81,135,171,255,81,136,171,255,83,139,175,255,86,144,182,255,90,151,190,255,95,158,199,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,48,84,107,255,48,84,107,255,48,84,107,255,115,189,238,255,115,189,238,255,115,189,238,255,90,150,189,255,88,148,186,255,89,148,187,255,90,151,190,255,93,155,195,255,96,160,201,255,100,166,209,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,35,64,83,255,35,64,83,255,35,64,83,255,119,195,245,255,119,195,245,255,119,195,245,255,97,161,202,255,96,159,200,255,96,160,201,255,97,161,203,255,99,165,207,255,102,169,212,255,105,174,219,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,15,32,42,255,15,32,42,255,15,32,42,255,122,201,252,255,122,201,252,255,122,201,252,255,103,171,215,255,102,170,213,255,102,170,214,255,103,171,215,255,105,174,219,255,107,178,223,255,110,182,229,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255],
+    "1.25": [121,200,251,255,121,200,251,255,121,200,251,255,22,42,56,255,22,42,56,255,22,42,56,255,101,168,212,255,101,167,210,255,101,167,210,255,102,169,212,255,103,172,216,255,106,176,220,255,109,180,226,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,118,194,243,255,118,194,243,255,118,194,243,255,39,70,90,255,39,70,90,255,39,70,90,255,95,158,199,255,94,157,197,255,94,157,197,255,95,159,200,255,97,162,204,255,100,167,210,255,104,172,216,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,114,188,236,255,114,188,236,255,114,188,236,255,51,88,113,255,51,88,113,255,51,88,113,255,88,147,185,255,87,145,183,255,87,145,183,255,88,148,186,255,91,152,191,255,95,158,198,255,99,164,206,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,110,181,228,255,110,181,228,255,110,181,228,255,60,103,131,255,60,103,131,255,60,103,131,255,80,135,170,255,78,132,167,255,79,132,167,255,81,136,171,255,84,141,178,255,89,148,187,255,94,156,197,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,105,175,219,255,105,175,219,255,105,175,219,255,68,116,146,255,68,116,146,255,68,116,146,255,71,121,153,255,69,117,148,255,69,118,149,255,72,123,155,255,77,130,165,255,83,139,176,255,89,149,188,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,101,168,211,255,101,168,211,255,101,168,211,255,75,127,160,255,75,127,160,255,75,127,160,255,62,106,134,255,58,100,127,255,58,101,128,255,63,108,137,255,70,119,151,255,78,131,166,255,85,143,180,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,96,160,201,255,96,160,201,255,96,160,201,255,81,137,172,255,81,137,172,255,81,137,172,255,52,90,115,255,44,77,99,255,45,80,102,255,54,94,120,255,64,110,139,255,74,125,157,255,82,138,174,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,91,152,191,255,91,152,191,255,91,152,191,255,87,146,184,255,87,146,184,255,87,146,184,255,44,77,99,255,24,46,61,255,30,55,71,255,48,84,107,255,61,104,132,255,71,121,153,255,81,135,171,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,86,143,181,255,86,143,181,255,86,143,181,255,92,154,194,255,92,154,194,255,92,154,194,255,45,80,102,255,30,55,71,255,33,61,79,255,49,85,109,255,61,105,133,255,72,122,154,255,81,136,171,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,80,134,169,255,80,134,169,255,80,134,169,255,97,162,204,255,97,162,204,255,97,162,204,255,54,94,120,255,48,84,107,255,49,85,109,255,57,97,124,255,66,112,142,255,75,126,159,255,83,139,175,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,73,124,157,255,73,124,157,255,73,124,157,255,102,169,213,255,102,169,213,255,102,169,213,255,64,110,139,255,61,104,132,255,61,105,133,255,66,112,142,255,72,122,154,255,79,133,168,255,86,144,182,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,66,113,143,255,66,113,143,255,66,113,143,255,106,176,221,255,106,176,221,255,106,176,221,255,74,125,157,255,71,121,153,255,72,122,154,255,75,126,159,255,79,133,168,255,84,142,179,255,90,151,190,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,58,100,127,255,58,100,127,255,58,100,127,255,111,183,230,255,111,183,230,255,111,183,230,255,82,138,174,255,81,135,171,255,81,136,171,255,83,139,175,255,86,144,182,255,90,151,190,255,95,158,199,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,114,189,237,255,48,84,107,255,48,84,107,255,48,84,107,255,115,189,238,255,115,189,238,255,115,189,238,255,90,150,189,255,88,148,186,255,89,148,187,255,90,151,190,255,93,155,195,255,96,160,201,255,100,166,209,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,97,161,202,255,35,64,83,255,35,64,83,255,35,64,83,255,119,195,245,255,119,195,245,255,119,195,245,255,97,161,202,255,96,159,200,255,96,160,201,255,97,161,203,255,99,165,207,255,102,169,212,255,105,174,219,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,74,125,158,255,15,32,42,255,15,32,42,255,15,32,42,255,122,201,252,255,122,201,252,255,122,201,252,255,103,171,215,255,102,170,213,255,102,170,214,255,103,171,215,255,105,174,219,255,107,178,223,255,110,182,229,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255,37,67,86,255]
+   }
+  },
   "texture.sl": {
    "hash": "0764a372",
    "source": "// An anchor: the texture itself, so its orientation and its sRGB decode can be\n// checked against the texture's own definition.\ntexture2D t;\nfloat4 main() { return tex2D(t, uv); }\n",

