mixdog 0.7.18 → 0.8.1

package/src/runtime/agent/orchestrator/tools/shell-command.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,880 @@
+'use strict';
+// Async one-shot shell runner.
+//
+// Replaces the legacy spawnSync path in builtin.mjs shell execution. The
+// improvements over spawnSync are:
+//   - tree-kill on timeout / abort (Windows taskkill /T /F, POSIX process
+//     group SIGTERM->SIGKILL escalation) so forked children come down with
+//     the parent shell instead of being orphaned holding pipes.
+//   - automatic spill to $PLUGIN_DATA/shell-output/<taskId>.* once the
+//     in-memory buffers exceed SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP*4 bytes. The caller
+//     receives an outputFilePath marker the model can FileRead later
+//     instead of losing the tail past the inline cap.
+//   - external AbortSignal hookup so a session-scoped abort (ESC, new
+//     prompt) cancels in-flight bash work without orphaning the child.
+//
+// Persistent shells in bash-session.mjs keep their separate stdin-marker
+// protocol — that runner is stateful and uses a different model entirely.
+
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
+import {
+  mkdirSync,
+  openSync,
+  closeSync,
+  readFileSync,
+  readSync,
+  writeSync,
+  fsyncSync,
+  unlinkSync,
+  writeFileSync,
+} from 'node:fs';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import * as nodeUtil from 'node:util';
+import { getPluginData } from '../config.mjs';
+import { startChildGuardian } from '../../../shared/child-guardian.mjs';
+// Runtime-only import (used inside execShellCommand's auto-background
+// transition). shell-jobs.mjs imports stripAnsi from this module, so this is
+// a static cycle — safe because neither binding is touched at module-eval
+// time, only when the respective functions actually run.
+import { adoptForegroundShellJob } from './builtin/shell-jobs.mjs';
+
+// Inline cap. Output above this size is spilled to disk and the caller
+// renders a path marker instead of pasting the tail. Matches the
+// SHELL_OUTPUT_MAX_CHARS used by the smart-truncate renderer in
+// builtin.mjs so spilled output and inline output share the same boundary.
+const SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP = 30_000;
+
+// Hard ceiling on disk-backed output. Past this the SIZE_WATCHDOG (G2)
+// SIGKILLs the child to avoid filling the filesystem. 100 MB is generous
+// for any legitimate command output and tight enough to catch a runaway
+// loop within ~seconds on a typical SSD.
+const SHELL_OUTPUT_DISK_CAP = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+// Background-task disk watchdog cadence. The size guard polls the spilled
+// stdout/stderr files every interval and SIGKILLs the child once the
+// combined size exceeds SHELL_OUTPUT_DISK_CAP. 5 s matches Claude Code's
+// upstream cadence — short enough that a runaway loop is caught within a
+// few seconds, long enough that the stat overhead is negligible.
+const SIZE_WATCHDOG_INTERVAL_MS = 1_000;
+
+// fsync throttle for spilled output reads. getStdout/getStderr call
+// fsyncSync before reading to ensure the caller sees the latest bytes.
+// On Windows every fsyncSync is a noticeable I/O syscall, so throttle
+// consecutive calls to at most one per this interval. Tune via env
+// MIXDOG_SHELL_FSYNC_THROTTLE_MS (default 1000 ms, positive integer).
+function positiveIntEnv(name, fallback) {
+  const value = Number(process.env[name]);
+  return Number.isFinite(value) && value > 0 ? Math.floor(value) : fallback;
+}
+const MIXDOG_SHELL_FSYNC_THROTTLE_MS = positiveIntEnv('MIXDOG_SHELL_FSYNC_THROTTLE_MS', 1000);
+
+// ANSI / VT control sequence stripper. Falls back to a regex sweep when
+// node:util's stripVTControlCharacters isn't available (older Node).
+const _ANSI_REGEX =
+  /(?:\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]|\][\s\S]*?(?:|\\|œ))/g;
+const _stripAnsiImpl =
+  typeof nodeUtil.stripVTControlCharacters === 'function'
+    ? (s) => nodeUtil.stripVTControlCharacters(s)
+    : (s) => String(s).replace(_ANSI_REGEX, () => '');
+
+export function stripAnsi(s) {
+  if (typeof s !== 'string' || s.length === 0) return s;
+  return _stripAnsiImpl(s);
+}
+
+// Tree-kill helper. spawn alone only signals the direct child, so a
+// `sleep 1000 &` or a forked node server inside the shell stays alive
+// holding the pipes open. POSIX path signals the process group (we spawn
+// with detached:true to give the child its own pgid). Windows uses
+// taskkill /T /F to walk the tree. Safe to call repeatedly; all errors
+// swallowed.
