minecraft-renderer 0.1.71 → 0.1.73

package/src/three/globalLegacyBuffer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+//@ts-nocheck
+import * as THREE from 'three'
+import { computeCameraRelativeUniforms, type RenderOrigin } from './shaders/legacyBlockShader'
+
+const VERTS_PER_QUAD = 4
+const INDICES_PER_QUAD = 6
+const FLOATS_PER_VERT = 3
+const FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT = 2
+const FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT = 1
+
+const DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY_QUADS = 128_000
+const DEFAULT_GROWTH_INCREMENT_QUADS = 128_000
+const MAX_UPLOAD_QUADS_PER_FRAME = 5_000
+
+export const FULL_DRAW_VISIBLE_FRACTION = 0.75
+export const SPAN_GAP_TOLERANCE_QUADS = 256
+export const MAX_OPAQUE_SPANS = 64
+
+export type GlobalLegacyBufferOptions = {
+  name?: string
+  initialCapacityQuads?: number
+  growthIncrementQuads?: number
+}
+
+export type VisibleSectionSpan = { key: string, distSq: number }
+
+export type LegacySectionGeometry = {
+  positions: Float32Array
+  colors: Float32Array
+  skyLights: Float32Array
+  blockLights: Float32Array
+  uvs: Float32Array
+  indices: Uint32Array | Uint16Array
+}
+
+export type LegacySectionGeometryData = LegacySectionGeometry & {
+  sx: number
+  sy: number
+  sz: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * Single GPU mesh for legacy quads (opaque+cutout or transparent blend).
+ * Camera-relative via per-vertex a_origin (relative to render origin) + u_originDelta uniforms.
+ */
+export class GlobalLegacyBuffer {
+  readonly mesh: THREE.Mesh<THREE.BufferGeometry, THREE.ShaderMaterial | THREE.ShaderMaterial[]>
+  readonly material: THREE.ShaderMaterial
+
+  private readonly growthIncrementQuads: number
+  private capacityQuads: number
+  private positions: Float32Array
+  private colors: Float32Array
+  private skyLights: Float32Array
+  private blockLights: Float32Array
+  private uvs: Float32Array
+  private aOrigin: Float32Array
+  private indices: Uint32Array
+  private readonly sectionSlots = new Map<string, { start: number, count: number }>()
+  private freeList: Array<{ start: number, count: number }> = []
+  private highWatermark = 0
+  private pendingRanges: Array<{ start: number, end: number }> = []
+  private readonly _spanScratch: Array<{ start: number, count: number }> = []
+  private renderOrigin: RenderOrigin = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 }
+
+  constructor (
+    material: THREE.ShaderMaterial,
+    scene: THREE.Object3D,
+    opts?: GlobalLegacyBufferOptions,
+  ) {
+    this.material = material
+    this.growthIncrementQuads = opts?.growthIncrementQuads ?? DEFAULT_GROWTH_INCREMENT_QUADS
+    this.capacityQuads = opts?.initialCapacityQuads ?? DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY_QUADS
+    const maxVerts = this.capacityQuads * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    this.positions = new Float32Array(maxVerts * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    this.colors = new Float32Array(maxVerts * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    this.skyLights = new Float32Array(maxVerts * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    this.blockLights = new Float32Array(maxVerts * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    this.uvs = new Float32Array(maxVerts * FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT)
