node-av-light 0.0.0-stage → 7.1.0-beta.1

package/dist/api/decoder.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1413 @@
+import { CodecContext } from '../lib/codec-context.js';
+import { Codec } from '../lib/codec.js';
+import { Frame } from '../lib/frame.js';
+import { Packet } from '../lib/packet.js';
+import { Scheduler } from './utilities/scheduler.js';
+import type { AVCodecID, AVPixelFormat, AVSampleFormat, AVThreadType, DecoderOptionsFor, EOFSignal, FFDecoderCodec } from '../constants/index.js';
+import type { Stream } from '../lib/stream.js';
+import type { ChannelLayout, IRational } from '../lib/types.js';
+import type { Encoder } from './encoder.js';
+import type { FilterAPI } from './filter.js';
+import type { HardwareContext } from './hardware.js';
+import type { ContextOptions } from './utilities/context-options.js';
+/**
+ * Options for decoder creation.
+ */
+export interface DecoderOptions<C = unknown> {
+    /**
+     * Exit immediately on first decode error.
+     *
+     * When enabled, the decoder throws on the first decode error or corrupt frame.
+     * When disabled it continues like FFmpeg CLI: failed packets are skipped and
+     * counted in {@link Decoder.decodeErrors}, and corrupt frames are returned with
+     * `decodeErrorFlags` or `AV_FRAME_FLAG_CORRUPT` set, so callers can drop them.
+     *
+     * @default true
+     */
+    exitOnError?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Hardware acceleration context.
+     *
+     * Pass a HardwareContext instance to enable hardware-accelerated decoding.
+     * Set to null to disable hardware acceleration.
+     */
+    hardware?: HardwareContext | null;
+    /**
+     * Decode in software when the hardware decoder produces nothing.
+     *
+     * Some drivers accept a stream and then fail on every frame, which with
+     * `exitOnError: false` leaves a stream without pictures. A new hardware
+     * decoder has to produce a frame within a few packets after its first
+     * keyframe, a running one counts as stuck once two keyframes in a row stay
+     * silent. The decoder then reopens in software and decodes the packets since
+     * the last silent keyframe again, so the frames carry on from there.
+     *
+     * @default false
+     */
+    hardwareFallback?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Number of extra hardware frames to allocate.
+     *
+     * Useful for hardware decoders requiring additional frame buffering.
+     * Some hardware decoders need extra frames for reference or look-ahead.
+     */
+    extraHWFrames?: number;
+    /**
+     * Force constant framerate mode.
+     *
+     * When set, ignores all timestamps and generates frames at a constant rate.
+     * Sets frame PTS to AV_NOPTS_VALUE, duration to 1, and time_base to 1/framerate.
+     * Matches FFmpeg CLI's DECODER_FLAG_FRAMERATE_FORCED behavior.
+     */
+    forcedFramerate?: IRational;
+    /**
+     * Override sample aspect ratio.
+     *
+     * When set, overrides the frame's sample_aspect_ratio with this value.
+     * Useful for fixing incorrect SAR in source material.
+     */
+    sarOverride?: IRational;
+    /**
+     * Apply cropping from frame metadata.
+     *
+     * When true, automatically crops frames based on their crop metadata.
+     * Uses av_frame_apply_cropping() with AV_FRAME_CROP_UNALIGNED flag.
+     * Useful for streams with letterboxing/pillarboxing metadata.
+     *
+     * @default false
+     */
+    applyCropping?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Resample decoded audio to a target format (audio only).
+     *
+     * When set, decoded audio frames are transparently converted to the requested
+     * sample rate, sample format, and/or channel layout before they are returned —
+     * the audio mirror of {@link rescale}. Any omitted field keeps the decoded
+     * value, and conversion is skipped entirely when the source already matches the
+     * target. Useful when a capture device delivers a rate you cannot control (e.g.
+     * avfoundation ignoring a microphone sample-rate request) and you want every
+     * downstream stage to receive the rate you asked for.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Guarantee 48 kHz frames regardless of the device's actual rate
+     * const decoder = await Decoder.create(stream, { resample: { sampleRate: 48000 } });
+     * ```
+     */
+    resample?: {
+        sampleRate?: number;
+        sampleFormat?: AVSampleFormat;
+        channelLayout?: ChannelLayout;
+    };
+    /**
+     * Rescale decoded video to a target pixel format and/or size (video only).
+     *
+     * When set, decoded video frames are transparently converted to the requested
+     * pixel format and/or dimensions before they are returned — the video mirror of
+     * {@link resample}. Any omitted field keeps the decoded value, and conversion is
+     * skipped entirely when the source already matches the target.
+     *
+     * Hardware frames are automatically transferred to a supported software format
+     * first and then converted to the requested one; software frames are converted
+     * directly. Hardware frames are left untouched (kept on the GPU, zero-copy) when
+     * `rescale` is not set. This replaces the former `hwaccelOutputFormat` option:
+     * use `rescale: { pixelFormat }` to get decoded frames in a fixed software format.
+     *
+     * Useful to normalize a heterogeneous set of sources (e.g. RTSP cameras that each
+     * deliver a different pixel format) so every downstream stage receives a uniform
+     * format/size, regardless of whether a stream was hardware- or software-decoded.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Normalize any source to yuv420p, whether it was hardware- or software-decoded
+     * const decoder = await Decoder.create(stream, { hardware: hw, rescale: { pixelFormat: AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P } });
+     * ```
+     */
+    rescale?: {
+        width?: number;
+        height?: number;
+        pixelFormat?: AVPixelFormat;
+    };
+    /**
+     * Number of threads to use for decoding.
