mediabunny 1.55.7 → 1.56.0

package/dist/bundles/mediabunny.cjs

@@ -259,6 +259,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
   var isU32 = (value) => {
     return value >= 0 && value < 2 ** 32;
   };
+  var isI32 = (value) => {
+    return value >= -(2 ** 31) && value < 2 ** 31;
+  };
   var readExpGolomb = (bitstream) => {
     let leadingZeroBits = 0;
     while (bitstream.readBits(1) === 0 && leadingZeroBits < 32) {
@@ -570,6 +573,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
   var lerp = (from, to, t) => {
     return from + (to - from) * t;
   };
+  var modEuclid = (value, modulus) => {
+    return value - Math.floor(value / modulus) * modulus;
+  };
   var UNDETERMINED_LANGUAGE = "und";
   var roundIfAlmostInteger = (value) => {
     const rounded = Math.round(value);
@@ -6657,9 +6663,6 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
               const segmentDuration = version === 1 ? readU64Be(slice) : readU32Be(slice);
               const mediaTime = version === 1 ? readI64Be(slice) : readI32Be(slice);
               const mediaRate = readFixed_16_16(slice);
-              if (segmentDuration === 0) {
-                continue;
-              }
               if (relevantEntryFound) {
                 Logging._warn(
                   "Unsupported edit list: multiple edits are not currently supported. Only using first edit."
@@ -11321,6 +11324,22 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         }
       }
     }
+    async getDurationFromMetadata(segment) {
+      if (segment.duration <= 0) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      let minTimestamp = null;
+      for (const track of segment.tracks) {
+        assert(track.trackBacking);
+        const firstPacket = await track.trackBacking.getFirstPacket({ metadataOnly: true });
+        if (firstPacket) {
+          minTimestamp = Math.min(minTimestamp ?? Infinity, firstPacket.timestamp);
+        }
+      }
+      let endTimestamp = segment.duration / segment.timestampFactor;
+      endTimestamp += minTimestamp ?? 0;
+      return endTimestamp;
+    }
   };
   var MatroskaTrackBacking = class {
     constructor(internalTrack) {
@@ -11380,14 +11399,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       return null;
     }
     async getDurationFromMetadata() {
-      const segment = this.internalTrack.segment;
-      if (segment.duration <= 0) {
-        return null;
-      }
-      let endTimestamp = segment.duration / segment.timestampFactor;
-      const firstPacket = await this.getFirstPacket({ metadataOnly: true });
-      endTimestamp += firstPacket?.timestamp ?? 0;
-      return endTimestamp;
+      return this.internalTrack.demuxer.getDurationFromMetadata(this.internalTrack.segment);
     }
     async getLiveRefreshInterval() {
       return null;
@@ -14474,6 +14486,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
 
   // src/mpeg-ts/mpeg-ts-misc.ts
   var TIMESCALE = 9e4;
+  var TIMESTAMP_MODULUS = 2 ** 33;
   var TS_PACKET_SIZE = 188;
   var buildMpegTsMimeType = (codecStrings) => {
     let string = "video/MP2T";
@@ -14508,6 +14521,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       this.seekChunkSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
       // 5 MiB, picked because most HLS segments are below this size
       this.minReferencePointByteDistance = -1;
+      this.timestampWrapInfo = null;
       this.reader = input._reader;
     }
     async readMetadata() {
@@ -14765,7 +14779,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
             const elementaryStream = this.elementaryStreams.find((x) => x.pid === section.pid);
             outer:
               if (elementaryStream && !elementaryStream.initialized) {
-                const pesPacket = readPesPacket(section, true);
+                const pesPacket = readPesPacket(this, section, true);
                 if (!pesPacket) {
                   throw new Error(
                     `Couldn't read first PES packet for Elementary Stream with PID ${elementaryStream.pid}`
@@ -15160,8 +15174,22 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         body: bytes2.subarray(4)
       };
     }
+    normalizeTimestamp(timestamp) {
+      if (!this.timestampWrapInfo) {
+        const tolerance = 60 * TIMESCALE;
+        this.timestampWrapInfo = {
+          reference: timestamp - tolerance,
+          offset: timestamp >= TIMESTAMP_MODULUS - tolerance ? -TIMESTAMP_MODULUS : TIMESTAMP_MODULUS
+        };
+      }
+      const { reference, offset } = this.timestampWrapInfo;
+      if (offset < 0 && timestamp >= reference || offset > 0 && timestamp < reference) {
+        return timestamp + offset;
+      }
+      return timestamp;
+    }
   };
-  var readPesPacketHeader = (section, expectPts) => {
+  var readPesPacketHeader = (demuxer, section, expectPts) => {
     if (section.payload.byteLength < 3) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -15187,6 +15215,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       pts += bitstream.readBits(15) * (1 << 15);
       bitstream.skipBits(1);
       pts += bitstream.readBits(15);
+      pts = demuxer.normalizeTimestamp(pts);
     } else {
       if (expectPts) {
         throw new Error(MISSING_PTS_ERROR_MESSAGE);
@@ -15199,9 +15228,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       randomAccessIndicator: section.randomAccessIndicator
     };
   };
-  var readPesPacket = (section, expectPts) => {
+  var readPesPacket = (demuxer, section, expectPts) => {
     assert(section.endPos !== null);
-    const header = readPesPacketHeader(section, expectPts);
+    const header = readPesPacketHeader(demuxer, section, expectPts);
     if (!header) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -15313,7 +15342,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
     async getFirstPacket(options) {
       const section = this.elementaryStream.firstSection;
       assert(section);
-      const pesPacket = readPesPacket(section, true);
+      const pesPacket = readPesPacket(this.elementaryStream.demuxer, section, true);
       assert(pesPacket);
       const context = new PacketReadingContext(this.elementaryStream, pesPacket);
       const buffer = new PacketBuffer(this, context);
@@ -15346,7 +15375,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       const demuxer = this.elementaryStream.demuxer;
       const section = await demuxer.readSection(sectionStartPos, true);
       assert(section);
-      const pesPacket = readPesPacket(section, true);
+      const pesPacket = readPesPacket(demuxer, section, true);
       assert(pesPacket);
       const context = new PacketReadingContext(this.elementaryStream, pesPacket);
       buffer = new PacketBuffer(this, context);
@@ -15404,7 +15433,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
             if (!section) {
               return null;
             }
-            const pesPacketHeader = readPesPacketHeader(section, false);
+            const pesPacketHeader = readPesPacketHeader(demuxer, section, false);
             if (pesPacketHeader && pesPacketHeader.pts !== null) {
               return {
                 pesPacketHeader,
@@ -15418,7 +15447,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       };
       const firstSection = this.elementaryStream.firstSection;
       assert(firstSection);
-      const firstPesPacketHeader = readPesPacketHeader(firstSection, true);
+      const firstPesPacketHeader = readPesPacketHeader(demuxer, firstSection, true);
       assert(firstPesPacketHeader);
       if (searchPts < firstPesPacketHeader.pts) {
         return null;
@@ -15473,7 +15502,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       const retrieveEncodedPacket = async (sectionStartPos, predicate) => {
         const section = await demuxer.readSection(sectionStartPos, true);
         assert(section);
-        const pesPacket = readPesPacket(section, true);
+        const pesPacket = readPesPacket(demuxer, section, true);
         assert(pesPacket);
         const context = new PacketReadingContext(this.elementaryStream, pesPacket);
         const buffer = new PacketBuffer(this, context);
@@ -15516,7 +15545,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
               if (packetHeader.pid === pid && packetHeader.payloadUnitStartIndicator === 1) {
                 const section = await demuxer.readSection(currentPos, false);
                 if (section) {
-                  const nextPesHeader = readPesPacketHeader(section, false);
+                  const nextPesHeader = readPesPacketHeader(demuxer, section, false);
                   if (nextPesHeader && nextPesHeader.pts !== null) {
                     if (nextPesHeader.pts > searchPts) {
                       break outer;
@@ -15541,7 +15570,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
               if (packetHeader.pid === pid && packetHeader.payloadUnitStartIndicator === 1) {
                 const section = await demuxer.readSection(pos, false);
                 if (section) {
-                  const header = readPesPacketHeader(section, false);
+                  const header = readPesPacketHeader(demuxer, section, false);
                   if (header && header.pts !== null) {
                     currentPesHeader = header;
                     break;
@@ -15586,7 +15615,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
                   isKeyPacket = pesHeader.randomAccessIndicator === 1;
                 } else {
                   assert(pesHeaderSection);
-                  const pesPacket = readPesPacket(pesHeaderSection, true);
+                  const pesPacket = readPesPacket(demuxer, pesHeaderSection, true);
