mediasoup 3.20.3 → 3.20.5

package/worker/test/src/RTC/SCTP/association/TestAssociation.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1755 @@
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/association/Association.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/ErrorCause.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/Packet.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/AbortAssociationChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/CookieAckChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/CookieEchoChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/DataChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/HeartbeatAckChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/HeartbeatRequestChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/IDataChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/InitAckChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/InitChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/OperationErrorChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/SackChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/ShutdownAckChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/ShutdownChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/chunks/ShutdownCompleteChunk.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/errorCauses/UnrecognizedChunkTypeErrorCause.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/packet/parameters/HeartbeatInfoParameter.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/public/Message.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/public/SctpOptions.hpp"
+#include "RTC/SCTP/public/SctpTypes.hpp"
+#include "mocks/include/MockShared.hpp"
+#include "mocks/include/RTC/SCTP/association/MockAssociationListener.hpp"
+#include <array>
+#include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
+#include <span>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace
+{
+	// Initial value of the simulated clock (ms).
+	constexpr uint64_t InitialNowMs{ 1000000 };
+
+	// All backoff timer labels an SCTP association may create. Used by `runTimers()`
+	// to fire whichever timers have expired after advancing time.
+	constexpr std::array<std::string_view, 8> SctpTimerLabels{
+		"sctp-t1-init",     "sctp-t1-cookie",          "sctp-t2-shutdown",       "sctp-t3-rtx",
+		"sctp-delayed-ack", "sctp-heartbeat-interval", "sctp-heartbeat-timeout", "sctp-re-config",
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Builds the default SctpOptions used in tests. Tweaked to make timers
+	 * predictable.
+	 */
+	RTC::SCTP::SctpOptions makeSctpOptions()
+	{
+		RTC::SCTP::SctpOptions sctpOptions;
+
+		// To make the heartbeat interval more predictable in tests.
+		sctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalIncludeRtt = false;
+		sctpOptions.maxBurst                    = 4;
+
+		return sctpOptions;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * An SCTP Association under test, together with its simulated clock and
+	 * listener.
+	 */
+	class AssociationUnderTest
+	{
+	public:
+		/**
+		 * `mayConnectOnReceivedSctpData` defaults to false so that, just like
+		 * dcsctp, the connection is only initiated by explicitly calling `Connect()`.
+		 * In production mediasoup associations auto-initiate the connection upon
+		 * receiving data (both peers are active), but for tests we want to mimic
+		 * dcsctp's asymmetric handshake (one active peer, one passive peer) so that
+		 * packet sequences and counts match.
+		 */
+		explicit AssociationUnderTest(
+		  RTC::SCTP::SctpOptions sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions(),
+		  bool mayConnectOnReceivedSctpData  = false)
+		  // NOTE: The order in which these members are initialized is **critical**.
+		  : sctpOptions(sctpOptions),
+		    shared(/*getTimeMs*/
+		           [this]()
+		           {
+			           return this->nowMs;
+		           }),
+		    association(
+		      this->sctpOptions,
+		      std::addressof(this->listener),
+		      std::addressof(this->shared),
+		      /*isDataChannel*/ true,
+		      mayConnectOnReceivedSctpData)
+		{
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Advances the simulated clock of this association by `incrementMs`.
+		 */
+		void AdvanceTimeMs(uint64_t incrementMs)
+		{
+			this->nowMs += incrementMs;
+		}
+
+	public:
+		uint64_t nowMs{ InitialNowMs };
+		RTC::SCTP::SctpOptions sctpOptions;
+		mocks::RTC::SCTP::MockAssociationListener listener;
+		mocks::MockShared shared;
+		RTC::SCTP::Association association;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Parses a previously consumed sent packet buffer into a `SCTP::Packet`.
+	 */
+	std::unique_ptr<RTC::SCTP::Packet> parsePacket(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer)
+	{
+		return std::unique_ptr<RTC::SCTP::Packet>(RTC::SCTP::Packet::Parse(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if the packet contains a single chunk of the given type.
+	 */
+	template<typename ChunkType>
+	bool packetHasSingleChunkOfType(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer)
+	{
+		const auto packet = parsePacket(buffer);
+
+		return packet && packet->GetChunksCount() == 1 &&
+		       packet->GetFirstChunkOfType<ChunkType>() != nullptr;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if the packet contains a DATA or I-DATA chunk.
+	 */
+	bool packetHasDataChunk(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer)
+	{
+		const auto packet = parsePacket(buffer);
+
+		return packet && (packet->GetFirstChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::DataChunk>() != nullptr ||
+		                  packet->GetFirstChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::IDataChunk>() != nullptr);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Delivers a single sent packet from `from` to `to`. The packet must exist.
+	 */
+	void deliverFirstSentPacket(AssociationUnderTest& from, AssociationUnderTest& to)
+	{
+		const auto buffer = from.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(!buffer.empty());
+
+		to.association.ReceiveSctpData(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Delivers all currently queued packets between `a` and `z` back and forth
+	 * until neither has anything more to send.