+     *
+     * Set to 0 to auto-detect based on CPU cores.
+     *
+     * @default 1
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use the {@link DecoderOptions.context} option instead, e.g. `context: { threadCount: 0 }`.
+     */
+    threadCount?: number;
+    /**
+     * Type of threading to use for decoding.
+     *
+     * - `FF_THREAD_FRAME` (1): Decode multiple frames in parallel.
+     *   Higher throughput but adds latency (1 frame delay per thread).
+     *   Not recommended for live streaming where future frames are unavailable.
+     *
+     * - `FF_THREAD_SLICE` (2): Decode parts of a single frame in parallel.
+     *   No additional latency, suitable for real-time/live streaming.
+     *
+     * @default FFmpeg default (both methods, codec chooses best)
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use the {@link DecoderOptions.context} option instead, e.g. `context: { threadType: FF_THREAD_SLICE }`.
+     */
+    threadType?: AVThreadType;
+    /**
+     * Additional codec-specific options.
+     *
+     * Key-value pairs of FFmpeg private codec options, passed directly to the decoder.
+     * When the codec is created from a branded constant (e.g. `FF_DECODER_H264_CUVID`),
+     * these are strongly typed to that codec's known options (autocomplete + validation);
+     * otherwise any string/number/boolean values are accepted.
+     */
+    options?: DecoderOptionsFor<C>;
+    /**
+     * Fields to set on the underlying codec context.
+     *
+     * A typed, declarative bag for any writable {@link CodecContext} field that has
+     * no dedicated option — e.g. `skipLoopFilter`, `skipFrame`, `flags2`,
+     * `exportSideData`. Applied after node-av's stream parameters, hardware, and
+     * threading settings and immediately before `avcodec_open2`. The allowed keys
+     * are derived from the class, so every writable field is available and
+     * correctly typed.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * await Decoder.create(stream, {
+     *   context: {
+     *     skipLoopFilter: AVDISCARD_ALL,
+     *   },
+     * });
+     * ```
+     */
+    context?: ContextOptions<CodecContext>;
+    /**
+     * Configure the underlying codec context just before it is opened.
+     *
+     * The imperative escape hatch for cases the {@link DecoderOptions.context} bag
+     * cannot express: additive flags via `setFlags`, other methods, or conditional
+     * logic. Called with the decoder's {@link CodecContext} after `context` is
+     * applied and immediately before `avcodec_open2`.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * await Decoder.create(stream, {
+     *   configure: (ctx) => {
+     *     ctx.setFlags(AV_CODEC_FLAG_LOW_DELAY);
+     *   },
+     * });
+     * ```
+     */
+    configure?: (context: CodecContext) => void;
+    /**
+     * AbortSignal for cancellation.
+     *
+     * When aborted, async generators stop yielding and async methods throw AbortError.
+     */
+    signal?: AbortSignal;
+}
+/**
+ * High-level decoder for audio and video streams.
+ *
+ * Provides a simplified interface for decoding media streams from packets to frames.
+ * Handles codec initialization, hardware acceleration setup, and frame management.
+ * Supports both synchronous packet-by-packet decoding and async iteration over frames.
+ * Essential component in media processing pipelines for converting compressed data to raw frames.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * import { Demuxer, Decoder } from 'node-av/api';
+ *
+ * // Open media and create decoder
+ * await using input = await Demuxer.open('video.mp4');
+ * using decoder = await Decoder.create(input.video());
+ *
+ * // Decode frames
+ * for await (const frame of decoder.frames(input.packets())) {
+ *   console.log(`Decoded frame: ${frame.width}x${frame.height}`);
+ *   frame.free();
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * import { HardwareContext } from 'node-av/api';
+ * import { AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_CUDA } from 'node-av/constants';
+ *
+ * // Setup hardware acceleration
+ * const hw = HardwareContext.create(AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_CUDA);
+ * using decoder = await Decoder.create(stream, { hardware: hw });
+ *
+ * // Frames will be decoded on GPU
+ * for await (const frame of decoder.frames(packets)) {
+ *   // frame.hwFramesCtx contains GPU memory reference
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see {@link Encoder} For encoding frames to packets
+ * @see {@link Demuxer} For reading media files
+ * @see {@link HardwareContext} For GPU acceleration
+ */
+export declare class Decoder implements Disposable {
+    private codecContext;
+    private codec;
+    private frame;
+    private stream;
+    private readonly streamIndex;
+    private readonly streamFramerate;
+    private readonly guessedFramerate;
+    private initialized;
+    private isClosed;
+    private options;
+    private _decodeErrors;
+    private hardwareWatch?;
+    private replayedFrames;
+    private lastFramePts;
+    private lastFrameDurationEst;
+    private lastFrameTb;
+    private lastFrameSampleRate;
+    private lastFilterInRescaleDelta;
+    private audioResampler?;
+    private resampledFrame?;
+    private resampleTarget?;
+    private resampleInputLayout?;
+    private audioResamplerSetup;
+    private audioResamplerDrained;
+    private videoScaler?;
+    private scaledFrame?;
+    private hwTransferFormat?;
+    private inputQueue;
+    private outputQueue;
+    private workerPromise;
+    private nextComponent;
+    private pipeToPromise;
+    private signal?;
+    /**
+     * @param codecContext - Configured codec context
+     *
+     * @param codec - Codec being used
+     *
+     * @param stream - Media stream being decoded
+     *
+     * @param options - Decoder options
+     *
+     * Use {@link create} factory method
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private constructor();
+    /**
+     * Create a decoder for a media stream.
