neo.mjs 10.0.0-beta.6 → 10.0.0

package/learn/blog/v10-deep-dive-reactivity.md

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+# Deep Dive: Named vs. Anonymous State - A New Era of Component Reactivity
+
+In the main article of our series, we explored the "heartbreak" of modern frontend development: the constant battle
+against the main thread, the tedious "memoization tax," and the architectural nightmares of complex state management.
+These are not isolated issues; they are symptoms of a foundational problem in how mainstream frameworks handle reactivity.
+
+Welcome to the first deep dive into the architecture of Neo.mjs v10. In this article, we're going to dissect the engine
+that makes the old problems obsolete: **The Two-Tier Reactivity System**. This is a revolutionary approach that
+seamlessly unifies two powerful paradigms—a classic "push" system and a modern "pull" system—into one elegant
+developer experience. This isn't just a new feature; it's a new reality for how you can write and reason about your
+application's state and rendering logic.
+
+*(Part 2 of 5 in the v10 blog series. Details at the bottom.)*
+
+---
+
+## Act I: Tier 1 - The Classic "Push" System
+
+Unlike many frameworks, Neo.mjs has *always* had a reactive config system. Since its earliest versions, you could take a
+component instance and change its properties directly, and the UI would update automatically.
+
+```javascript
+// This has always worked in Neo.mjs
+const myButton = Neo.get('my-button');
+myButton.text = 'Click me now!'; // The button's text in the DOM updates
+```
+
+This has always been powered by a robust system of prototype-based getters and setters.
+For any reactive **Named Config** (e.g., `text_`), the framework provides three optional lifecycle hooks that you can
+implement to hook into its lifecycle:
+
+*   `beforeGetText(value)`: Run just before a value is read.
+*   `beforeSetText(value, oldValue)`: Run before a new value is set, allowing for validation or transformation.
+*   `afterSetText(value, oldValue)`: Run after a value has been successfully changed, perfect for triggering side effects.
+
+This powerful, hook-based API is an imperative, **"push-based"** system. Think of it like a **manual phone tree**: when a
+config changes, your `afterSet` hook is responsible for explicitly "calling" all the other parts of the component
+that need to know about the change. It offers precise, granular control, but it means you are manually managing the
+dependency graph.
+
+```javascript readonly
+// Example: Implementing an afterSet hook
+import Base from 'neo.mjs/src/core/Base.mjs';
+
+class MyComponent extends Base {
+    static config = {
+        className: 'My.AfterSetExample',
+        // A reactive config with a trailing underscore
+        message_: 'Hello'
+    }
+
+    // This hook automatically runs after 'message' is set
+    afterSetMessage(value, oldValue) {
+        console.log(`Message changed from "${oldValue}" to "${value}"`);
+        // Manually update a dependent property or trigger a UI update
+        this.someOtherProperty = `Processed: ${value.toUpperCase()}`;
+    }
+}
+
+const myInstance = Neo.create(MyComponent);
+myInstance.message = 'World'; // Console will log: Message changed from "Hello" to "World"
+console.log(myInstance.someOtherProperty); // Logs: Processed: WORLD
+```
+
+For v10, we didn't replace this system—we super-charged it. We asked: what if we could add a second, fully automatic
+tier to this foundation?
+
+## Act II: Tier 2 - The Modern "Pull" System
+
+The v10 release introduces the second tier: a declarative, **"pull-based"** system. Think of it like a **subscription
+service**: you "subscribe" to a piece of state simply by reading it. When that state changes, the framework automatically
+notifies all subscribers. You no longer manage the dependency graph—the framework does it for you.
+
+This is powered by a new set of core primitives (`Neo.core.Config`, `Neo.core.Effect`, `Neo.core.EffectManager`)
+that form a hyper-performant reactive foundation.
+
+The true genius of this Two-Tier system is how they are seamlessly bridged together. Think of it like a **universal
+power adapter**: you use a simple, familiar plug (`myButton.text = '...'`), and the adapter transparently handles
+powering both systems at once.
+
+When you define a a config with a trailing underscore (e.g., `text_`), the generated setter becomes this adapter. It
+simultaneously:
+
+1.  **Powers Tier 2 ("Pull"):** It updates the underlying `Neo.core.Config` atom, automatically triggering any dependent effects.
