nomen-lang 0.3.0 → 0.5.0

package/core/System/Channel.nm

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 // Channel — thread-safe single-direction queue for passing values between
 // tasks. Unbounded, FIFO, blocking receive.
 //
-// The queue node's payload is two words wide: every message carries a
-// (value, len) pair. `send`/`receive` move uint64 values (len stays 0);
-// `send_string`/`receive_string` move fat strings without truncating the len
-// half. A typed Channel<T> wrapper can come later — the storage story is
-// identical, only the call-site types change.
+// The queue node's payload is three words wide: every message carries a
+// (value, len, kind) triple. `send`/`receive` move uint64 values (len and
+// kind stay 0); `send_string`/`receive_string` move fat strings (kind = 1)
+// without truncating the len half. `#destroy` frees only string payloads —
+// a raw uint64 payload is a value, not a pointer. A typed Channel<T>
+// wrapper can come later — the storage story is identical, only the
+// call-site types change.
 //
 // String payloads are copied in and moved out: `send_string` duplicates the
 // value into the node (the sender keeps its own string), and
@@ -25,17 +27,20 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 	pub var uint64 not_empty_cv = 0
 	pub var uint64 head = 0
 	pub var uint64 tail = 0
+	// Head of the parked-fiber wait list (guarded by mu). Send wakes it.
+	pub var uint64 waiters = 0
 