+     *
+     * Initializes a decoder with the appropriate codec and configuration.
+     * Automatically detects and configures hardware acceleration if provided.
+     * Applies custom codec options and threading configuration.
+     *
+     * @param stream - Media stream to decode
+     *
+     * @param options - Decoder configuration options
+     *
+     * @returns Configured decoder instance
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If codec initialization fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * import { Demuxer, Decoder } from 'node-av/api';
+     *
+     * await using input = await Demuxer.open('video.mp4');
+     * using decoder = await Decoder.create(input.video());
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * using decoder = await Decoder.create(stream, {
+     *   threads: 4,
+     *   options: {
+     *     'refcounted_frames': '1',
+     *     'skip_frame': 'nonkey'  // Only decode keyframes
+     *   }
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const hw = HardwareContext.auto();
+     * using decoder = await Decoder.create(stream, {
+     *   hardware: hw,
+     *   threads: 0  // Auto-detect thread count
+     *   exitOnError: false     // Continue on decode errors (default: true)
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * using decoder = await Decoder.create(stream, FF_DECODER_H264_AMF, {
+     *   hardware: hw,
+     *   threads: 2,
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link HardwareContext} For GPU acceleration setup
+     * @see {@link DecoderOptions} For configuration options
+     * @see {@link createSync} For synchronous version
+     */
+    static create(stream: Stream, options?: DecoderOptions): Promise<Decoder>;
+    static create<const C extends FFDecoderCodec | AVCodecID | Codec>(stream: Stream, decoderCodec: C, options?: DecoderOptions<C>): Promise<Decoder>;
+    /**
+     * Create a decoder for a media stream synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of create.
+     *
+     * Initializes a decoder with the appropriate codec and configuration.
+     * Automatically detects and configures hardware acceleration if provided.
+     * Applies custom codec options and threading configuration.
+     *
+     * @param stream - Media stream to decode
+     *
+     * @param options - Decoder configuration options
+     *
+     * @returns Configured decoder instance
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If codec initialization fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * import { Demuxer, Decoder } from 'node-av/api';
+     *
+     * await using input = await Demuxer.open('video.mp4');
+     * using decoder = Decoder.createSync(input.video());
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * using decoder = Decoder.createSync(stream, {
+     *   threads: 4,
+     *   options: {
+     *     'refcounted_frames': '1',
+     *     'skip_frame': 'nonkey'  // Only decode keyframes
+     *   }
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const hw = HardwareContext.auto();
+     * using decoder = Decoder.createSync(stream, {
+     *   hardware: hw,
+     *   threads: 0  // Auto-detect thread count
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * using decoder = Decoder.createSync(stream, FF_DECODER_H264_NVDEC, {
+     *   hardware: hw
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link HardwareContext} For GPU acceleration setup
+     * @see {@link DecoderOptions} For configuration options
+     * @see {@link create} For async version
+     */
+    static createSync(stream: Stream, options?: DecoderOptions): Decoder;
+    static createSync<const C extends FFDecoderCodec | AVCodecID | Codec>(stream: Stream, decoderCodec: C, options?: DecoderOptions<C>): Decoder;
+    /**
+     * Check if decoder is open.
+     *
+     * @returns true if decoder is open and ready
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * if (decoder.isDecoderOpen) {
+     *   const frame = await decoder.decode(packet);
+     * }
+     * ```
+     */
+    get isDecoderOpen(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Check if decoder has been initialized.
+     *
+     * Returns true if decoder is initialized (true by default for decoders).
+     * Decoders are pre-initialized from stream parameters.
+     *
+     * @returns true if decoder has been initialized
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * if (decoder.isDecoderInitialized) {
+     *   console.log('Decoder is ready to process frames');
+     * }
+     * ```
+     */
+    get isDecoderInitialized(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Number of decode errors so far.
+     *
+     * Counts packets the decoder rejected, failed frame receives and frames that
+     * could not be transferred from the GPU, rescaled or cropped. With
+     * `exitOnError: false` these are skipped instead of thrown, so this is the way
+     * to notice them (e.g. a hardware decoder that keeps failing).
+     *
+     * Like FFmpeg CLI's decode error count. Corrupt frames are not counted; they are
+     * returned with `decodeErrorFlags` or `AV_FRAME_FLAG_CORRUPT` set.
+     *
+     * @returns Decode error count
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const decoder = await Decoder.create(stream, { exitOnError: false });
+     * // ...
+     * if (decoder.decodeErrors > lastErrors) {
+     *   console.warn(`${decoder.decodeErrors - lastErrors} decode errors`);
+     * }
+     * ```
+     */
+    get decodeErrors(): number;
+    /**
+     * Check if decoder uses hardware acceleration.
+     *
+     * @returns true if hardware-accelerated
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * if (decoder.isHardware()) {
+     *   console.log('Using GPU acceleration');
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link HardwareContext} For hardware setup
+     */
+    isHardware(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Check if decoder is ready for processing.
