nerdamer 1.1.13 → 2.0.0-rc.1

package/output/core/classes/parser/operations/multiply.js

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.multiply = multiply;
+exports.merge = merge;
+exports.canonicalizeRadicals = canonicalizeRadicals;
+const errors_1 = require("../../../errors");
+const errors_2 = require("../../../errors");
+const complex_1 = require("../../../functions/complex");
+const Settings_1 = require("../../../Settings");
+const Expression_1 = require("../../expression/Expression");
+const shortcuts_1 = require("../../expression/shortcuts");
+const constants_1 = require("../constants");
+const power_1 = require("./power");
+/**
+ * Multiplies two Expressions
+ *
+ * @param a
+ * @param b
+ * @returns
+ */
+function multiply(a, b) {
+    let retval;
+    // TODO: The DEFER_SIMPLIFICATION flag currently does not work as intended. The intent is for it
+    // to defer simplification and return an expression providing the user with a fully reconstructed AST.
+    // The mechanisms required to achieve this are currently not in place. Use Parser.parseRPN for now
+    // and manually construct it.
+    if (Settings_1.Settings.DEFER_SIMPLIFICATION) {
+        // The wrap function is just a function to allow us to encapsulate the value
+        retval = merge(Expression_1.Expression.toFunction(constants_1.WRAP, [a]), Expression_1.Expression.toFunction(constants_1.WRAP, [b]));
+        retval.deferred = true;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (a.isZero()) {
+            if (b.isInf()) {
+                throw new errors_1.UndefinedError(errors_2.ErrorMessages[Settings_1.Settings.LANGUAGE].infinityTimesZero);
+            }
+            retval = Expression_1.Expression.Number('0');
+        }
+        else if (a.isNUM() && b.isNUM()) {
+            retval = Expression_1.Expression.fromRational(a.getMultiplier().times(b.getMultiplier()));
+        }
+        else if (a.isComplex() && b.isComplex() && a.isSum() && b.isSum()) {
+            const realA = a.realPart();
+            const realB = b.realPart();
+            const imA = a.imagPart();
+            const imB = b.imagPart();
+            retval = realA
+                .times(realB)
+                .minus(imA.times(imB))
+                .plus(realA.times(imB).plus(imA.times(realB)).times(Expression_1.Expression.Img()));
+        }
+        else if (a.isNUM() && !b.isInf()) {
+            retval = b.copy();
+            retval.multiplier = a.getMultiplier().times(b.getMultiplier());
+        }
+        // Multiplication of infinity
+        else if ((a.isInf() || a.isNUM()) && b.isInf()) {
+            // The default value for infinity is Inf
+            retval = Expression_1.Expression.Inf();
+            // Infinity times anything including itself is infinity.
+            // It's just a matter of determining the sign at this point.
+            if (a.getMultiplier().times(b.getMultiplier()).isNegative()) {
+                retval = retval.neg();
+            }
+            else if (a.isZero() || b.isZero()) {
+                throw new errors_1.UndefinedError('Infinity times zero is undefined!');
+            }
+        }
+        else if (a.value === b.value) {
+            // Define Rule: i * i = -1
+            retval = a.copy();
+            retval.multiplier = retval.getMultiplier().times(b.getMultiplier());
+            const power = a.getPower().plus(b.getPower());
+            if (power.isZero()) {
+                retval = Expression_1.Expression.fromRational(retval.getMultiplier());
+            }
+            else {
+                retval = Expression_1.Expression.setPower(retval, power);
+            }
+            const pow = retval.getPower();
+            // Simplify powers of i
+            if (retval.isI()) {
+                retval = (0, complex_1.simplifyImaginary)(retval);
+            }
+            // The abs is redundant for even powers for abs
+            else if (retval.isFunction(constants_1.ABS) && pow.isEven()) {
+                retval = retval.getArguments()[0].pow(pow).times(retval.getMultiplier());
+            }
+            // Else just leave it undefined
+        }
+        // We can just flip because of commutativity. Add can figure out the rest.
+        // ******************** RECIPROCALS ******************** //
+        else if (constants_1.RANK[a.type] > constants_1.RANK[b.type]) {
+            retval = multiply(b, a);
+        }
+        // Do not use else since this is a catchall for all unhandled cases.
+        retval = retval || merge(a, b);
+        // Check to make sure that the EXP can be unwrapped. Consider 3^(2/3)*3^(1/3)
+        // This started out as an EXP but since its power is now 1, (3)^1, it can be downgraded
+        // to a simple NUM
+        if (retval.isEXP() && retval.isLinear()) {
+            retval = retval.getBase().times(retval.getMultiplier());
+        }
+        // This ensures that imaginary numbers are properly expanded.