+	 */
+	void exchangeMessages(AssociationUnderTest& a, AssociationUnderTest& z)
+	{
+		bool deliveredPacket{ false };
+
+		do
+		{
+			deliveredPacket = false;
+
+			const auto bufferFromA = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+			if (!bufferFromA.empty())
+			{
+				deliveredPacket = true;
+				z.association.ReceiveSctpData(bufferFromA.data(), bufferFromA.size());
+			}
+
+			const auto bufferFromZ = z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+			if (!bufferFromZ.empty())
+			{
+				deliveredPacket = true;
+				a.association.ReceiveSctpData(bufferFromZ.data(), bufferFromZ.size());
+			}
+		} while (deliveredPacket);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Fires every Association backoff timer that has expired, looping until none
+	 * remain expired.
+	 */
+	void runTimers(AssociationUnderTest& s)
+	{
+		bool fired{ false };
+
+		do
+		{
+			fired = false;
+
+			for (const auto label : SctpTimerLabels)
+			{
+				auto* timer = s.shared.GetBackoffTimer(label);
+
+				// NOTE: We must check `IsRunning()` because MockBackoffTimerHandle's
+				// `EvaluateHasExpired()` only compares times. A stopped timer whose
+				// expiry time is in the past would otherwise be fired again and again.
+				if (timer && timer->IsRunning() && timer->EvaluateHasExpired())
+				{
+					fired = true;
+				}
+			}
+		} while (fired);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Advances the simulated clock of both associations by `durationMs` and fires
+	 * any timer that has expired.
+	 */
+	void advanceTimeMs(AssociationUnderTest& a, AssociationUnderTest& z, uint64_t durationMs)
+	{
+		a.AdvanceTimeMs(durationMs);
+		z.AdvanceTimeMs(durationMs);
+
+		runTimers(a);
+		runTimers(z);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls `Connect()` on `a` (the active peer) and drives the handshake to
+	 * completion against `z` (the passive peer).
+	 */
+	void connectAssociations(AssociationUnderTest& a, AssociationUnderTest& z)
+	{
+		a.association.Connect();
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Connects `a` (active) against `z` (passive) and returns `a`'s local
+	 * verification tag, i.e. the tag that the peer must put in packets sent to
+	 * `a`. It's captured from the COOKIE-ACK that `z` sends to `a`, and is needed
+	 * to craft raw packets to be injected into `a`.
+	 */
+	uint32_t connectAndGetVerificationTag(AssociationUnderTest& a, AssociationUnderTest& z)
+	{
+		a.association.Connect();
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		// Z now has a pending COOKIE-ACK destined to A; its verification tag is A's
+		// local verification tag.
+		const auto buffer = z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(!buffer.empty());
+
+		const uint32_t verificationTag = parsePacket(buffer)->GetVerificationTag();
+
+		// Deliver the COOKIE-ACK so the connection is fully established on A.
+		a.association.ReceiveSctpData(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+
+		return verificationTag;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates an empty SCTP packet addressed to a peer, carrying the given
+	 * verification tag. `buffer` must outlive the returned packet, as the packet
+	 * is built in place on it.
+	 */
+	std::unique_ptr<RTC::SCTP::Packet> buildPacket(std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer, uint32_t verificationTag)
+	{
+		std::unique_ptr<RTC::SCTP::Packet> packet(
+		  RTC::SCTP::Packet::Factory(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+		packet->SetSourcePort(5000);
+		packet->SetDestinationPort(5000);
+		packet->SetVerificationTag(verificationTag);
+
+		return packet;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes the packet checksum and injects it into the given association.
+	 */
+	void injectPacket(AssociationUnderTest& target, RTC::SCTP::Packet* packet)
+	{
+		packet->WriteCRC32cChecksum();
+
+		target.association.ReceiveSctpData(packet->GetBuffer(), packet->GetLength());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Enqueues a message to be sent on the given association.
+	 */
+	RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus sendMessage(
+	  AssociationUnderTest& s,
+	  uint16_t streamId,
+	  uint32_t ppid,
+	  std::vector<uint8_t> payload,
+	  const RTC::SCTP::SendMessageOptions& sendMessageOptions = {})
+	{
+		return s.association.SendMessage(
+		  RTC::SCTP::Message(streamId, ppid, std::move(payload)), sendMessageOptions);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Consumes every received message on the given association and returns their
+	 * payload protocol identifiers, in the order they were received.
+	 */
+	std::vector<uint32_t> getReceivedMessagePpids(AssociationUnderTest& s)
+	{
+		std::vector<uint32_t> ppids;
+
+		for (;;)
+		{
+			const auto message = s.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage();
+
+			if (!message.has_value())
+			{
+				break;
+			}
+
+			ppids.push_back(message->GetPayloadProtocolId());
+		}
+
+		return ppids;
+	}
+} // namespace
+
+SCENARIO("SCTP Association", "[sctp][association]")
+{
+	SECTION("establishes connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.IsConnected() == true);
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.IsConnected() == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasRestarted() == false);
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.HasRestarted() == false);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("establishes connection with setup collision")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+		z.association.Connect();
+
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasRestarted() == false);
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.HasRestarted() == false);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("establishes simultaneous connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		// INIT isn't received by Z, as it wasn't ready yet.