+    this.aOrigin = new Float32Array(maxVerts * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    this.indices = new Uint32Array(this.capacityQuads * INDICES_PER_QUAD)
+
+    const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry()
+    const mkAttr = (arr: Float32Array, itemSize: number, name: string) => {
+      const attr = new THREE.BufferAttribute(arr, itemSize)
+      attr.setUsage(THREE.DynamicDrawUsage)
+      geometry.setAttribute(name, attr)
+      return attr
+    }
+    mkAttr(this.positions, FLOATS_PER_VERT, 'position')
+    mkAttr(this.colors, FLOATS_PER_VERT, 'color')
+    mkAttr(this.skyLights, FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT, 'a_skyLight')
+    mkAttr(this.blockLights, FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT, 'a_blockLight')
+    mkAttr(this.uvs, FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT, 'uv')
+    mkAttr(this.aOrigin, FLOATS_PER_VERT, 'a_origin')
+
+    const indexAttr = new THREE.BufferAttribute(this.indices, 1)
+    indexAttr.setUsage(THREE.DynamicDrawUsage)
+    geometry.setIndex(indexAttr)
+
+    geometry.setDrawRange(0, 0)
+    geometry.boundingSphere = new THREE.Sphere(new THREE.Vector3(), Infinity)
+
+    this.mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, [material])
+    this.mesh.name = opts?.name ?? 'globalLegacyOpaque'
+    this.mesh.frustumCulled = false
+    this.mesh.matrixAutoUpdate = false
+    this.mesh.matrix.identity()
+    this.mesh.position.set(0, 0, 0)
+    scene.add(this.mesh)
+    this.syncDefaultDrawGroups()
+  }
+
+  private syncDefaultDrawGroups (): void {
+    const geometry = this.mesh.geometry
+    geometry.clearGroups()
+    const indexCount = this.highWatermark * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+    if (indexCount > 0) {
+      geometry.addGroup(0, indexCount, 0)
+    }
+    geometry.setDrawRange(0, indexCount)
+  }
+
+  addSection (
+    sectionKey: string,
+    geo: LegacySectionGeometry,
+    sx: number,
+    sy: number,
+    sz: number,
+  ): boolean {
+    const vertCount = geo.positions.length / FLOATS_PER_VERT
+    const quadCount = vertCount / VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    if (vertCount === 0 || quadCount * VERTS_PER_QUAD !== vertCount) {
+      this.removeSection(sectionKey)
+      return false
+    }
+    if (geo.indices.length % INDICES_PER_QUAD !== 0 || geo.indices.length / INDICES_PER_QUAD !== quadCount) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    if (this.sectionSlots.has(sectionKey)) {
+      this.removeSection(sectionKey)
+    }
+
+    if (quadCount > this.capacityQuads) {
+      this.growCapacity(quadCount)
+    }
+
+    let slot = this.takeFreeSlot(quadCount)
+    if (!slot) {
+      if (this.highWatermark + quadCount > this.capacityQuads) {
+        this.growCapacity(this.highWatermark + quadCount)
+      }
+      slot = { start: this.highWatermark, count: quadCount }
+      this.highWatermark += quadCount
+    }
+
+    const dstVertBase = slot.start * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    const dstFloatBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_VERT
+    const dstUvBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT
+    const dstLightBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT
+    this.positions.set(geo.positions, dstFloatBase)
+    this.colors.set(geo.colors, dstFloatBase)
+    this.skyLights.set(geo.skyLights, dstLightBase)
+    this.blockLights.set(geo.blockLights, dstLightBase)
