metal-orm 1.0.98 → 1.0.100

package/src/orm/save-graph.ts

@@ -1,405 +1,431 @@
-import type {
-  EntityInstance,
-  HasManyCollection,
-  HasOneReference,
-  BelongsToReference,
-  ManyToManyCollection
-} from '../schema/types.js';
-import { normalizeColumnType, type ColumnDef } from '../schema/column-types.js';
-import {
-  RelationKinds,
-  type BelongsToManyRelation,
-  type BelongsToRelation,
-  type HasManyRelation,
-  type HasOneRelation,
-  type RelationDef
-} from '../schema/relation.js';
-import type { TableDef } from '../schema/table.js';
-import { findPrimaryKey } from '../query-builder/hydration-planner.js';
-import { createEntityFromRow } from './entity.js';
-import type { EntityConstructor } from './entity-metadata.js';
-import { getTableDefFromEntity } from '../decorators/bootstrap.js';
-import type { OrmSession } from './orm-session.js';
-import type { PrimaryKey } from './entity-context.js';
-
-/**
- * Options for controlling the behavior of save graph operations.
- */
-export interface SaveGraphOptions {
-  /** Remove existing collection members that are not present in the payload */
-  pruneMissing?: boolean;
-  /**
-   * Coerce JSON-friendly input values into DB-friendly primitives.
-   * Currently:
-   * - `json`: Date -> ISO string (for DATE/DATETIME/TIMESTAMP/TIMESTAMPTZ columns)
-   * - `json-in`: string/number -> Date (for DATE/DATETIME/TIMESTAMP/TIMESTAMPTZ columns)
-   */
-  coerce?: 'json' | 'json-in';
-}
-
-/** Represents an entity object with arbitrary properties. */
-type AnyEntity = Record<string, unknown>;
-
-/**
-
- * Converts a value to a string key, returning an empty string for null or undefined.
-
- * @param value - The value to convert.
-
- * @returns The string representation or empty string.
-
- */
-
-const toKey = (value: unknown): string => (value === null || value === undefined ? '' : String(value));
-
-const coerceColumnValue = (
-  table: TableDef,
-  columnName: string,
-  value: unknown,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): unknown => {
-  if (value === null || value === undefined) return value;
-
-  const column = table.columns[columnName] as unknown as ColumnDef | undefined;
-  if (!column) return value;
-
-  const normalized = normalizeColumnType(column.type);
-
-  const isDateLikeColumn =
-    normalized === 'date' ||
-    normalized === 'datetime' ||
-    normalized === 'timestamp' ||
-    normalized === 'timestamptz';
-
-  if (!isDateLikeColumn) return value;
-
-  if (options.coerce === 'json') {
-    if (value instanceof Date) {
-      return value.toISOString();
-    }
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  if (options.coerce === 'json-in') {
-    if (value instanceof Date) return value;
-    if (typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'number') {
-      const date = new Date(value);
-      if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
-        throw new Error(`Invalid date value for column "${columnName}"`);
-      }
-      return date;
-    }
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  // Future coercions can be added here based on `normalized`.
-  return value;
-};
-
-const pickColumns = (table: TableDef, payload: AnyEntity, options: SaveGraphOptions): Record<string, unknown> => {
-  const columns: Record<string, unknown> = {};
-  for (const key of Object.keys(table.columns)) {
-    if (payload[key] !== undefined) {
-      columns[key] = coerceColumnValue(table, key, payload[key], options);
-    }
-  }
-  return columns;
-};
-
-const ensureEntity = <TTable extends TableDef>(
-  session: OrmSession,
-  table: TTable,
-  payload: AnyEntity,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): EntityInstance<TTable> => {
-  const pk = findPrimaryKey(table);
-  const row = pickColumns(table, payload, options);
-  const pkValue = payload[pk];
-
-  if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null) {
-    const tracked = session.getEntity(table, pkValue as PrimaryKey);
-    if (tracked) {
-      return tracked as EntityInstance<TTable>;
-    }
-    // Seed the stub with PK to track a managed entity when updating.