 	pub func #init = (self) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		#scope: file
 		#include <pthread.h>
-		struct nomen_channel_node {
-			unsigned long long value;
-			unsigned long long len;
-			struct nomen_channel_node *next;
-		};
+	struct nomen_channel_node {
+		unsigned long long value;
+		unsigned long long len;
+		unsigned long long kind; // 0 = uint64 payload, 1 = owned string
+		struct nomen_channel_node *next;
+	};
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: c
@@ -45,6 +50,7 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		pthread_cond_init((pthread_cond_t *)self->not_empty_cv, NULL);
 		self->head = 0;
 		self->tail = 0;
+		self->waiters = 0;
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64
@@ -60,6 +66,7 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		bl _pthread_cond_init
 		str xzr, [x19, #24]
 		str xzr, [x19, #32]
+		str xzr, [x19, #40]
 		```
 	}
 
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		struct nomen_channel_node *n = (struct nomen_channel_node *)malloc(sizeof(struct nomen_channel_node));
 		n->value = value;
 		n->len = 0;
+		n->kind = 0;
 		n->next = NULL;
 		pthread_mutex_lock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
 		if (self->tail) {
@@ -78,25 +86,27 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		}
 		self->tail = (unsigned long long)n;
 		pthread_cond_signal((pthread_cond_t *)self->not_empty_cv);
+		__nomen_fiber_waitq_wake((struct nomen_fiber **)&self->waiters);
 		pthread_mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64
 		// x19 = self (set by prologue), x1 = value
 		str x1, [sp, #-16]!       // save value on stack
-		mov x0, #24               // node = { value, len, next }
+		mov x0, #32               // node = { value, len, kind, next }
 		bl _malloc                // x0 = node
 		ldr x1, [sp], #16         // restore value
 		str x1, [x0, #0]          // node->value = value
 		str xzr, [x0, #8]         // node->len = 0
-		str xzr, [x0, #16]        // node->next = NULL
+		str xzr, [x0, #16]        // node->kind = 0 (uint64 payload)
+		str xzr, [x0, #24]        // node->next = NULL
 		str x0, [sp, #-16]!       // save node on stack
 		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
 		bl _pthread_mutex_lock
 		ldr x2, [sp], #16         // restore node
 		ldr x1, [x19, #32]        // tail
 		cbz x1, .Lchannel_send_empty
-		str x2, [x1, #16]         // tail->next = node
+		str x2, [x1, #24]         // tail->next = node
 		b .Lchannel_send_enqueued
 		.Lchannel_send_empty:
 		str x2, [x19, #24]        // head = node
@@ -104,6 +114,8 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		str x2, [x19, #32]        // tail = node
 		ldr x0, [x19, #16]        // not_empty_cv
 		bl _pthread_cond_signal
+		add x0, x19, #40          // &self->waiters
+		bl ___nomen_fiber_waitq_wake
 		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
 		bl _pthread_mutex_unlock
 		```
@@ -120,6 +132,7 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		nomen_string _v = value.ptr ? nomen_str_dup(value) : (nomen_string){0, 0};
 		n->value = (unsigned long long)_v.ptr;
 		n->len = (unsigned long long)_v.len;
+		n->kind = 1;
 		n->next = NULL;
 		pthread_mutex_lock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
 		if (self->tail) {
@@ -129,13 +142,14 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		}
 		self->tail = (unsigned long long)n;
 		pthread_cond_signal((pthread_cond_t *)self->not_empty_cv);
+		__nomen_fiber_waitq_wake((struct nomen_fiber **)&self->waiters);
 		pthread_mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64
 		// x19 = self (set by prologue), x1 = value.ptr, x2 = value.len
 		stp x1, x2, [sp, #-32]!   // [sp]=ptr [sp+8]=len [sp+16]=node scratch
-		mov x0, #24               // node = { value, len, next }
+		mov x0, #32               // node = { value, len, kind, next }
 		bl _malloc                // x0 = node
 		str x0, [sp, #16]         // save node across the strdup call
 		ldr x1, [sp, #0]          // value.ptr
@@ -150,13 +164,15 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		str x0, [x2, #0]          // node->value = copied ptr
 		ldr x1, [sp, #8]          // value.len
 		str x1, [x2, #8]          // node->len = len
-		str xzr, [x2, #16]        // node->next = NULL
+		mov x1, #1
+		str x1, [x2, #16]         // node->kind = 1 (owned string payload)
+		str xzr, [x2, #24]        // node->next = NULL
 		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
 		bl _pthread_mutex_lock
 		ldr x2, [sp, #16]         // restore node
 		ldr x1, [x19, #32]        // tail
 		cbz x1, .Lchannel_send_str_empty
-		str x2, [x1, #16]         // tail->next = node
+		str x2, [x1, #24]         // tail->next = node
 		b .Lchannel_send_str_enqueued
 		.Lchannel_send_str_empty:
 		str x2, [x19, #24]        // head = node
@@ -175,7 +191,13 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		#arch: c
 		pthread_mutex_lock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
 		while (!self->head) {
-			pthread_cond_wait((pthread_cond_t *)self->not_empty_cv, (pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
+			// Fibers park instead of blocking; a cancelled fiber returns the
+			// zero value rather than waiting forever (cooperative cancel).
+			if (!__nomen_fiber_waitq_park(
+					(struct nomen_fiber **)&self->waiters, (void *)self->mu, (void *)self->not_empty_cv)) {
+				pthread_mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
+				return 0;
+			}
 		}
 		struct nomen_channel_node *n = (struct nomen_channel_node *)self->head;
 		self->head = (unsigned long long)n->next;
@@ -193,13 +215,21 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		.Lchannel_receive_wait:
 		ldr x1, [x19, #24]        // head
 		cbnz x1, .Lchannel_receive_got
-		ldr x0, [x19, #16]        // not_empty_cv
+		add x0, x19, #40          // &self->waiters
 		ldr x1, [x19, #8]         // mu
-		bl _pthread_cond_wait
+		ldr x2, [x19, #16]        // not_empty_cv
+		bl ___nomen_fiber_waitq_park
+		cbz x0, .Lchannel_receive_cancelled
 		b .Lchannel_receive_wait
+		.Lchannel_receive_cancelled:
+		// Cancelled while waiting: return the zero value.
+		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
+		bl _pthread_mutex_unlock
+		mov x0, #0
+		b .Lchannel_receive_end
 		.Lchannel_receive_got:
 		// x1 = node
-		ldr x2, [x1, #16]         // node->next
+		ldr x2, [x1, #24]         // node->next
 		str x2, [x19, #24]        // head = node->next
 		cbnz x2, .Lchannel_receive_not_empty
 		str xzr, [x19, #32]       // tail = 0
@@ -211,6 +241,7 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
 		bl _pthread_mutex_unlock
 		ldr x0, [sp], #16         // pop value → x0 (return)
+		.Lchannel_receive_end:
 		```
 	}
 
@@ -223,7 +254,11 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		#arch: c
 		pthread_mutex_lock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
 		while (!self->head) {
-			pthread_cond_wait((pthread_cond_t *)self->not_empty_cv, (pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
+			if (!__nomen_fiber_waitq_park(
+					(struct nomen_fiber **)&self->waiters, (void *)self->mu, (void *)self->not_empty_cv)) {
+				pthread_mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t *)self->mu);
+				return (nomen_string){ 0, 0 };
+			}
 		}
 		struct nomen_channel_node *n = (struct nomen_channel_node *)self->head;
 		self->head = (unsigned long long)n->next;
@@ -243,13 +278,23 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		.Lchannel_receive_str_wait:
 		ldr x1, [x19, #24]        // head
 		cbnz x1, .Lchannel_receive_str_got
-		ldr x0, [x19, #16]        // not_empty_cv
+		add x0, x19, #40          // &self->waiters
 		ldr x1, [x19, #8]         // mu
-		bl _pthread_cond_wait
+		ldr x2, [x19, #16]        // not_empty_cv
+		bl ___nomen_fiber_waitq_park
+		cbz x0, .Lchannel_receive_str_cancelled
 		b .Lchannel_receive_str_wait
+		.Lchannel_receive_str_cancelled:
+		// Cancelled while waiting: return the empty fat string (x0 = ptr,
+		// x1 = len).
+		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
+		bl _pthread_mutex_unlock
+		mov x0, #0
+		mov x1, #0
+		b .Lchannel_receive_str_end
 		.Lchannel_receive_str_got:
 		// x1 = node
-		ldr x2, [x1, #16]         // node->next
+		ldr x2, [x1, #24]         // node->next
 		str x2, [x19, #24]        // head = node->next
 		cbnz x2, .Lchannel_receive_str_not_empty
 		str xzr, [x19, #32]       // tail = 0
@@ -264,6 +309,7 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
 		bl _pthread_mutex_unlock
 		ldp x0, x1, [sp], #16     // pop pair → x0/x1 (return)
+		.Lchannel_receive_str_end:
 		```
 	}
 