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		z.association.Connect();
+
+		// A reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads INIT-ACK, sends COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads COOKIE-ECHO, establishes connection.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+
+		// Proceed with the remaining packets.
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasRestarted() == false);
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.HasRestarted() == false);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("establishes connection with lost COOKIE-ACK")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// COOKIE-ACK is lost.
+		z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTING);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+
+		// This will make A re-send the COOKIE-ECHO.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.t1CookieTimeoutMs);
+
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("resends INIT and establishes connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		// INIT is never received by Z.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::InitChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) == true);
+
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.t1InitTimeoutMs);
+
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("resending INIT too many times aborts")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		// INIT is never received by Z.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::InitChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) == true);
+
+		const auto maxInitRetransmissions = a.sctpOptions.maxInitRetransmissions.value();
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < maxInitRetransmissions; ++i)
+		{
+			advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.t1InitTimeoutMs * (1u << i));
+
+			// INIT is resent.
+			REQUIRE(
+			  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::InitChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) == true);
+		}
+
+		// Another timeout, after the max init retransmits.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.t1InitTimeoutMs * (1u << maxInitRetransmissions));
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasFailed() == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.GetFailedErrorKind() == RTC::SCTP::Types::ErrorKind::TOO_MANY_RETRIES);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("resends COOKIE-ECHO and establishes connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		// COOKIE-ECHO is never received by Z.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::CookieEchoChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) ==
+		  true);
+
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.t1CookieTimeoutMs);
+
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("resending COOKIE-ECHO too many times aborts")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		// COOKIE-ECHO is never received by Z.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::CookieEchoChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) ==
+		  true);
+
+		const auto maxInitRetransmissions = a.sctpOptions.maxInitRetransmissions.value();
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < maxInitRetransmissions; ++i)
+		{
+			advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.t1CookieTimeoutMs * (1u << i));
+
+			// COOKIE-ECHO is resent.
+			REQUIRE(
+			  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::CookieEchoChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) ==
+			  true);
+		}
+
+		// Another timeout, after the max init retransmits.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.t1CookieTimeoutMs * (1u << maxInitRetransmissions));
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasFailed() == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.GetFailedErrorKind() == RTC::SCTP::Types::ErrorKind::TOO_MANY_RETRIES);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("shutting down while establishing connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// Drop COOKIE-ACK, just to more easily verify shutdown protocol.
+		z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		// As Association A has received INIT-ACK, it has a TCB and is connected,
+		// while Association Z needs to receive COOKIE-ECHO to get there. A still
+		// has timers running at this point.
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTING);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+
+		// Association A is now shut down, which should make it stop those timers.
+		a.association.Shutdown();
+
+		// Z reads SHUTDOWN, produces SHUTDOWN-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads SHUTDOWN-ACK, produces SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket().empty() == true);
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket().empty() == true);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("shuts down connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		a.association.Shutdown();
+		// Z reads SHUTDOWN, produces SHUTDOWN-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads SHUTDOWN-ACK, produces SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.IsClosed() == true);
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.IsClosed() == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("shutdown timer expiring too many times closes connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		a.association.Shutdown();
+		// Drop the first SHUTDOWN packet.
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::SHUTTING_DOWN);
+
+		const auto maxRetransmissions = a.sctpOptions.maxRetransmissions.value();
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < maxRetransmissions; ++i)
+		{
+			advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.initialRtoMs * (1u << i));
+
+			// SHUTDOWN is resent (and dropped).
+			REQUIRE(
+			  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::ShutdownChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) ==
+			  true);
+		}
+
+		// The last expiry makes it abort the connection.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.initialRtoMs * (1u << maxRetransmissions));
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.IsClosed() == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.GetClosedErrorKind() == RTC::SCTP::Types::ErrorKind::TOO_MANY_RETRIES);
+		// An ABORT chunk is sent.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::AbortAssociationChunk>(
+		    a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("T2-shutdown timer expiry resends SHUTDOWN-ACK")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		z.association.Shutdown();
+
+		// A receives SHUTDOWN, sends SHUTDOWN-ACK. A is now in SHUTDOWN-ACK-SENT
+		// state.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		// Consume the SHUTDOWN-ACK sent by A (drop it).
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::ShutdownAckChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) ==
+		  true);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::SHUTTING_DOWN);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::SHUTTING_DOWN);
+
+		// Advance time to trigger timer expiry, which makes A resend SHUTDOWN-ACK.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.initialRtoMs);
+
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::ShutdownAckChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) ==
+		  true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("shutdown is ignored in SHUTDOWN-RECEIVED state")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		z.association.Shutdown();
+
+		// A reads SHUTDOWN, produces SHUTDOWN-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::ShutdownAckChunk>(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) ==
+		  true);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::SHUTTING_DOWN);
+
+		// Second shutdown while already shutting down, must be ignored.