+     *
+     * @returns true if initialized and ready
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * if (decoder.isReady()) {
+     *   const frame = await decoder.decode(packet);
+     * }
+     * ```
+     */
+    isReady(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Send a packet to the decoder.
+     *
+     * Sends a compressed packet to the decoder for decoding.
+     * Does not return decoded frames - use {@link receive} to retrieve frames.
+     * A single packet can produce zero, one, or multiple frames depending on codec buffering.
+     * Automatically manages decoder state and error recovery.
+     *
+     * **Important**: This method only SENDS the packet to the decoder.
+     * You must call {@link receive} separately (potentially multiple times) to get decoded frames.
+     *
+     * Direct mapping to avcodec_send_packet().
+     *
+     * @param packet - Compressed packet to send to decoder, or null to flush
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If sending packet fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Send packet and receive frames
+     * await decoder.decode(packet);
+     *
+     * // Receive all available frames
+     * while (true) {
+     *   const frame = await decoder.receive();
+     *   if (!frame) break;
+     *   console.log(`Decoded frame with PTS: ${frame.pts}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * for await (const packet of input.packets()) {
+     *   // packet is null at end of stream - automatically flushes decoder
+     *   await decoder.decode(packet);
+     *
+     *   // Receive available frames
+     *   let frame;
+     *   while ((frame = await decoder.receive())) {
+     *     await processFrame(frame);
+     *     frame.free();
+     *   }
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link receive} For receiving decoded frames
+     * @see {@link decodeAll} For combined send+receive operation
+     * @see {@link frames} For automatic packet iteration
+     * @see {@link flush} For end-of-stream handling
+     * @see {@link decodeSync} For synchronous version
+     */
+    decode(packet: Packet | null): Promise<void>;
+    /**
+     * Send a packet to the decoder synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of decode.
+     *
+     * Sends a compressed packet to the decoder for decoding.
+     * Does not return decoded frames - use {@link receiveSync} to retrieve frames.
+     * A single packet can produce zero, one, or multiple frames depending on codec buffering.
+     * Automatically manages decoder state and error recovery.
+     *
+     * **Important**: This method only SENDS the packet to the decoder.
+     * You must call {@link receiveSync} separately (potentially multiple times) to get decoded frames.
+     *
+     * Direct mapping to avcodec_send_packet().
+     *
+     * @param packet - Compressed packet to send to decoder, or null to flush
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If sending packet fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Send packet and receive frames
+     * decoder.decodeSync(packet);
+     *
+     * // Receive all available frames
+     * while (true) {
+     *   const frame = decoder.receiveSync();
+     *   if (!frame) break;
+     *   console.log(`Decoded frame with PTS: ${frame.pts}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * for (const packet of input.packetsSync()) {
+     *   // packet is null at end of stream - automatically flushes decoder
+     *   decoder.decodeSync(packet);
+     *
+     *   // Receive available frames
+     *   let frame;
+     *   while ((frame = decoder.receiveSync())) {
+     *     processFrame(frame);
+     *     frame.free();
+     *   }
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link receiveSync} For receiving decoded frames
+     * @see {@link decodeAllSync} For combined send+receive operation
+     * @see {@link framesSync} For automatic packet iteration
+     * @see {@link flushSync} For end-of-stream handling
+     * @see {@link decode} For async version
+     */
+    decodeSync(packet: Packet | null): void;
+    /**
+     * Decode a packet to frames.
+     *
+     * Sends a packet to the decoder and receives all available decoded frames.
+     * Returns array of frames - may be empty if decoder needs more data.
+     * One packet can produce zero, one, or multiple frames depending on codec.
+     * Automatically manages decoder state and error recovery.
+     *
+     * Direct mapping to avcodec_send_packet() and avcodec_receive_frame().
+     *
+     * @param packet - Compressed packet to decode
+     *
+     * @returns Array of decoded frames (empty if more data needed or decoder is closed)
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If decoding fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const frames = await decoder.decodeAll(packet);
+     * for (const frame of frames) {
+     *   console.log(`Decoded frame with PTS: ${frame.pts}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * for await (const packet of input.packets()) {
+     *   const frames = await decoder.decodeAll(packet);
+     *   for (const frame of frames) {
+     *     await processFrame(frame);
+     *     frame.free();
+     *   }
+     *   packet.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link decode} For single packet decoding
+     * @see {@link frames} For automatic packet iteration
+     * @see {@link flush} For end-of-stream handling
+     * @see {@link decodeAllSync} For synchronous version
+     */
+    decodeAll(packet: Packet | null): Promise<Frame[]>;
+    /**
+     * Decode a packet to frames synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of decodeAll.
+     *
+     * Sends packet to decoder and receives all available decoded frames.
+     * Returns array of frames - may be empty if decoder needs more data.
+     * One packet can produce zero, one, or multiple frames depending on codec.