@@ -271,12 +317,13 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		if (self->mu) {
-			// Drain any pending nodes. A string payload that was never
-			// received still owns its buffer — free it with the node.
+			// Drain any pending nodes. A string payload (kind = 1) that was
+			// never received still owns its buffer — free it with the node.
+			// A uint64 payload (kind = 0) is a raw value, never a pointer.
 			struct nomen_channel_node *n = (struct nomen_channel_node *)self->head;
 			while (n) {
 				struct nomen_channel_node *next = n->next;
-				if (n->value) free((void *)n->value);
+				if (n->kind == 1 && n->value) free((void *)n->value);
 				free(n);
 				n = next;
 			}
@@ -295,14 +342,18 @@ pub class Channel: Sendable {
 		// x19 = self (set by prologue)
 		ldr x0, [x19, #8]         // self->mu
 		cbz x0, .Lchannel_destroy_done
-		// Drain nodes (freeing any unconsumed string payload)
+		// Drain nodes (freeing only owned-string payloads; a uint64
+		// payload is a raw value, never a pointer)
 		ldr x1, [x19, #24]        // head
 		.Lchannel_destroy_drain:
 		cbz x1, .Lchannel_destroy_drained
-		ldr x2, [x1, #16]         // next (before calls clobber x1)
+		ldr x2, [x1, #24]         // next (before calls clobber x1)
 		stp x1, x2, [sp, #-16]!   // save node + next
+		ldr x3, [x1, #16]         // payload kind (1 = owned string)
 		ldr x0, [x1, #0]          // payload ptr
 		cbz x0, .Lchannel_destroy_no_payload
+		cmp x3, #1
+		b.ne .Lchannel_destroy_no_payload
 		bl _free
 		.Lchannel_destroy_no_payload:
 		ldr x0, [sp, #0]          // node

package/core/System/ClassBuffer.nm

@@ -8,27 +8,28 @@
  * A flat buffer of owned class pointers of type T — the backing store for collections of classes
  **/
 pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
-	var uint64 data = 0
-	var cap = 0
+	internal var uint64 data = 0
+	// Publicly readable; grown only by ClassBuffer's own methods (`readonly`).
+	readonly cap = 0
 