+		a.association.Shutdown();
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket().empty() == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("shutdown is ignored in SHUTDOWN-PENDING state")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		// Send a message that will remain outstanding (unacknowledged) which
+		// transitions the association to SHUTDOWN-PENDING instead of SHUTDOWN-SENT.
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, { 1, 2 });
+		a.association.Shutdown();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasDataChunk(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::SHUTTING_DOWN);
+
+		// Second shutdown while already shutting down, must be ignored.
+		a.association.Shutdown();
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket().empty() == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("establishes connection while sending data")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, { 1, 2 });
+
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+
+		// Deliver the remaining packets so that the message reaches Z.
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		const auto message = z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage();
+
+		REQUIRE(message.has_value() == true);
+		REQUIRE(message->GetStreamId() == 1);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("sends a message after established")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, { 1, 2 });
+		// Z reads the DATA chunk.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		const auto message = z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage();
+
+		REQUIRE(message.has_value() == true);
+		REQUIRE(message->GetStreamId() == 1);
+		REQUIRE(message->GetPayloadProtocolId() == 53);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("resends a packet when the T3-RTX timer expires")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, { 1, 2 });
+		// Drop the first DATA packet.
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		// Advance time so that the T3-RTX timer expires and the DATA is resent.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.initialRtoMs);
+
+		// Z reads the retransmitted DATA chunk.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		const auto message = z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage();
+
+		REQUIRE(message.has_value() == true);
+		REQUIRE(message->GetStreamId() == 1);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("sends a lot of bytes with a missed packet")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		const std::vector<uint8_t> payload(a.sctpOptions.mtu * 20);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, payload);
+
+		// Z reads the first DATA.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// Second DATA is lost.
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		// Retransmit and handle the rest.
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		const auto message = z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage();
+
+		REQUIRE(message.has_value() == true);
+		REQUIRE(message->GetStreamId() == 1);
+		REQUIRE(message->GetPayloadLength() == payload.size());
+	}
+
+	SECTION("sends a heartbeat on idle connection")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket().empty() == true);
+
+		// Let the heartbeat interval timer expire.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs);
+
+		const auto buffer = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatRequestChunk>(buffer) == true);
+
+		// Feed it to Z and expect a HEARTBEAT-ACK that is propagated back to A.
+		z.association.ReceiveSctpData(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("sends many messages")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		constexpr int Iterations{ 100 };
+
+		std::vector<RTC::SCTP::Message> messages;
+
+		messages.reserve(Iterations);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; ++i)
+		{
+			messages.emplace_back(/*streamId*/ 1, /*ppid*/ 53, std::vector<uint8_t>{ 1, 2 });
+		}
+
+		const auto statuses = a.association.SendManyMessages(messages, /*sendMessageOptions*/ {});
+
+		REQUIRE(statuses.size() == Iterations);
+
+		for (const auto status : statuses)
+		{
+			REQUIRE(status == RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus::SUCCESS);
+		}
+
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; ++i)
+		{
+			REQUIRE(z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage().has_value() == true);
+		}
+
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage().has_value() == false);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("initial metrics are unset")
+	{
+		const AssociationUnderTest a;
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics().has_value() == false);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("message interleaving metrics are set")
+	{
+		for (const bool aEnable : { false, true })
+		{
+			for (const bool zEnable : { false, true })
+			{
+				auto aSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+				aSctpOptions.enableMessageInterleaving = aEnable;
+
+				auto zSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+				zSctpOptions.enableMessageInterleaving = zEnable;
+
+				AssociationUnderTest a(aSctpOptions);
+				AssociationUnderTest z(zSctpOptions);
+
+				connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+				REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->usesMessageInterleaving == (aEnable && zEnable));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	SECTION("rx and tx packet metrics increase")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		// A sent INIT and COOKIE-ECHO, received INIT-ACK and COOKIE-ACK.
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->txPacketsCount == 2);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->rxPacketsCount == 2);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->txMessagesCount == 0);
+		REQUIRE(
+		  a.association.MakeMetrics()->cwndBytes == a.sctpOptions.initialCwndMtus * a.sctpOptions.mtu);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->unackDataCount == 0);
+
+		REQUIRE(z.association.MakeMetrics()->rxPacketsCount == 2);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.MakeMetrics()->rxMessagesCount == 0);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, { 1, 2 });
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->unackDataCount == 1);
+
+		// Z reads DATA.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads SACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->unackDataCount == 0);
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage().has_value() == true);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->txPacketsCount == 3);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->rxPacketsCount == 3);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.MakeMetrics()->txMessagesCount == 1);
+
+		REQUIRE(z.association.MakeMetrics()->rxPacketsCount == 3);
+		REQUIRE(z.association.MakeMetrics()->rxMessagesCount == 1);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("streams have initial priority")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.defaultStreamPriority = 42;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamPriority(1) == 42);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 53, { 1, 2 });
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamPriority(2) == 42);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("can change stream priority")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.defaultStreamPriority = 42;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(1, 43);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamPriority(1) == 43);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 53, { 1, 2 });
+
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(2, 43);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamPriority(2) == 43);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("respects the per-stream queue limit")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.maxSendBufferSize       = 4000;
+		sctpOptions.perStreamSendQueueLimit = 1000;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+
+		REQUIRE(
+		  sendMessage(a, 1, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(600)) ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus::SUCCESS);
+		REQUIRE(
+		  sendMessage(a, 1, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(600)) ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus::SUCCESS);
+		REQUIRE(
+		  sendMessage(a, 1, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(600)) ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus::ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTION);
+		// The per-stream limit for stream 1 is reached, but not for stream 2.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  sendMessage(a, 2, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(600)) ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus::SUCCESS);
+		REQUIRE(
+		  sendMessage(a, 2, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(600)) ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus::SUCCESS);
+		REQUIRE(
+		  sendMessage(a, 2, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(600)) ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SendMessageStatus::ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTION);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("has reasonable buffered amount values")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamBufferedAmount(1) == 0);
+
+		// Sending a small message will directly send it as a single packet, so
+		// nothing is left in the queue.