+        if (Settings_1.Settings.EVALUATE) {
+            retval = retval.distributeMultiplier();
+        }
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
+function transfer(a, b, but) {
+    let retval = a.getMultiplier(true);
+    const elements = a.getElements();
+    // Transfer over the remaining elements
+    for (const x in elements) {
+        if (x !== but) {
+            retval = multiply(retval, elements[x]);
+        }
+    }
+    // Transfer over the existing element
+    const result = multiply(elements[but], b);
+    //Exit early
+    return multiply(retval, result);
+}
+function combine(a, b, keyA, keyB) {
+    const retval = Expression_1.Expression.Number('1');
+    // We want the multiplier at the top so remove from a and b
+    retval.elements = {};
+    // Copy the elements
+    // TODO: This check should probably be handled by the keyValue method
+    retval.elements[keyA] = a.copy();
+    retval.elements[keyB] = b.copy();
+    return [retval, [a, b]];
+}
+function canMerge(a) {
+    return a.isProduct() && a.isLinear();
+}
+function merge(a, b) {
+    let retval;
+    let elements = [];
+    const expressionType = Expression_1.Expression.TYPES.PRD;
+    let aCanMerge = canMerge(a);
+    let bCanMerge = canMerge(b);
+    let setProperties = true;
+    // The multiplier is carried at the top of the expression they get moved and stripped from a and b;
+    let multiplier = a.multiplier || b.multiplier ? a.getMultiplier().times(b.getMultiplier()) : undefined;
+    if (multiplier) {
+        a = new Expression_1.Expression(a);
+        b = new Expression_1.Expression(b);
+        a.multiplier = undefined;
+        b.multiplier = undefined;
+    }
+    if (a.elements && !b.elements) {
+        [b, a] = [a, b]; // Swap them
+        [bCanMerge, aCanMerge] = [aCanMerge, bCanMerge];
+    }
+    // Case 1: Neither has an expression object so make an empty container and append a copy of the second.
+    // If skipAction is true then it will just append and skip everything else. Remember, a != b
+    if (!bCanMerge) {
+        const keyA = a.type === Expression_1.Expression.TYPES.GRP ? a.value : a.keyValue();
+        const keyB = b.type === Expression_1.Expression.TYPES.GRP ? b.value : b.keyValue();
+        const aIsProductAndLinear = a.isProduct() && a.isLinear();
+        // Check if it has the element
+        if (aIsProductAndLinear && b.isProduct() && b.getPower().isMinusOne()) {
+            let at = a;
+            let bt = (0, shortcuts_1.one)();
+            const aElements = a.getElements();
+            const bElements = b.getElements();
+            for (const x in bElements) {
+                const e = bElements[x];
+                if (x in aElements) {
+                    at = multiply(at, (0, power_1.power)(e, (0, shortcuts_1.minusOne)()));
+                }
+                else {
+                    bt = multiply(bt, e);
+                }
+            }
+            [retval, elements] = combine(at, multiply((0, power_1.power)(bt, (0, shortcuts_1.minusOne)()), a.getMultiplier(true)), a.keyValue(), b.keyValue());
+        }
+        else if (aIsProductAndLinear && a.getElements()[keyB]) {
+            retval = transfer(a, b, keyB);
+            setProperties = false;
+        }
+        else {
+            const p = a.getPower();
+            const q = b.getPower();
+            if (p.sign() === -1 && q.sign() === -1) {
+                const _a = a.invert();
+                const _b = b.invert();
+                retval = multiply(_a, _b);
+                retval = retval.invert();
+                elements = Object.values(retval.getElements());
+            }
+            else {
+                [retval, elements] = combine(new Expression_1.Expression(a), new Expression_1.Expression(b), keyA, keyB);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Case 2: The second has an expression object and the other doesn't. This has to of course be of the
+    // the right type. The first object gets added to the second object's expression container.
+    else if (!aCanMerge && bCanMerge) {
+        const key = a.keyValue();
+        retval = new Expression_1.Expression(b);
+        const subExpressions = retval.getElements();
+        let result;
+        // No need to move the multiplier since sub elements don't carry one
+        // and it has already been moved from a
+        if (key in subExpressions) {
+            result = multiply(a, subExpressions[key]);
+        }
+        else {
+            let existing = undefined;
+            // See if you can find a product since we prefer it going there before creating a new one
+            // This is an early simplification step that pays off.