+     *
+     * @param packet - Compressed packet to decode
+     *
+     * @returns Array of decoded frames (empty if more data needed or decoder is closed)
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If decoding fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const frames = decoder.decodeAllSync(packet);
+     * for (const frame of frames) {
+     *   console.log(`Decoded: ${frame.width}x${frame.height}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * for (const packet of input.packetsSync()) {
+     *   const frames = await decoder.decodeAllSync(packet);
+     *   for (const frame of frames) {
+     *     processFrame(frame);
+     *     frame.free();
+     *   }
+     *   packet.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link decodeSync} For single packet decoding
+     * @see {@link framesSync} For automatic packet iteration
+     * @see {@link flushSync} For end-of-stream handling
+     * @see {@link decodeAll} For async version
+     */
+    decodeAllSync(packet: Packet | null): Frame[];
+    /**
+     * Decode packet stream to frame stream.
+     *
+     * High-level async generator for complete decoding pipeline.
+     * Decoder is only flushed when EOF (null) signal is explicitly received.
+     * Primary interface for stream-based decoding.
+     *
+     * **EOF Handling:**
+     * - Send null to flush decoder and get remaining buffered frames
+     * - Generator yields null after flushing when null is received
+     * - No automatic flushing - decoder stays open until EOF or close()
+     *
+     * @param packets - Async iterable of packets, single packet, or null to flush
+     *
+     * @yields {Frame | null} Decoded frames, followed by null when explicitly flushed
+     *
+     * @throws {Error} If decoder is closed
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If decoding fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Stream of packets with automatic EOF propagation
+     * await using input = await Demuxer.open('video.mp4');
+     * using decoder = await Decoder.create(input.video());
+     *
+     * for await (const frame of decoder.frames(input.packets())) {
+     *   if (frame === null) {
+     *     console.log('Decoding complete');
+     *     break;
+     *   }
+     *   console.log(`Frame: ${frame.width}x${frame.height}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Single packet (no automatic flush)
+     * for await (const frame of decoder.frames(singlePacket)) {
+     *   await encoder.encode(frame);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * // Decoder still has buffered frames - send null to flush
+     * for await (const frame of decoder.frames(null)) {
+     *   if (frame === null) break;
+     *   await encoder.encode(frame);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Explicit flush with EOF
+     * for await (const frame of decoder.frames(null)) {
+     *   if (frame === null) {
+     *     console.log('All buffered frames flushed');
+     *     break;
+     *   }
+     *   console.log('Buffered frame:', frame.pts);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link decode} For single packet decoding
+     * @see {@link Demuxer.packets} For packet source
+     * @see {@link framesSync} For sync version
+     */
+    frames(packets: AsyncIterable<Packet | null> | Packet | null): AsyncGenerator<Frame | null>;
+    /**
+     * Decode packet stream to frame stream synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of frames.
+     *
+     * High-level async generator for complete decoding pipeline.
+     * Decoder is only flushed when EOF (null) signal is explicitly received.
+     * Primary interface for stream-based decoding.
+     *
+     * **EOF Handling:**
+     * - Send null to flush decoder and get remaining buffered frames
+     * - Generator yields null after flushing when null is received
+     * - No automatic flushing - decoder stays open until EOF or close()
+     *
+     * @param packets - Iterable of packets, single packet, or null to flush
+     *
+     * @yields {Frame | null} Decoded frames, followed by null when explicitly flushed
+     *
+     * @throws {Error} If decoder is closed
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If decoding fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Stream of packets with automatic EOF propagation
+     * await using input = await Demuxer.open('video.mp4');
+     * using decoder = await Decoder.create(input.video());
+     *
+     * for (const frame of decoder.framesSync(input.packetsSync())) {
+     *   if (frame === null) {
+     *     console.log('Decoding complete');
+     *     break;
+     *   }
+     *   console.log(`Frame: ${frame.width}x${frame.height}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Single packet (no automatic flush)
+     * for (const frame of decoder.framesSync(singlePacket)) {
+     *   encoder.encodeSync(frame);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * // Decoder still has buffered frames - send null to flush
+     * for (const frame of decoder.framesSync(null)) {
+     *   if (frame === null) break;
+     *   encoder.encodeSync(frame);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Explicit flush with EOF
+     * for (const frame of decoder.framesSync(null)) {
+     *   if (frame === null) {
+     *     console.log('All buffered frames flushed');
+     *     break;
+     *   }
+     *   console.log('Buffered frame:', frame.pts);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     */
+    framesSync(packets: Iterable<Packet | null> | Packet | null): Generator<Frame | null>;
+    /**
+     * Flush decoder and signal end-of-stream.
+     *
+     * Sends null packet to decoder to signal end-of-stream.
+     * Does nothing if decoder is closed.
+     * Must use receive() or flushFrames() to get remaining buffered frames.
+     *
+     * Direct mapping to avcodec_send_packet(NULL).
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If flush fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Signal end of stream
+     * await decoder.flush();
+     *
+     * // Then get remaining frames
+     * let frame;
+     * while ((frame = await decoder.receive()) !== null) {
+     *   console.log('Got buffered frame');
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link flushFrames} For convenient async iteration
+     * @see {@link receive} For getting buffered frames
+     * @see {@link flushSync} For synchronous version
+     */
+    flush(): Promise<void>;
+    /**
+     * Flush decoder and signal end-of-stream synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of flush.
+     *
+     * Send null packet to signal end of input stream.
+     * Decoder may still have buffered frames.
+     * Call receiveSync() repeatedly to get remaining frames.