-    if (row[pk] === undefined) {
-      row[pk] = pkValue;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return createEntityFromRow(session, table, row) as EntityInstance<TTable>;
-};
-
-const assignColumns = (table: TableDef, entity: AnyEntity, payload: AnyEntity, options: SaveGraphOptions): void => {
-  for (const key of Object.keys(table.columns)) {
-    if (payload[key] !== undefined) {
-      entity[key] = coerceColumnValue(table, key, payload[key], options);
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-const isEntityInCollection = (items: AnyEntity[], pkName: string, entity: AnyEntity): boolean => {
-  if (items.includes(entity)) return true;
-  const entityPk = entity[pkName];
-  if (entityPk === undefined || entityPk === null) return false;
-  return items.some(item => toKey(item[pkName]) === toKey(entityPk));
-};
-
-const findInCollectionByPk = (items: AnyEntity[], pkName: string, pkValue: unknown): AnyEntity | undefined => {
-  if (pkValue === undefined || pkValue === null) return undefined;
-  return items.find(item => toKey(item[pkName]) === toKey(pkValue));
-};
-
-const handleHasMany = async (
-  session: OrmSession,
-  root: AnyEntity,
-  relationName: string,
-  relation: HasManyRelation,
-  payload: unknown,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): Promise<void> => {
-  if (!Array.isArray(payload)) return;
-  const collection = root[relationName] as unknown as HasManyCollection<unknown>;
-  await collection.load();
-
-  const targetTable = relation.target;
-  const targetPk = findPrimaryKey(targetTable);
-  const existing = collection.getItems() as unknown as AnyEntity[];
-  const seen = new Set<string>();
-
-  for (const item of payload) {
-    if (item === null || item === undefined) continue;
-    const asObj = typeof item === 'object' ? (item as AnyEntity) : { [targetPk]: item };
-    const pkValue = asObj[targetPk];
-
-    const current =
-      findInCollectionByPk(existing, targetPk, pkValue) ??
-      (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null ? session.getEntity(targetTable, pkValue as PrimaryKey) : undefined);
-
-    const entity = current ?? ensureEntity(session, targetTable, asObj, options);
-    assignColumns(targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
-    await applyGraphToEntity(session, targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
-
-    if (!isEntityInCollection(collection.getItems() as unknown as AnyEntity[], targetPk, entity as unknown as AnyEntity)) {
-      collection.attach(entity);
-    }
-
-    if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null) {
-      seen.add(toKey(pkValue));
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (options.pruneMissing) {
-    for (const item of [...collection.getItems()]) {
-      const pkValue = item[targetPk];
-      if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null && !seen.has(toKey(pkValue))) {
-        collection.remove(item);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-const handleHasOne = async (
-  session: OrmSession,
-  root: AnyEntity,
-  relationName: string,
-  relation: HasOneRelation,
-  payload: unknown,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): Promise<void> => {
-  const ref = root[relationName] as unknown as HasOneReference<object>;
-  if (payload === undefined) return;
-  if (payload === null) {
-    ref.set(null);
-    return;
-  }
-  const pk = findPrimaryKey(relation.target);
-  if (typeof payload === 'number' || typeof payload === 'string') {
-    const entity = ref.set({ [pk]: payload });
-    if (entity) {
-      await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, entity as AnyEntity, { [pk]: payload as PrimaryKey }, options);
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-  const attached = ref.set(payload as AnyEntity);
-  if (attached) {
-    await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, attached as AnyEntity, payload as AnyEntity, options);
-  }
-};
-
-const handleBelongsTo = async (
-  session: OrmSession,
-  root: AnyEntity,
-  relationName: string,
-  relation: BelongsToRelation,
-  payload: unknown,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): Promise<void> => {
-  const ref = root[relationName] as unknown as BelongsToReference<object>;
-  if (payload === undefined) return;
-  if (payload === null) {
-    ref.set(null);
-    return;
-  }
-  const pk = relation.localKey || findPrimaryKey(relation.target);
-  if (typeof payload === 'number' || typeof payload === 'string') {
-    const entity = ref.set({ [pk]: payload });
-    if (entity) {
-      await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, entity as AnyEntity, { [pk]: payload as PrimaryKey }, options);
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-  const attached = ref.set(payload as AnyEntity);
-  if (attached) {
-    await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, attached as AnyEntity, payload as AnyEntity, options);
-  }
-};
-
-const handleBelongsToMany = async (
-  session: OrmSession,
-  root: AnyEntity,
-  relationName: string,
-  relation: BelongsToManyRelation,
-  payload: unknown,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): Promise<void> => {
-  if (!Array.isArray(payload)) return;
-  const collection = root[relationName] as unknown as ManyToManyCollection<unknown>;