+2.  **Powers Tier 1 ("Push"):** It calls the classic `afterSetText()` hook, allowing for explicit, imperative logic.
+
+This means every config property is now an observable, atomic unit of state that works with both paradigms, giving you
+the best of both worlds without any extra effort.
+
+This upgrade set the stage for a revolutionary new way to think about component state.
+
+## Act III: The Breakthrough - A Tale of Two States
+
+The true power of the **Two-Tier Reactivity System** is not just that the two tiers exist, but how they work together.
+With this unified engine in place, we could design a functional component model that solves one of the biggest
+architectural challenges in modern UI development: the ambiguity between a component's public API and its private state.
+
+This is best explained with a simple component:
+
+```javascript
+import {defineComponent, useConfig, useEvent} from 'neo.mjs';
+
+export default defineComponent({
+    // 1. The Public API
+    config: {
+        className: 'My.Component',
+        greeting_: 'Hello' // This is a NAMED config
+    },
+
+    // 2. The Implementation
+    createVdom(config) {
+        // 3. The Private State
+        const [name, setName] = useConfig('World'); // This is an ANONYMOUS config
+
+        useEvent('click', () => setName(prev => prev === 'Neo' ? 'World' : 'Neo'));
+
+        return {
+            // 4. The Synergy
+            text: `${config.greeting}, ${name}!`
+        }
+    }
+});
+```
+
+This small component demonstrates a paradigm that is likely unfamiliar to developers coming from other frameworks.
+Let's break it down.
+
+#### 1. Named Configs: The Public, Mutable API
+
+The `greeting_` property is a **Named Config**. It is defined inside the `static config` block. (The trailing underscore
+is the Neo.mjs convention to automatically generate a reactive getter and setter for a public property named `greeting`.)
+Think of it as the component's public-facing API.
+
+*   **It's like props:** A parent component can provide an initial value for `greeting` when creating an instance.
+*   **It's NOT like props:** It is fully reactive and **directly mutable** from the outside.
+
+Another component, or you directly in the browser console, can do this:
+
+```javascript
+const myComponent = Neo.get('my-component-id');
+
+// Directly change the public API. The component will instantly re-render.
+myComponent.greeting = 'Welcome';
+```
+
+This is a paradigm shift. It's not "props drilling" or complex state management. It's a direct, observable,
+and reactive contract with the component.
+
+#### 2. Anonymous Configs: The Private, Encapsulated State
+
+The `const [name, setName] = useConfig('World')` line creates an **Anonymous Config**.
+
+*   **It's like `useState`:** It manages a piece of state that is completely private and encapsulated within the component.
+*   **It's NOT controllable from the outside:** No parent component or external code can see or modify the `name` state.
+    As shown in the example, it can only be changed via the `setName` function, which is called by the component's own
+    internal logic (like the `useEvent` hook).
+
+#### 3. The Synergy: Effortless Composition
+
+The magic happens inside the `createVdom` method. This single function, which is wrapped in a master `Neo.core.Effect`,
+seamlessly reads from both state types:
+
+*   It accesses the public API via the `config` parameter. This object is a reactive proxy to the component's public API.
+    When the `vdomEffect` runs, simply accessing `config.greeting` is enough to register the public `greeting_` property
+    as a dependency.
+*   It accesses the private state directly from the hook's return value: `name`.
+
+Because both `config.greeting` (a Named Config) and `name` (an Anonymous Config) are powered by the same atomic
+`Neo.core.Config` engine, the master `vdomEffect` automatically tracks them both as dependencies.
+
+If *either* an external force changes the public API (`myComponent.greeting = '...'`) or an internal event changes the
+private state (`setName('Neo')`), the component's `vdomEffect` will re-run, and the UI will be updated surgically.
+
+### Conclusion: The Best of Both Worlds
+
+This "Tale of Two States" is more than just a new API; it's the foundation for a paradigm that solves the most
+frustrating parts of modern frontend development. It delivers a developer experience that feels both radically simple
+and incredibly powerful, resolving the long-standing conflict between mutability and predictability.
+
+**1. Your State is Mutable by Design.**
+In Neo.mjs, you are encouraged to work with state in the most natural way possible: direct mutation. The framework
+provides several powerful methods to apply these mutations, from changing single properties to batching multiple updates
+atomically, or even decoupling state changes from the render cycle entirely.