+    this.uvs.set(geo.uvs, dstUvBase)
+
+    const originOff = dstFloatBase
+    const rx = this.renderOrigin.x
+    const ry = this.renderOrigin.y
+    const rz = this.renderOrigin.z
+    for (let v = 0; v < vertCount; v++) {
+      const o = originOff + v * FLOATS_PER_VERT
+      this.aOrigin[o] = sx - rx
+      this.aOrigin[o + 1] = sy - ry
+      this.aOrigin[o + 2] = sz - rz
+    }
+
+    const dstIndexBase = slot.start * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+    const vertexBase = dstVertBase
+    for (let i = 0; i < geo.indices.length; i++) {
+      this.indices[dstIndexBase + i] = geo.indices[i]! + vertexBase
+    }
+
+    this.sectionSlots.set(sectionKey, slot)
+    this.markDirty(slot.start, slot.start + quadCount - 1)
+    this.syncDefaultDrawGroups()
+    return true
+  }
+
+  updateDrawSpans (visible: VisibleSectionSpan[], mode: 'opaque' | 'sortedBlend'): void {
+    const geometry = this.mesh.geometry
+    geometry.clearGroups()
+
+    if (this.highWatermark === 0) {
+      geometry.setDrawRange(0, 0)
+      return
+    }
+
+    const spans = this._spanScratch
+    spans.length = 0
+    let visibleQuadCount = 0
+
+    for (const entry of visible) {
+      const slot = this.sectionSlots.get(entry.key)
+      if (!slot) continue
+      spans.push({ start: slot.start, count: slot.count })
+      visibleQuadCount += slot.count
+    }
+
+    if (spans.length === 0) {
+      geometry.setDrawRange(0, 0)
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (mode === 'opaque') {
+      if (visibleQuadCount >= this.highWatermark * FULL_DRAW_VISIBLE_FRACTION) {
+        geometry.addGroup(0, this.highWatermark * INDICES_PER_QUAD, 0)
+        geometry.setDrawRange(0, this.highWatermark * INDICES_PER_QUAD)
+        return
+      }
+
+      spans.sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start)
+      this.mergeOpaqueSpans(spans)
+      this.capOpaqueSpans(spans)
+
+      for (const span of spans) {
+        geometry.addGroup(span.start * INDICES_PER_QUAD, span.count * INDICES_PER_QUAD, 0)
+      }
+    } else {
+      visible.sort((a, b) => b.distSq - a.distSq)
+      for (const entry of visible) {
+        const slot = this.sectionSlots.get(entry.key)
+        if (!slot) continue
+        geometry.addGroup(slot.start * INDICES_PER_QUAD, slot.count * INDICES_PER_QUAD, 0)
+      }
+    }
+
+    geometry.setDrawRange(0, this.highWatermark * INDICES_PER_QUAD)
+  }
+
+  private mergeOpaqueSpans (spans: Array<{ start: number, count: number }>): void {
+    if (spans.length < 2) return
+    let i = 0
+    while (i < spans.length - 1) {
+      const cur = spans[i]!
+      const next = spans[i + 1]!
+      const gap = next.start - (cur.start + cur.count)
+      if (gap <= SPAN_GAP_TOLERANCE_QUADS) {
+        cur.count = next.start + next.count - cur.start
+        spans.splice(i + 1, 1)
+      } else {
+        i++
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private capOpaqueSpans (spans: Array<{ start: number, count: number }>): void {
+    while (spans.length > MAX_OPAQUE_SPANS) {
+      let bestIdx = 0
+      let bestGap = Infinity
+      for (let i = 0; i < spans.length - 1; i++) {
+        const gap = spans[i + 1]!.start - (spans[i]!.start + spans[i]!.count)
+        if (gap < bestGap) {
+          bestGap = gap
+          bestIdx = i
+        }
+      }
+      const cur = spans[bestIdx]!
+      const next = spans[bestIdx + 1]!