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If flush fails
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * decoder.flushSync();
+     * // Get remaining frames
+     * let frame;
+     * while ((frame = decoder.receiveSync()) !== null) {
+     *   console.log('Buffered frame');
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link flushFramesSync} For convenient sync iteration
+     * @see {@link receiveSync} For getting buffered frames
+     * @see {@link flush} For async version
+     */
+    flushSync(): void;
+    /**
+     * Flush all buffered frames as async generator.
+     *
+     * Convenient async iteration over remaining frames.
+     * Automatically sends flush signal and retrieves buffered frames.
+     * Useful for end-of-stream processing.
+     *
+     * @yields {Frame} Buffered frames
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Flush at end of decoding
+     * for await (const frame of decoder.flushFrames()) {
+     *   console.log('Processing buffered frame');
+     *   await encoder.encode(frame);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link decode} For sending packets and receiving frames
+     * @see {@link flush} For signaling end-of-stream
+     * @see {@link flushFramesSync} For synchronous version
+     */
+    flushFrames(): AsyncGenerator<Frame>;
+    /**
+     * Flush all buffered frames as generator synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of flushFrames.
+     *
+     * Convenient sync iteration over remaining frames.
+     * Automatically sends flush signal and retrieves buffered frames.
+     * Useful for end-of-stream processing.
+     *
+     * @yields {Frame} Buffered frames
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Flush at end of decoding
+     * for (const frame of decoder.flushFramesSync()) {
+     *   console.log('Processing buffered frame');
+     *   encoder.encodeSync(frame);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link decodeSync} For sending packets and receiving frames
+     * @see {@link flushSync} For signaling end-of-stream
+     * @see {@link flushFrames} For async version
+     */
+    flushFramesSync(): Generator<Frame>;
+    /**
+     * Receive frame from decoder.
+     *
+     * Gets decoded frames from the codec's internal buffer.
+     * Handles frame cloning and error checking.
+     * Hardware frames include hw_frames_ctx reference.
+     * Call repeatedly to drain all buffered frames.
+     *
+     * **Return Values:**
+     * - `Frame` - Successfully decoded frame
+     * - `null` - No frame available (AVERROR_EAGAIN), send more packets
+     * - `undefined` - End of stream reached (AVERROR_EOF), decoder flushed
+     *
+     * Direct mapping to avcodec_receive_frame().
+     *
+     * @returns Decoded frame, null (need more data), or undefined (end of stream)
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If receive fails with error other than AVERROR_EAGAIN or AVERROR_EOF
+     *
+     * @throws {Error} If frame cloning fails (out of memory)
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const frame = await decoder.receive();
+     * if (frame === EOF) {
+     *   console.log('Decoder flushed, no more frames');
+     * } else if (frame) {
+     *   console.log('Got decoded frame');
+     *   frame.free();
+     * } else {
+     *   console.log('Need more packets');
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Drain all buffered frames (stop on null or EOF)
+     * let frame;
+     * while ((frame = await decoder.receive()) && frame !== EOF) {
+     *   console.log(`Frame PTS: ${frame.pts}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link decode} For sending packets
+     * @see {@link flush} For signaling end-of-stream
+     * @see {@link receiveSync} For synchronous version
+     * @see {@link EOF} For end-of-stream signal
+     */
+    receive(): Promise<Frame | EOFSignal | null>;
+    /**
+     * Receive frame from decoder synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of receive.
+     *
+     * Gets decoded frames from the codec's internal buffer.
+     * Handles frame cloning and error checking.
+     * Hardware frames include hw_frames_ctx reference.
+     * Call repeatedly to drain all buffered frames.
+     *
+     * **Return Values:**
+     * - `Frame` - Successfully decoded frame
+     * - `null` - No frame available (AVERROR_EAGAIN), send more packets
+     * - `undefined` - End of stream reached (AVERROR_EOF), decoder flushed
+     *
+     * Direct mapping to avcodec_receive_frame().
+     *
+     * @returns Decoded frame, null (need more data), or undefined (end of stream)
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If receive fails with error other than AVERROR_EAGAIN or AVERROR_EOF
+     *
+     * @throws {Error} If frame cloning fails (out of memory)
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const frame = decoder.receiveSync();
+     * if (frame === EOF) {
+     *   console.log('Decoder flushed, no more frames');
+     * } else if (frame) {
+     *   console.log('Got decoded frame');
+     *   frame.free();
+     * } else {
+     *   console.log('Need more packets');
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Drain all buffered frames (stop on null or EOF)
+     * let frame;
+     * while ((frame = decoder.receiveSync()) && frame !== EOF) {
+     *   console.log(`Frame PTS: ${frame.pts}`);
+     *   frame.free();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link decodeSync} For sending packets
+     * @see {@link flushSync} For signaling end-of-stream
+     * @see {@link receive} For async version
+     * @see {@link EOF} For end-of-stream signal
+     */
+    receiveSync(): Frame | EOFSignal | null;
+    /**
+     * Pipe decoded frames to a filter component or encoder.
+     *
+     * @param target - Filter to receive frames or encoder to encode frames
+     *
+     * @returns Scheduler for continued chaining
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * decoder.pipeTo(filter).pipeTo(encoder)
+     * ```
+     */
+    pipeTo(target: FilterAPI): Scheduler<Packet>;
+    pipeTo(target: Encoder): Scheduler<Packet>;
+    /**
+     * Close decoder and free resources.
+     *
+     * Releases codec context and internal frame buffer.
+     * Safe to call multiple times.