-  await collection.load();
-
-  const targetTable = relation.target;
-  const targetPk = relation.targetKey || findPrimaryKey(targetTable);
-  const seen = new Set<string>();
-
-  for (const item of payload) {
-    if (item === null || item === undefined) continue;
-    if (typeof item === 'number' || typeof item === 'string') {
-      const id = item;
-      collection.attach(id);
-      seen.add(toKey(id));
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    const asObj = item as AnyEntity;
-    const pkValue = asObj[targetPk];
-    const entity = pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null
-      ? session.getEntity(targetTable, pkValue as PrimaryKey) ?? ensureEntity(session, targetTable, asObj, options)
-      : ensureEntity(session, targetTable, asObj, options);
-
-    assignColumns(targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
-    await applyGraphToEntity(session, targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
-
-    if (!isEntityInCollection(collection.getItems() as unknown as AnyEntity[], targetPk, entity as unknown as AnyEntity)) {
-      collection.attach(entity);
-    }
-
-    if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null) {
-      seen.add(toKey(pkValue));
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (options.pruneMissing) {
-    for (const item of [...collection.getItems()] as unknown as AnyEntity[]) {
-      const pkValue = item[targetPk];
-      if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null && !seen.has(toKey(pkValue))) {
-        collection.detach(item);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-const applyRelation = async (
-  session: OrmSession,
-  table: TableDef,
-  entity: AnyEntity,
-  relationName: string,
-  relation: RelationDef,
-  payload: unknown,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): Promise<void> => {
-  switch (relation.type) {
-    case RelationKinds.HasMany:
-      return handleHasMany(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
-    case RelationKinds.HasOne:
-      return handleHasOne(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
-    case RelationKinds.BelongsTo:
-      return handleBelongsTo(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
-    case RelationKinds.BelongsToMany:
-      return handleBelongsToMany(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
-  }
-};
-
-const applyGraphToEntity = async (
-  session: OrmSession,
-  table: TableDef,
-  entity: AnyEntity,
-  payload: AnyEntity,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions
-): Promise<void> => {
-  assignColumns(table, entity, payload, options);
-
-  for (const [relationName, relation] of Object.entries(table.relations)) {
-    if (!(relationName in payload)) continue;
-    await applyRelation(session, table, entity, relationName, relation as RelationDef, payload[relationName], options);
-  }
-};
-
-export const saveGraph = async <TTable extends TableDef>(
-  session: OrmSession,
-  entityClass: EntityConstructor,
-  payload: AnyEntity,
-  options: SaveGraphOptions = {}
-): Promise<EntityInstance<TTable>> => {
-  const table = getTableDefFromEntity(entityClass);
-  if (!table) {
-    throw new Error('Entity metadata has not been bootstrapped');
-  }
-
-  const root = ensureEntity<TTable>(session, table as TTable, payload, options);
-  await applyGraphToEntity(session, table, root as AnyEntity, payload, options);
-  return root;
-};
-
-/**
-
- * Internal version of saveGraph with typed return based on the constructor.
-
- * @param session - The ORM session.
-
- * @param entityClass - The entity constructor.
-
- * @param payload - The payload data for the root entity and its relations.
-
- * @param options - Options for the save operation.
-
- * @returns The root entity instance.
-
- */
-
-export const saveGraphInternal = async <TCtor extends EntityConstructor>(
-
-  session: OrmSession,
-
-  entityClass: TCtor,
-
-  payload: AnyEntity,
-
-  options: SaveGraphOptions = {}
-
-): Promise<InstanceType<TCtor>> => {
-
-  const table = getTableDefFromEntity(entityClass);
-
-  if (!table) {
-
-    throw new Error('Entity metadata has not been bootstrapped');
-
-  }
-
-  const root = ensureEntity(session, table, payload, options);
-
-  await applyGraphToEntity(session, table, root as AnyEntity, payload, options);
-
-  return root as unknown as InstanceType<TCtor>;
-
-};
+import type {
+  EntityInstance,
+  HasManyCollection,
+  HasOneReference,
+  BelongsToReference,
+  ManyToManyCollection
+} from '../schema/types.js';
+import { normalizeColumnType, type ColumnDef } from '../schema/column-types.js';
+import {
+  RelationKinds,
+  type BelongsToManyRelation,
+  type BelongsToRelation,
+  type HasManyRelation,
+  type HasOneRelation,
+  type RelationDef
+} from '../schema/relation.js';
+import type { TableDef } from '../schema/table.js';
+import { findPrimaryKey } from '../query-builder/hydration-planner.js';
+import { createEntityFromRow } from './entity.js';
+import type { EntityConstructor } from './entity-metadata.js';
+import { getTableDefFromEntity } from '../decorators/bootstrap.js';
+import type { OrmSession } from './orm-session.js';
+import type { PrimaryKey } from './entity-context.js';
+
+/**
+ * Options for controlling the behavior of save graph operations.