+      cur.count = next.start + next.count - cur.start
+      spans.splice(bestIdx + 1, 1)
+    }
+  }
+
+  hasSection (sectionKey: string): boolean {
+    return this.sectionSlots.has(sectionKey)
+  }
+
+  getSectionSlot (sectionKey: string): { start: number, count: number } | undefined {
+    return this.sectionSlots.get(sectionKey)
+  }
+
+  takeSectionData (sectionKey: string): LegacySectionGeometryData | undefined {
+    const data = this.getSectionGeometryData(sectionKey)
+    if (!data) return undefined
+    this.removeSection(sectionKey)
+    return data
+  }
+
+  getSectionGeometryData (sectionKey: string): LegacySectionGeometryData | undefined {
+    const slot = this.sectionSlots.get(sectionKey)
+    if (!slot) return undefined
+
+    const vertCount = slot.count * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    const dstVertBase = slot.start * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    const dstFloatBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_VERT
+    const dstUvBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT
+    const dstIndexBase = slot.start * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+    const indexLen = slot.count * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+
+    const dstLightBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT
+
+    const positions = this.positions.slice(dstFloatBase, dstFloatBase + vertCount * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    const colors = this.colors.slice(dstFloatBase, dstFloatBase + vertCount * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    const skyLights = this.skyLights.slice(dstLightBase, dstLightBase + vertCount * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    const blockLights = this.blockLights.slice(dstLightBase, dstLightBase + vertCount * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    const uvs = this.uvs.slice(dstUvBase, dstUvBase + vertCount * FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT)
+    const indices = this.indices.slice(dstIndexBase, dstIndexBase + indexLen)
+    const vertexBase = dstVertBase
+    for (let i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) {
+      indices[i] = indices[i]! - vertexBase
+    }
+
+    const sx = this.aOrigin[dstFloatBase]! + this.renderOrigin.x
+    const sy = this.aOrigin[dstFloatBase + 1]! + this.renderOrigin.y
+    const sz = this.aOrigin[dstFloatBase + 2]! + this.renderOrigin.z
+
+    return { positions, colors, skyLights, blockLights, uvs, indices, sx, sy, sz }
+  }
+
+  removeSection (sectionKey: string): void {
+    const slot = this.sectionSlots.get(sectionKey)
+    if (!slot) return
+
+    const dstIndexBase = slot.start * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+    const indexLen = slot.count * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+    for (let i = 0; i < indexLen; i++) {
+      this.indices[dstIndexBase + i] = 0
+    }
+
+    this.markDirty(slot.start, slot.start + slot.count - 1)
+    this.sectionSlots.delete(sectionKey)
+    this.insertFreeSlot(slot)
+    this.shrinkHighWatermark()
+    this.syncDefaultDrawGroups()
+  }
+
+  hasPendingUploads (): boolean {
+    return this.pendingRanges.length > 0
+  }
+
+  uploadDirtyRange (): void {
+    const r = this.pendingRanges[0]
+    if (!r) return
+
+    const quadOffset = r.start
+    const quadCount = Math.min(r.end - r.start + 1, MAX_UPLOAD_QUADS_PER_FRAME)
+    const vertOffset = quadOffset * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    const vertCount = quadCount * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    const indexOffset = quadOffset * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+    const indexCount = quadCount * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+
+    const geometry = this.mesh.geometry
+    const posAttr = geometry.getAttribute('position') as THREE.BufferAttribute
+    posAttr.clearUpdateRanges()
+    posAttr.addUpdateRange(vertOffset * FLOATS_PER_VERT, vertCount * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    posAttr.needsUpdate = true
+
+    const colorAttr = geometry.getAttribute('color') as THREE.BufferAttribute
+    colorAttr.clearUpdateRanges()
+    colorAttr.addUpdateRange(vertOffset * FLOATS_PER_VERT, vertCount * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    colorAttr.needsUpdate = true
+
+    const skyAttr = geometry.getAttribute('a_skyLight') as THREE.BufferAttribute
+    skyAttr.clearUpdateRanges()
+    skyAttr.addUpdateRange(vertOffset * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT, vertCount * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    skyAttr.needsUpdate = true
+
+    const blockAttr = geometry.getAttribute('a_blockLight') as THREE.BufferAttribute
+    blockAttr.clearUpdateRanges()
+    blockAttr.addUpdateRange(vertOffset * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT, vertCount * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    blockAttr.needsUpdate = true
+
+    const uvAttr = geometry.getAttribute('uv') as THREE.BufferAttribute