+     * Automatically called by Symbol.dispose.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const decoder = await Decoder.create(stream);
+     * try {
+     *   // Use decoder
+     * } finally {
+     *   decoder.close();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link Symbol.dispose} For automatic cleanup
+     */
+    close(): void;
+    /**
+     * Get stream object.
+     *
+     * Returns the underlying stream being decoded.
+     * Provides access to stream metadata and parameters.
+     *
+     * Borrowed: the stream is owned by the demuxer's format context and must not
+     * be read after that demuxer is closed.
+     *
+     * @returns Stream object
+     *
+     * @internal
+     *
+     * @see {@link Stream} For stream details
+     */
+    getStream(): Stream;
+    /**
+     * Get the stream's guessed frame rate.
+     *
+     * av_guess_frame_rate() of the decoded stream, taken when the decoder was
+     * created, so it outlives the demuxer. FFmpeg CLI feeds this rate into the
+     * filter graph, from where it reaches the encoder.
+     *
+     * @returns Guessed frame rate, or 0/1 if unknown
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    getGuessedFrameRate(): IRational;
+    /**
+     * Get decoder codec.
+     *
+     * Returns the codec used by this decoder.
+     * Useful for checking codec capabilities and properties.
+     *
+     * @returns Codec instance
+     *
+     * @internal
+     *
+     * @see {@link Codec} For codec details
+     */
+    getCodec(): Codec;
+    /**
+     * Get underlying codec context.
+     *
+     * Returns the codec context for advanced operations.
+     * Useful for accessing low-level codec properties and settings.
+     * Returns null if decoder is closed.
+     *
+     * @returns Codec context or null if closed
+     *
+     * @internal
+     *
+     * @see {@link CodecContext} For context details
+     */
+    getCodecContext(): CodecContext | null;
+    /**
+     * Account for the packet that went in before this one and hold this one.
+     *
+     * A new hardware decoder has to produce a frame within {@link HW_DECODE_PROBE}
+     * packets (plus its threads' delay) after its first keyframe. A running one
+     * counts as stuck once two keyframes in a row stayed silent, because a
+     * single corrupt keyframe leaves even a healthy decoder silent until the next
+     * one. Packets since the last silent keyframe are held, so the software
+     * decoder can start over from it.
+     *
+     * @param packet - The packet about to go in
+     *
+     * @returns Why the decoder counts as stuck, or null while it is not
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private watchHardware;
+    /**
+     * Reopen the decoder in software and decode the held packets again.
+     *
+     * The frames they produce are returned by the next receive calls, before
+     * anything the new decoder makes of later packets.
+     *
+     * @param reason - Why the hardware decoder counts as stuck
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If the software decoder fails to open or decode
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private fallBackToSoftware;
+    /**
+     * Reopen the decoder in software and decode the held packets again synchronously.
+     * Synchronous version of fallBackToSoftware.
+     *
+     * @param reason - Why the hardware decoder counts as stuck
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If the software decoder fails to open or decode
+     *
+     * @internal
+     *
+     * @see {@link fallBackToSoftware} For async version
+     */
+    private fallBackToSoftwareSync;
+    /**
+     * End the watch on the hardware decoder, which fell back once and for all.
+     *
+     * @param reason - Why the hardware decoder counts as stuck
+     *
+     * @returns The held packets, owned by the caller
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private takeHardwareWatch;
+    /**
+     * Take over the codec context of a freshly opened decoder and close it with the old one.
+     *
+     * @param software - Decoder opened in software for the same stream
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private adoptCodecContext;
+    /**
+     * Worker loop for push-based processing.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private runWorker;
+    /**
+     * Send packet to input queue or flush the pipeline.
+     *
+     * When packet is provided, queues it for processing.
+     * When null is provided, triggers flush sequence:
+     * - Closes input queue
+     * - Waits for worker completion
+     * - Flushes decoder and sends remaining frames to output queue
+     * - Closes output queue
+     * - Waits for pipeTo task completion
+     * - Propagates flush to next component (if any)
+     *
+     * Used by scheduler system for pipeline control.
+     *
+     * @param packet - Packet to send, or null to flush
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private sendToQueue;
+    /**
+     * Receive frame from output queue.
+     *
+     * @returns Frame from output queue or null if closed
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private receiveFromQueue;
+    /**
+     * Estimate video frame duration.
+     *
+     * Implements FFmpeg CLI's video_duration_estimate() logic.
+     * Uses multiple heuristics to determine frame duration when not explicitly available:
+     * 1. Frame duration from container (if reliable)
+     * 2. Duration from codec framerate
+     * 3. PTS difference between frames
+     * 4. Stream framerate
+     * 5. Last frame's estimated duration
+     *
+     * @param frame - Frame to estimate duration for
+     *
+     * @returns Estimated duration in frame's timebase units
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private estimateVideoDuration;
+    /**
+     * Process video frame after decoding.
+     *
+     * Implements FFmpeg CLI's video_frame_process() logic.
+     * Handles:
+     * - Hardware frame transfer to software format
+     * - PTS assignment from best_effort_timestamp
+     * - PTS extrapolation when missing
+     * - Duration estimation
+     * - Frame tracking for next frame
+     *
+     * @param frame - Decoded frame to process
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private processVideoFrame;
+    /**
+     * Audio samplerate update - handles sample rate changes.