+
+```javascript
+// The recommended way is to mutate a component's public configs.
+// The component's internal logic (e.g., an afterSet hook) directly mutates the vdom object, outside any effects.
+// This triggers an asynchronous update cycle.
+myComponent.text = 'New Title';
+
+// For multiple changes, batch them with .set() for efficiency.
+await myComponent.set({
+    iconCls: 'fa fa-rocket',
+    text   : 'Launch'
+});
+
+// Change multiple configs without triggering an update cycle:
+myComponent.setSilent({
+    iconCls: 'fa fa-cogs',
+    text   : 'Settings'
+});
+// This is a powerful way to e.g. then update its parent, and trigger an aggregated update cycle for both
+```
+
+**2. The Update Process is Immutable by Default.**
+Herein lies the magic. The moment you trigger an update, the framework takes a complete, serializable snapshot of your
+component's current `vdom` and `vnode`. This JSON snapshot is, by its nature, an immutable copy. It's this frozen-in-time
+representation that gets sent to the VDOM Worker for diffing.
+
+**The Result: A Mutability Paradox.**
+You get the best of both worlds, without compromise:
+
+*   **A Simple, Mutable Developer Experience:** You work with plain JavaScript objects and change them directly.
+    The framework doesn't force you into an unnatural, immutable style.
+*   **A Safe, Immutable Update Pipeline:** The VDOM worker operates on a predictable, isolated snapshot,
+    ensuring that rendering is always consistent and free from race conditions.
+
+Because of this architecture, you are free to continue mutating the component's state in the App Worker *even while a
+VDOM update is in flight*. The framework handles the queueing and ensures the next update will simply capture the new state.
+
+This is why the entire ecosystem of manual memoization (`useMemo`, `useCallback`, `React.memo`) is rendered obsolete.
+The architecture is **performant by default** because it gives you the developer ergonomics of direct mutation while
+leveraging the performance and safety of an immutable, off-thread rendering process.
+
+This is the new reality of reactivity in Neo.mjs v10. It's a system designed to let you fall in love with building,
+not fighting, your components.
+
+---
+
+## Under the Hood: The Atomic Engine
+
+For those who want to go deeper, let's look at the core primitives that make this all possible. The entire v10 reactivity
+system is built on a foundation of three simple, powerful classes.
+
+### `Neo.core.Config`: The Observable Box
+[[Source]](https://github.com/neomjs/neo/blob/dev/src/core/Config.mjs)
+
+At the very bottom of the stack is `Neo.core.Config`. You can think of this as an "observable box." It's a lightweight
+container that holds a single value. Its only jobs are to hold that value and to notify a list of subscribers whenever
+the value changes. It knows nothing about components, the DOM, or anything else.
+
+```javascript readonly
+// Example: Neo.core.Config - The Observable Box
+import Config from 'neo.mjs/src/core/Config.mjs';
+
+const myConfig = new Config('initial value');
+```
+
+### `Neo.core.Effect`: The Reactive Function
+[[Source]](https://github.com/neomjs/neo/blob/dev/src/core/Effect.mjs)
+
+An `Effect` is a function that automatically tracks its dependencies. When you create an `Effect`, you give it a function
+to run. As that function runs, any `Neo.core.Config` instance whose value it reads will automatically register itself as
+a dependency of that `Effect`.
+
+If any of those dependencies change in the future, the `Effect` automatically re-runs its function. It's a self-managing
+subscription that forms the basis of all reactivity in the framework.
+
+```javascript readonly
+// Example: Neo.core.Effect - The Reactive Function
+import Effect from 'neo.mjs/src/core/Effect.mjs';
+import Config from 'neo.mjs/src/core/Config.mjs';
+
+let effectRunCount = 0;
+const myConfig = new Config('initial value'); // Re-using myConfig from previous example
+
+const myEffect = new Effect(() => {
+    effectRunCount++;
+    console.log('Effect ran. Current config value:', myConfig.get());
+});
+
+console.log('Initial effect run count:', effectRunCount); // Logs: Initial effect run count: 1
+
+myConfig.set('new value'); // Console will log: Effect ran. Current config value: new value
+console.log('After set, effect run count:', effectRunCount); // Logs: After set, effect run count: 2
+```
+
+### `Neo.core.EffectManager`: The Orchestrator
+[[Source]](https://github.com/neomjs/neo/blob/dev/src/core/EffectManager.mjs)
+
+This is the central singleton that makes the magic happen. The `EffectManager` keeps track of which `Effect` is currently
+running. When a `Config` instance is read, it asks the `EffectManager`, "Who is watching me right now?" and adds the
+current `Effect` to its list of subscribers.