-	func alloc_int = (ref self, int size, out int: out >= size) {
+	internal func alloc_int = (ref self, int size, out int: out >= size) {
 		self.cap = size
 		self.data = calloc(size, 8)
 		return self.cap
 	}
 
-	// Semantic parity with Buffer<T>.alloc_T: generic code (e.g. Map#init's
-	// `self.values.alloc_T(N)`) forwards to either Buffer — where alloc_T is
+	// Semantic parity with Buffer<T>.alloc: generic code (e.g. Map#init's
+	// `self.values.alloc(N)`) forwards to either Buffer — where alloc is
 	// T_SIZE-aware (string slots are 16 bytes) — or this ClassBuffer, whose
 	// slots are always one pointer wide. The compiler routes value-struct
 	// element types to Buffer and class/trait elements to ClassBuffer
 	// (monomorphize's field rewrite), so a call arriving HERE is always
 	// pointer-sized: delegate to alloc_int.
-	func alloc_T = (ref self, int size, out int: out >= size) {
+	func alloc = (ref self, int size, out int: out >= size) {
 		return self.alloc_int(size)
 	}
 
-	func grow_int = (ref self, int needed, out int: out >= needed) {
+	internal func grow_int = (ref self, int needed, out int: out >= needed) {
 		if self.cap >= needed {
 			return self.cap
 		}
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 		return self.cap
 	}
 
-	inline func load_int = (self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, out int) {
+	internal inline func load_int = (self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, out int) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		return ((long*)(unsigned long long)self->data)[i];
@@ -57,14 +58,14 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 		```
 	}
 
-	// T_SIZE-aware aliases of the _int primitives. ClassBuffer only ever holds
-	// 8-byte class pointers (T_SIZE is 8), so these are behaviorally identical
-	// to their _int counterparts — they exist so List<T> can call a single
-	// uniform `_T` API whether T is a value struct (Buffer) or a class
-	// (ClassBuffer, after the Buffer<T> field is rewritten). Bodies use 8-byte
-	// slots, matching _int.
+	// Generic (T-typed) counterparts of the _int primitives. ClassBuffer only
+	// ever holds 8-byte class pointers (T_SIZE is 8), so these are
+	// behaviorally identical to their _int counterparts — they exist so
+	// List<T> can call a single uniform API whether T is a value struct
+	// (Buffer) or a class (ClassBuffer, after the Buffer<T> field is
+	// rewritten). Bodies use 8-byte slots, matching _int.
 
-	func grow_T = (ref self, int needed, out int: out >= needed) {
+	func grow = (ref self, int needed, out int: out >= needed) {
 		if self.cap >= needed {
 			return self.cap
 		}
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 		return self.cap
 	}
 
-	inline func load_T = (self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, out T) {
+	inline func load = (self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, out T) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		return (void*)((long*)(unsigned long long)self->data)[i];
@@ -94,11 +95,15 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 	}
 
 	// Store the owned class pointer `val` into slot `i`, which MUST be fresh
-	// (calloc'd, or zeroed by move_T/move_int). This is a plain pointer
-	// store — it does NOT destroy/free the slot's previous occupant, so a
-	// second `store_T` at an occupied index leaks that instance. Use
-	// replace_T (or replace_int) to overwrite a live slot.
-	inline func store_T = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, T val: val != 0) {
+	// (calloc'd, or zeroed by move/move_int). Takes OWNERSHIP of `val`
+	// (`move`): the slot's #destroy reclaims the instance, so the caller must
+	// not free its copy — a fresh constructor result transfers here directly,
+	// and a local must be moved (its own cleanup is suppressed at the call
+	// site). This is a plain pointer store — it does NOT destroy/free the
+	// slot's previous occupant, so a second `store` at an occupied index
+	// leaks that instance. Use replace (or replace_int) to overwrite a live
+	// slot.
+	internal inline func store = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, move T val: val != 0) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		((long*)(unsigned long long)self->data)[i] = (long)val;
@@ -116,11 +121,11 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 	// buffer no longer references it. Declared `move out T` so the borrow
 	// checker treats the result as OWNED — the slot is relinquished, so the
 	// caller is the sole remaining owner. This is the owning-extract primitive
-	// (parallel to List.pop); use it (not load_T) when transferring ownership
+	// (parallel to List.pop); use it (not load) when transferring ownership
 	// out of a ClassBuffer slot, or moving a value into a fresh owning
-	// container — load_T returns a BORROW (the slot is unchanged) and storing
+	// container — load returns a BORROW (the slot is unchanged) and storing
 	// it elsewhere would create shared ownership (double-free at destroy).
-	inline func move_T = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, move out T) {
+	inline func move = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, move out T) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		long *slots = (long*)(unsigned long long)self->data;
@@ -138,7 +143,57 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 		```
 	}
 