+     *
+     * Based on FFmpeg's audio_samplerate_update().
+     *
+     * On sample rate change, chooses a new internal timebase that can represent
+     * timestamps from all sample rates seen so far. Uses GCD to find minimal
+     * common timebase, with fallback to LCM of common sample rates (28224000).
+     *
+     * Handles:
+     * - Sample rate change detection
+     * - Timebase calculation via GCD
+     * - Overflow detection and fallback
+     * - Frame timebase optimization
+     * - Rescaling existing timestamps
+     *
+     * @param frame - Audio frame to process
+     *
+     * @returns Timebase to use for this frame
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private audioSamplerateUpdate;
+    /**
+     * Audio timestamp processing - handles audio frame timestamps.
+     *
+     * Based on FFmpeg's audio_ts_process().
+     *
+     * Processes audio frame timestamps with:
+     * - Sample rate change handling via audioSamplerateUpdate()
+     * - PTS extrapolation when missing (pts_pred)
+     * - Gap detection (resets av_rescale_delta state)
+     * - Smooth timestamp conversion via av_rescale_delta
+     * - Duration calculation from nb_samples
+     * - Conversion to filtering timebase {1, sample_rate}
+     *
+     * Handles:
+     * - Dynamic sample rate changes
+     * - Missing timestamps (AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
+     * - Timestamp gaps/discontinuities
+     * - Sample-accurate timestamp generation
+     * - Frame duration calculation
+     *
+     * @param frame - Decoded audio frame to process
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private processAudioFrame;
+    /**
+     * Lazily configure the audio output resampler from the first decoded frame.
+     *
+     * Reads the source format from the frame, resolves the target from
+     * `options.resample` (omitted fields keep the source value), and builds a
+     * `SoftwareResampleContext` only when something actually differs. Runs once.
+     *
+     * @param frame - First decoded audio frame
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If the resampler cannot be configured or initialized
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private setupAudioResampler;
+    /**
+     * Lazily allocate the reused resampler output frame.
+     *
+     * @returns The allocated output frame
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private getResampleFrame;
+    /**
+     * Resample a decoded audio frame to the target format and clone it for the user.
+     *
+     * `swr_convert_frame` allocates/sizes the output buffer; the sample timestamp
+     * (carried in the frame's own timebase) is preserved, while `nb_samples` and
+     * `sample_rate` reflect the new rate. Returns null when the resampler buffered
+     * the input without emitting samples yet (caller should feed more).
+     *
+     * @param frame - Decoded source audio frame
+     *
+     * @returns Cloned resampled frame owned by the caller, or null if none emitted
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If resampling fails
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private resampleAudioClone;
+    /**
+     * Drain samples buffered inside the resampler (rate-conversion delay) at EOF.
+     *
+     * @returns Cloned drained frame owned by the caller, or null when empty
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If draining fails
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private drainResamplerClone;
+    /**
+     * Resolve (once, then cache) the software format to download hardware frames to.
+     *
+     * When `rescale.pixelFormat` is set and the frame's hardware frames context can
+     * transfer directly to it, that format is used so the subsequent swscale can be
+     * skipped entirely (when no resize is requested) or stay format-preserving. When
+     * it cannot, `AV_PIX_FMT_NONE` is returned so `av_hwframe_transfer_data` picks a
+     * supported format and the swscale handles the final conversion. Cached because
+     * the hardware frames context is stable for the lifetime of the decoder.
+     *
+     * @param frame - First hardware frame (used to read the hardware frames context)
+     *
+     * @returns The download format, or `AV_PIX_FMT_NONE` to let FFmpeg choose
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private resolveHwTransferFormat;
+    /**
+     * Transfer a hardware frame down to system memory, replacing it in place.
+     *
+     * The destination software format is the requested one when the GPU can transfer
+     * to it directly (see {@link resolveHwTransferFormat}), otherwise one chosen
+     * automatically by FFmpeg. The downloaded data replaces the hardware frame's
+     * contents so the rest of the pipeline operates on a software frame.
+     *
+     * @param frame - Hardware frame to download (modified in place)
+     *
+     * @returns True on success; false when the transfer failed and `exitOnError` is off
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If the transfer fails and `exitOnError` is enabled
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private transferHwFrameToSoftware;
+    /**
+     * Lazily allocate the reused rescaler output frame.
+     *
+     * @returns The allocated output frame
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private getScaledFrame;
+    /**
+     * Convert a (software) video frame to the requested `rescale` pixel format and/or
+     * size, replacing it in place.
+     *
+     * Each omitted target field keeps the source value, and the conversion is skipped
+     * entirely when the frame already matches. The swscale context is configured
+     * lazily from the first frame that needs conversion. `sws_scale_frame` copies the
+     * frame properties (timing, colorimetry, aspect ratio).
+     *
+     * @param frame - Software video frame to convert (modified in place)
+     *
+     * @throws {FFmpegError} If the rescaler fails to configure or convert and `exitOnError` is enabled
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    private rescaleVideoInPlace;
+    /**
+     * Dispose of decoder.
+     *
+     * Implements Disposable interface for automatic cleanup.
+     * Equivalent to calling close().
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * {
+     *   using decoder = await Decoder.create(stream);
+     *   // Decode frames...
+     * } // Automatically closed
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @see {@link close} For manual cleanup
+     */
+    [Symbol.dispose](): void;
+}