+
+### The Next Level: Mutable State, Immutable Updates
+
+This is where the Neo.mjs reactivity model takes a significant leap beyond other frameworks. It's an architecture that
+provides the intuitive ergonomics of direct mutation with the safety and performance of an immutable pipeline.
+
+#### Synchronous State, Asynchronous DOM
+
+First, a crucial distinction. The core `Effect` system within the App Worker runs **synchronously**, and it's built on a
+principle of **atomic batching**. When you use a method like `myComponent.set({...})`, the framework automatically wraps
+all state changes in a single batch. The `EffectManager` pauses execution, queues all triggered effects, and then runs
+them exactly once, synchronously, after the batch is complete. This guarantees that all dependent reactive values
+*within the App Worker* are updated immediately and consistently in the same turn of the event loop, with no "waiting for
+the next tick" to know the state of your application logic.
+
+However, the process of updating the actual DOM is **asynchronous**. It has to be. A call to `myComponent.update()` or a
+change to a reactive config kicks off the "triangular worker communication":
+
+1.  **App Worker → VDOM Worker:** The App Worker sends a snapshot of the component's `vdom` and previous `vnode` to the VDOM Worker.
+2.  **VDOM Worker → Main Thread:** The VDOM Worker creates the new `vnode` tree. calculates the minimal set of changes
+    (the `deltas`). It sends both to the Main Thread.
+3.  **Main Thread → App Worker:** The Main Thread applies the `deltas` to the real DOM. It then sends the new `vnode`
+     back to the App Worker, which assigns it to the component (`myComponent.vnode = newVnode`) and resolves any promises
+     associated with the update cycle.
+
+#### The Immutable Snapshot: The Key to the Paradox
+
+The genius of this model lies in how the App Worker communicates with the VDOM Worker. It doesn't send a live, mutable
+object. Instead, it creates a deep, JSON-serializable **snapshot** of the component's `vdom` tree.
+
+This snapshot is, by its very nature, an **immutable copy**.
+
+This single architectural choice unlocks the entire paradigm:
+
+*   **Developer Freedom:** As a developer in the App Worker, you are free to mutate your component's state and VDOM at
+    any time. You can change a property, push a new child into the `vdom.cn` array, and then immediately change another property.
+*   **Pipeline Safety:** The VDOM worker receives a clean, predictable, "frozen-in-time" version of the UI to work with.
+    It is completely isolated from any mutations that might be happening back in the App Worker while it's calculating the diff.
+
+This completely eliminates the need for developers to manage immutability. You get a developer experience that is
+fundamentally simpler and more aligned with how JavaScript objects naturally work, while the framework ensures the update
+process is as safe and predictable as in the most rigidly immutable systems.
+
+### Tying It All Together
+
+When you define a component, the framework connects these pieces for you:
+
+1.  Every reactive config (both **Named** like `greeting_` and **Anonymous** via `useConfig`) is backed by its own
+    `Neo.core.Config` instance.
+2.  Your entire `createVdom` function is wrapped in a single, master `Neo.core.Effect`.
+3.  When `createVdom` runs, it reads from various `Config` instances, and the `EffectManager` ensures they are all
+    registered as dependencies of the master `Effect`.
+4.  When any of those configs change, the master `Effect` re-runs, your `createVdom` is executed again, and the UI updates.
+
+This elegant, layered architecture is what provides the power and performance of the v10 reactivity system, delivering a
+developer experience that is both simple on the surface and incredibly robust underneath.
+
+---
+
+## Architectural Proof: The Asynchronous Lifecycle
+
+The Two-Tier Reactivity system isn't just for managing the state inside a single component. Its true power is revealed
+when it's used to solve complex, application-wide architectural challenges. The most potent example of this is how
+Neo.mjs v10 handles the "lazy-load paradox."
+
+This is enabled by three fundamental v10 features: enhanced mixins, an async-aware lifecycle, and intelligent remote
+method interception.