+function treeKill(child) {
+  if (!child) return;
+  // Track close/exit via the standard child fields (set by Node when
+  // the corresponding events fire) instead of `child.killed`, which is
+  // true the moment any signal is delivered — even before the child has
+  // actually terminated. Using exitCode/signalCode means the SIGKILL
+  // escalation only suppresses itself when the process is genuinely
+  // gone.
+  if (child.exitCode != null || child.signalCode != null) return;
+  const pid = child.pid;
+  if (!pid) return;
+  try {
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      spawn('taskkill', ['/pid', String(pid), '/t', '/f'], {
+        windowsHide: true,
+        stdio: 'ignore',
+      });
+    } else {
+      try {
+        process.kill(-pid, 'SIGTERM');
+      } catch {
+        try {
+          child.kill('SIGTERM');
+        } catch {}
+      }
+      // Escalate to SIGKILL after 3s so a child that ignores SIGTERM
+      // still comes down. Windows taskkill /F is already forceful so
+      // skip the escalation timer there.
+      const esc = setTimeout(() => {
+        if (child.exitCode != null || child.signalCode != null) return;
+        try {
+          process.kill(-pid, 'SIGKILL');
+        } catch {
+          try {
+            child.kill('SIGKILL');
+          } catch {}
+        }
+      }, 3000);
+      if (esc.unref) esc.unref();
+    }
+  } catch {
+    /* swallow */
+  }
+}
+
+// Head+tail read helper: avoid pulling a large spill back into memory, but
+// preserve BOTH the start of the output (where build / compiler / test errors
+// are usually printed first) and the most recent output. Past INLINE_CAP*4
+// bytes we return the first half-budget and the trailing half-budget with an
+// elision marker between; below that the full body is returned as-is. A tail-
+// only slice silently dropped early diagnostics. UTF-8 sequences are at most
+// 4 B, so a small padding window lets us cut/advance on codepoint boundaries
+// instead of emitting a U+FFFD glyph at the seam.
+function _readHeadTail(filePath, fileSize) {
+  if (fileSize <= SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP * 4) {
+    return readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8');
+  }
+  const padding = 4;
+  const headBudget = Math.floor(SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP / 2);
+  const tailBudget = SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP - headBudget;
+  const fd = openSync(filePath, 'r');
+  try {
+    // Head: first headBudget bytes, dropping a split trailing codepoint.
+    const headBuf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(headBudget + padding);
+    const hn = readSync(fd, headBuf, 0, headBudget + padding, 0);
+    let hEnd = Math.min(headBudget, hn);
+    while (hEnd > 0 && hEnd < hn && (headBuf[hEnd] & 0xC0) === 0x80) hEnd--;
+    const head = headBuf.slice(0, hEnd).toString('utf-8');
+    // Tail: last tailBudget bytes, advancing past a leading split codepoint.
+    const tailReadSize = tailBudget + padding;
+    const tailStart = Math.max(hEnd, fileSize - tailReadSize);
+    const tailBuf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(tailReadSize);
+    const tn = readSync(fd, tailBuf, 0, tailReadSize, tailStart);
+    let tOff = 0;
+    if (tailStart > 0) {
+      while (tOff < tn && tOff < padding && (tailBuf[tOff] & 0xC0) === 0x80) tOff++;
+    }
+    const tail = tailBuf.slice(tOff, tn).toString('utf-8');
+    const elided = Math.max(0, (tailStart + tOff) - hEnd);
+    return `${head}\n... [${elided} bytes elided of ${fileSize} total — head+tail shown; full output spilled to disk] ...\n${tail}`;
+  } finally {
+    try { closeSync(fd); } catch {}
+  }
+}
+
+// Owns the captured stdout/stderr buffers for a single command run. Starts
+// fully in memory; once the combined byte total exceeds the spill threshold
+// (SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP*4), opens append-only files in
+// $PLUGIN_DATA/shell-output/ and from then on writes go straight to disk.
+// On settle, the caller (execShellCommand) decides whether to keep the
+// spilled files based on the final size.
+class TaskOutput {
+  constructor(taskId) {
+    this.taskId = taskId;
+    this.stdoutBuf = '';
+    this.stderrBuf = '';
+    this._inlineBytes = 0;
+    this.stdoutFd = null;
+    this.stderrFd = null;
+    this.stdoutPath = null;
+    this.stderrPath = null;
+    this.spilled = false;
+    this.stdoutFileSize = 0;
+    this.stderrFileSize = 0;
+    this.writeError = null;
+    // fsync throttle: task wait/read + tail-read polling can call getStdout/
+    // getStderr many times per second. Every call used to fsyncSync(fd),
+    // a noticeable I/O tax on Windows. Skip if a recent fsync landed
+    // within MIXDOG_SHELL_FSYNC_THROTTLE_MS — the next read still picks up
+    // writes via the kernel's normal write-back. Final settle (closeFds)
+    // flushes via close anyway.