                   assert(pesPacket);
                   const context = new PacketReadingContext(this.elementaryStream, pesPacket);
                   await context.markNextPacket();
@@ -15614,7 +15643,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
                 if (packetHeader.pid === pid && packetHeader.payloadUnitStartIndicator === 1) {
                   const section = await demuxer.readSection(currentPos, readSectionsInFull);
                   if (section) {
-                    const nextPesHeader = readPesPacketHeader(section, false);
+                    const nextPesHeader = readPesPacketHeader(demuxer, section, false);
                     if (nextPesHeader && nextPesHeader.pts !== null) {
                       pesHeader = nextPesHeader;
                       pesHeaderSection = section;
@@ -15640,7 +15669,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
                     if (packetHeader.pid === pid && packetHeader.payloadUnitStartIndicator === 1) {
                       const section = await demuxer.readSection(pos, readSectionsInFull);
                       if (section) {
-                        const header = readPesPacketHeader(section, false);
+                        const header = readPesPacketHeader(demuxer, section, false);
                         if (header && header.pts !== null) {
                           startPesHeader = header;
                           break;
@@ -15812,7 +15841,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
               if (!nextSection) {
                 return;
               }
-              const nextPesPacket = readPesPacket(nextSection, false);
+              const nextPesPacket = readPesPacket(this.demuxer, nextSection, false);
               if (nextPesPacket) {
                 pesPacket = nextPesPacket;
                 break;
@@ -17084,6 +17113,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       if (options.useStreamReader !== void 0 && typeof options.useStreamReader !== "boolean") {
         throw new TypeError("options.useStreamReader, when provided, must be a boolean.");
       }
+      if (options.handleUnhandledError !== void 0 && typeof options.handleUnhandledError !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("options.handleUnhandledError, when provided, must be a function.");
+      }
       super();
       /** @internal */
       this._readers = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
@@ -17102,7 +17134,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
             });
           }
         },
-        prefetchProfile: PREFETCH_PROFILES.fileSystem
+        prefetchProfile: PREFETCH_PROFILES.fileSystem,
+        handleUnhandledError: options.handleUnhandledError
       });
       this._orchestrator.fileSize = blob.size;
     }
@@ -17210,6 +17243,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       if (options.fetchFn !== void 0 && typeof options.fetchFn !== "function") {
         throw new TypeError("options.fetchFn, when provided, must be a function.");
       }
+      if (options.handleUnhandledError !== void 0 && typeof options.handleUnhandledError !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("options.handleUnhandledError, when provided, must be a function.");
+      }
       const urlString = url2 instanceof Request ? url2.url : url2 instanceof URL ? url2.href : url2;
       super(
         urlString,
@@ -17266,7 +17302,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         maxCacheSize: options.maxCacheSize ?? 64 * 2 ** 20,
         maxWorkerCount: options.parallelism ?? DEFAULT_PARALLELISM,
         runWorker: this._runWorker.bind(this),
-        prefetchProfile: PREFETCH_PROFILES.network
+        prefetchProfile: PREFETCH_PROFILES.network,
+        handleUnhandledError: options.handleUnhandledError
       });
     }
     /** @internal */
@@ -17329,7 +17366,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
           this.rootPath = response.url;
         }
         outer:
-          if (this._orchestrator.fileSize === null) {
+          if (this._orchestrator.fileSize === null && (response.status === 206 || response.type === "basic" && !response.headers.has("Content-Encoding"))) {
             const contentRange = response.headers.get("Content-Range");
             if (contentRange) {
               const match = /\/(\d+)/.exec(contentRange);
@@ -17485,7 +17522,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         cancel: () => currentReader.cancel()
       });
       const backing = new ReadableStreamSource(wrappedStream, {
-        maxCacheSize: this._orchestrator.options.maxCacheSize
+        maxCacheSize: this._orchestrator.options.maxCacheSize,
+        handleUnhandledError: this._options.handleUnhandledError
       });
       backing._endIndex = this._orchestrator.fileSize;
       backing._cacheMissErrorMessage = "Attempted to read data from an already-evicted part of the cache. Because the HTTP server did not honor the range request, data can only be read sequentially, with old data being evicted from the cache. To fix this issue, either ensure your server responds to range requests with 206 Partial Content, or set maxCacheSize to Infinity in the UrlSource options. Note that the latter will store the entire file in the cache if needed, no matter how large.";
@@ -17585,7 +17623,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
           return buffer;
         },
         maxCacheSize: options.maxCacheSize,
-        prefetchProfile: "fileSystem"
+        prefetchProfile: "fileSystem",
+        handleUnhandledError: options.handleUnhandledError
       });
     }
     /** @internal */
@@ -17621,6 +17660,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       if (options.dispose !== void 0 && typeof options.dispose !== "function") {
         throw new TypeError("options.dispose, when provided, must be a function.");
       }
+      if (options.handleUnhandledError !== void 0 && typeof options.handleUnhandledError !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("options.handleUnhandledError, when provided, must be a function.");
+      }
       if (options.maxCacheSize !== void 0 && (!isNumber(options.maxCacheSize) || options.maxCacheSize < 0)) {
         throw new TypeError("options.maxCacheSize, when provided, must be a non-negative number.");
       }
@@ -17636,7 +17678,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         maxWorkerCount: 2,
         // Fixed for now, *should* be fine
         prefetchProfile: PREFETCH_PROFILES[options.prefetchProfile ?? "none"],
-        runWorker: this._runWorker.bind(this)
+        runWorker: this._runWorker.bind(this),
+        handleUnhandledError: options.handleUnhandledError
       });
     }
     /** @internal */
@@ -17728,6 +17771,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       if (!options || typeof options !== "object") {
         throw new TypeError("options must be an object.");
       }
+      if (options.handleUnhandledError !== void 0 && typeof options.handleUnhandledError !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("options.handleUnhandledError, when provided, must be a function.");
+      }
       if (options.maxCacheSize !== void 0 && (!isNumber(options.maxCacheSize) || options.maxCacheSize < 0)) {
         throw new TypeError("options.maxCacheSize, when provided, must be a non-negative number.");
       }
@@ -17755,6 +17801,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       this._cacheMissErrorMessage = "Attempted to read data from an already-evicted part of the cache. With ReadableStreamSource, you must access the data more sequentially or increase the size of its cache.";
       this._stream = stream;
       this._maxCacheSize = options.maxCacheSize ?? 32 * 2 ** 20;
+      this._handleUnhandledError = options.handleUnhandledError;
     }
     /** @internal */
     _getFileSize() {
@@ -17823,6 +17870,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
           if (this._pendingSlices.length > 0) {
             this._pendingSlices.forEach((x) => x.reject(error));
             this._pendingSlices.length = 0;
+          } else if (this._handleUnhandledError) {
+            this._handleUnhandledError(error);
           } else {
             throw error;
           }
@@ -18106,7 +18155,11 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
           if (this.disposed) {
             return;
           }
-          throw error;
+          if (this.options.handleUnhandledError) {
+            this.options.handleUnhandledError(error);
+          } else {
+            throw error;
+          }
         });
       }
       return result;
@@ -18194,7 +18247,11 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
           worker.pendingSlices.forEach((x) => x.reject(error));
           worker.pendingSlices.length = 0;
         } else if (!worker.aborted && !this.disposed) {
-          throw error;
+          if (this.options.handleUnhandledError) {
+            this.options.handleUnhandledError(error);
+          } else {
+            throw error;
+          }
         }
       }).finally(() => {
         if (worker.running) {
@@ -22098,30 +22155,30 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       }
     }
     /**
-     * Returns a new {@link AudioSample} containing only the frames in the range [startSample, endSample). Both bounds
+     * Returns a new {@link AudioSample} containing only the frames in the range [startFrame, endFrame). Both bounds
      * must lie within this sample's range of frames. The returned sample's timestamp is shifted to match the start of
      * the trimmed section.
