metal-orm 1.1.3 → 1.1.5

package/src/core/dialect/mssql/index.ts

@@ -1,255 +1,392 @@
-import { CompilerContext } from '../abstract.js';
-import {
-  SelectQueryNode,
-  InsertQueryNode,
-  UpdateQueryNode,
-  DeleteQueryNode
-} from '../../ast/query.js';
-import { JsonPathNode, ColumnNode } from '../../ast/expression.js';
-import { MssqlFunctionStrategy } from './functions.js';
-import { OrderByCompiler } from '../base/orderby-compiler.js';
-import { JoinCompiler } from '../base/join-compiler.js';
-import { SqlDialectBase } from '../base/sql-dialect.js';
-
-/**
- * Microsoft SQL Server dialect implementation
- */
-export class SqlServerDialect extends SqlDialectBase {
-  protected readonly dialect = 'mssql';
-  /**
-   * Creates a new SqlServerDialect instance
-   */
-  public constructor() {
-    super(new MssqlFunctionStrategy());
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Quotes an identifier using SQL Server bracket syntax
-   * @param id - Identifier to quote
-   * @returns Quoted identifier
-   */
-  quoteIdentifier(id: string): string {
-    return `[${id}]`;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Compiles JSON path expression using SQL Server syntax
-   * @param node - JSON path node
-   * @returns SQL Server JSON path expression
-   */
-  protected compileJsonPath(node: JsonPathNode): string {
-    const col = `${this.quoteIdentifier(node.column.table)}.${this.quoteIdentifier(node.column.name)}`;
-    // SQL Server uses JSON_VALUE(col, '$.path')
-    return `JSON_VALUE(${col}, '${node.path}')`;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Formats parameter placeholders using SQL Server named parameter syntax
-   * @param index - Parameter index
-   * @returns Named parameter placeholder
-   */
-  protected formatPlaceholder(index: number): string {
-    return `@p${index}`;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Compiles SELECT query AST to SQL Server SQL
-   * @param ast - Query AST
-   * @param ctx - Compiler context
-   * @returns SQL Server SQL string
-   */
-  protected compileSelectAst(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    const hasSetOps = !!(ast.setOps && ast.setOps.length);
-    const ctes = this.compileCtes(ast, ctx);
-
-    const baseAst: SelectQueryNode = hasSetOps
-      ? { ...ast, setOps: undefined, orderBy: undefined, limit: undefined, offset: undefined }
-      : ast;
-
-    const baseSelect = this.compileSelectCoreForMssql(baseAst, ctx);
-
-    if (!hasSetOps) {
-      return `${ctes}${baseSelect}`;
-    }
-
-    const compound = ast.setOps!
-      .map(op => `${op.operator} ${this.wrapSetOperand(this.compileSelectAst(op.query, ctx))}`)
-      .join(' ');
-
-    const orderBy = this.compileOrderBy(ast, ctx);
-    const pagination = this.compilePagination(ast, orderBy);
-    const combined = `${this.wrapSetOperand(baseSelect)} ${compound}`;
-    const tail = pagination || orderBy;
-    return `${ctes}${combined}${tail}`;
-  }
-
-  protected compileDeleteAst(ast: DeleteQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    if (ast.using) {
-      throw new Error('DELETE ... USING is not supported in the MSSQL dialect; use join() instead.');
+import { CompilerContext, CompiledProcedureCall } from '../abstract.js';
+import {
+  SelectQueryNode,
+  InsertQueryNode,
+  UpdateQueryNode,
+  DeleteQueryNode
+} from '../../ast/query.js';
+import { JsonPathNode, ColumnNode } from '../../ast/expression.js';
+import { MssqlFunctionStrategy } from './functions.js';
+import { OrderByCompiler } from '../base/orderby-compiler.js';
+import { JoinCompiler } from '../base/join-compiler.js';
+import { SqlDialectBase } from '../base/sql-dialect.js';
+import { ProcedureCallNode } from '../../ast/procedure.js';
+
+const sanitizeVariableSuffix = (value: string): string =>
+  value.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g, '_');
+
+const toProcedureParamReference = (value: string): string =>
+  value.startsWith('@') ? value : `@${value}`;
+
+/**
+ * Microsoft SQL Server dialect implementation
+ */
+export class SqlServerDialect extends SqlDialectBase {
+  protected readonly dialect = 'mssql';
+  /**