-	inline func store_int = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, int val: val != 0) {
+	// Apply `f` to slot `i` in place — the owning-counterpart of Buffer's
+	// modify for class elements. `f` receives the current instance pointer
+	// as a borrow and returns the replacement instance (fresh, or the same
+	// pointer); the primitive frees the displaced instance (destroy + free)
+	// unless `f` returned it. Storing the returned instance raw is sound:
+	// the slot takes sole ownership and `f`'s return is not retained
+	// elsewhere. NOT `inline`: the body calls through the fn pointer.
+	func modify = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, func (T, out T) f) {
+		```
+		#arch: c
+		long *slots = (long*)(unsigned long long)self->data;
+		void *old = (void*)slots[i];
+		void *new_value = (void*)((void *(*)(void *, void *))f->code)(f->env, old);
+		slots[i] = (long)new_value;
+		if (old != new_value) {
+			T_destroy(old);
+			free(old);
+		}
+		```
+		```
+		#arch: aarch64
+		// x19 = self, x1 = i, x2 = f (a closure descriptor — env goes in x0,
+		// the old slot value shifts to x1). Class slots are one pointer wide.
+		stp x20, x21, [sp, #-16]!
+		stp x22, x23, [sp, #-16]!
+		stp x24, x25, [sp, #-16]!
+		mov x22, x2
+		ldr x9, [x19, #8]
+		lsl x3, x1, #3
+		add x20, x9, x3
+		ldr x24, [x22]
+		ldr x0, [x22, #8]
+		ldr x1, [x20]
+		blr x24
+		mov x23, x0
+		ldr x9, [x20]
+		str x23, [x20]
+		cmp x9, x23
+		b.eq .Lcb_modify_T_done
+		mov x0, x9
+		bl T_destroy
+		mov x0, x9
+		bl _free
+		.Lcb_modify_T_done:
+		ldp x24, x25, [sp], #16
+		ldp x22, x23, [sp], #16
+		ldp x20, x21, [sp], #16
+		```
+	}
+
+	internal inline func store_int = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, int val: val != 0) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		((long*)(unsigned long long)self->data)[i] = val;
@@ -152,7 +207,7 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 		```
 	}
 
-	inline func move_int = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, out int) {
+	internal inline func move_int = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, out int) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		long *slots = (long*)(unsigned long long)self->data;
@@ -172,7 +227,7 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 
 	// Store into a slot, freeing the previous value (it is an owned class
 	// pointer): run its destroy then free it before overwriting.
-	func replace_int = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, int val: val != 0) {
+	internal func replace_int = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, int val: val != 0) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		long *slots = (long*)(unsigned long long)self->data;
@@ -204,9 +259,11 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 	}
 
 	// T-typed alias of replace_int: free the outgoing class pointer (destroy +
-	// free) then store the new one. Used by List.set so the uniform `_T` API
+	// free) then store the new one. Used by List.set so the uniform API
 	// preserves ownership for class elements.
-	func replace_T = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, T val: val != 0) {
+	// Overwrite a live slot: destroy + free the displaced instance, then take
+	// OWNERSHIP of `val` (`move`) — same transfer rule as store.
+	func replace = (ref self, int i: i >= 0 && i < self.cap, move T val: val != 0) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		long *slots = (long*)(unsigned long long)self->data;
@@ -239,10 +296,10 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 
 	// Move slot src into slot dst: reclaim dst's previous instance (destroy +
 	// free), take over src's pointer, and zero src — exactly one slot owns the
-	// instance afterwards. The class-buffer counterpart of Buffer.shift_T,
+	// instance afterwards. The class-buffer counterpart of Buffer.shift,
 	// used by Map/Set.remove's backward-shift so shifting entries neither
 	// duplicates nor orphans owned instances.
-	func shift_T = (ref self, int dst: dst >= 0 && dst < self.cap, int src: src >= 0 && src < self.cap) {
+	func shift = (ref self, int dst: dst >= 0 && dst < self.cap, int src: src >= 0 && src < self.cap) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		long *slots = (long*)(unsigned long long)self->data;
@@ -286,7 +343,7 @@ pub struct ClassBuffer<T> {
 	// pointers, returned as a `view T` (T is a class, so each element is an
 	// 8-byte pointer). Borrows from self — invalidated on reassignment. Mirrors
 	// Buffer.slice; ClassBuffer stores 8-byte slots, so the element width is 8.
-	func slice = (self, int start: start >= 0, int end: end >= start, out view T) {
+	func slice = (self, int start: start >= 0, int end: end >= start && end <= self.cap, out view T) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
 		nomen_view _r;