      */
-    trim(startSample, endSample = this.numberOfFrames) {
-      if (!Number.isInteger(startSample) || startSample < 0) {
-        throw new TypeError("startSample must be a non-negative integer.");
+    trim(startFrame, endFrame = this.numberOfFrames) {
+      if (!Number.isInteger(startFrame) || startFrame < 0) {
+        throw new TypeError("startFrame must be a non-negative integer.");
       }
-      if (!Number.isInteger(endSample) || endSample < 0) {
-        throw new TypeError("endSample must be a non-negative integer.");
+      if (!Number.isInteger(endFrame) || endFrame < 0) {
+        throw new TypeError("endFrame must be a non-negative integer.");
       }
-      if (startSample > this.numberOfFrames) {
-        throw new RangeError("startSample out of range.");
+      if (startFrame > this.numberOfFrames) {
+        throw new RangeError("startFrame out of range.");
       }
-      if (endSample > this.numberOfFrames) {
-        throw new RangeError("endSample out of range.");
+      if (endFrame > this.numberOfFrames) {
+        throw new RangeError("endFrame out of range.");
       }
-      if (endSample < startSample) {
-        throw new RangeError("endSample must not be less than startSample.");
+      if (endFrame < startFrame) {
+        throw new RangeError("endFrame must not be less than startFrame.");
       }
       if (this._closed) {
         throw new Error("AudioSample is closed.");
       }
-      const frameCount = endSample - startSample;
+      const frameCount = endFrame - startFrame;
       const bytesPerSample = getBytesPerSample(this.format);
       let data;
       if (formatIsPlanar(this.format)) {
@@ -22132,7 +22189,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
             this.copyTo(data.subarray(i * planeSize, (i + 1) * planeSize), {
               planeIndex: i,
               format: this.format,
-              frameOffset: startSample,
+              frameOffset: startFrame,
               frameCount
             });
           }
@@ -22143,7 +22200,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
           this.copyTo(data, {
             planeIndex: 0,
             format: this.format,
-            frameOffset: startSample,
+            frameOffset: startFrame,
             frameCount
           });
         }
@@ -22153,7 +22210,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         format: this.format,
         sampleRate: this.sampleRate,
         numberOfChannels: this.numberOfChannels,
-        timestamp: this.timestamp + startSample / this.sampleRate
+        timestamp: this.timestamp + startFrame / this.sampleRate
       });
     }
     /**
@@ -27886,9 +27943,6 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
     onTrackClose(track) {
     }
     validateTimestamp(track, timestampInSeconds, isKeyPacket) {
-      if (timestampInSeconds < 0) {
-        throw new Error(`Timestamps must be non-negative (got ${timestampInSeconds}s).`);
-      }
       let timestampInfo = this.trackTimestampInfo.get(track);
       if (!timestampInfo) {
         if (!isKeyPacket) {
@@ -28564,7 +28618,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
     ascii("dash")
   ]);
   var sidx = (muxer, referencedSize) => {
-    let duration = muxer.maxWrittenEndTimestamp - muxer.minWrittenTimestamp;
+    const earliestPresentationTime = Math.max(0, muxer.minWrittenTimestamp);
+    let duration = Math.max(0, muxer.maxWrittenEndTimestamp - earliestPresentationTime);
     if (!Number.isFinite(duration)) {
       duration = 0;
     }
@@ -28573,7 +28628,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       // Reference ID
       u32(GLOBAL_TIMESCALE),
       // Timescale
-      u64(intoTimescale(muxer.minWrittenTimestamp, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE)),
+      u64(intoTimescale(earliestPresentationTime, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE)),
       // Earliest presentation time
       u64(0),
       // First offset
@@ -28602,7 +28657,13 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
   var mvhd = (creationTime, trackDatas) => {
     const duration = Math.max(
       0,
-      ...trackDatas.map((trackData) => intoTimescale(presentationSpan(trackData), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE) + intoTimescale(trackData.startTimestampOffset ?? 0, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE))
+      ...trackDatas.map((trackData) => (
+        // Round separately to match the edit list
+        Math.max(
+          0,
+          intoTimescale(presentationSpan(trackData), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE) + intoTimescale(trackData.startTimestampOffset ?? 0, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE)
+        )
+      ))
     );
     const nextTrackId = Math.max(0, ...trackDatas.map((x) => x.track.id)) + 1;
     const needsU64 = !isU32(creationTime) || !isU32(duration);
@@ -28652,10 +28713,10 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
   };
   var trak = (trackData, creationTime) => {
     const trackMetadata = getTrackMetadata(trackData);
-    const needsEditList = trackData.startTimestampOffset !== null && trackData.startTimestampOffset > 0;
+    const needsEditList = trackData.startTimestampOffset !== null && trackData.startTimestampOffset !== 0;
     return box("trak", void 0, [
       tkhd(trackData, creationTime),
-      needsEditList ? edts(trackData, trackData.startTimestampOffset) : null,
+      needsEditList ? edts(trackData) : null,
       mdia(trackData, creationTime),
       trackMetadata.name !== void 0 ? box("udta", void 0, [
         box("name", [
@@ -28666,7 +28727,10 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
     ]);
   };
   var tkhd = (trackData, creationTime) => {
-    const durationInGlobalTimescale = intoTimescale(presentationSpan(trackData), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE) + intoTimescale(trackData.startTimestampOffset ?? 0, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE);
+    const durationInGlobalTimescale = Math.max(
+      0,
+      intoTimescale(presentationSpan(trackData), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE) + intoTimescale(trackData.startTimestampOffset ?? 0, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE)
+    );
     const needsU64 = !isU32(creationTime) || !isU32(durationInGlobalTimescale);
     const u32OrU64 = needsU64 ? u64 : u32;
     let matrix;
@@ -28710,32 +28774,58 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       // Track height
     ]);
   };
-  var edts = (trackData, offset) => {
-    const startOffset = intoTimescale(offset, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE);
-    const mediaDuration = intoTimescale(presentationSpan(trackData), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE);
-    const needs64Bits = !isU32(startOffset) || !isU32(mediaDuration);
-    const u32OrU64 = needs64Bits ? u64 : u32;
-    const i32OrI64 = needs64Bits ? i64 : i32;
-    return box("edts", void 0, [
-      fullBox("elst", needs64Bits ? 1 : 0, 0, [
-        u32(2),
-        // Entry count
-        // #1
-        u32OrU64(startOffset),
-        // Segment duration
-        i32OrI64(-1),
-        // Media time
-        fixed_16_16(1),
-        // Media rate
-        // #2
-        u32OrU64(mediaDuration),
-        // Segment duration
-        i32OrI64(0),
-        // Media time
-        fixed_16_16(1)
-        // Media rate
-      ])
-    ]);
+  var edts = (trackData) => {
+    const offset = trackData.startTimestampOffset;
+    assert(offset !== null);
+    if (offset > 0) {
+      const startOffset = intoTimescale(offset, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE);
+      const mediaDuration = intoTimescale(presentationSpan(trackData), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE);
+      const needs64Bits = !isU32(startOffset) || !isU32(mediaDuration);
+      const u32OrU64 = needs64Bits ? u64 : u32;
+      const i32OrI64 = needs64Bits ? i64 : i32;
+      return box("edts", void 0, [
+        fullBox("elst", needs64Bits ? 1 : 0, 0, [
+          u32(2),
+          // Entry count
+          // #1
+          u32OrU64(startOffset),
+          // Segment duration
+          i32OrI64(-1),
+          // Media time
+          fixed_16_16(1),
+          // Media rate
+          // #2
+          u32OrU64(mediaDuration),
+          // Segment duration