+   * Creates a new SqlServerDialect instance
+   */
+  public constructor() {
+    super(new MssqlFunctionStrategy());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Quotes an identifier using SQL Server bracket syntax
+   * @param id - Identifier to quote
+   * @returns Quoted identifier
+   */
+  quoteIdentifier(id: string): string {
+    return `[${id}]`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compiles JSON path expression using SQL Server syntax
+   * @param node - JSON path node
+   * @returns SQL Server JSON path expression
+   */
+  protected compileJsonPath(node: JsonPathNode): string {
+    const col = `${this.quoteIdentifier(node.column.table)}.${this.quoteIdentifier(node.column.name)}`;
+    // SQL Server uses JSON_VALUE(col, '$.path')
+    return `JSON_VALUE(${col}, '${node.path}')`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Formats parameter placeholders using SQL Server named parameter syntax
+   * @param index - Parameter index
+   * @returns Named parameter placeholder
+   */
+  protected formatPlaceholder(index: number): string {
+    return `@p${index}`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compiles SELECT query AST to SQL Server SQL
+   * @param ast - Query AST
+   * @param ctx - Compiler context
+   * @returns SQL Server SQL string
+   */
+  protected compileSelectAst(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    const hasSetOps = !!(ast.setOps && ast.setOps.length);
+    const ctes = this.compileCtes(ast, ctx);
+
+    const baseAst: SelectQueryNode = hasSetOps
+      ? { ...ast, setOps: undefined, orderBy: undefined, limit: undefined, offset: undefined }
+      : ast;
+
+    const baseSelect = this.compileSelectCoreForMssql(baseAst, ctx);
+
+    if (!hasSetOps) {
+      return `${ctes}${baseSelect}`;
+    }
+
+    const compound = ast.setOps!
+      .map(op => `${op.operator} ${this.wrapSetOperand(this.compileSelectAst(op.query, ctx))}`)
+      .join(' ');
+
+    const orderBy = this.compileOrderBy(ast, ctx);
+    const pagination = this.compilePagination(ast, orderBy);
+    const combined = `${this.wrapSetOperand(baseSelect)} ${compound}`;
+    const tail = pagination || orderBy;
+    return `${ctes}${combined}${tail}`;
+  }
+
+  protected compileDeleteAst(ast: DeleteQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    if (ast.using) {
+      throw new Error('DELETE ... USING is not supported in the MSSQL dialect; use join() instead.');
+    }
+
+    if (ast.from.type !== 'Table') {
+      throw new Error('DELETE only supports base tables in the MSSQL dialect.');
+    }
+
+    const alias = ast.from.alias ?? ast.from.name;
+    const target = this.compileTableReference(ast.from);
+    const joins = JoinCompiler.compileJoins(
+      ast.joins,
+      ctx,
+      this.compileFrom.bind(this),
+      this.compileExpression.bind(this)
+    );
+    const whereClause = this.compileWhere(ast.where, ctx);
+    const returning = this.compileOutputClause(ast.returning, 'deleted');
+    return `DELETE ${this.quoteIdentifier(alias)}${returning} FROM ${target}${joins}${whereClause}`;
+  }
+
+  protected compileUpdateAst(ast: UpdateQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    const target = this.compileTableReference(ast.table);
+    const assignments = this.compileUpdateAssignments(ast.set, ast.table, ctx);
+    const output = this.compileReturning(ast.returning, ctx);
+    const fromClause = ast.from ? ` FROM ${this.compileFrom(ast.from, ctx)}` : '';
+    const joins = ast.joins
+      ? ast.joins.map(j => {
+          const table = this.compileFrom(j.table, ctx);
+          const cond = this.compileExpression(j.condition, ctx);
+          return ` ${j.kind} JOIN ${table} ON ${cond}`;
+        }).join('')
+      : '';
+    const whereClause = this.compileWhere(ast.where, ctx);
+    return `UPDATE ${target} SET ${assignments}${output}${fromClause}${joins}${whereClause}`;
+  }
+
+  private compileSelectCoreForMssql(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    const columns = ast.columns.map(c => {
+      // Default to full operand compilation for all projection node types (Function, Column, Cast, Case, Window, etc)