+
+### 1. Enhanced Mixins: True Modules of State and Behavior
+
+This is a core tenet of the Neo.mjs philosophy: **architectural depth enables surface-level simplicity.**
+
+For v10, we revolutionized how our class system handles **mixins**. Previously, they could only copy methods. Now, they
+can also carry their own `configs`, elevating them into truly self-contained modules of both state and behavior. This
+allows us to encapsulate complex logic (e.g., for rendering or remote communication) into single, reusable modules that
+can be cleanly applied to any class.
+
+### 2. A Two-Phase, Async-Aware Lifecycle (`initAsync`)
+
+Every class in Neo.mjs now has a two-phase initialization process. The `construct()` method runs instantly and
+synchronously. It is then followed by `initAsync()`, an `async` method designed for long-running tasks.
+The framework provides a reactive `isReady_` config that automatically flips to `true` only after the `initAsync()`
+promise resolves.
+
+```javascript readonly
+// Example: Two-Phase, Async-Aware Lifecycle (initAsync)
+import Base from 'neo.mjs/src/core/Base.mjs';
+
+class MyAsyncService extends Base {
+    static config = {
+        className: 'My.AsyncService',
+        // isReady_ is automatically managed by the framework
+    }
+
+    async initAsync() {
+        await super.initAsync(); // Mandatory: Await the parent's initAsync
+        console.log('initAsync started. Simulating async work...');
+        await this.timeout(1000); // Simulate async work
+        console.log('initAsync finished.');
+        // isReady will flip to true *after* this promise resolves,
+        // triggering afterSetIsReady()
+    }
+
+    // This hook is called by the framework when isReady_ changes
+    afterSetIsReady(value, oldValue) {
+        super.afterSetIsReady(value, oldValue); // Call super if it exists
+        if (value === true) {
+            console.log('MyAsyncService is now ready!');
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const service = Neo.create(MyAsyncService);
+console.log('Service created. isReady (initial):', service.isReady); // Logs: Service created. isReady (initial): false
+// Console will then log:
+// initAsync started. Simulating async work...
+// initAsync finished.
+// MyAsyncService is now ready!
+```
+
+### 3. Intelligent Remote Method Interception
+
+The framework's `RemoteMethodAccess` mixin is aware of this `isReady` state. When a remote call arrives for a main
+thread addon that is not yet ready, it doesn't fail. Instead, it **intercepts the call**.
+
+Let's walk through a practical example: using a powerful, but large, third-party charting library like AmCharts on the
+main thread.
+
+*   Loading it upfront is bad for performance; it blocks the initial application load.
+*   Lazy-loading it creates a classic race condition: what happens if your App Worker sends a command to create a chart
+    *before* the AmCharts library has finished downloading and initializing?
+
+In a traditional framework, this would require complex, manual state management. In Neo.mjs, the solution is an
+elegant and automatic feature of the core reactivity system.
+
+1.  An `AmChart` wrapper component in the App Worker is mounted and sends a remote command: `Neo.main.addon.AmCharts.create(...)`.
+2.  On the main thread, the `AmCharts` addon receives the call. It checks its own `isReady` state, which is `false`.
+3.  Instead of executing the `create` method, it **caches the request** in an internal queue.
+4.  Crucially, it **immediately triggers its own `initAsync()` process**, which begins downloading the AmCharts library files.
+5.  Once the files are loaded, `initAsync()` resolves, and the addon's `isReady` flag flips to `true`.
+6.  The `afterSetIsReady()` hook—a standard feature of the reactivity system—automatically fires, processes the queue of
+    cached calls, and finally creates the chart.
+
+The developer in the App Worker is completely shielded from this complexity. They simply call a method, and the framework
+guarantees it will be executed correctly and in the right order. There are no manual loading flags, no race conditions,
+and no complex queueing logic to write.
+
+```javascript readonly
+// Example: Intelligent Remote Method Interception (Simplified)
+
+// --- Main Thread Addon ---
+// This addon runs on the Main Thread and simulates loading a heavy library.
+import AddonBase from 'neo.mjs/src/main/addon/Base.mjs';
+
+class MyHeavyLibraryAddon extends AddonBase {
+    static config = {
+        className: 'Neo.main.addon.HeavyLibraryAddon',
+        // List methods that should be intercepted if the addon is not ready.