+          i32OrI64(0),
+          // Media time
+          fixed_16_16(1)
+          // Media rate
+        ])
+      ]);
+    } else {
+      const mediaTime = intoTimescale(-offset, trackData.timescale);
+      const mediaDuration = Math.max(
+        0,
+        intoTimescale(presentationSpan(trackData), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE) + intoTimescale(offset, GLOBAL_TIMESCALE)
+      );
+      const needs64Bits = !isI32(mediaTime) || !isU32(mediaDuration);
+      const u32OrU64 = needs64Bits ? u64 : u32;
+      const i32OrI64 = needs64Bits ? i64 : i32;
+      return box("edts", void 0, [
+        fullBox("elst", needs64Bits ? 1 : 0, 0, [
+          u32(1),
+          // Entry count
+          // #1
+          u32OrU64(mediaDuration),
+          // Segment duration
+          i32OrI64(mediaTime),
+          // Media time
+          fixed_16_16(1)
+          // Media rate
+        ])
+      ]);
+    }
   };
   var mdia = (trackData, creationTime) => box("mdia", void 0, [
     mdhd(trackData, creationTime),
@@ -31044,7 +31134,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         currentChunk: null,
         compactlyCodedChunkTable: [],
         closed: false,
-        lastCueEndTimestamp: 0,
+        lastCueEndTimestamp: null,
         cueQueue: [],
         nextSourceId: 0,
         cueToSourceId: /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap()
@@ -31176,6 +31266,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
     }
     async processWebVTTCues(trackData, until) {
       while (trackData.cueQueue.length > 0) {
+        trackData.lastCueEndTimestamp ??= Math.min(0, trackData.cueQueue[0].timestamp);
         const timestamps = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([]);
         for (const cue of trackData.cueQueue) {
           assert(cue.timestamp <= until);
@@ -31259,9 +31350,8 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         return;
       }
       if (trackData.type === "audio" && trackData.info.requiresPcmTransformation) {
-        if (!this.isFragmented) {
-          trackData.startTimestampOffset ??= trackData.timestampProcessingQueue[0].timestamp;
-        }
+        assert(!this.isFragmented);
+        trackData.startTimestampOffset ??= trackData.timestampProcessingQueue[0].timestamp;
         let totalDuration = 0;
         for (let i = 0; i < trackData.timestampProcessingQueue.length; i++) {
           const sample = trackData.timestampProcessingQueue[i];
@@ -31281,7 +31371,9 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
         return;
       }
       const sortedTimestamps = trackData.timestampProcessingQueue.map((x) => x.timestamp).sort((a, b) => a - b);
-      if (!this.isFragmented) {
+      if (this.isFragmented) {
+        trackData.startTimestampOffset ??= Math.min(sortedTimestamps[0], 0);
+      } else {
         trackData.startTimestampOffset ??= sortedTimestamps[0];
       }
       for (let i = 0; i < trackData.timestampProcessingQueue.length; i++) {
@@ -31532,11 +31624,16 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       let fragmentStartTimestamp = Infinity;
       for (let i = 0; i < tracksInFragment.length; i++) {
         const trackData = tracksInFragment[i];
+        assert(trackData.currentChunk);
+        assert(trackData.startTimestampOffset !== null);
         trackData.currentChunk.offset = currentPos;
         trackData.currentChunk.moofOffset = moofOffset;
         trackData.currentChunk.trafIndex = i;
+        trackData.currentChunk.startTimestamp -= trackData.startTimestampOffset;
         for (const sample of trackData.currentChunk.samples) {
           currentPos += sample.size;
+          sample.timestamp -= trackData.startTimestampOffset;
+          sample.decodeTimestamp -= trackData.startTimestampOffset;
         }
         fragmentStartTimestamp = Math.min(fragmentStartTimestamp, trackData.currentChunk.startTimestamp);
       }
@@ -31838,6 +31935,7 @@ var Mediabunny = (() => {
       this.trackDatasInCurrentCluster = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
       this.startTimestamp = Infinity;
       this.endTimestamp = -Infinity;
+      this.warnedAboutTooNegativeTimestamp = false;
       this.format = format;
     }
     async start() {
@@ -32635,6 +32733,13 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
       }
       const relativeTimestamp = msTimestamp - this.currentClusterStartMsTimestamp;
       if (relativeTimestamp < MIN_CLUSTER_TIMESTAMP_MS) {
+        if (!this.warnedAboutTooNegativeTimestamp) {
+          const formatName = this.format instanceof WebMOutputFormat ? "WebM" : "Matroska";
+          Logging._warn(
+            `Packets had to be discarded because their timestamp is too negative to represent in ${formatName}.`
+          );
+          this.warnedAboutTooNegativeTimestamp = true;
+        }
         return;
       }
       const prelude = new Uint8Array(4);
@@ -32683,6 +32788,7 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     }
     /** Creates a new Cluster element to contain media chunks. */
     createNewCluster(msTimestamp) {
+      msTimestamp = Math.max(0, msTimestamp);
       if (this.currentCluster) {
         this.finalizeCurrentCluster();
       }
@@ -32727,7 +32833,8 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
       for (const [msTimestamp, trackDatas] of groupedAndSortedByTimestamp) {
         assert(this.cues);
         this.cues.data.push({ id: 187 /* CuePoint */, data: [
-          { id: 179 /* CueTime */, data: msTimestamp },
+          { id: 179 /* CueTime */, data: Math.max(0, msTimestamp) },
+          // CueTime is unsigned
           // Create CueTrackPositions for each track that starts at this timestamp
           ...trackDatas.map((trackData) => {
             return { id: 183 /* CueTrackPositions */, data: [
@@ -33786,24 +33893,26 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
       pesView.setUint8(6, 132);
       pesView.setUint8(7, includeDts ? 192 : 128);
       pesView.setUint8(8, headerDataLength);
-      const pts = Math.round(queuedPacket.presentationTimestamp * TIMESCALE);
+      const unwrappedPts = Math.round(queuedPacket.presentationTimestamp * TIMESCALE);
+      const pts = modEuclid(unwrappedPts, TIMESTAMP_MODULUS);
       ptsDtsBitstream.pos = 0;
       ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(4, includeDts ? 3 : 2);
-      ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(3, pts >>> 30 & 7);
+      ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(3, Math.floor(pts / 2 ** 30));
       ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(1, 1);
-      ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, pts >>> 15 & 32767);
+      ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, Math.floor(pts / 2 ** 15) % 2 ** 15);
       ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(1, 1);
-      ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, pts & 32767);
+      ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, pts % 2 ** 15);
       ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(1, 1);
       if (includeDts) {
         assert(queuedPacket.decodeTimestamp !== null);
-        const dts = Math.round(queuedPacket.decodeTimestamp * TIMESCALE);
+        const unwrappedDts = Math.round(queuedPacket.decodeTimestamp * TIMESCALE);
+        const dts = modEuclid(unwrappedDts, TIMESTAMP_MODULUS);
         ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(4, 1);
-        ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(3, dts >>> 30 & 7);
+        ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(3, Math.floor(dts / 2 ** 30));
         ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(1, 1);
-        ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, dts >>> 15 & 32767);
+        ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, Math.floor(dts / 2 ** 15) % 2 ** 15);
         ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(1, 1);
-        ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, dts & 32767);
+        ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(15, dts % 2 ** 15);
         ptsDtsBitstream.writeBits(1, 1);
       }
       const totalLength = pesHeaderBuffer.length + queuedPacket.data.length;
@@ -35390,8 +35499,8 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
      * to respect writer and encoder backpressure.