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamBufferedAmount(1) == 0);
+
+		// Sending a large message will directly start sending a few packets, so the
+		// buffered amount is not the full message size.
+		const size_t largeSize = a.sctpOptions.mtu * 20;
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamBufferedAmount(1) > 0);
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamBufferedAmount(1) < largeSize);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("has a default buffered amount low threshold of zero")
+	{
+		const AssociationUnderTest a;
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetStreamBufferedAmountLowThreshold(1) == 0);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("triggers OnAssociationStreamBufferedAmountLow with default threshold zero")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnStreamBufferedAmountLowBeenCalledWithStreamId(1) == false);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnStreamBufferedAmountLowBeenCalledWithStreamId(1) == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("detects the peer implementation")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		// Both peers are mediasoup.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  a.association.MakeMetrics()->peerImplementation ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SctpImplementation::MEDIASOUP);
+		// As A initiated the connection establishment, the passive peer Z will not
+		// receive enough information to know about A's implementation.
+		REQUIRE(
+		  z.association.MakeMetrics()->peerImplementation ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SctpImplementation::UNKNOWN);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("both peers detect the peer implementation")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+		z.association.Connect();
+
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(
+		  a.association.MakeMetrics()->peerImplementation ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SctpImplementation::MEDIASOUP);
+		REQUIRE(
+		  z.association.MakeMetrics()->peerImplementation ==
+		  RTC::SCTP::Types::SctpImplementation::MEDIASOUP);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("exposes the number of negotiated streams")
+	{
+		auto aSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		aSctpOptions.announcedMaxInboundStreams  = 12;
+		aSctpOptions.announcedMaxOutboundStreams = 45;
+
+		auto zSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		zSctpOptions.announcedMaxInboundStreams  = 23;
+		zSctpOptions.announcedMaxOutboundStreams = 34;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(aSctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(zSctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		const auto metricsA = a.association.MakeMetrics();
+
+		REQUIRE(metricsA->negotiatedMaxInboundStreams == 12);
+		REQUIRE(metricsA->negotiatedMaxOutboundStreams == 23);
+
+		const auto metricsZ = z.association.MakeMetrics();
+
+		REQUIRE(metricsZ->negotiatedMaxInboundStreams == 23);
+		REQUIRE(metricsZ->negotiatedMaxOutboundStreams == 12);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("always sends INIT with non-zero checksum")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.zeroChecksumAlternateErrorDetectionMethod =
+		  RTC::SCTP::ZeroChecksumAcceptableParameter::AlternateErrorDetectionMethod::SCTP_OVER_DTLS;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+
+		const auto buffer = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::InitChunk>(buffer) == true);
+		REQUIRE(parsePacket(buffer)->GetChecksum() != 0);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("may send INIT-ACK with zero checksum")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.zeroChecksumAlternateErrorDetectionMethod =
+		  RTC::SCTP::ZeroChecksumAcceptableParameter::AlternateErrorDetectionMethod::SCTP_OVER_DTLS;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(sctpOptions);
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		const auto buffer = z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::InitAckChunk>(buffer) == true);
+		REQUIRE(parsePacket(buffer)->GetChecksum() == 0);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("always sends COOKIE-ECHO with non-zero checksum")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.zeroChecksumAlternateErrorDetectionMethod =
+		  RTC::SCTP::ZeroChecksumAcceptableParameter::AlternateErrorDetectionMethod::SCTP_OVER_DTLS;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(sctpOptions);
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		const auto buffer = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::CookieEchoChunk>(buffer) == true);
+		REQUIRE(parsePacket(buffer)->GetChecksum() != 0);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("sends COOKIE-ACK with zero checksum")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.zeroChecksumAlternateErrorDetectionMethod =
+		  RTC::SCTP::ZeroChecksumAcceptableParameter::AlternateErrorDetectionMethod::SCTP_OVER_DTLS;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(sctpOptions);
+
+		a.association.Connect();
+		// Z reads INIT, produces INIT-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// A reads INIT-ACK, produces COOKIE-ECHO.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+		// Z reads COOKIE-ECHO, produces COOKIE-ACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		const auto buffer = z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::CookieAckChunk>(buffer) == true);
+		REQUIRE(parsePacket(buffer)->GetChecksum() == 0);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("sends DATA with zero checksum")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.zeroChecksumAlternateErrorDetectionMethod =
+		  RTC::SCTP::ZeroChecksumAcceptableParameter::AlternateErrorDetectionMethod::SCTP_OVER_DTLS;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(sctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, std::vector<uint8_t>(a.sctpOptions.mtu - 100));
+
+		const auto buffer = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasDataChunk(buffer) == true);
+		REQUIRE(parsePacket(buffer)->GetChecksum() == 0);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("both sides send heartbeats")
+	{
+		// Make them have slightly different heartbeat intervals, to validate that
+		// sending an ack by Z doesn't restart its heartbeat timer.