+            for (const x in subExpressions) {
+                if (subExpressions[x].isProduct()) {
+                    existing = subExpressions[x];
+                    delete subExpressions[x];
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (existing) {
+                result = multiply(a, existing);
+            }
+            else {
+                result = new Expression_1.Expression(a);
+            }
+        }
+        // remove it if it resulted in one
+        if (result.isNUM()) {
+            // If it's a number and not one then move it to the multiplier
+            if (!result.isOne()) {
+                multiplier = multiplier?.times(result.getMultiplier());
+            }
+            delete subExpressions[key];
+        }
+        else {
+            subExpressions[key] = result;
+        }
+        elements = Object.values(subExpressions);
+    }
+    // Case 3: They both have expression objects
+    else {
+        retval = new Expression_1.Expression(a);
+        retval.multiplier = a.getMultiplier().times(b.getMultiplier());
+        const retvalElements = retval.getElements();
+        const bExpressions = b.getElements();
+        for (const x in bExpressions) {
+            const e = bExpressions[x];
+            if (x in retvalElements) {
+                const result = multiply(e, retvalElements[x]);
+                // Don't multiply 1
+                if (expressionType === Expression_1.Expression.TYPES.PRD && result.isOne()) {
+                    delete retvalElements[x];
+                }
+                else {
+                    retvalElements[x] = result;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                retvalElements[x] = new Expression_1.Expression(e);
+            }
+        }
+        elements = Object.values(retvalElements);
+    }
+    // Don't set the properties for recursive calls since those have already been set.
+    if (setProperties) {
+        // Set the type
+        retval.type = expressionType;
+        // Update the value
+        retval.value = Expression_1.Expression.getValue(elements, 'text', expressionType);
+    }
+    // Put the multiplier back
+    if (multiplier && !multiplier.isOne()) {
+        retval.multiplier = multiplier;
+    }
+    // Remove unnecessary complexity. If the type is PRD and can be made a lesser type then do so
+    if (retval.isProduct() && Object.keys(retval.getElements()).length === 1) {
+        const onlyElement = Object.values(retval.getElements())[0];
+        onlyElement.multiplier = onlyElement.getMultiplier().times(retval.getMultiplier());
+        retval = onlyElement;
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
+function canonicalizeRadicals(x) {
+    let retval;
+    // Direct numeric radical: e.g. 2^(-1/2)
+    if (x.isEXP() && x.isConstant() && x.hasRadical()) {
+        retval = (0, power_1.rationalizeRadical)(x, true);
+    }
+    // Function: canonicalize arguments
+    else if (x.isFunction()) {
+        const args = x.getArguments().map(arg => canonicalizeRadicals(arg));
+        let t = Expression_1.Expression.toFunction(x.name, args);
+        t.multiplier = x.multiplier;
+        t = Expression_1.Expression.setPower(t, x.getPower());
+        retval = t;
+    }
+    // Product containing radicals: walk elements
+    else if (x.isProduct()) {
+        let retval = Expression_1.Expression.fromRational(x.getMultiplier());
+        x.each(element => {
+            retval = retval.times(canonicalizeRadicals(element));
+        });
+    }
+    // Sum: walk terms
+    else if (x.isSum() && x.isLinear()) {
+        let retval = (0, shortcuts_1.zero)();
+        x.each(term => {
+            retval = retval.plus(canonicalizeRadicals(term));
+        });
+    }
+    // EXP with non-numeric base: canonicalize the base and power
+    else if (x.isEXP()) {
+        const base = canonicalizeRadicals(x.getBase());
+        const pow = canonicalizeRadicals(x.getPower());
+        const retval = base.pow(pow);
+        retval.multiplier = x.multiplier;
+    }
+    return retval ?? x;
+}

package/output/core/classes/parser/operations/power.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { Expression } from '../../expression/Expression';
+import type { factorCountType } from '../../../functions/bigint/primeFactor';
+/**
+ * IMPORTANT: Expressions of type EXP carry a sign in their value.
+ * @param a
+ * @param b
+ * @returns
+ */
+export declare function power(a: Expression, b: Expression): Expression;
+/**
+ * Sets the power of a Expression by converting it to an exponential.
+ * This functions assumes that no negatives roots or exponents are provided.
+ * If EVALUATE is set it returns the evaluate value
+ *
+ * @param a
+ * @param b
+ */
+export declare function setPower(a: Expression, b: Expression): Expression;
+/**
+ * Converts the square root to power form
+ *
+ * @param x
+ */
+export declare function sqrtToPow(x: Expression): Expression;
+/**
+ * Converts a function from power to sqrt form
+ *
+ * @param x
+ */
+export declare function powToSqrt(x: Expression): Expression;
+/**
+ * Removes factors of two.
+ *
+ * @param n
+ * @returns
+ */
+export declare function nthPow(x: bigint | factorCountType, root: bigint): Expression;
+/**
+ * Rationalizes a numeric expression with a negative fractional power.
+ * Rewrites a^(-p/q) as a^((kq-p)/q) * a^(-k) where k = ceil(p/q),
+ * removing the radical from the denominator.
+ *
+ * Example: 5^(-2/3) → 5^(1/3) * 5^(-1) = 5^(1/3) / 5
+ *
+ * @param x An EXP expression like 5^(-2/3)
+ * @returns The rationalized expression
+ */
+export declare function rationalizeRadical(x: Expression, canonical?: boolean): Expression;