      */
     add(timestamp, duration = 0, encodeOptions) {
-      if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp) || timestamp < 0) {
-        throw new TypeError("timestamp must be a non-negative number.");
+      if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp)) {
+        throw new TypeError("timestamp must be a finite number.");
       }
       if (!Number.isFinite(duration) || duration < 0) {
         throw new TypeError("duration must be a non-negative number.");
@@ -36236,19 +36345,24 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
   var AudioBufferSource = class extends AudioSource {
     /**
      * Creates a new {@link AudioBufferSource} whose `AudioBuffer` instances are encoded according to the specified
-     * {@link AudioEncodingConfig}.
+     * {@link AudioEncodingConfig} and {@link AudioBufferSourceOptions}.
      */
-    constructor(encodingConfig) {
+    constructor(encodingConfig, options = {}) {
       validateAudioEncodingConfig(encodingConfig);
+      if (typeof options !== "object" || !options) {
+        throw new TypeError("options must be an object.");
+      }
+      if (options.startTimestamp !== void 0 && !Number.isFinite(options.startTimestamp)) {
+        throw new TypeError("options.startTimestamp, when provided, must be a finite number.");
+      }
       super(encodingConfig.codec);
-      /** @internal */
-      this._accumulatedTime = 0;
       this._encoder = new AudioEncoderWrapper(this, encodingConfig);
+      this._accumulatedTime = options.startTimestamp ?? 0;
     }
     /**
-     * Converts an AudioBuffer to audio samples, encodes them and adds them to the output. The first AudioBuffer will
-     * be played at timestamp 0, and any subsequent AudioBuffer will have a timestamp equal to the total duration of
-     * all previous AudioBuffers.
+     * Converts an AudioBuffer to audio samples, encodes them and adds them to the output. The first `AudioBuffer` will
+     * be played at the configured start timestamp (the default is 0), and each subsequent `AudioBuffer` will be placed
+     * directly after the previous one.
      *
      * @returns A Promise that resolves once the output is ready to receive more samples. You should await this Promise
      * to respect writer and encoder backpressure.
@@ -37830,6 +37944,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return true;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return "full";
+    }
     /** @internal */
     _createMuxer(output) {
       return new IsobmffMuxer2(output, this);
@@ -38004,6 +38121,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return true;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return "prefer-non-negative";
+    }
   };
   var WebMOutputFormat = class extends MkvOutputFormat2 {
     /** Creates a new {@link WebMOutputFormat} configured with the specified `options`. */
@@ -38081,6 +38201,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return false;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return null;
+    }
   };
   var WavOutputFormat = class extends OutputFormat {
     /** Creates a new {@link WavOutputFormat} configured with the specified `options`. */
@@ -38135,6 +38258,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return false;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return null;
+    }
   };
   var OggOutputFormat = class extends OutputFormat {
     /** Creates a new {@link OggOutputFormat} configured with the specified `options`. */
@@ -38185,6 +38311,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return false;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return null;
+    }
   };
   var AdtsOutputFormat = class extends OutputFormat {
     /** Creates a new {@link AdtsOutputFormat} configured with the specified `options`. */
@@ -38229,6 +38358,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return false;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return null;
+    }
   };
   var FlacOutputFormat = class extends OutputFormat {
     /** Creates a new {@link FlacOutputFormat} configured with the specified `options`. */
@@ -38273,6 +38405,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return false;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return null;
+    }
   };
   var MpegTsOutputFormat = class extends OutputFormat {
     /** Creates a new {@link MpegTsOutputFormat} configured with the specified `options`. */
@@ -38323,6 +38458,9 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return true;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      return "prefer-non-negative";
+    }
   };
   var HlsOutputFormat = class extends OutputFormat {
     /** Creates a new {@link HlsOutputFormat} configured with the specified `options`. */
@@ -38416,6 +38554,19 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
     get supportsTimestampedMediaData() {
       return true;
     }
+    get negativeTimestampSupport() {
+      const formats = toArray(this._options.segmentFormat);
+      if (formats.some((format) => format.negativeTimestampSupport === "none")) {
+        return "none";
+      }
+      if (formats.some((format) => format.negativeTimestampSupport === "prefer-non-negative")) {
+        return "prefer-non-negative";
+      }
+      if (formats.some((format) => format.negativeTimestampSupport === "full")) {
+        return "full";
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
     /** @internal */
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
     _codecUnsupportedHint(codec) {
@@ -39154,15 +39305,16 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
   var Conversion = class _Conversion {
     /** Creates a new Conversion instance (duh). */
     constructor(options) {
-      /**
-       * The current state of the conversion.
-       *
-       * - `'idle'`: The conversion is not currently executing and isn't done; `execute` can be called.
-       * - `'executing'`: A call to `execute` is currently running.
-       * - `'canceled'`: The conversion has been canceled and can no longer be executed.
-       * - `'done'`: The conversion has run to completion. Subsequent calls to `execute` do nothing.
-       */
-      this.state = "idle";
+      /** @internal */
+      this._state = "idle";
+      /** @internal */
+      this._timestampOffset = 0;
+      /** @internal */
+      this._timestampOffsetAdjusted = false;
+      /** @internal */
+      this._copyTimestampPossible = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+      /** @internal */
+      this._copyStartPackets = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
       /** @internal */
       this._nextOutputTrackId = 0;
       /** @internal */
@@ -39233,6 +39385,22 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
       if (options.composable !== void 0 && typeof options.composable !== "boolean") {
         throw new TypeError("options.composable, when provided, must be a boolean.");
       }
+      if (options.copy !== void 0 && options.copy !== false) {
+        if (!options.copy || typeof options.copy !== "object") {
+          throw new TypeError("options.copy, when provided, must be an object or false.");
+        }
+        if (options.copy.mode !== void 0 && !["forced", "preferred"].includes(options.copy.mode)) {
+          throw new TypeError("options.copy.mode, when provided, must be 'forced' or 'preferred'.");
+        }
+        if (options.copy.shiftTolerance !== void 0 && (!isNumber(options.copy.shiftTolerance) || options.copy.shiftTolerance < 0)) {
+          throw new TypeError("options.copy.shiftTolerance, when provided, must be a non-negative number.");
+        }
+        if (options.copy.boundaryPolicy !== void 0 && !["expand", "shrink"].includes(options.copy.boundaryPolicy)) {
+          throw new TypeError(
+            "options.copy.boundaryPolicy, when provided, must be 'expand' or 'shrink'."
+          );
+        }
+      }
       const composable = options.composable ?? false;
       if (!composable) {
         if (options.output.tracks.length > 0 || Object.keys(options.output._metadataTags).length > 0 || options.output.state !== "pending") {
@@ -39274,8 +39442,8 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
       if (options.trim?.start !== void 0 && !Number.isFinite(options.trim.start)) {
         throw new TypeError("options.trim.start, when provided, must be a finite number.");
       }
-      if (options.trim?.end !== void 0 && !Number.isFinite(options.trim.end)) {
-        throw new TypeError("options.trim.end, when provided, must be a finite number.");
+      if (options.trim?.end !== void 0 && !isNumber(options.trim.end)) {
+        throw new TypeError("options.trim.end, when provided, must be a number.");
       }
       if (options.trim?.start !== void 0 && options.trim.end !== void 0 && options.trim.start >= options.trim.end) {
         throw new TypeError("options.trim.start must be less than options.trim.end.");
@@ -39290,10 +39458,24 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
         throw new TypeError("options.showWarnings, when provided, must be a boolean.");
       }
       this._options = options;
+      this._copyMode = options.copy === false ? false : options.copy?.mode ?? "preferred";
+      this._copyTimestampShiftTolerance = options.copy === false ? 0 : options.copy?.shiftTolerance ?? 0;
+      this._copyBoundaryPolicy = options.copy === false ? "expand" : options.copy?.boundaryPolicy ?? "expand";
       this._composable = composable;
       this.input = options.input;
       this.output = options.output;
     }
+    /**
+     * The current state of the conversion.