+		auto aSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		aSctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs = 1000;
+
+		auto zSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		zSctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs = 1100;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(aSctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(zSctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, 1000);
+
+		const auto bufferA = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatRequestChunk>(bufferA) == true);
+
+		// Z receives the heartbeat and sends an ACK that is propagated back to A.
+		z.association.ReceiveSctpData(bufferA.data(), bufferA.size());
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		// A little while later, Z should send heartbeats to A.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, 100);
+
+		const auto bufferZ = z.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatRequestChunk>(bufferZ) == true);
+
+		// A receives the heartbeat and sends an ACK that is propagated back to Z.
+		a.association.ReceiveSctpData(bufferZ.data(), bufferZ.size());
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("closes connection after too many lost heartbeats")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		// Disable Z's heartbeats so that it doesn't interfere.
+		auto zSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		zSctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs = 0;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest z(zSctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket().empty() == true);
+
+		const auto maxRetransmissions = a.sctpOptions.maxRetransmissions.value();
+
+		uint64_t timeToNextHeartbeatMs = a.sctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs;
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < maxRetransmissions; ++i)
+		{
+			// Let the heartbeat interval timer expire, sending a heartbeat.
+			advanceTimeMs(a, z, timeToNextHeartbeatMs);
+
+			// Drop every heartbeat.
+			REQUIRE(
+			  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatRequestChunk>(
+			    a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) == true);
+
+			// Let the heartbeat timeout expire.
+			advanceTimeMs(a, z, 1000);
+
+			timeToNextHeartbeatMs = a.sctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs - 1000;
+		}
+
+		// The last heartbeat.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, timeToNextHeartbeatMs);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasSentPackets() == true);
+
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		// Should suffice as exceeding RTO, which aborts the connection.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, 1000);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CLOSED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.IsClosed() == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.GetClosedErrorKind() == RTC::SCTP::Types::ErrorKind::TOO_MANY_RETRIES);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("recovers after a successful heartbeat ack")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		// Disable Z's heartbeats so that it doesn't interfere.
+		auto zSctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		zSctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs = 0;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest z(zSctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket().empty() == true);
+
+		const auto maxRetransmissions = a.sctpOptions.maxRetransmissions.value();
+
+		uint64_t timeToNextHeartbeatMs = a.sctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs;
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < maxRetransmissions; ++i)
+		{
+			advanceTimeMs(a, z, timeToNextHeartbeatMs);
+
+			// Drop every heartbeat.
+			a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+			// Let the heartbeat timeout expire.
+			advanceTimeMs(a, z, 1000);
+
+			timeToNextHeartbeatMs = a.sctpOptions.heartbeatIntervalMs - 1000;
+		}
+
+		// Get the last heartbeat and ack it (round trip through Z).
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, timeToNextHeartbeatMs);
+
+		const auto buffer = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		REQUIRE(packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatRequestChunk>(buffer) == true);
+
+		z.association.ReceiveSctpData(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+		// A reads the HEARTBEAT-ACK, which clears the error counter.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		// Should suffice as exceeding RTO, but the timer will not fire as it was
+		// stopped by the ack.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, 1000);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.GetAssociationState() == RTC::SCTP::Types::AssociationState::CONNECTED);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.IsClosed() == false);
+
+		// Verify that we get new heartbeats again.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, timeToNextHeartbeatMs);
+
+		REQUIRE(
+		  packetHasSingleChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatRequestChunk>(
+		    a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket()) == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("resets a stream")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, { 1, 2 });
+		// Z reads the DATA chunk.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.ConsumeFirstReceivedMessage().has_value() == true);
+
+		// A reads the SACK.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		// Reset the outgoing stream. This will directly send a RE-CONFIG.
+		const std::vector<uint16_t> streamIds{ 1 };
+
+		REQUIRE(a.association.ResetStreams(streamIds) == RTC::SCTP::Types::ResetStreamsStatus::PERFORMED);
+
+		// Z reads the RE-CONFIG, which triggers OnAssociationInboundStreamsReset and
+		// sends a RE-CONFIG response.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(z.listener.HasInboundStreamsResetForStreamId(1) == true);
+
+		// A reads the response, which triggers OnAssociationStreamsResetPerformed.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(z, a);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasStreamsResetPerformedForStreamId(1) == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("small messages with priority arrive in a specific order")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(1, 700);
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(2, 200);
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(3, 100);
+
+		// Enqueue messages before connecting, to ensure they aren't sent as soon as
+		// sendMessage() is called.