+        // The base class's onInterceptRemotes() will cache these calls.
+        interceptRemotes: ['loadResource', 'processData'],
+        // Expose the methods to the App Worker.
+        remotes: {
+            app: ['loadResource', 'processData']
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Subclasses must implement loadFiles() to load external resources.
+    // This method is awaited by initAsync().
+    async loadFiles() {
+        console.log('Addon: Simulating heavy library/resource loading...');
+        await this.timeout(1500); // Simulate async work
+        console.log('Addon: Heavy library/resource loaded.');
+    }
+
+    // Remote methods that can be called from the App Worker.
+    loadResource(url) {
+        console.log('Addon: Executing loadResource for:', url);
+        return `Resource from ${url} loaded!`;
+    }
+
+    processData(data) {
+        console.log('Addon: Executing processData with:', data);
+        return `Data processed: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`;
+    }
+
+    // The afterSetIsReady method (from AddonBase) will automatically
+    // process any queued remote calls once this.isReady becomes true.
+}
+
+// --- Simulation of App Worker making calls to Main Thread Addon ---
+(async () => {
+    console.log('--- Simulation Start ---');
+
+    // These calls are made before the addon's initAsync (and thus loadFiles) completes.
+    // They will be intercepted and queued by the addon.Base logic.
+    console.log('Simulating App Worker call: loadResource (before addon ready)');
+    const result1Promise = Neo.main.addon.HeavyLibraryAddon.loadResource('/api/data/resource1');
+
+    console.log('Simulating App Worker call: processData (before addon ready)');
+    const result2Promise = Neo.main.addon.HeavyLibraryAddon.processData({ value: 42, type: 'example' });
+
+    // The promises will resolve once the addon becomes ready and processes the queued calls.
+    const [result1, result2] = await Promise.all([result1Promise, result2Promise]);
+
+    console.log('Result from loadResource:', result1);
+    console.log('Result from processData:',  result2);
+
+    console.log('--- Simulation End ---');
+})();
+```
+
+**Explanation of this example's relevance:**
+This snippet demonstrates how Neo.mjs handles remote method calls to Main Thread addons that might not be immediately ready.
+
+* `MyHeavyLibraryAddon` (Main Thread Addon):
+    * Extends AddonBase, inheriting the core logic for initAsync, isReady_, onInterceptRemotes, and afterSetIsReady.
+    * Defines interceptRemotes to specify which methods should be queued if the addon isn't ready.
+    * Implements loadFiles() to simulate the asynchronous loading of external resources (e.g., a large third-party library).
+    * Exposes loadResource and processData as remote methods that can be called from the App Worker.
+* Simulation of App Worker Calls:
+    * Shows how an App Worker component would make calls to the Main Thread addon using Neo.main.addon.AddonClassName.methodName().
+    * These calls are made before the MyHeavyLibraryAddon has completed its initAsync (and loadFiles).
+    * The AddonBase's onInterceptRemotes automatically intercepts these calls, queues them, and returns a promise that will resolve later.
+    * Once MyHeavyLibraryAddon finishes its initAsync (simulated by loadFiles completing), its isReady_ config flips to true.
+    * The AddonBase's afterSetIsReady then automatically processes the queued calls, resolving the original promises.
+
+This is the ultimate expression of the Neo.mjs philosophy: using the core reactivity engine not just to render UIs, but
+to orchestrate the entire application's asynchronous state and logic. It's the final proof that a robust reactive foundation
+doesn't just simplify your code — it makes entirely new patterns of development possible.
+
+---
+
+## The Neo.mjs v10 Blog Post Series
+
+1. [A Frontend Love Story: Why the Strategies of Today Won't Build the Apps of Tomorrow](./v10-post1-love-story.md)
+2. Deep Dive: Named vs. Anonymous State - A New Era of Component Reactivity
+3. [Beyond Hooks: A New Breed of Functional Components for a Multi-Threaded World](./v10-deep-dive-functional-components.md)
+4. [Deep Dive: The VDOM Revolution - JSON Blueprints & Asymmetric Rendering](./v10-deep-dive-vdom-revolution.md)
+5. [Deep Dive: The State Provider Revolution](./v10-deep-dive-state-provider.md)