+     *
+     * - `'idle'`: The conversion is not currently executing and isn't done; `execute` can be called.
+     * - `'executing'`: A call to `execute` is currently running.
+     * - `'canceled'`: The conversion has been canceled and can no longer be executed.
+     * - `'done'`: The conversion has run to completion. Subsequent calls to `execute` do nothing.
+     */
+    get state() {
+      return this._state;
+    }
     /** Initializes a new conversion process without starting the conversion. */
     static async init(options) {
       const conversion = new _Conversion(options);
@@ -39400,6 +39582,7 @@ ${cue.notes ?? ""}`;
         );
       }
       this._endTimestamp = Math.max(this._options.trim?.end ?? Infinity, this._startTimestamp);
+      this._timestampOffset = -this._startTimestamp;
       for (let i = 0; i < filteredTracks.length; i++) {
         const track = filteredTracks[i];
         const options = filteredTrackOptions[i];
@@ -39578,13 +39761,13 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
           "Cannot execute this conversion because its output configuration is invalid. Make sure to always check the isValid field before executing a conversion.\n" + this._getInvalidityExplanation().join("")
         );
       }
-      if (this.state === "executing") {
+      if (this._state === "executing") {
         throw new Error("Cannot call execute() while a previous call to execute() is still running.");
       }
-      if (this.state === "canceled") {
+      if (this._state === "canceled") {
         throw new ConversionCanceledError();
       }
-      if (this.state === "done") {
+      if (this._state === "done") {
         return;
       }
       if (this._composable && this.output.state === "pending") {
@@ -39592,11 +39775,11 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
           "A composable conversion requires the output to be started. Call start() on the output before executing the conversion."
         );
       }
-      this.state = "executing";
+      this._state = "executing";
       this._executionUntil = options.until ?? Infinity;
       this._pauseRequested = options.pauseSignal?.aborted ?? false;
       const onPause = () => {
-        if (this.state !== "executing") {
+        if (this._state !== "executing") {
           return;
         }
         this._pauseRequested = true;
@@ -39646,18 +39829,18 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
       try {
         await Promise.all(this._trackPumps.map((x) => x.resolvers.promise));
       } catch (error) {
-        if (this.state !== "canceled") {
+        if (this._state !== "canceled") {
           void this.cancel();
         }
         throw error;
       } finally {
         options.pauseSignal?.removeEventListener("abort", onPause);
       }
-      if (this.state === "canceled") {
+      if (this._state === "canceled") {
         throw new ConversionCanceledError();
       }
       const isDone = this._trackPumps.every((x) => x.done);
-      this.state = isDone ? "done" : "idle";
+      this._state = isDone ? "done" : "idle";
       if (isDone) {
         if (!this._composable) {
           await this.output.finalize();
@@ -39673,14 +39856,14 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
      * Does nothing if the conversion is already complete.
      */
     async cancel() {
-      if (this.state === "done") {
+      if (this._state === "done") {
         return;
       }
-      if (this.state === "canceled") {
+      if (this._state === "canceled") {
         Logging._warn("Conversion already canceled.");
         return;
       }
-      this.state = "canceled";
+      this._state = "canceled";
       for (const pump of this._trackPumps) {
         pump.wake?.();
       }
@@ -39726,10 +39909,63 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
         width = ceilToMultipleOfTwo(trackOptions.width);
         height = ceilToMultipleOfTwo(trackOptions.height);
       }
-      const firstTimestamp = await track.getFirstTimestamp();
       let videoCodecs = this.output.format.getSupportedVideoCodecs();
-      const needsTranscode = !!trackOptions.forceTranscode || firstTimestamp < this._startTimestamp || !!trackOptions.frameRate || trackOptions.keyFrameInterval !== void 0 || trackOptions.process !== void 0 || trackOptions.quality !== void 0 || trackOptions.bitrate !== void 0 || !videoCodecs.includes(sourceCodec) || trackOptions.codec && trackOptions.codec !== sourceCodec || width !== originalWidth || height !== originalHeight || totalRotation !== 0 && !canUseRotationMetadata || !!crop;
       const alpha = trackOptions.alpha ?? "discard";
+      let needsTranscode = !this._copyMode || !!trackOptions.forceTranscode || !!trackOptions.frameRate || trackOptions.keyFrameInterval !== void 0 || trackOptions.process !== void 0 || trackOptions.quality !== void 0 || trackOptions.bitrate !== void 0 || !videoCodecs.includes(sourceCodec) || trackOptions.codec && trackOptions.codec !== sourceCodec || width !== originalWidth || height !== originalHeight || totalRotation !== 0 && !canUseRotationMetadata || !!crop;
+      let copyStartPacket = null;
+      if (!needsTranscode) {
+        const sink = new EncodedPacketSink(track);
+        let startPacket = await sink.getKeyPacket(this._startTimestamp, { verifyKeyPackets: true }) ?? await sink.getFirstKeyPacket({ verifyKeyPackets: true });
+        if (startPacket && startPacket.timestamp < this._startTimestamp && startPacket.timestamp + startPacket.duration <= this._startTimestamp && this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "shrink") {
+          startPacket = await sink.getNextKeyPacket(startPacket, { verifyKeyPackets: true });
+        }
+        copyStartPacket = startPacket;
+        if (startPacket) {
+          const effectiveStartTimestamp = this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "shrink" ? Math.max(startPacket.timestamp, this._startTimestamp) : startPacket.timestamp;
+          if (!this.output.format.supportsTimestampedMediaData) {
+            if (this._timestampOffsetAdjusted) {
+              const isValid = effectiveStartTimestamp + this._timestampOffset === 0;
+              if (!isValid) {
+                needsTranscode = true;
+              }
+            } else {
+              const correction = clamp(
+                this._startTimestamp - effectiveStartTimestamp,
+                -this._copyTimestampShiftTolerance,
+                this._copyTimestampShiftTolerance
+              );
+              const shiftedStartTimestamp = effectiveStartTimestamp + correction;
+              const isValid = shiftedStartTimestamp === this._startTimestamp;
+              if (isValid) {
+                this._timestampOffset = -this._startTimestamp + correction;
+                this._timestampOffsetAdjusted = true;
+              } else {
+                needsTranscode = true;
+              }
+            }
+          } else if (this.output.format.negativeTimestampSupport !== "full" && effectiveStartTimestamp < this._startTimestamp) {
+            const correction = Math.min(
+              this._startTimestamp - effectiveStartTimestamp,
+              this._copyTimestampShiftTolerance
+            );
+            const shiftedStartTimestamp = effectiveStartTimestamp + correction;
+            const isValid = shiftedStartTimestamp >= this._startTimestamp || this.output.format.negativeTimestampSupport === "prefer-non-negative" && this._copyMode === "forced";
+            if (isValid) {
+              this._timestampOffset = Math.max(this._timestampOffset, -this._startTimestamp + correction);
+            } else {
+              needsTranscode = true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (needsTranscode && this._copyMode === "forced") {
+        this.discardedTracks.push({
+          track,
+          reason: "cannot_copy",
+          trackOptions
+        });
+        return;
+      }
       if (!needsTranscode) {
         const source = new EncodedVideoPacketSource(sourceCodec);
         videoSource = source;
@@ -39737,18 +39973,51 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
           const sink = new EncodedPacketSink(track);
           const decoderConfig = await track.getDecoderConfig();
           const meta = { decoderConfig: decoderConfig ?? void 0 };
-          for await (const packet of sink.packets(void 0, void 0, { verifyKeyPackets: true })) {
-            if (this.state === "canceled") {
+          if (copyStartPacket) for await (const packet of sink.packets(
+            copyStartPacket,