+    this._lastStdoutFsyncMs = 0;
+    this._lastStderrFsyncMs = 0;
+  }
+
+  _ensureFileBacking() {
+    if (this.spilled) return;
+    const dir = join(getPluginData(), 'shell-output');
+    try {
+      mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+    } catch {}
+    this.stdoutPath = join(dir, `${this.taskId}.stdout`);
+    this.stderrPath = join(dir, `${this.taskId}.stderr`);
+    // openSync failure (EMFILE, EACCES, ENOSPC, ENOTDIR after a race) used
+    // to throw straight up into the stream `data` handler, which left the
+    // child running with no further writes captured. Catch + record so the
+    // run settles cleanly under inline-only mode; the partial buffer in
+    // stdoutBuf/stderrBuf survives.
+    try {
+      this.stdoutFd = openSync(this.stdoutPath, 'a');
+      this.stderrFd = openSync(this.stderrPath, 'a');
+    } catch (err) {
+      this._recordWriteError('spill-open', err);
+      if (this.stdoutFd != null) {
+        try { closeSync(this.stdoutFd); } catch {}
+        this.stdoutFd = null;
+      }
+      this.stderrFd = null;
+      this.stdoutPath = null;
+      this.stderrPath = null;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.stdoutBuf) {
+      try {
+        writeSync(this.stdoutFd, this.stdoutBuf);
+        this.stdoutFileSize += Buffer.byteLength(this.stdoutBuf, 'utf-8');
+      } catch (err) {
+        this._recordWriteError('stdout-spill-flush', err);
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.stderrBuf) {
+      try {
+        writeSync(this.stderrFd, this.stderrBuf);
+        this.stderrFileSize += Buffer.byteLength(this.stderrBuf, 'utf-8');
+      } catch (err) {
+        this._recordWriteError('stderr-spill-flush', err);
+      }
+    }
+    this.spilled = true;
+    // The flushed bytes now live in the spill files and getStdout/getStderr
+    // read from disk once spilled — drop the inline copies.
+    this.stdoutBuf = '';
+    this.stderrBuf = '';
+  }
+
+  _maybeSpill() {
+    if (this.spilled) return;
+    // Threshold is in BYTES — string .length counts UTF-16 units, which
+    // understates CJK output by up to 3x against the byte-sized cap.
+    if (this._inlineBytes > SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP * 4) {
+      this._ensureFileBacking();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Force the in-memory buffers onto disk-backed files regardless of the
+  // SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP*4 threshold. Used by the auto-background
+  // transition: once a foreground command is adopted into a tracked job,
+  // every subsequent stdout/stderr chunk must land in the spill files so
+  // task wait/read can read it (the caller has already settled and will no
+  // longer drain the in-memory buffers). No-op once already spilled.
+  forceSpill() {
+    if (this.spilled) return;
+    this._ensureFileBacking();
+  }
+
+  _recordWriteError(stage, err) {
+    if (this.writeError) return;
+    const msg = (err && err.message) ? err.message : String(err);
+    this.writeError = `[output-capture-error: ${stage}] ${msg}`;
+  }
+
+  writeStdout(s) {
+    if (!s) return;
+    if (this.spilled) {
+      try {
+        writeSync(this.stdoutFd, s);
+        this.stdoutFileSize += Buffer.byteLength(s, 'utf-8');
+      } catch (err) {
+        this._recordWriteError('stdout-write', err);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this.stdoutBuf += s;
+    this._inlineBytes += Buffer.byteLength(s, 'utf-8');
+    this._maybeSpill();
+  }
+
+  writeStderr(s) {
+    if (!s) return;
+    if (this.spilled) {
+      try {
+        writeSync(this.stderrFd, s);
+        this.stderrFileSize += Buffer.byteLength(s, 'utf-8');
+      } catch (err) {
+        this._recordWriteError('stderr-write', err);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this.stderrBuf += s;
+    this._inlineBytes += Buffer.byteLength(s, 'utf-8');
+    this._maybeSpill();
+  }
+
+  totalDiskBytes() {
+    return this.stdoutFileSize + this.stderrFileSize;
+  }
+
+  async getStdout() {
+    if (this.spilled) {
+      const now = Date.now();
+      if (now - this._lastStdoutFsyncMs >= MIXDOG_SHELL_FSYNC_THROTTLE_MS) {
+        try { fsyncSync(this.stdoutFd); } catch {}
+        this._lastStdoutFsyncMs = now;
+      }
+      try {
+        return _readHeadTail(this.stdoutPath, this.stdoutFileSize);
+      } catch (err) {
+        throw new Error(`[shell-command] spilled stdout read failed (${this.stdoutPath}): ${err.message}`);
+      }
+    }
+    return this.stdoutBuf;
+  }
+
+  async getStderr() {
+    if (this.spilled) {
+      const now = Date.now();
+      if (now - this._lastStderrFsyncMs >= MIXDOG_SHELL_FSYNC_THROTTLE_MS) {
+        try { fsyncSync(this.stderrFd); } catch {}
+        this._lastStderrFsyncMs = now;
+      }
+      try {
+        return _readHeadTail(this.stderrPath, this.stderrFileSize);
+      } catch {
+        return '';
+      }
+    }
+    return this.stderrBuf;
+  }
+
+  closeFds() {
+    if (this.stdoutFd != null) {
+      try {
+        closeSync(this.stdoutFd);
+      } catch {}
+      this.stdoutFd = null;
+    }
+    if (this.stderrFd != null) {
+      try {
+        closeSync(this.stderrFd);
+      } catch {}
+      this.stderrFd = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Drop the spilled files when the inline body already covers the full
+  // output. Called when total spilled bytes <= SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP, so
+  // outputFilePath would only point at a duplicate of what the caller is
+  // already pasting into the result.