+      const expr = c.type === 'Column'
+        ? `${this.quoteIdentifier(c.table)}.${this.quoteIdentifier(c.name)}`
+        : this.compileOperand(c as unknown as import('../../ast/expression.js').OperandNode, ctx);
+
+      if (c.alias) {
+        if (c.alias.includes('(')) return c.alias;
+        return `${expr} AS ${this.quoteIdentifier(c.alias)}`;
+      }
+      return expr;
+    }).join(', ');
+
+    const distinct = ast.distinct ? 'DISTINCT ' : '';
+    const from = this.compileFrom(ast.from, ctx);
+
+    const joins = ast.joins.map(j => {
+      const table = this.compileFrom(j.table, ctx);
+      const cond = this.compileExpression(j.condition, ctx);
+      return `${j.kind} JOIN ${table} ON ${cond}`;
+    }).join(' ');
+    const whereClause = this.compileWhere(ast.where, ctx);
+
+    const groupBy = ast.groupBy && ast.groupBy.length > 0
+      ? ' GROUP BY ' + ast.groupBy.map(term => this.compileOrderingTerm(term, ctx)).join(', ')
+      : '';
+
+    const having = ast.having
+      ? ` HAVING ${this.compileExpression(ast.having, ctx)}`
+      : '';
+
+    const orderBy = this.compileOrderBy(ast, ctx);
+    const pagination = this.compilePagination(ast, orderBy);
+
+    if (pagination) {
+      return `SELECT ${distinct}${columns} FROM ${from}${joins ? ' ' + joins : ''}${whereClause}${groupBy}${having}${pagination}`;
+    }
+
+    return `SELECT ${distinct}${columns} FROM ${from}${joins ? ' ' + joins : ''}${whereClause}${groupBy}${having}${orderBy}`;
+  }
+
+  private compileOrderBy(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    return OrderByCompiler.compileOrderBy(
+      ast,
+      term => this.compileOrderingTerm(term, ctx),
+      this.renderOrderByNulls.bind(this),
+      this.renderOrderByCollation.bind(this)
+    );
+  }
+
+  private compilePagination(ast: SelectQueryNode, orderBy: string): string {
+    const hasLimit = ast.limit !== undefined;
+    const hasOffset = ast.offset !== undefined;
+    if (!hasLimit && !hasOffset) return '';
+
+    const off = ast.offset ?? 0;
+    let orderClause = orderBy;
+    if (!orderClause) {
+      // SQL Server requires ORDER BY items to appear in the SELECT list when DISTINCT is used.
+      // For paginated DISTINCT queries without explicit ORDER BY, use ORDER BY 1 (first projection).
+      orderClause = ast.distinct && ast.distinct.length > 0
+        ? ' ORDER BY 1'
+        : ' ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)';
+    }
+    let pagination = `${orderClause} OFFSET ${off} ROWS`;
+    if (hasLimit) {
+      pagination += ` FETCH NEXT ${ast.limit} ROWS ONLY`;
+    }
+    return pagination;
+  }
+
+  supportsDmlReturningClause(): boolean {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  protected compileReturning(returning: ColumnNode[] | undefined, _ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    void _ctx;
+    return this.compileOutputClause(returning, 'inserted');
+  }
+
+  private compileOutputClause(returning: ColumnNode[] | undefined, prefix: 'inserted' | 'deleted'): string {
+    if (!returning || returning.length === 0) return '';
+    const columns = returning
+      .map(column => {
+        const colName = this.quoteIdentifier(column.name);
+        const alias = column.alias ? ` AS ${this.quoteIdentifier(column.alias)}` : '';
+        return `${prefix}.${colName}${alias}`;
+      })
+      .join(', ');
+    return ` OUTPUT ${columns}`;
+  }
+
+  protected compileInsertAst(ast: InsertQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    if (!ast.columns.length) {
+      throw new Error('INSERT queries must specify columns.');
     }
 
-    if (ast.from.type !== 'Table') {
-      throw new Error('DELETE only supports base tables in the MSSQL dialect.');
+    if (ast.onConflict) {
+      return this.compileMergeInsert(ast, ctx);
     }
 
-    const alias = ast.from.alias ?? ast.from.name;
-    const target = this.compileTableReference(ast.from);
-    const joins = JoinCompiler.compileJoins(
-      ast.joins,
-      ctx,
-      this.compileFrom.bind(this),
-      this.compileExpression.bind(this)
-    );
-    const whereClause = this.compileWhere(ast.where, ctx);