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "onejs-sl",
-  "version": "0.4.0",
+  "version": "0.5.0",
   "description": "The OneJS shader language: a small typed language for per pixel programs, compiled to a portable IR and emitted as HLSL, WGSL or GLSL ES",
   "main": "src/index.ts",
   "types": "src/index.ts",

package/src/body.ts

@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
  * gives common subexpression elimination for free.
  */
 
-import { SLError, TYPE, type InputName, type Program, type SLNode, type SLType } from "./ir"
+import { INT_BOUNDS, SLError, TYPE, valueAt, type InputName, type NodeRef, type Program, type SLKind, type SLType, type ValueNode } from "./ir"
 import { libClosure, LIB_FUNCTIONS } from "./lib"
 import { LIB_HLSL } from "./lib/hlsl"
 import { SLOP } from "./ops"
+import { inVaryingFlow, local, printBody, structure, type Syntax } from "./structure"
 
 export interface BodyTarget {
     /** An expression for each input, e.g. `{ uv: "SL_UV", time: "SL_TIME", ... }`. */
@@ -67,6 +68,12 @@ export interface BodyTarget {
     colour: "gamma" | "linear"
     /** Assign the result to this local instead of returning it. */
     result?: string
+    /**
+     * Put before every loop the body prints: `[loop]` for HLSL, so a compiler
+     * does not try to unroll a loop whose turns are capped only by a counter.
+     * Nothing for Metal, which has no such attribute.
+     */
+    loopAttribute?: string
     /** Put in front of every line. Default four spaces. */
     indent?: string
 }
@@ -85,6 +92,25 @@ export interface Body {
 
 const HLSL_TYPE: Record<SLType, string> = { 1: "float", 2: "float2", 3: "float3", 4: "float4" }
 
+/** A value's HLSL type, which Metal spells the same through a host's defines. */
+function typeName(n: { type: SLType; kind?: SLKind }): string {
+    if (n.kind === undefined) return HLSL_TYPE[n.type]
+    return n.type === 1 ? n.kind : `${n.kind}${n.type}`
+}
+
+/** An int, uint or bool constant as a literal. */
+function kindLit(kind: SLKind, v: number): string {
+    if (kind === "bool") return v !== 0 ? "true" : "false"
+    if (kind === "uint") return `${v >>> 0}u`
+    return v < 0 ? `(${v})` : String(v)
+}
+
+/** The int range a float is held to on its way to an int, so every backend truncates the same. */
+export const INT_LIMITS = {
+    int: INT_BOUNDS.int.map((n) => lit(n)),
+    uint: INT_BOUNDS.uint.map((n) => lit(n)),
+} as const
+
 /** A literal that survives a float32 round trip and never reads as an int. */
 export function lit(n: number): string {
     if (!Number.isFinite(n)) throw new SLError(`cannot emit ${n} as a shader literal`)
@@ -100,9 +126,8 @@ const SWZ = "xyzw"
 
 export function emitBody(p: Program, target: BodyTarget): Body {
     const indent = target.indent ?? "    "
-    const lines: string[] = []
-    const name = (ref: number) => `n${ref}`
-    const emitted = new Set<number>()
+    const name = local
+    const shape = structure(p)
     const uniforms = new Set<number>()
     const textures = new Set<number>()
     const helpers = new Set<string>()
@@ -113,11 +138,13 @@ export function emitBody(p: Program, target: BodyTarget): Body {
         const c = p.nodes[ref]!
         return c.k === "const" ? c.v : null
     }
-    const splat = (ref: number, w: SLType) => (p.nodes[ref]!.type === TYPE.FLOAT && w > 1 ? ctor(w, Array(w).fill(name(ref))) : name(ref))
+    const splat = (ref: number, w: SLType) => (valueAt(p.nodes, ref).type === TYPE.FLOAT && w > 1 ? ctor(w, Array(w).fill(name(ref))) : name(ref))
 