+  deleteFiles() {
+    this.closeFds();
+    if (this.stdoutPath) {
+      try {
+        unlinkSync(this.stdoutPath);
+      } catch {}
+      this.stdoutPath = null;
+    }
+    if (this.stderrPath) {
+      try {
+        unlinkSync(this.stderrPath);
+      } catch {}
+      this.stderrPath = null;
+    }
+    this.spilled = false;
+  }
+}
+
+export { TaskOutput };
+
+// Result envelope. Status markers ([exit code: N], [signal: SIGTERM]) are
+// the caller's responsibility — shell execution owns that
+// rendering convention.
+export class ExecResult {
+  constructor(opts) {
+    this.stdout = opts.stdout;
+    this.stderr = opts.stderr;
+    this.exitCode = opts.exitCode;
+    this.signal = opts.signal || null;
+    this.timedOut = opts.timedOut === true;
+    this.killed = opts.killed === true;
+    this.stdoutPath = opts.stdoutPath || null;
+    this.stdoutFileSize = opts.stdoutFileSize || 0;
+    this.stderrPath = opts.stderrPath || null;
+    this.stderrFileSize = opts.stderrFileSize || 0;
+    this.taskId = opts.taskId;
+    this.partialOutput = opts.partialOutput === true;
+    this.outputCaptureError = opts.outputCaptureError || null;
+    // Auto-background transition (CC startBackgrounding analogue). When a
+    // foreground command outlives autoBackgroundMs the call settles with
+    // backgrounded:true + the jobId for manual task control. The
+    // child stays owned by the CLI process; stdout/stderr keep flowing to
+    // the spill files now adopted by the shell-jobs registry.
+    this.backgrounded = opts.backgrounded === true;
+    this.jobId = opts.jobId || null;
+    this.backgroundMessage = opts.backgroundMessage || null;
+  }
+}
+
+// On Windows, nested `powershell -Command "<inline>"` invocations can be
+// mangled by an outer shell quoting layer before powershell.exe sees
+// automatic variables (`$_`, `$args`, `$($_.Line)`, etc.). Rewrite
+// `powershell -Command "<inline>"` / `pwsh -Command "<inline>"` to
+// `-EncodedCommand <utf16le-base64>` so the payload stays opaque to the
+// outer shell. Other shells / non-Windows are no-op pass-through.
+// Match -Command "<body>" where the body may contain escaped quotes
+// (`\"` or `""`). Stops at the first unescaped closing quote so nested
+// patterns like `"... \"inner\" ..."` survive intact. Common PowerShell
+// flags (NoProfile, NonInteractive, WindowStyle, ExecutionPolicy, Sta,
+// Mta, NoLogo, NoExit) are recognised so they don't break the match.
+// Single-quoted -Command '<body>' is also covered.