-    const returning = this.compileOutputClause(ast.returning, 'deleted');
-    return `DELETE ${this.quoteIdentifier(alias)}${returning} FROM ${target}${joins}${whereClause}`;
-  }
-
-  protected compileUpdateAst(ast: UpdateQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    const target = this.compileTableReference(ast.table);
-    const assignments = this.compileUpdateAssignments(ast.set, ast.table, ctx);
+    const table = this.compileTableName(ast.into);
+    const columnList = ast.columns.map(column => this.quoteIdentifier(column.name)).join(', ');
     const output = this.compileReturning(ast.returning, ctx);
-    const fromClause = ast.from ? ` FROM ${this.compileFrom(ast.from, ctx)}` : '';
-    const joins = ast.joins
-      ? ast.joins.map(j => {
-          const table = this.compileFrom(j.table, ctx);
-          const cond = this.compileExpression(j.condition, ctx);
-          return ` ${j.kind} JOIN ${table} ON ${cond}`;
-        }).join('')
-      : '';
-    const whereClause = this.compileWhere(ast.where, ctx);
-    return `UPDATE ${target} SET ${assignments}${output}${fromClause}${joins}${whereClause}`;
+    const source = this.compileInsertValues(ast, ctx);
+    return `INSERT INTO ${table} (${columnList})${output} ${source}`;
   }
 
-  private compileSelectCoreForMssql(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    const columns = ast.columns.map(c => {
-      // Default to full operand compilation for all projection node types (Function, Column, Cast, Case, Window, etc)
-      const expr = c.type === 'Column'
-        ? `${this.quoteIdentifier(c.table)}.${this.quoteIdentifier(c.name)}`
-        : this.compileOperand(c as unknown as import('../../ast/expression.js').OperandNode, ctx);
-
-      if (c.alias) {
-        if (c.alias.includes('(')) return c.alias;
-        return `${expr} AS ${this.quoteIdentifier(c.alias)}`;
-      }
-      return expr;
-    }).join(', ');
-
-    const distinct = ast.distinct ? 'DISTINCT ' : '';
-    const from = this.compileFrom(ast.from, ctx);
-
-    const joins = ast.joins.map(j => {
-      const table = this.compileFrom(j.table, ctx);
-      const cond = this.compileExpression(j.condition, ctx);
-      return `${j.kind} JOIN ${table} ON ${cond}`;
-    }).join(' ');
-    const whereClause = this.compileWhere(ast.where, ctx);
-
-    const groupBy = ast.groupBy && ast.groupBy.length > 0
-      ? ' GROUP BY ' + ast.groupBy.map(term => this.compileOrderingTerm(term, ctx)).join(', ')
-      : '';
-
-    const having = ast.having
-      ? ` HAVING ${this.compileExpression(ast.having, ctx)}`
-      : '';
-
-    const orderBy = this.compileOrderBy(ast, ctx);
-    const pagination = this.compilePagination(ast, orderBy);
-
-    if (pagination) {
-      return `SELECT ${distinct}${columns} FROM ${from}${joins ? ' ' + joins : ''}${whereClause}${groupBy}${having}${pagination}`;
+  private compileMergeInsert(ast: InsertQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    const clause = ast.onConflict!;
+    if (clause.target.constraint) {
+      throw new Error('MSSQL MERGE does not support conflict target by constraint name.');
     }
+    this.ensureConflictColumns(clause, 'MSSQL MERGE requires conflict columns for the ON clause.');
 
-    return `SELECT ${distinct}${columns} FROM ${from}${joins ? ' ' + joins : ''}${whereClause}${groupBy}${having}${orderBy}`;
-  }
-
-  private compileOrderBy(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    return OrderByCompiler.compileOrderBy(
-      ast,
-      term => this.compileOrderingTerm(term, ctx),
-      this.renderOrderByNulls.bind(this),
-      this.renderOrderByCollation.bind(this)
-    );
-  }
-
-  private compilePagination(ast: SelectQueryNode, orderBy: string): string {
-    const hasLimit = ast.limit !== undefined;
-    const hasOffset = ast.offset !== undefined;
-    if (!hasLimit && !hasOffset) return '';
-
-    const off = ast.offset ?? 0;
-    let orderClause = orderBy;
-    if (!orderClause) {
-      // SQL Server requires ORDER BY items to appear in the SELECT list when DISTINCT is used.
-      // For paginated DISTINCT queries without explicit ORDER BY, use ORDER BY 1 (first projection).