+    uvAttr.clearUpdateRanges()
+    uvAttr.addUpdateRange(vertOffset * FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT, vertCount * FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT)
+    uvAttr.needsUpdate = true
+
+    const originAttr = geometry.getAttribute('a_origin') as THREE.BufferAttribute
+    originAttr.clearUpdateRanges()
+    originAttr.addUpdateRange(vertOffset * FLOATS_PER_VERT, vertCount * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    originAttr.needsUpdate = true
+
+    const indexAttr = geometry.index as THREE.BufferAttribute
+    indexAttr.clearUpdateRanges()
+    indexAttr.addUpdateRange(indexOffset, indexCount)
+    indexAttr.needsUpdate = true
+
+    if (quadOffset + quadCount > r.end) this.pendingRanges.shift()
+    else r.start = quadOffset + quadCount
+  }
+
+  setRenderOrigin (renderOrigin: RenderOrigin): void {
+    this.renderOrigin = { ...renderOrigin }
+  }
+
+  rebase (delta: RenderOrigin): void {
+    if (this.highWatermark === 0) return
+    for (const slot of this.sectionSlots.values()) {
+      const dstVertBase = slot.start * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+      const vertCount = slot.count * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+      const dstFloatBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_VERT
+      for (let v = 0; v < vertCount; v++) {
+        const o = dstFloatBase + v * FLOATS_PER_VERT
+        this.aOrigin[o]! -= delta.x
+        this.aOrigin[o + 1]! -= delta.y
+        this.aOrigin[o + 2]! -= delta.z
+      }
+    }
+    this.markDirty(0, this.highWatermark - 1)
+    this.renderOrigin.x += delta.x
+    this.renderOrigin.y += delta.y
+    this.renderOrigin.z += delta.z
+  }
+
+  setCameraOrigin (x: number, y: number, z: number): void {
+    const { originDelta, cameraOriginFrac } = computeCameraRelativeUniforms(this.renderOrigin, x, y, z)
+    const u = this.material.uniforms.u_originDelta
+    if (u?.value?.set) u.value.set(originDelta.x, originDelta.y, originDelta.z)
+    const uf = this.material.uniforms.u_cameraOriginFrac
+    if (uf?.value?.set) uf.value.set(cameraOriginFrac.x, cameraOriginFrac.y, cameraOriginFrac.z)
+  }
+
+  raycastSections (
+    raycaster: THREE.Raycaster,
+    sectionKeys: Iterable<string>,
+    out: THREE.Intersection[],
+  ): THREE.Intersection[] {
+    const ray = raycaster.ray
+    const closest = raycaster.near
+    const far = raycaster.far
+    _raycastOrigin.copy(ray.origin).sub(_raycastRenderOrigin.set(
+      this.renderOrigin.x,
+      this.renderOrigin.y,
+      this.renderOrigin.z,
+    ))
+    _raycastRay.origin.copy(_raycastOrigin)
+    _raycastRay.direction.copy(ray.direction)
+
+    for (const key of sectionKeys) {
+      const slot = this.sectionSlots.get(key)
+      if (!slot) continue
+
+      const dstVertBase = slot.start * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+      const dstFloatBase = dstVertBase * FLOATS_PER_VERT
+      const dstIndexBase = slot.start * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+      const indexLen = slot.count * INDICES_PER_QUAD
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < indexLen; i += 3) {
+        const i0 = this.indices[dstIndexBase + i]!
+        const i1 = this.indices[dstIndexBase + i + 1]!
+        const i2 = this.indices[dstIndexBase + i + 2]!
+        if (i0 === i1 && i1 === i2) continue
+
+        const hit = intersectTriangle(
+          _raycastRay,
+          this.positions, this.aOrigin, dstFloatBase,
+          i0, i1, i2,
+          closest, far,
+        )
+        if (hit !== null) {
+          out.push({
+            distance: hit,
+            point: ray.at(hit, new THREE.Vector3()),
+            object: this.mesh,
+            face: null,
+            faceIndex: Math.floor(i / 3),
+          })
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    out.sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance)
+    return out
+  }
+
+  getMemoryBytes (): number {
+    const verts = this.capacityQuads * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    return verts * (FLOATS_PER_VERT * 3 + FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT * 2 + FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT) * 4
+      + this.capacityQuads * INDICES_PER_QUAD * 4
+  }
+
+  reset (): void {
+    this.sectionSlots.clear()
+    this.freeList.length = 0
+    this.highWatermark = 0
+    this.pendingRanges.length = 0
+    this.syncDefaultDrawGroups()
+  }
+
+  dispose (): void {
+    this.mesh.parent?.remove(this.mesh)
+    this.mesh.geometry.dispose()
+    this.reset()
+  }
+
+  private markDirty (start: number, end: number): void {
+    this.pendingRanges.push({ start, end })
+    this.pendingRanges.sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start)
+    this.mergePendingRanges()
+  }
+
+  private mergePendingRanges (): void {
+    if (this.pendingRanges.length < 2) return
+    const merged: Array<{ start: number, end: number }> = []
+    let cur = this.pendingRanges[0]!