+		sendMessage(a, 3, 301, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 101, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 201, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 102, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 103, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z) == std::vector<uint32_t>{ 101, 102, 103, 201, 301 });
+	}
+
+	SECTION("large messages with priority arrive in a specific order")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		const size_t largeSize = a.sctpOptions.mtu * 20;
+
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(1, 700);
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(2, 200);
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(3, 100);
+
+		// Enqueue messages before connecting, to ensure they aren't sent as soon as
+		// sendMessage() is called.
+		sendMessage(a, 3, 301, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 101, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 201, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 102, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z) == std::vector<uint32_t>{ 101, 102, 201, 301 });
+	}
+
+	SECTION("a higher priority message interrupts a lower priority message")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		const size_t largeSize = a.sctpOptions.mtu * 20;
+
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(2, 128);
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 201, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+
+		// Due to a non-zero initial congestion window, the message will already
+		// start to send, but will not be sent completely. Now enqueue two messages
+		// on a higher priority stream: one small and one large.
+		a.association.SetStreamPriority(1, 512);
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 101, std::vector<uint8_t>(10));
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 102, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z) == std::vector<uint32_t>{ 101, 102, 201 });
+	}
+
+	SECTION("lifecycle events are generated for acked messages")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		const size_t largeSize = a.sctpOptions.mtu * 20;
+
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 101, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize), { .lifecycleId = 41 });
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 102, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize));
+		sendMessage(a, 2, 103, std::vector<uint8_t>(largeSize), { .lifecycleId = 42 });
+
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+		// In case of delayed ack.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.delayedAckMaxTimeoutMs);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageDeliveredBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(41) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageEndBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(41) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageDeliveredBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(42) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageEndBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(42) == true);
+
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z) == std::vector<uint32_t>{ 101, 102, 103 });
+	}
+
+	SECTION("lifecycle events for an expired message with a lifetime limit")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		// Send it before the association is connected, to prevent it from being
+		// sent too quickly. The idea is that it should be expired before even
+		// attempting to send it in full.
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 51, std::vector<uint8_t>(10), { .lifetimeMs = 100, .lifecycleId = 1 });
+
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, 200);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(
+		  a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageExpiredSentBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(
+		    1, /*maybeDelivered*/ false) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageEndBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(1) == true);
+
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z).empty() == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("responds with an error to an unknown chunk")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		const uint32_t verificationTag = connectAndGetVerificationTag(a, z);
+
+		std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(a.sctpOptions.mtu);
+
+		const auto packet = buildPacket(buffer, verificationTag);
+
+		// Build a 4-byte chunk and patch its type to an unknown value (0x49), whose
+		// top two bits (01) request the receiver to skip it and report an error.
+		auto* cookieAckChunk = packet->BuildChunkInPlace<RTC::SCTP::CookieAckChunk>();
+
+		cookieAckChunk->Consolidate();
+
+		const_cast<uint8_t*>(packet->GetBuffer())[12] = 0x49;
+
+		injectPacket(a, packet.get());
+
+		// A replies with an OPERATION-ERROR chunk carrying an Unrecognized Chunk
+		// Type error cause.
+		const auto buffer2     = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+		const auto replyPacket = parsePacket(buffer2);
+
+		REQUIRE(replyPacket);
+
+		const auto* operationErrorChunk =
+		  replyPacket->GetFirstChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::OperationErrorChunk>();
+
+		REQUIRE(operationErrorChunk);
+
+		const auto* errorCause = operationErrorChunk->GetErrorCauseAt(0);
+
+		REQUIRE(errorCause);
+		REQUIRE(errorCause->GetCode() == RTC::SCTP::ErrorCause::ErrorCauseCode::UNRECOGNIZED_CHUNK_TYPE);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("reports a received error chunk as a callback")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		const uint32_t verificationTag = connectAndGetVerificationTag(a, z);
+
+		std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(a.sctpOptions.mtu);
+
+		const auto packet = buildPacket(buffer, verificationTag);
+
+		auto* operationErrorChunk = packet->BuildChunkInPlace<RTC::SCTP::OperationErrorChunk>();
+		auto* unrecognizedChunkTypeErrorCause =
+		  operationErrorChunk->BuildErrorCauseInPlace<RTC::SCTP::UnrecognizedChunkTypeErrorCause>();
+
+		const uint8_t unknownChunk[]{ 0x49, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04 };
+
+		unrecognizedChunkTypeErrorCause->SetUnrecognizedChunk(unknownChunk, sizeof(unknownChunk));
+		unrecognizedChunkTypeErrorCause->Consolidate();
+		operationErrorChunk->Consolidate();
+
+		injectPacket(a, packet.get());
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasErrored() == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.GetErroredErrorKind() == RTC::SCTP::Types::ErrorKind::PEER_REPORTED);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("answers a heartbeat request with an ack")
+	{
+		AssociationUnderTest a;
+		AssociationUnderTest z;
+
+		const uint32_t verificationTag = connectAndGetVerificationTag(a, z);
+
+		std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(a.sctpOptions.mtu);
+
+		const auto packet = buildPacket(buffer, verificationTag);
+
+		auto* heartbeatRequestChunk = packet->BuildChunkInPlace<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatRequestChunk>();
+		auto* heartbeatInfoParameter =
+		  heartbeatRequestChunk->BuildParameterInPlace<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatInfoParameter>();
+
+		const uint8_t info[]{ 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+
+		heartbeatInfoParameter->SetInfo(info, sizeof(info));
+		heartbeatInfoParameter->Consolidate();
+		heartbeatRequestChunk->Consolidate();
+
+		injectPacket(a, packet.get());
+
+		// A replies with a HEARTBEAT-ACK chunk echoing the Heartbeat Info.