+const _POWERSHELL_FLAGS_RE = /\s+-(?:NoProfile|NonInteractive|WindowStyle\s+\S+|ExecutionPolicy\s+\S+|Sta|Mta|NoLogo|NoExit)/.source;
+const _POWERSHELL_DOUBLE_RE = new RegExp(
+  '\\b(powershell(?:\\.exe)?|pwsh(?:\\.exe)?)((?:' + _POWERSHELL_FLAGS_RE + ')*)\\s+(?:-Command|-c)\\s+"((?:[^"\\\\]|\\\\.|"")+?)"(?=\\s|$|;|&&|\\|\\|)',
+  'gi',
+);
+const _POWERSHELL_SINGLE_RE = new RegExp(
+  "\\b(powershell(?:\\.exe)?|pwsh(?:\\.exe)?)((?:" + _POWERSHELL_FLAGS_RE + ")*)\\s+(?:-Command|-c)\\s+'((?:[^'\\\\]|\\\\.|'')+?)'(?=\\s|$|;|&&|\\|\\|)",
+  'gi',
+);
+
+export function _maybeEncodePowerShellCommand(command) {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') return command;
+  if (typeof command !== 'string' || command.length === 0) return command;
+  const replaceFn = (match, exe, flags, body) => {
+    try {
+      // Unescape doubled-up quotes the caller used to embed " / ' inside
+      // the -Command literal. We're handing the body to powershell as
+      // base64 so the outer-shell escaping is no longer needed.
+      // Unescape both PowerShell-style doubled quotes (`""` / `''`) AND
+      // bash-style backslash-escaped quotes (`\"` / `\'`) since POSIX
+      // outer-shell wrappers commonly use backslash form. Without
+      // backslash unescape, `pwsh -Command "Get-Process \"foo\""` would
+      // base64-encode the literal backslash, breaking inside PowerShell.
+      const unescaped = body
+        .replace(/""/g, '"')
+        .replace(/''/g, "'")
+        .replace(/\\"/g, '"')
+        .replace(/\\'/g, "'");
+      const encoded = Buffer.from(unescaped, 'utf16le').toString('base64');
+      const trimmedFlags = (flags || '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+      return `${exe}${trimmedFlags ? ' ' + trimmedFlags : ''} -EncodedCommand ${encoded}`;
+    } catch {
+      return match;
+    }
+  };
+  return command.replace(_POWERSHELL_DOUBLE_RE, replaceFn).replace(_POWERSHELL_SINGLE_RE, replaceFn);
+}
+
+function _unescapePowerShellCommandBody(body) {
+  return String(body || '')
+    .replace(/""/g, '"')
+    .replace(/''/g, "'")
+    .replace(/\\"/g, '"')
+    .replace(/\\'/g, "'");
+}
+
+// Extract inline `powershell -Command "…"` bodies for policy scan parity
+// with hard-block normalization (encoded payloads use decodePowerShellEncodedCommand).
+export function extractPowerShellCommandInner(command) {
+  if (typeof command !== 'string' || command.length === 0) return [];
+  const out = [];
+  const push = (body) => {
+    const unescaped = _unescapePowerShellCommandBody(body);
+    if (unescaped.trim()) out.push(unescaped);
+  };
+  for (const m of command.matchAll(_POWERSHELL_DOUBLE_RE)) push(m[3]);
+  for (const m of command.matchAll(_POWERSHELL_SINGLE_RE)) push(m[3]);
+  return out;
+}
+
+// One-shot async shell runner. abortSignal optional (session-scoped abort
+// from getAbortSignalForSession in builtin.mjs). Timeout implemented via
+// treeKill so forked grandchildren also come down. Output streams capture
+// to TaskOutput which transparently spills to disk past the inline cap.
+async function _execPolicyBlockMessage(command) {
+  const { checkExecPolicyMessage } = await import('./bash-policy-scan.mjs');
+  return checkExecPolicyMessage(command);
+}
+
+export function execShellCommand({
+  shell,
+  shellArg,
+  shellArgs,
+  command,
+  env,
+  cwd,
+  timeoutMs,
+  abortSignal,
+  autoBackgroundMs,
+  onProgress,
+  clientHostPid,
+}) {
+  return new Promise(async (resolve) => {
+    const taskId = `shell_${randomUUID().slice(0, 8)}`;
+    const taskOutput = new TaskOutput(taskId);
+    let timedOut = false;
+    let killed = false;
+    let settled = false;
+    let timer = null;
+    let abortHandler = null;
+    let partialOutput = false;
+    // MCP live-progress: throttled "running Ns, M lines" emits while the
+    // foreground command runs. Inert (never armed) when onProgress is null.
+    const _hasProgress = typeof onProgress === 'function';
+    const _startMs = Date.now();
+    let progressTimer = null;
+    const _clearProgressTimer = () => {
+      if (progressTimer) { clearInterval(progressTimer); progressTimer = null; }
+    };
+    // Auto-background transition flag. Set the moment the autoBackgroundMs
+    // timer fires and adopts the still-running child. Once
+    // true the normal settle()/close/exit/treeKill paths are inert for this
+    // run — the call has already resolved with a 'backgrounded' result and
+    // the child's lifecycle is owned by the shell-jobs registry. Mutually
+    // exclusive with `settled`: whichever transition wins first wins for good.