+            void 0,
+            { verifyKeyPackets: true }
+          )) {
+            if (this._state === "canceled") {
               break;
             }
             if (packet.timestamp >= this._endTimestamp) {
-              break;
+              if (this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "shrink") {
+                break;
+              } else {
+                let current = packet;
+                let found = false;
+                const lookahead = 6;
+                for (let i = 0; i < lookahead; i++) {
+                  const next = await sink.getNextPacket(current, { metadataOnly: true });
+                  if (!next) {
+                    break;
+                  }
+                  if (next.timestamp < this._endTimestamp) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                  current = next;
+                }
+                if (!found) {
+                  break;
+                }
+              }
             }
+            let packetStartTimestamp = packet.timestamp;
+            let packetEndTimestamp = packet.timestamp + packet.duration;
+            if (this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "shrink") {
+              packetStartTimestamp = Math.max(packetStartTimestamp, this._startTimestamp);
+              packetEndTimestamp = Math.min(packetEndTimestamp, this._endTimestamp);
+              packetEndTimestamp = Math.max(packetEndTimestamp, packetStartTimestamp);
+            }
+            packetStartTimestamp += this._timestampOffset;
+            packetEndTimestamp += this._timestampOffset;
             const modifiedPacket = packet.clone({
-              timestamp: packet.timestamp - this._startTimestamp,
+              timestamp: packetStartTimestamp,
+              duration: packetEndTimestamp - packetStartTimestamp,
               sideData: alpha === "discard" ? {} : packet.sideData
             });
-            assert(modifiedPacket.timestamp >= 0);
             this._reportProgress(outputTrackId, modifiedPacket.timestamp + modifiedPacket.duration);
             await source.add(modifiedPacket, meta);
             if (this._synchronizer.shouldWait(outputTrackId, modifiedPacket.timestamp)) {
@@ -39809,7 +40078,7 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
             tempOutput.addVideoTrack(tempSource);
             await tempOutput.start();
             const sink = new VideoSampleSink(track);
-            const firstSample = __using(_stack, await sink.getSample(firstTimestamp));
+            const firstSample = __using(_stack, await sink.getSample(await track.getFirstTimestamp()));
             if (firstSample) {
               try {
                 await tempSource.add(firstSample);
@@ -39860,11 +40129,16 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
             var _stack2 = [];
             try {
               const sample = __using(_stack2, _sample);
-              if (this.state === "canceled") {
+              if (this._state === "canceled") {
                 break;
               }
-              const adjustedSampleTimestamp = Math.max(sample.timestamp - this._startTimestamp, 0);
-              sample.setTimestamp(adjustedSampleTimestamp);
+              const clampedStartTimestamp = Math.max(this._startTimestamp, sample.timestamp);
+              const clampedEndTimestamp = Math.min(this._endTimestamp, sample.timestamp + sample.duration);
+              if (clampedStartTimestamp >= clampedEndTimestamp) {
+                continue;
+              }
+              sample.setTimestamp(clampedStartTimestamp + this._timestampOffset);
+              sample.setDuration(clampedEndTimestamp - clampedStartTimestamp);
               this._reportProgress(outputTrackId, sample.timestamp + sample.duration);
               await source.add(sample);
               sample.close();
@@ -39889,12 +40163,14 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
         ownGroup = new OutputTrackGroup();
       }
       const videoTrackLanguageCode = await track.getLanguageCode();
+      const trackName = await track.getName();
+      const trackDisposition = await track.getDisposition();
       this.output.addVideoTrack(videoSource, {
         frameRate: trackOptions.frameRate,
         // TODO: This condition can be removed when all demuxers properly homogenize to BCP47 in v2
         languageCode: isIso639Dash2LanguageCode(videoTrackLanguageCode) ? videoTrackLanguageCode : void 0,
-        name: await track.getName() ?? void 0,
-        disposition: await track.getDisposition(),
+        name: trackName ?? void 0,
+        disposition: trackDisposition,
         rotation: outputTrackRotation,
         group: ownGroup ?? trackOptions.group
       });
@@ -39916,30 +40192,93 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
       let audioSource;
       const originalNumberOfChannels = await track.getNumberOfChannels();
       const originalSampleRate = await track.getSampleRate();
-      const firstTimestamp = await track.getFirstTimestamp();
       let numberOfChannels = trackOptions.numberOfChannels ?? originalNumberOfChannels;
       let sampleRate = trackOptions.sampleRate ?? originalSampleRate;
-      const needsTrimming = firstTimestamp < this._startTimestamp;
-      let needsPadding = firstTimestamp > this._startTimestamp && !this.output.format.supportsTimestampedMediaData;
       let audioCodecs = this.output.format.getSupportedAudioCodecs();
-      if (!trackOptions.forceTranscode && !trackOptions.quality && !trackOptions.bitrate && numberOfChannels === originalNumberOfChannels && sampleRate === originalSampleRate && !needsTrimming && !needsPadding && audioCodecs.includes(sourceCodec) && (!trackOptions.codec || trackOptions.codec === sourceCodec) && !trackOptions.process && trackOptions.sampleFormat === void 0) {
+      let needsTranscode = !this._copyMode || !!trackOptions.forceTranscode || !!trackOptions.quality || !!trackOptions.bitrate || numberOfChannels !== originalNumberOfChannels || sampleRate !== originalSampleRate || !audioCodecs.includes(sourceCodec) || !!trackOptions.codec && trackOptions.codec !== sourceCodec || trackOptions.process !== void 0 || trackOptions.sampleFormat !== void 0;
+      let copyStartPacket = null;
+      if (!needsTranscode) {
+        const sink = new EncodedPacketSink(track);
+        let startPacket = await sink.getKeyPacket(this._startTimestamp) ?? await sink.getFirstKeyPacket();
+        if (startPacket && (this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "shrink" && startPacket.timestamp < this._startTimestamp || this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "expand" && startPacket.timestamp + startPacket.duration <= this._startTimestamp)) {
+          startPacket = await sink.getNextKeyPacket(startPacket);
+        }
+        const hasDecoderWarmup = NON_PCM_AUDIO_CODECS.includes(sourceCodec) && sourceCodec !== "flac";
+        if (startPacket && this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "expand" && hasDecoderWarmup) {
+          const previousPacket = await sink.getKeyPacket(
+            startPacket.timestamp - 1 / await track.getTimeResolution()
+          );
+          if (previousPacket) {
+            startPacket = previousPacket;
+          }
+        }
+        copyStartPacket = startPacket;
+        if (startPacket) {
+          if (!this.output.format.supportsTimestampedMediaData) {
+            if (this._timestampOffsetAdjusted) {
+              const isValid = startPacket.timestamp + this._timestampOffset === 0;
+              if (!isValid) {
+                needsTranscode = true;
+              }
+            } else {
+              const correction = clamp(
+                this._startTimestamp - startPacket.timestamp,
+                -this._copyTimestampShiftTolerance,
+                this._copyTimestampShiftTolerance
+              );
+              const shiftedStartTimestamp = startPacket.timestamp + correction;
+              const isValid = shiftedStartTimestamp === this._startTimestamp;
+              if (isValid) {
+                this._timestampOffset = -this._startTimestamp + correction;
+                this._timestampOffsetAdjusted = true;
+              } else {
+                needsTranscode = true;
+              }
+            }
+          } else if (this.output.format.negativeTimestampSupport !== "full" && startPacket.timestamp < this._startTimestamp) {
+            const correction = Math.min(
+              this._startTimestamp - startPacket.timestamp,
+              this._copyTimestampShiftTolerance
+            );