+    for (let i = 1; i < this.pendingRanges.length; i++) {
+      const next = this.pendingRanges[i]!
+      if (next.start <= cur.end + 1) {
+        cur = { start: cur.start, end: Math.max(cur.end, next.end) }
+      } else {
+        merged.push(cur)
+        cur = next
+      }
+    }
+    merged.push(cur)
+    this.pendingRanges = merged
+  }
+
+  private takeFreeSlot (count: number): { start: number, count: number } | undefined {
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.freeList.length; i++) {
+      const slot = this.freeList[i]!
+      if (slot.count >= count) {
+        this.freeList.splice(i, 1)
+        if (slot.count === count) return slot
+        const used = { start: slot.start, count }
+        this.insertFreeSlot({ start: slot.start + count, count: slot.count - count })
+        return used
+      }
+    }
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  private insertFreeSlot (slot: { start: number, count: number }): void {
+    this.freeList.push(slot)
+    this.freeList.sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start)
+    this.mergeFreeList()
+  }
+
+  private mergeFreeList (): void {
+    if (this.freeList.length < 2) return
+    const merged: Array<{ start: number, count: number }> = []
+    let cur = this.freeList[0]!
+    for (let i = 1; i < this.freeList.length; i++) {
+      const next = this.freeList[i]!
+      if (cur.start + cur.count === next.start) {
+        cur = { start: cur.start, count: cur.count + next.count }
+      } else {
+        merged.push(cur)
+        cur = next
+      }
+    }
+    merged.push(cur)
+    this.freeList = merged
+  }
+
+  private shrinkHighWatermark (): void {
+    while (this.highWatermark > 0) {
+      const tail = this.highWatermark - 1
+      const free = this.freeList.find(s => s.start <= tail && s.start + s.count > tail)
+      if (!free || free.start + free.count !== this.highWatermark) break
+      this.highWatermark = free.start
+      const idx = this.freeList.indexOf(free)
+      this.freeList.splice(idx, 1)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private growCapacity (minQuads: number): void {
+    let newCap = this.capacityQuads
+    while (newCap < minQuads) newCap += this.growthIncrementQuads
+
+    const oldMaxVerts = this.capacityQuads * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+    const newMaxVerts = newCap * VERTS_PER_QUAD
+
+    const nPos = new Float32Array(newMaxVerts * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    const nCol = new Float32Array(newMaxVerts * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    const nSky = new Float32Array(newMaxVerts * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    const nBlock = new Float32Array(newMaxVerts * FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT)
+    const nUv = new Float32Array(newMaxVerts * FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT)
+    const nOrigin = new Float32Array(newMaxVerts * FLOATS_PER_VERT)
+    const nIdx = new Uint32Array(newCap * INDICES_PER_QUAD)
+
+    nPos.set(this.positions)
+    nCol.set(this.colors)
+    nSky.set(this.skyLights)
+    nBlock.set(this.blockLights)
+    nUv.set(this.uvs)
+    nOrigin.set(this.aOrigin)
+    nIdx.set(this.indices)
+
+    this.positions = nPos
+    this.colors = nCol
+    this.skyLights = nSky
+    this.blockLights = nBlock
+    this.uvs = nUv
+    this.aOrigin = nOrigin
+    this.indices = nIdx
+    this.capacityQuads = newCap