+		const auto buffer2     = a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+		const auto replyPacket = parsePacket(buffer2);
+
+		REQUIRE(replyPacket);
+
+		const auto* heartbeatAckChunk = replyPacket->GetFirstChunkOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatAckChunk>();
+
+		REQUIRE(heartbeatAckChunk);
+
+		const auto* replyInfoParameter =
+		  heartbeatAckChunk->GetFirstParameterOfType<RTC::SCTP::HeartbeatInfoParameter>();
+
+		REQUIRE(replyInfoParameter);
+		REQUIRE(replyInfoParameter->HasInfo() == true);
+	}
+
+	SECTION("sends a message with limited retransmissions")
+	{
+		// Disable message interleaving so that ordered DATA chunks (with SSN) are
+		// used.
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.enableMessageInterleaving = false;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(sctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		RTC::SCTP::SendMessageOptions sendMessageOptions;
+
+		sendMessageOptions.maxRetransmissions = 0;
+
+		const std::vector<uint8_t> payload(a.sctpOptions.mtu - 100);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 51, payload, sendMessageOptions);
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 52, payload, sendMessageOptions);
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, payload, sendMessageOptions);
+
+		// Z reads the first DATA.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// Second DATA is lost.
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+		// Z reads the third DATA.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+
+		// Let everything settle: the missing chunk will be nacked, and only after
+		// the t3-rtx timer expires will it be marked for retransmission and then,
+		// since it has no retransmissions left, abandoned (triggering a FORWARD-TSN).
+		// We exchange packets and advance timers (delayed ack and RTO) until there's
+		// nothing more to do, instead of asserting the exact intermediate sequence.
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.delayedAckMaxTimeoutMs);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.initialRtoMs);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.delayedAckMaxTimeoutMs);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		// The first and third messages are delivered; the second one is abandoned.
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z) == std::vector<uint32_t>{ 51, 53 });
+	}
+
+	SECTION("lifecycle events for fail on max retransmissions")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.enableMessageInterleaving = false;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(sctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		const std::vector<uint8_t> payload(a.sctpOptions.mtu - 100);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 51, payload, { .maxRetransmissions = 0, .lifecycleId = 1 });
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 52, payload, { .maxRetransmissions = 0, .lifecycleId = 2 });
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 53, payload, { .maxRetransmissions = 0, .lifecycleId = 3 });
+
+		// Z reads the first DATA.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// Second DATA is lost.
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		// Handle the delayed SACK.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.delayedAckMaxTimeoutMs);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		// The chunk is now nacked. Let the RTO expire to discard the message.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.initialRtoMs);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		// Handle the delayed SACK.
+		advanceTimeMs(a, z, a.sctpOptions.delayedAckMaxTimeoutMs);
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageDeliveredBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(1) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageEndBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(1) == true);
+		REQUIRE(
+		  a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageExpiredSentBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(
+		    2, /*maybeDelivered*/ true) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageEndBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(2) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageDeliveredBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(3) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageEndBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(3) == true);
+
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z) == std::vector<uint32_t>{ 51, 53 });
+	}
+
+	SECTION("lifecycle events for an expired message with a retransmit limit")
+	{
+		auto sctpOptions = makeSctpOptions();
+
+		sctpOptions.enableMessageInterleaving = false;
+
+		AssociationUnderTest a(sctpOptions);
+		AssociationUnderTest z(sctpOptions);
+
+		connectAssociations(a, z);
+
+		// Will not be able to send it in full within the congestion window, so it
+		// will need SACKs to be received for more fragments to be sent.
+		const std::vector<uint8_t> payload(a.sctpOptions.mtu * 20);
+
+		sendMessage(a, 1, 51, payload, { .maxRetransmissions = 0, .lifecycleId = 1 });
+
+		// Z reads the first DATA.
+		deliverFirstSentPacket(a, z);
+		// Second DATA is lost.
+		a.listener.ConsumeFirstSentPacket();
+
+		exchangeMessages(a, z);
+
+		REQUIRE(
+		  a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageExpiredSentBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(
+		    1, /*maybeDelivered*/ false) == true);
+		REQUIRE(a.listener.HasOnAssociationLifecycleMessageEndBeenCalledWithLifecycleId(1) == true);
+
+		REQUIRE(getReceivedMessagePpids(z).empty() == true);
+	}
+}