-      orderClause = ast.distinct && ast.distinct.length > 0
-        ? ' ORDER BY 1'
-        : ' ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)';
-    }
-    let pagination = `${orderClause} OFFSET ${off} ROWS`;
-    if (hasLimit) {
-      pagination += ` FETCH NEXT ${ast.limit} ROWS ONLY`;
+    const table = this.compileTableName(ast.into);
+    const targetRef = this.quoteIdentifier(ast.into.alias ?? ast.into.name);
+    const sourceAlias = this.quoteIdentifier('src');
+    const sourceColumns = ast.columns.map(column => this.quoteIdentifier(column.name)).join(', ');
+    const usingSource = this.compileMergeUsingSource(ast, ctx);
+    const onClause = clause.target.columns
+      .map(column => `${targetRef}.${this.quoteIdentifier(column.name)} = ${sourceAlias}.${this.quoteIdentifier(column.name)}`)
+      .join(' AND ');
+
+    const branches: string[] = [];
+    if (clause.action.type === 'DoUpdate') {
+      if (!clause.action.set.length) {
+        throw new Error('MSSQL MERGE WHEN MATCHED UPDATE requires at least one assignment.');
+      }
+      const assignments = clause.action.set
+        .map(assignment => {
+          const target = `${targetRef}.${this.quoteIdentifier(assignment.column.name)}`;
+          const value = this.compileOperand(assignment.value, ctx);
+          return `${target} = ${value}`;
+        })
+        .join(', ');
+      const guard = clause.action.where
+        ? ` AND ${this.compileExpression(clause.action.where, ctx)}`
+        : '';
+      branches.push(`WHEN MATCHED${guard} THEN UPDATE SET ${assignments}`);
     }
-    return pagination;
-  }
 
-  supportsDmlReturningClause(): boolean {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  protected compileReturning(returning: ColumnNode[] | undefined, _ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    void _ctx;
-    return this.compileOutputClause(returning, 'inserted');
-  }
-
-  private compileOutputClause(returning: ColumnNode[] | undefined, prefix: 'inserted' | 'deleted'): string {
-    if (!returning || returning.length === 0) return '';
-    const columns = returning
-      .map(column => {
-        const colName = this.quoteIdentifier(column.name);
-        const alias = column.alias ? ` AS ${this.quoteIdentifier(column.alias)}` : '';
-        return `${prefix}.${colName}${alias}`;
-      })
+    const insertColumns = ast.columns.map(column => this.quoteIdentifier(column.name)).join(', ');
+    const insertValues = ast.columns
+      .map(column => `${sourceAlias}.${this.quoteIdentifier(column.name)}`)
       .join(', ');
-    return ` OUTPUT ${columns}`;
-  }
+    branches.push(`WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (${insertColumns}) VALUES (${insertValues})`);
 
-  protected compileInsertAst(ast: InsertQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    if (!ast.columns.length) {
-      throw new Error('INSERT queries must specify columns.');
-    }
-    const table = this.compileTableName(ast.into);
-    const columnList = ast.columns.map(column => this.quoteIdentifier(column.name)).join(', ');
     const output = this.compileReturning(ast.returning, ctx);
-    const source = this.compileInsertValues(ast, ctx);
-    return `INSERT INTO ${table} (${columnList})${output} ${source}`;
+    return `MERGE INTO ${table} USING ${usingSource} AS ${sourceAlias} (${sourceColumns}) ON ${onClause} ${branches.join(' ')}${output}`;
   }
 
-  private compileInsertValues(ast: InsertQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    const source = ast.source;
-    if (source.type === 'InsertValues') {
-      if (!source.rows.length) {
+  private compileMergeUsingSource(ast: InsertQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    if (ast.source.type === 'InsertValues') {
+      if (!ast.source.rows.length) {
         throw new Error('INSERT ... VALUES requires at least one row.');
       }
-      const values = source.rows
+      const rows = ast.source.rows
         .map(row => `(${row.map(value => this.compileOperand(value, ctx)).join(', ')})`)
         .join(', ');
-      return `VALUES ${values}`;
+      return `(VALUES ${rows})`;
     }
-    const normalized = this.normalizeSelectAst(source.query);
-    return this.compileSelectAst(normalized, ctx).trim();
-  }
 
-  private compileCtes(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
-    if (!ast.ctes || ast.ctes.length === 0) return '';
-    // MSSQL does not use RECURSIVE keyword, but supports recursion when CTE references itself.