+    let autoBackgrounded = false;
+    let autoBgTimer = null;
+    // Treekill + force-settle deadline. treeKill alone leaves settle()
+    // pending on 'close'/'exit'; on Windows a taskkill miss or a grandchild
+    // holding stdio fds keeps the dispatch stalled until the upstream
+    // ceiling. Covers every kill path (timeout / pre-aborted / abort /
+    // capture-error / size-watchdog) so the hang risk does not live on
+    // outside the timeout branch. Function declaration so callers placed
+    // above settle()'s const definition still resolve via hoisting; the
+    // 5 s deadline always fires after settle is constructed.
+    function _treeKillForceSettle() {
+      treeKill(child);
+      const _killDeadline = setTimeout(() => {
+        if (settled) return;
+        partialOutput = true;
+        settle(1, 'SIGKILL');
+      }, 5000);
+      if (_killDeadline.unref) _killDeadline.unref();
+    }
+    // Background commands (trailing `&`) intentionally detach stdio
+    // from the parent shell, so 'close' may never fire while the
+    // backgrounded grandchild is still alive. For those we settle
+    // immediately on direct-child exit instead of waiting for close.
+    const _trimmed = String(command || '').replace(/\s+$/, '');
+    const _isBackground = /(^|[^&|])&$/.test(_trimmed);
+
+    let child;
+    try {
+      const _policyErr = await _execPolicyBlockMessage(command);
+      if (_policyErr) {
+        resolve(
+          new ExecResult({
+            stdout: '',
+            stderr: _policyErr,
+            exitCode: 1,
+            signal: null,
+            timedOut: false,
+            killed: false,
+            taskId,
+          }),
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      const _spawnCommand = _maybeEncodePowerShellCommand(command);
+      const argv = Array.isArray(shellArgs) && shellArgs.length > 0
+        ? [...shellArgs, _spawnCommand]
+        : [shellArg, _spawnCommand];
+      child = spawn(shell, argv, {
+        env,
+        cwd,
+        windowsHide: true,
+        stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+        // POSIX: detached gives the child its own process group so treeKill can
+        // signal the whole group. The child is still CLI-owned because we do
+        // not unref it after adoption. Windows detached has different console
+        // semantics, so it stays off there.
+        detached: process.platform !== 'win32',
+      });
+      startChildGuardian({
+        childPid: child.pid,
+        childGroupPid: child.pid,
+        label: 'shell-command',
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      resolve(
+        new ExecResult({
+          stdout: '',
+          stderr: String((err && err.message) || err),
+          exitCode: 1,
+          signal: null,
+          timedOut: false,
+          killed: false,
+          taskId,
+        }),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Pre-aborted signal: kill immediately if the abort already fired
+    // before spawn returned (synchronous reentry from a parent abort), so
+    // the child doesn't run for the full timeoutMs window.
+    if (abortSignal && abortSignal.aborted) {
+      killed = true;
+      _treeKillForceSettle();
+    }
+
+    child.stdout.setEncoding('utf-8');
+    child.stderr.setEncoding('utf-8');
+    child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      taskOutput.writeStdout(chunk);
+    });
+    child.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => taskOutput.writeStderr(chunk));
+
+    // If the spill writer hits an I/O failure (full disk, EBADF after
+    // an unlink race) bring the child down so the agent isn't deceived
+    // by a successful exit code on a truncated capture.
+    const _abortOnCaptureError = () => {
+      if (taskOutput.writeError && !killed && !settled && !autoBackgrounded) {
+        killed = true;
+        _treeKillForceSettle();
+      }
+    };
+
+    let sizeWatchdog = null;
+    const settle = async (exitCode, signal) => {
+      if (settled || autoBackgrounded) return;
+      settled = true;
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+        timer = null;
+      }
+      _clearProgressTimer();
+      if (sizeWatchdog) {
+        clearInterval(sizeWatchdog);
+        sizeWatchdog = null;
+      }
+      if (autoBgTimer) {
+        clearTimeout(autoBgTimer);
+        autoBgTimer = null;
+      }
+      if (abortSignal && abortHandler) {
+        try {
+          abortSignal.removeEventListener('abort', abortHandler);
+        } catch {}
+      }
+      // getStdout/getStderr can throw on a spilled-file read failure (EBADF
+      // after unlink race, EACCES). Without this catch the rejection bubbles
+      // up and leaves the outer settle promise unresolved, hanging the call.
+      // Capture as writeError so the caller sees outputCaptureError and the
+      // partial inline buffer (if any) is still surfaced via partialOutput.