+
+    const geometry = this.mesh.geometry
+    const replaceAttr = (arr: Float32Array, itemSize: number, name: string) => {
+      const prev = geometry.getAttribute(name)
+      if (prev) geometry.deleteAttribute(name)
+      const attr = new THREE.BufferAttribute(arr, itemSize)
+      attr.setUsage(THREE.DynamicDrawUsage)
+      geometry.setAttribute(name, attr)
+    }
+    replaceAttr(this.positions, FLOATS_PER_VERT, 'position')
+    replaceAttr(this.colors, FLOATS_PER_VERT, 'color')
+    replaceAttr(this.skyLights, FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT, 'a_skyLight')
+    replaceAttr(this.blockLights, FLOATS_PER_LIGHT_VERT, 'a_blockLight')
+    replaceAttr(this.uvs, FLOATS_PER_UV_VERT, 'uv')
+    replaceAttr(this.aOrigin, FLOATS_PER_VERT, 'a_origin')
+
+    const prevIndex = geometry.index
+    if (prevIndex) geometry.setIndex(null)
+    const indexAttr = new THREE.BufferAttribute(this.indices, 1)
+    indexAttr.setUsage(THREE.DynamicDrawUsage)
+    geometry.setIndex(indexAttr)
+
+    this.pendingRanges.length = 0
+  }
+}
+
+const _vA = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _vB = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _vC = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _edge1 = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _edge2 = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _normal = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _raycastOrigin = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _raycastRenderOrigin = new THREE.Vector3()
+const _raycastRay = new THREE.Ray()
+
+function readWorldVertex (
+  positions: Float32Array,
+  aOrigin: Float32Array,
+  floatBase: number,
+  vertIndex: number,
+  target: THREE.Vector3,
+): void {
+  const f = floatBase + vertIndex * FLOATS_PER_VERT
+  target.set(
+    aOrigin[f]! + positions[f]!,
+    aOrigin[f + 1]! + positions[f + 1]!,
+    aOrigin[f + 2]! + positions[f + 2]!,
+  )
+}
+
+function intersectTriangle (
+  ray: THREE.Ray,
+  positions: Float32Array,
+  aOrigin: Float32Array,
+  floatBase: number,
+  i0: number,
+  i1: number,
+  i2: number,
+  near: number,
+  far: number,
+): number | null {
+  readWorldVertex(positions, aOrigin, floatBase, i0, _vA)
+  readWorldVertex(positions, aOrigin, floatBase, i1, _vB)
+  readWorldVertex(positions, aOrigin, floatBase, i2, _vC)
+
+  _edge1.subVectors(_vB, _vA)
+  _edge2.subVectors(_vC, _vA)
+  _normal.crossVectors(_edge1, _edge2)
+
+  const denom = _normal.dot(ray.direction)
+  if (Math.abs(denom) < 1e-8) return null
+
+  const t = _vA.clone().sub(ray.origin).dot(_normal) / denom
+  if (t < near || t > far) return null
+
+  const p = ray.at(t, new THREE.Vector3())
+  if (!pointInTriangle(p, _vA, _vB, _vC)) return null
+  return t
+}
+
+function pointInTriangle (p: THREE.Vector3, a: THREE.Vector3, b: THREE.Vector3, c: THREE.Vector3): boolean {
+  _edge1.subVectors(b, a)
+  _edge2.subVectors(c, a)
+  const n = _normal.crossVectors(_edge1, _edge2).normalize()
+
+  const ab = _edge1
+  const ac = _edge2
+  const ap = p.clone().sub(a)
+
+  const d00 = ab.dot(ab)
+  const d01 = ab.dot(ac)
+  const d11 = ac.dot(ac)
+  const d20 = ap.dot(ab)
+  const d21 = ap.dot(ac)
+  const denom = d00 * d11 - d01 * d01
+  if (Math.abs(denom) < 1e-12) return false
+  const v = (d11 * d20 - d01 * d21) / denom
+  const w = (d00 * d21 - d01 * d20) / denom
+  const u = 1 - v - w
+  return u >= -1e-4 && v >= -1e-4 && w >= -1e-4
+}