+            const shiftedStartTimestamp = startPacket.timestamp + correction;
+            const isValid = shiftedStartTimestamp >= this._startTimestamp || this.output.format.negativeTimestampSupport === "prefer-non-negative" && this._copyMode === "forced";
+            if (isValid) {
+              this._timestampOffset = Math.max(this._timestampOffset, -this._startTimestamp + correction);
+            } else {
+              needsTranscode = true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (needsTranscode && this._copyMode === "forced") {
+        this.discardedTracks.push({
+          track,
+          reason: "cannot_copy",
+          trackOptions
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!needsTranscode) {
         const source = new EncodedAudioPacketSource(sourceCodec);
         audioSource = source;
         this._registerTrackPump(async (pump) => {
           const sink = new EncodedPacketSink(track);
           const decoderConfig = await track.getDecoderConfig();
           const meta = { decoderConfig: decoderConfig ?? void 0 };
-          for await (const packet of sink.packets()) {
-            if (this.state === "canceled") {
+          if (copyStartPacket) for await (const packet of sink.packets(copyStartPacket)) {
+            if (this._state === "canceled") {
               break;
             }
             if (packet.timestamp >= this._endTimestamp) {
               break;
             }
+            if (this._copyBoundaryPolicy === "shrink" && packet.timestamp + packet.duration > this._endTimestamp) {
+              break;
+            }
             const modifiedPacket = packet.clone({
-              timestamp: packet.timestamp - this._startTimestamp
+              timestamp: packet.timestamp + this._timestampOffset,
+              duration: packet.duration
             });
-            assert(modifiedPacket.timestamp >= 0);
             this._reportProgress(outputTrackId, modifiedPacket.timestamp + modifiedPacket.duration);
             await source.add(modifiedPacket, meta);
             if (this._synchronizer.shouldWait(outputTrackId, modifiedPacket.timestamp)) {
@@ -40015,6 +40354,7 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
         const source = new AudioSampleSource(encodingConfig);
         audioSource = source;
         this._registerTrackPump(async (pump) => {
+          let needsPadding = null;
           const sink = new AudioSampleSink(track);
           for await (var _sample of sink.samples(this._startTimestamp, this._endTimestamp)) {
             var _stack3 = [];
@@ -40022,13 +40362,42 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
               const sample = __using(_stack3, _sample);
               var _stack2 = [];
               try {
-                if (this.state === "canceled") {
+                if (this._state === "canceled") {
                   break;
                 }
+                let startFrame = 0;
+                let endFrame = sample.numberOfFrames;
+                if (sample.timestamp < this._startTimestamp) {
+                  startFrame = Math.round((this._startTimestamp - sample.timestamp) * sample.sampleRate);
+                }
+                if (sample.timestamp + sample.duration > this._endTimestamp) {
+                  endFrame = Math.round((this._endTimestamp - sample.timestamp) * sample.sampleRate);
+                }
+                if (startFrame >= endFrame) {
+                  sample.close();
+                  continue;
+                }
+                let finalSampleLet;
+                if (startFrame > 0 || endFrame < sample.numberOfFrames) {
+                  const trimmedSample = sample.trim(startFrame, endFrame);
+                  sample.close();
+                  finalSampleLet = trimmedSample;
+                  if (trimmedSample.numberOfFrames === 0) {
+                    trimmedSample.close();
+                    continue;
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  finalSampleLet = sample;
+                }
+                const finalSample = __using(_stack2, finalSampleLet);
+                finalSample.setTimestamp(finalSample.timestamp + this._timestampOffset);
+                if (needsPadding === null) {
+                  needsPadding = finalSample.timestamp > 0 && !this.output.format.supportsTimestampedMediaData;
+                }
                 if (needsPadding) {
                   var _stack = [];
                   try {
-                    const paddingLength = firstTimestamp - this._startTimestamp;
+                    const paddingLength = finalSample.timestamp;
                     const paddingLengthSamples = Math.round(paddingLength * originalSampleRate);
                     const bytesPerSample = getBytesPerSample(sample.format);
                     const data = new Uint8Array(bytesPerSample * paddingLengthSamples * originalNumberOfChannels);
@@ -40058,28 +40427,6 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
                     __callDispose(_stack, _error, _hasError);
                   }
                 }
-                let startFrame = 0;
-                let endFrame = sample.numberOfFrames;
-                if (sample.timestamp < this._startTimestamp) {
-                  startFrame = Math.round((this._startTimestamp - sample.timestamp) * sample.sampleRate);
-                }
-                if (sample.timestamp + sample.duration > this._endTimestamp) {
-                  endFrame = Math.round((this._endTimestamp - sample.timestamp) * sample.sampleRate);
-                }
-                let finalSampleLet;
-                if (startFrame > 0 || endFrame < sample.numberOfFrames) {
-                  const trimmedSample = sample.trim(startFrame, endFrame);
-                  sample.close();
-                  finalSampleLet = trimmedSample;
-                  if (trimmedSample.numberOfFrames === 0) {
-                    trimmedSample.close();
-                    continue;
-                  }
-                } else {
-                  finalSampleLet = sample;
-                }
-                const finalSample = __using(_stack2, finalSampleLet);
-                finalSample.setTimestamp(finalSample.timestamp - this._startTimestamp);
                 await this._registerAudioSample(
                   pump,
                   finalSample,
@@ -40107,11 +40454,13 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
         ownGroup = new OutputTrackGroup();
       }
       const audioTrackLanguageCode = await track.getLanguageCode();
+      const trackName = await track.getName();
+      const trackDisposition = await track.getDisposition();
       this.output.addAudioTrack(audioSource, {
         // TODO: This condition can be removed when all demuxers properly homogenize to BCP47 in v2
         languageCode: isIso639Dash2LanguageCode(audioTrackLanguageCode) ? audioTrackLanguageCode : void 0,
-        name: await track.getName() ?? void 0,
-        disposition: await track.getDisposition(),
+        name: trackName ?? void 0,
+        disposition: trackDisposition,
         group: ownGroup ?? trackOptions.group
       });
       this.utilizedTracks.push(track);
@@ -40150,7 +40499,7 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
     }
     /** @internal */
     async _checkpoint(pump, timestamp) {
-      while (this.state !== "canceled" && (timestamp >= this._executionUntil || this._pauseRequested)) {
+      while (this._state !== "canceled" && (timestamp >= this._executionUntil || this._pauseRequested)) {
         pump.resolvers.resolve();
         const { promise, resolve } = promiseWithResolvers();
         pump.wake = resolve;
@@ -40191,14 +40540,14 @@ The @mediabunny/mp3-encoder extension package provides support for encoding MP3.
       this.conversion = conversion;
     }
     declareTrack(trackId) {
-      this.maxTimestamps.set(trackId, 0);
+      this.maxTimestamps.set(trackId, -Infinity);
     }
     shouldWait(trackId, timestamp) {
       const currentValue = this.maxTimestamps.get(trackId);
       assert(currentValue !== void 0);
       this.maxTimestamps.set(trackId, Math.max(timestamp, currentValue));
       const newMin = this.computeMinAndMaybeResolve();
-      if (this.conversion.state === "canceled" || this.conversion._pauseRequested || timestamp >= this.conversion._executionUntil) {
+      if (this.conversion._state === "canceled" || this.conversion._pauseRequested || timestamp >= this.conversion._executionUntil) {
         return false;
       }
       return timestamp - newMin > MAX_TIMESTAMP_GAP;