+ */
+export interface SaveGraphOptions {
+  /** Remove existing collection members that are not present in the payload */
+  pruneMissing?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Coerce JSON-friendly input values into DB-friendly primitives.
+   * Currently:
+   * - `json`: Date -> ISO string (for DATE/DATETIME/TIMESTAMP/TIMESTAMPTZ columns)
+   * - `json-in`: string/number -> Date (for DATE/DATETIME/TIMESTAMP/TIMESTAMPTZ columns)
+   */
+  coerce?: 'json' | 'json-in';
+}
+
+/** Represents an entity object with arbitrary properties. */
+type AnyEntity = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+/**
+
+ * Converts a value to a string key, returning an empty string for null or undefined.
+
+ * @param value - The value to convert.
+
+ * @returns The string representation or empty string.
+
+ */
+
+const toKey = (value: unknown): string => (value === null || value === undefined ? '' : String(value));
+
+const coerceColumnValue = (
+  table: TableDef,
+  columnName: string,
+  value: unknown,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): unknown => {
+  if (value === null || value === undefined) return value;
+
+  const column = table.columns[columnName] as unknown as ColumnDef | undefined;
+  if (!column) return value;
+
+  const normalized = normalizeColumnType(column.type);
+
+  const isDateLikeColumn =
+    normalized === 'date' ||
+    normalized === 'datetime' ||
+    normalized === 'timestamp' ||
+    normalized === 'timestamptz';
+
+  if (!isDateLikeColumn) return value;
+
+  if (options.coerce === 'json') {
+    if (value instanceof Date) {
+      return value.toISOString();
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (options.coerce === 'json-in') {
+    if (value instanceof Date) return value;
+    if (typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'number') {
+      const date = new Date(value);
+      if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid date value for column "${columnName}"`);
+      }
+      return date;
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // Future coercions can be added here based on `normalized`.
+  return value;
+};
+
+const pickColumns = (table: TableDef, payload: AnyEntity, options: SaveGraphOptions): Record<string, unknown> => {
+  const columns: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+  for (const key of Object.keys(table.columns)) {
+    if (payload[key] !== undefined) {
+      columns[key] = coerceColumnValue(table, key, payload[key], options);
+    }
+  }
+  return columns;
+};
+
+const ensureEntity = <TTable extends TableDef>(
+  session: OrmSession,
+  table: TTable,
+  payload: AnyEntity,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): EntityInstance<TTable> => {
+  const pk = findPrimaryKey(table);
+  const row = pickColumns(table, payload, options);
+  const pkValue = payload[pk];
+
+  if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null) {
+    const tracked = session.getEntity(table, pkValue as PrimaryKey);
+    if (tracked) {
+      return tracked as EntityInstance<TTable>;
+    }
+    // Seed the stub with PK to track a managed entity when updating.