-    const expr = (n: SLNode): string => {
+    const expr = (ref: NodeRef): string => {
+        const n = valueAt(p.nodes, ref)
         switch (n.k) {
             case "const":
+                if (n.kind !== undefined) return n.type === 1 ? kindLit(n.kind, n.v[0]!) : `${typeName(n)}(${n.v.map((v) => kindLit(n.kind!, v)).join(", ")})`
                 return ctor(n.type, n.v.map(lit))
             case "input":
                 return target.inputs[n.name]
@@ -130,14 +157,18 @@ export function emitBody(p: Program, target: BodyTarget): Body {
             }
             case "swizzle":
                 // Metal has no swizzle of a scalar, so a scalar widens by constructor.
-                if (p.nodes[n.src]!.type === TYPE.FLOAT) return ctor(n.type, n.chans.map(() => name(n.src)))
+                if (valueAt(p.nodes, n.src).type === TYPE.FLOAT) {
+                    return n.type === 1 ? name(n.src) : `${typeName(n)}(${n.chans.map(() => name(n.src)).join(", ")})`
+                }
                 return `${name(n.src)}.${n.chans.map((c) => SWZ[c]).join("")}`
             case "call":
-                return call(n)
+                return call(n, ref)
+            default:
+                throw new SLError(`the HLSL emitter reached a ${n.k} as an expression`)
         }
     }
 
-    const call = (n: Extract<SLNode, { k: "call" }>): string => {
+    const call = (n: Extract<ValueNode, { k: "call" }>, ref: NodeRef): string => {
         const a = n.args.map(name)
         const t = n.type
         // Every argument of an element wise intrinsic at the result's width,
@@ -146,10 +177,55 @@ export function emitBody(p: Program, target: BodyTarget): Body {
         // max(float, 0) is ambiguous, so the shared subset spells both out.
         const s = n.args.map((r) => splat(r, t))
         const k = (v: number, w: SLType) => ctor(w, Array(w).fill(lit(v)))
-        const w0 = n.args.length > 0 ? p.nodes[n.args[0]!]!.type : TYPE.FLOAT
+        const w0 = n.args.length > 0 ? valueAt(p.nodes, n.args[0]!).type : TYPE.FLOAT
         const imm = n.imm ?? []
+        const argKind = n.args.length > 0 ? valueAt(p.nodes, n.args[0]!).kind : undefined
+        // IR 4: the ops that take ints, uints and bools, by the kinds involved.
+        if (n.kind !== undefined || argKind !== undefined) {
+            const zero = kindLit(n.kind ?? "int", 0)
+            switch (n.op) {
+                case SLOP.ADD: return `(${a[0]} + ${a[1]})`
+                case SLOP.SUB: return `(${a[0]} - ${a[1]})`
+                case SLOP.MUL: return `(${a[0]} * ${a[1]})`
+                // Truncating, and 0 for a zero divisor, which HLSL leaves undefined.
+                case SLOP.DIV: return `(${a[1]} == ${zero} ? ${zero} : ${a[0]} / ${a[1]})`
+                case SLOP.MOD: return `(${a[1]} == ${zero} ? ${zero} : ${a[0]} % ${a[1]})`
+                case SLOP.NEG: return `(-${a[0]})`
+                case SLOP.MIN: return `min(${a[0]}, ${a[1]})`
+                case SLOP.MAX: return `max(${a[0]}, ${a[1]})`
+                case SLOP.ABS: return `abs(${a[0]})`
+                case SLOP.CLAMP: return `clamp(${a[0]}, ${a[1]}, ${a[2]})`
+            }
+        }
         switch (n.op) {
-            case SLOP.COMPOSE: return ctor(n.type, a)
+            case SLOP.COMPOSE: return n.kind === undefined ? ctor(n.type, a) : `${typeName(n)}(${a.join(", ")})`
+            case SLOP.CAST: {
+                const from = valueAt(p.nodes, n.args[0]!).kind
+                if (n.kind === undefined) return `${typeName(n)}(${a[0]})`
+                if (n.kind === "bool") return `(${a[0]} != ${from === undefined ? "0.0" : kindLit(from, 0)})`
+                if (from === undefined) {
+                    const [lo, hi] = INT_LIMITS[n.kind]
+                    return `${n.kind}(clamp(${a[0]}, ${lo}, ${hi}))`
+                }
+                return `${n.kind}(${a[0]})`
+            }
+            case SLOP.LT: return `(${a[0]} < ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.LE: return `(${a[0]} <= ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.GT: return `(${a[0]} > ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.GE: return `(${a[0]} >= ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.EQ: return `(${a[0]} == ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.NE: return `(${a[0]} != ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.AND: return `(${a[0]} && ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.OR: return `(${a[0]} || ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.NOT: return `(!${a[0]})`
+            case SLOP.BIT_AND: return `(${a[0]} & ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.BIT_OR: return `(${a[0]} | ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.BIT_XOR: return `(${a[0]} ^ ${a[1]})`
+            case SLOP.BIT_NOT: return `(~${a[0]})`
+            // The count modulo 32, which HLSL does itself and GLSL leaves undefined past 31.
+            case SLOP.SHL: return `(${a[0]} << (${a[1]} & ${kindLit(valueAt(p.nodes, n.args[1]!).kind ?? "int", 31)}))`
+            case SLOP.SHR: return `(${a[0]} >> (${a[1]} & ${kindLit(valueAt(p.nodes, n.args[1]!).kind ?? "int", 31)}))`
+            case SLOP.CHOOSE: return `(${a[0]} ? ${a[1]} : ${a[2]})`
 