-    const defs = ast.ctes.map(cte => {
-      const name = this.quoteIdentifier(cte.name);
-      const cols = cte.columns ? `(${cte.columns.map(c => this.quoteIdentifier(c)).join(', ')})` : '';
-      const query = this.compileSelectAst(this.normalizeSelectAst(cte.query), ctx).trim().replace(/;$/, '');
-      return `${name}${cols} AS (${query})`;
-    }).join(', ');
-    return `WITH ${defs} `;
+    const normalized = this.normalizeSelectAst(ast.source.query);
+    const selectSql = this.compileSelectAst(normalized, ctx).trim().replace(/;$/, '');
+    return `(${selectSql})`;
   }
-
-}
+
+  private compileInsertValues(ast: InsertQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    const source = ast.source;
+    if (source.type === 'InsertValues') {
+      if (!source.rows.length) {
+        throw new Error('INSERT ... VALUES requires at least one row.');
+      }
+      const values = source.rows
+        .map(row => `(${row.map(value => this.compileOperand(value, ctx)).join(', ')})`)
+        .join(', ');
+      return `VALUES ${values}`;
+    }
+    const normalized = this.normalizeSelectAst(source.query);
+    return this.compileSelectAst(normalized, ctx).trim();
+  }
+
+  private compileCtes(ast: SelectQueryNode, ctx: CompilerContext): string {
+    if (!ast.ctes || ast.ctes.length === 0) return '';
+    // MSSQL does not use RECURSIVE keyword, but supports recursion when CTE references itself.
+    const defs = ast.ctes.map(cte => {
+      const name = this.quoteIdentifier(cte.name);
+      const cols = cte.columns ? `(${cte.columns.map(c => this.quoteIdentifier(c)).join(', ')})` : '';
+      const query = this.compileSelectAst(this.normalizeSelectAst(cte.query), ctx).trim().replace(/;$/, '');
+      return `${name}${cols} AS (${query})`;
+    }).join(', ');
+    return `WITH ${defs} `;
+  }
+
+  compileProcedureCall(ast: ProcedureCallNode): CompiledProcedureCall {
+    const ctx = this.createCompilerContext();
+    const qualifiedName = ast.ref.schema
+      ? `${this.quoteIdentifier(ast.ref.schema)}.${this.quoteIdentifier(ast.ref.name)}`
+      : this.quoteIdentifier(ast.ref.name);
+
+    const declarations: string[] = [];
+    const assignments: string[] = [];
+    const execArgs: string[] = [];
+    const outVars: Array<{ variable: string; name: string }> = [];
+
+    ast.params.forEach((param, index) => {
+      const targetParam = toProcedureParamReference(param.name);
+      if (param.direction === 'in') {
+        if (!param.value) {
+          throw new Error(`Procedure parameter "${param.name}" requires a value for direction "in".`);
+        }
+        execArgs.push(`${targetParam} = ${this.compileOperand(param.value, ctx)}`);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!param.dbType) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `MSSQL procedure parameter "${param.name}" requires "dbType" for direction "${param.direction}".`
+        );
+      }
+
+      const suffix = sanitizeVariableSuffix(param.name || `p${index + 1}`);
+      const variable = `@__metal_${suffix}_${index + 1}`;
+      declarations.push(`DECLARE ${variable} ${param.dbType};`);
+
+      if (param.direction === 'inout') {
+        if (!param.value) {
+          throw new Error(`Procedure parameter "${param.name}" requires a value for direction "inout".`);
+        }
+        assignments.push(`SET ${variable} = ${this.compileOperand(param.value, ctx)};`);
+      }
+
+      execArgs.push(`${targetParam} = ${variable} OUTPUT`);
+      outVars.push({ variable, name: param.name });
+    });
+
+    const statements: string[] = [];
+    if (declarations.length) statements.push(...declarations);
+    if (assignments.length) statements.push(...assignments);
+    const argsSql = execArgs.length ? ` ${execArgs.join(', ')}` : '';
+    statements.push(`EXEC ${qualifiedName}${argsSql};`);
+
+    if (outVars.length) {
+      const selectOut = outVars
+        .map(({ variable, name }) => `${variable} AS ${this.quoteIdentifier(name)}`)
+        .join(', ');
+      statements.push(`SELECT ${selectOut};`);
+    }
+
+    return {
+      sql: statements.join(' '),
+      params: [...ctx.params],
+      outParams: {
+        source: outVars.length ? 'lastResultSet' : 'none',
+        names: outVars.map(item => item.name)
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+}