+    if (row[pk] === undefined) {
+      row[pk] = pkValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return createEntityFromRow(session, table, row) as EntityInstance<TTable>;
+};
+
+const assignColumns = (table: TableDef, entity: AnyEntity, payload: AnyEntity, options: SaveGraphOptions): void => {
+  for (const key of Object.keys(table.columns)) {
+    if (payload[key] !== undefined) {
+      entity[key] = coerceColumnValue(table, key, payload[key], options);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+const isEntityInCollection = (items: AnyEntity[], pkName: string, entity: AnyEntity): boolean => {
+  if (items.includes(entity)) return true;
+  const entityPk = entity[pkName];
+  if (entityPk === undefined || entityPk === null) return false;
+  return items.some(item => toKey(item[pkName]) === toKey(entityPk));
+};
+
+const findInCollectionByPk = (items: AnyEntity[], pkName: string, pkValue: unknown): AnyEntity | undefined => {
+  if (pkValue === undefined || pkValue === null) return undefined;
+  return items.find(item => toKey(item[pkName]) === toKey(pkValue));
+};
+
+const handleHasMany = async (
+  session: OrmSession,
+  root: AnyEntity,
+  relationName: string,
+  relation: HasManyRelation,
+  payload: unknown,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): Promise<void> => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(payload)) return;
+  const collection = root[relationName] as unknown as HasManyCollection<unknown>;
+  await collection.load();
+
+  const targetTable = relation.target;
+  const targetPk = findPrimaryKey(targetTable);
+  const existing = collection.getItems() as unknown as AnyEntity[];
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+
+  for (const item of payload) {
+    if (item === null || item === undefined) continue;
+    const asObj = typeof item === 'object' ? (item as AnyEntity) : { [targetPk]: item };
+    const pkValue = asObj[targetPk];
+
+    const current =
+      findInCollectionByPk(existing, targetPk, pkValue) ??
+      (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null ? session.getEntity(targetTable, pkValue as PrimaryKey) : undefined);
+
+    const entity = current ?? ensureEntity(session, targetTable, asObj, options);
+    assignColumns(targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
+    await applyGraphToEntity(session, targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
+
+    if (!isEntityInCollection(collection.getItems() as unknown as AnyEntity[], targetPk, entity as unknown as AnyEntity)) {
+      collection.attach(entity);
+    }
+
+    if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null) {
+      seen.add(toKey(pkValue));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.pruneMissing) {
+    for (const item of [...collection.getItems()]) {
+      const pkValue = item[targetPk];
+      if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null && !seen.has(toKey(pkValue))) {
+        collection.remove(item);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+const handleHasOne = async (
+  session: OrmSession,
+  root: AnyEntity,
+  relationName: string,
+  relation: HasOneRelation,
+  payload: unknown,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): Promise<void> => {
+  const ref = root[relationName] as unknown as HasOneReference<object>;
+  if (payload === undefined) return;
+  if (payload === null) {
+    ref.set(null);
+    return;
+  }
+  const pk = findPrimaryKey(relation.target);
+  if (typeof payload === 'number' || typeof payload === 'string') {
+    const entity = ref.set({ [pk]: payload });
+    if (entity) {
+      await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, entity as AnyEntity, { [pk]: payload as PrimaryKey }, options);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  const attached = ref.set(payload as AnyEntity);
+  if (attached) {
+    await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, attached as AnyEntity, payload as AnyEntity, options);
+  }
+};
+
+const handleBelongsTo = async (
+  session: OrmSession,
+  root: AnyEntity,
+  relationName: string,
+  relation: BelongsToRelation,
+  payload: unknown,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): Promise<void> => {
+  const ref = root[relationName] as unknown as BelongsToReference<object>;
+  if (payload === undefined) return;
+  if (payload === null) {
+    ref.set(null);
+    return;
+  }
+  const pk = relation.localKey || findPrimaryKey(relation.target);
+  if (typeof payload === 'number' || typeof payload === 'string') {
+    const entity = ref.set({ [pk]: payload });
+    if (entity) {
+      await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, entity as AnyEntity, { [pk]: payload as PrimaryKey }, options);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  const attached = ref.set(payload as AnyEntity);
+  if (attached) {
+    await applyGraphToEntity(session, relation.target, attached as AnyEntity, payload as AnyEntity, options);
+  }
+};
+
+const handleBelongsToMany = async (
+  session: OrmSession,
+  root: AnyEntity,
+  relationName: string,
+  relation: BelongsToManyRelation,
+  payload: unknown,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): Promise<void> => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(payload)) return;
+  const collection = root[relationName] as unknown as ManyToManyCollection<unknown>;