+      let stdout = '';
+      let stderr = '';
+      try { stdout = await taskOutput.getStdout(); }
+      catch (err) { taskOutput.writeError = taskOutput.writeError || err; }
+      try { stderr = await taskOutput.getStderr(); }
+      catch (err) { taskOutput.writeError = taskOutput.writeError || err; }
+      // Inline-only path: nothing spilled. Nothing to clean up.
+      // Spilled but tiny: drop the files — outputFilePath would duplicate
+      // the inline body. Spilled and large: keep the files, caller renders
+      // the path marker.
+      if (
+        taskOutput.spilled &&
+        stdout.length + stderr.length <= SHELL_OUTPUT_INLINE_CAP
+      ) {
+        taskOutput.deleteFiles();
+      } else {
+        taskOutput.closeFds();
+      }
+      resolve(
+        new ExecResult({
+          stdout,
+          stderr,
+          exitCode,
+          signal,
+          timedOut,
+          killed,
+          stdoutPath: taskOutput.spilled ? taskOutput.stdoutPath : null,
+          stdoutFileSize: taskOutput.stdoutFileSize,
+          stderrPath: taskOutput.spilled ? taskOutput.stderrPath : null,
+          stderrFileSize: taskOutput.stderrFileSize,
+          taskId,
+          partialOutput,
+          outputCaptureError: taskOutput.writeError,
+        }),
+      );
+    };
+
+    // P1 fix: settle on 'close', not 'exit'. 'exit' fires when the child
+    // terminates but stdout/stderr streams may still be flushing buffered
+    // bytes; settling there can lose the tail of the output. 'close' fires
+    // after stdio is fully drained, so getStdout()/getStderr() see the
+    // complete capture.
+    child.once('close', (code, signal) => settle(code, signal));
+    child.once('error', () => settle(1, null));
+    // 'close' only fires after stdio drains; a forked grandchild that
+    // inherited stdout/stderr fds can hold them open past direct-child
+    // exit and stall settle() until timeoutMs. 'exit' fires on direct
+    // child termination regardless — give 'close' a 2 s grace then
+    // settle anyway.
+    child.once('exit', (code, signal) => {
+      if (_isBackground) {
+        setImmediate(() => settle(code == null ? 1 : code, signal));
+        return;
+      }
+      const grace = setTimeout(() => {
+        if (settled || autoBackgrounded) return;
+        partialOutput = true;
+        settle(code == null ? 1 : code, signal);
+      }, 2000);
+      if (grace.unref) grace.unref();
+    });
+
+    // Auto-background transition (CC ASSISTANT_BLOCKING_BUDGET_MS +
+    // startBackgrounding analogue). Fires once, autoBackgroundMs after spawn,
+    // IFF the child is still running and the run has not already settled /
+    // been killed / timed out. It adopts the child into the shell-jobs
+    // registry while keeping it owned by this CLI process, then resolves the
+    // call immediately with a 'backgrounded' result so the tool stops hanging.
+    // The 600 s timeoutMs upper bound is carried into the adopted job detail
+    // so refreshShellJob still enforces it. Mutually exclusive with settle()
+    // via the autoBackgrounded flag set synchronously at the top before any await.
+    const _autoBackground = async () => {
+      // Win the race: bail if a terminal transition already happened, and
+      // claim the transition synchronously so a concurrently-queued settle()
+      // (which checks autoBackgrounded) becomes inert.
+      if (settled || autoBackgrounded || killed || timedOut) return;
+      if (child.exitCode != null || child.signalCode != null) return;
+      autoBackgrounded = true;
+      // The foreground capture is over; stop the local watchdogs/timers so
+      // they cannot treeKill the now-adopted child. The 600 s bound lives
+      // on in the adopted job detail (timeoutMs) for refreshShellJob.
+      if (timer) { clearTimeout(timer); timer = null; }
+      _clearProgressTimer();
+      if (sizeWatchdog) { clearInterval(sizeWatchdog); sizeWatchdog = null; }
+      if (autoBgTimer) { clearTimeout(autoBgTimer); autoBgTimer = null; }
+      if (abortSignal && abortHandler) {
+        try { abortSignal.removeEventListener('abort', abortHandler); } catch {}
+        abortHandler = null;
+      }
+      // Every subsequent stdout/stderr chunk must hit disk — the call is
+      // about to resolve and nobody will drain the in-memory buffers again.
+      try { taskOutput.forceSpill(); } catch {}
+      const stdoutPath = taskOutput.spilled ? taskOutput.stdoutPath : null;
+      const stderrPath = taskOutput.spilled ? taskOutput.stderrPath : null;
+      let job = null;
+      try {
+        job = adoptForegroundShellJob({
+          command,
+          cwd,
+          pid: child.pid,
+          timeoutMs,
+          mergeStderr: false,
+          stdoutPath,
+          stderrPath,
+          // Stamp the adopted job with the dispatching terminal's claude.exe
+          // pid so the statusline scopes it to the owning session.