             case SLOP.ADD: return `(${a[0]} + ${a[1]})`
             case SLOP.SUB: return `(${a[0]} - ${a[1]})`
@@ -223,7 +299,9 @@ export function emitBody(p: Program, target: BodyTarget): Body {
             case SLOP.SAMPLE: {
                 const slot = Math.round(imm[0] ?? 0)
                 textures.add(slot)
-                return target.sample(slot, a[0]!)
+                // Where pixels part ways there are no neighbours to take a mip
+                // level from, so every backend samples level 0 there (`structure.ts`).
+                return inVaryingFlow(shape, ref) ? target.sampleLevel(slot, a[0]!, "0.0") : target.sample(slot, a[0]!)
             }
             case SLOP.SAMPLE_LOD: {
                 const slot = Math.round(imm[0] ?? 0)
@@ -240,15 +318,20 @@ export function emitBody(p: Program, target: BodyTarget): Body {
         }
     }
 
-    const walk = (ref: number): void => {
-        if (emitted.has(ref)) return
-        const n = p.nodes[ref]
-        const deps = n.k === "swizzle" ? [n.src] : n.k === "call" ? n.args : []
-        for (const d of deps) walk(d)
-        emitted.add(ref)
-        lines.push(`${indent}${HLSL_TYPE[n.type]} ${name(ref)} = ${expr(n)};`)
+    const typeOf = (ref: NodeRef) => typeName(valueAt(p.nodes, ref))
+    const syntax: Syntax = {
+        value: (ref, e) => `${typeOf(ref)} ${name(ref)} = ${e};`,
+        mutable: (n, like, init) => `${typeOf(like)} ${n}${init === undefined ? "" : ` = ${init}`};`,
+        counter: (n) => `int ${n} = 0;`,
+        assign: (n, v) => `${n} = ${v};`,
+        increment: (n) => `${n}++;`,
+        ifOpen: (c) => `if (${c}) {`,
+        elseOpen: "} else {",
+        close: "}",
+        loopOpen: `${target.loopAttribute === undefined ? "" : target.loopAttribute + " "}for (;;) {`,
+        breakUnless: (c, turns, max) => `if (!(${c}) || ${turns} >= ${max}) break;`,
     }
-    walk(p.result)
+    const lines = printBody(p, shape, syntax, expr, indent)
     lines.push(target.result === undefined
         ? `${indent}return ${name(p.result)};`
         : `${indent}${target.result} = ${name(p.result)};`)

package/src/hlsl.ts

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ function unityTarget(p: Program): BodyTarget {
         sampleLevel: (slot, uv, lod) => `tex2Dlod(_Tex${slot}, float4(${uv}, 0.0, ${lod}))`,
         colour: "linear",
         indent: "                ",
+        loopAttribute: "[loop]",
     }
 }