+  await collection.load();
+
+  const targetTable = relation.target;
+  const targetPk = relation.targetKey || findPrimaryKey(targetTable);
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+
+  for (const item of payload) {
+    if (item === null || item === undefined) continue;
+    if (typeof item === 'number' || typeof item === 'string') {
+      const id = item;
+      collection.attach(id);
+      seen.add(toKey(id));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const asObj = item as AnyEntity;
+    const pkValue = asObj[targetPk];
+    const entity = pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null
+      ? session.getEntity(targetTable, pkValue as PrimaryKey) ?? ensureEntity(session, targetTable, asObj, options)
+      : ensureEntity(session, targetTable, asObj, options);
+
+    assignColumns(targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
+    await applyGraphToEntity(session, targetTable, entity as AnyEntity, asObj, options);
+
+    if (!isEntityInCollection(collection.getItems() as unknown as AnyEntity[], targetPk, entity as unknown as AnyEntity)) {
+      collection.attach(entity);
+    }
+
+    if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null) {
+      seen.add(toKey(pkValue));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.pruneMissing) {
+    for (const item of [...collection.getItems()] as unknown as AnyEntity[]) {
+      const pkValue = item[targetPk];
+      if (pkValue !== undefined && pkValue !== null && !seen.has(toKey(pkValue))) {
+        collection.detach(item);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+const applyRelation = async (
+  session: OrmSession,
+  table: TableDef,
+  entity: AnyEntity,
+  relationName: string,
+  relation: RelationDef,
+  payload: unknown,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): Promise<void> => {
+  switch (relation.type) {
+    case RelationKinds.HasMany:
+      return handleHasMany(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
+    case RelationKinds.HasOne:
+      return handleHasOne(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
+    case RelationKinds.BelongsTo:
+      return handleBelongsTo(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
+    case RelationKinds.BelongsToMany:
+      return handleBelongsToMany(session, entity, relationName, relation, payload, options);
+  }
+};
+
+const applyGraphToEntity = async (
+  session: OrmSession,
+  table: TableDef,
+  entity: AnyEntity,
+  payload: AnyEntity,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions
+): Promise<void> => {
+  assignColumns(table, entity, payload, options);
+
+  for (const [relationName, relation] of Object.entries(table.relations)) {
+    if (!(relationName in payload)) continue;
+    await applyRelation(session, table, entity, relationName, relation as RelationDef, payload[relationName], options);
+  }
+};
+
+export const saveGraph = async <TTable extends TableDef>(
+  session: OrmSession,
+  entityClass: EntityConstructor,
+  payload: AnyEntity,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions = {}
+): Promise<EntityInstance<TTable>> => {
+  const table = getTableDefFromEntity(entityClass);
+  if (!table) {
+    throw new Error('Entity metadata has not been bootstrapped');
+  }
+
+  const root = ensureEntity<TTable>(session, table as TTable, payload, options);
+  await applyGraphToEntity(session, table, root as AnyEntity, payload, options);
+  return root;
+};
+
+/**
+
+ * Internal version of saveGraph with typed return based on the constructor.
+
+ * @param session - The ORM session.
+
+ * @param entityClass - The entity constructor.
+
+ * @param payload - The payload data for the root entity and its relations.
+
+ * @param options - Options for the save operation.
+
+ * @returns The root entity instance.
+
+ */
+
+export const saveGraphInternal = async <TCtor extends EntityConstructor>(
+
+  session: OrmSession,
+
+  entityClass: TCtor,
+
+  payload: AnyEntity,
+
+  options: SaveGraphOptions = {}
+
+): Promise<InstanceType<TCtor>> => {
+
+  const table = getTableDefFromEntity(entityClass);
+
+  if (!table) {
+
+    throw new Error('Entity metadata has not been bootstrapped');
+
+  }
+
+  const root = ensureEntity(session, table, payload, options);
+
+  await applyGraphToEntity(session, table, root as AnyEntity, payload, options);
+
+  return root as unknown as InstanceType<TCtor>;
+
+};
+
+/**
+ * Patches an existing entity by applying only the provided fields.
+ * Requires the entity to exist (fetched by primary key).
+ *
+ * @param session - The ORM session.
+ * @param entityClass - The entity constructor.
+ * @param payload - The partial payload data for the root entity and its relations.
+ * @param options - Options for the patch operation.
+ * @returns The patched entity instance.
+ */
+export const patchGraphInternal = async <TCtor extends EntityConstructor>(
+  session: OrmSession,
+  entityClass: TCtor,
+  existing: InstanceType<TCtor>,
+  payload: AnyEntity,
+  options: SaveGraphOptions = {}
+): Promise<InstanceType<TCtor>> => {
+  const table = getTableDefFromEntity(entityClass);
+  if (!table) {
+    throw new Error('Entity metadata has not been bootstrapped');
+  }
+
+  await applyGraphToEntity(session, table, existing as AnyEntity, payload, options);
+  return existing;
+};