package/core/System/Console.nm

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ pub struct Console {
 	pub func write = (string line) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
-		printf("%s", line);
+		// Fat-string ABI: strings pass their ptr half. printf %s stops at
+		// the first embedded NUL on both backends (known display limit).
+		printf("%s", line.ptr);
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ pub struct Console {
 	pub func write_line = (string line) {
 		```
 		#arch: c
-		printf("%s\n", line);
+		printf("%s\n", line.ptr);
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64

package/core/System/Controls/Button.nm

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub class Button : Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			btn, sel_registerName("setTitle:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title.ptr));
 		id contentView = ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)window->handle, sel_registerName("contentView"));
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ pub class Button : Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, unsigned long, id, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			btn, sel_registerName("setTitle:forState:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title),
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title.ptr),
 			0); // UIControlStateNormal = 0
 		id parentView = ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(
 			((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub class Button : Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setTitle:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title.ptr));
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub class Button : Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, unsigned long, id, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setTitle:forState:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title),
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title.ptr),
 			0); // UIControlStateNormal = 0
 		```
 		```

package/core/System/Controls/CheckBox.nm

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ pub class CheckBox : Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setTitle:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title.ptr));
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c

package/core/System/Controls/Text.nm

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub class Text: Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setStringValue:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text.ptr));
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pub class Text: Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setText:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text.ptr));
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c

package/core/System/Controls/TextBox.nm

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ pub class TextBox : Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setStringValue:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text.ptr));
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ pub class TextBox : Control {
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setText:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), text.ptr));
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ pub class TextBox : Control {
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("stringValue"));
 		const char *cstr = ((const char*(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(
 			str, sel_registerName("UTF8String"));
-		return strdup(cstr);
+		return (nomen_string){ strdup(cstr), (long)strlen(cstr) };
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ pub class TextBox : Control {
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("stringValue"));
 		const char *cstr = ((const char*(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(
 			str, sel_registerName("UTF8String"));
-		return strdup(cstr);
+		return (nomen_string){ strdup(cstr), (long)strlen(cstr) };
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: c
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ pub class TextBox : Control {
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("text"));
 		const char *cstr = ((const char*(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(
 			str, sel_registerName("UTF8String"));
-		return strdup(cstr);
+		return (nomen_string){ strdup(cstr), (long)strlen(cstr) };
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ pub class TextBox : Control {
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("text.ptr"));
 		const char *cstr = ((const char*(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(
 			str, sel_registerName("UTF8String"));
-		return strdup(cstr);
+		return (nomen_string){ strdup(cstr), (long)strlen(cstr) };
 		```
 	}
 

package/core/System/Controls/Window.nm

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub class Window: Control {
 		((id(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			win, sel_registerName("setTitle:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title.ptr));
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, double, double))objc_msgSend)(
 			win, sel_registerName("setFrameTopLeftPoint:"), 100.0, 100.0);
 		((void(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(win, sel_registerName("makeKeyAndOrderFront:"), (id)0);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ pub class Window: Control {
 		((id(*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(
 			(id)self->handle, sel_registerName("setTitle:"),
 			((id(*)(id, SEL, const char*))objc_msgSend)(
-				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title));
+				(id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithUTF8String:"), title.ptr));
 		```
 		```
 		#arch: aarch64_use_c