+          clientHostPid,
+        });
+      } catch {
+        job = null;
+      }
+      // Wire the lifecycle: on close, write the exit-code file FIRST then
+      // touch donePath STRICTLY AFTER — the exact ordering refreshShellJob()
+      // gates completion on (donePath visible ⇒ exit file fully flushed).
+      if (job && job.exitPath && job.donePath) {
+        child.once('close', (code, signal) => {
+          const rc = code == null ? (signal ? 1 : 0) : code;
+          try { writeFileSync(job.exitPath, String(rc)); } catch {}
+          try { writeFileSync(job.donePath, ''); } catch {}
+        });
+      }
+      // Snapshot the partial output captured so far for the immediate result.
+      let stdout = '';
+      let stderr = '';
+      try { stdout = await taskOutput.getStdout(); }
+      catch (err) { taskOutput.writeError = taskOutput.writeError || err; }
+      try { stderr = await taskOutput.getStderr(); }
+      catch (err) { taskOutput.writeError = taskOutput.writeError || err; }
+      const jobId = job ? job.jobId : null;
+      const secs = Math.round(autoBackgroundMs / 1000);
+      resolve(
+        new ExecResult({
+          stdout,
+          stderr,
+          exitCode: null,
+          signal: null,
+          timedOut: false,
+          killed: false,
+          stdoutPath,
+          stdoutFileSize: taskOutput.stdoutFileSize,
+          stderrPath: taskOutput.spilled ? taskOutput.stderrPath : null,
+          stderrFileSize: taskOutput.stderrFileSize,
+          taskId,
+          partialOutput: true,
+          outputCaptureError: taskOutput.writeError,
+          backgrounded: true,
+          jobId,
+          backgroundMessage: jobId
+            ? `auto-backgrounded after ${secs}s; still running — completion will be delivered as a background task notification. Use task with task_id:${jobId} only for manual wait/status/read/cancel.`
+            : `auto-backgrounded after ${secs}s; still running`,
+        }),
+      );
+    };
+
+    if (timeoutMs > 0) {
+      timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        timedOut = true;
+        _treeKillForceSettle();
+      }, timeoutMs);
+      if (timer.unref) timer.unref();
+    }
+
+    // Live-progress heartbeat: every 2 s while the foreground command runs,
+    // emit "running Ns" so the MCP client renders live progress
+    // instead of an opaque hang. Only armed for a genuine foreground run with
+    // a subscribed client; trailing-`&` background commands settle on exit and
+    // never need it. Cleared on settle / auto-background (see above).
+    if (_hasProgress && !_isBackground) {
+      progressTimer = setInterval(() => {
+        if (settled || autoBackgrounded) return;
+        const secs = Math.round((Date.now() - _startMs) / 1000);
+        try { onProgress(`running ${secs}s`); } catch {}
+      }, 2000);
+      if (progressTimer.unref) progressTimer.unref();
+    }
+
+    // Arm the auto-background timer only for the genuine foreground one-shot
+    // path: a positive threshold strictly below the hard timeout, and not a
+    // trailing-`&` background command (those already detach + settle on exit).
+    if (
+      typeof autoBackgroundMs === 'number' &&
+      autoBackgroundMs > 0 &&
+      !_isBackground &&
+      (timeoutMs <= 0 || autoBackgroundMs < timeoutMs)
+    ) {
+      autoBgTimer = setTimeout(() => { _autoBackground(); }, autoBackgroundMs);
+      if (autoBgTimer.unref) autoBgTimer.unref();
+    }
+
+    // Size watchdog — a stuck command pumping GBs of stdout into the spill
+    // file would fill the user's disk before the timeout fires. Poll the
+    // running disk total every 5 s and SIGKILL once we cross the cap. The
+    // settle() path clears this interval directly (see top of this Promise
+    // body) so no extra exit / error listeners are needed here.
+    sizeWatchdog = setInterval(() => {
+      if (settled || autoBackgrounded) return;
+      _abortOnCaptureError();
+      if (taskOutput.totalDiskBytes() > SHELL_OUTPUT_DISK_CAP) {
+        killed = true;
+        _treeKillForceSettle();
+      }
+    }, SIZE_WATCHDOG_INTERVAL_MS);
+    if (sizeWatchdog.unref) sizeWatchdog.unref();
+
+    if (abortSignal) {
+      abortHandler = () => {
+        killed = true;
+        _treeKillForceSettle();
+      };
+      try {
+        abortSignal.addEventListener('abort', abortHandler, { once: true });
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  });
+}