mathjs 8.1.0 → 12.2.1

package/docs/datatypes/units.md

@@ -1,444 +0,0 @@
-# Units
-
-Math.js supports units. Units can be used to do calculations and to perform
-conversions.
-
-## Usage
-
-Units can be created using the function `math.unit`. This function accepts
-either a single string argument containing a value and unit, or two arguments,
-the first being a numeric value and the second a string containing a unit.
-Most units support prefixes like `k` or `kilo`, and many units have both a
-full name and an abbreviation. The returned object is a `Unit`.
-
-Syntax:
-
-```js
-math.unit(value: number, name: string) : Unit
-math.unit(unit: string) : Unit
-math.unit(unit: Unit) : Unit
-```
-
-Example usage:
-
-```js
-const a = math.unit(45, 'cm')             // Unit 450 mm
-const b = math.unit('0.1 kilogram')       // Unit 100 gram
-const c = math.unit('2 inch')             // Unit 2 inch
-const d = math.unit('90 km/h')            // Unit 90 km/h
-const e = math.unit('101325 kg/(m s^2)')  // Unit 101325 kg / (m s^2)
-
-const d = c.to('cm')                      // Unit 5.08 cm
-b.toNumber('gram')                        // Number 100
-math.number(b, 'gram')                    // Number 100
-
-c.equals(a)                               // false
-c.equals(d)                               // true
-c.equalBase(a)                            // true
-c.equalBase(b)                            // false
-
-d.toString()                              // String "5.08 cm"
-```
-
-Use care when creating a unit with multiple terms in the denominator. Implicit multiplication has the same operator precedence as explicit multiplication and division, which means these three expressions are identical:
-
-```js
-// These three are identical
-const correct1 = math.unit('8.314 m^3 Pa / mol / K')          // Unit 8.314 (m^3 Pa) / (mol K)
-const correct2 = math.unit('8.314 (m^3 Pa) / (mol K)')        // Unit 8.314 (m^3 Pa) / (mol K)
-const correct3 = math.unit('8.314 (m^3 * Pa) / (mol * K)')    // Unit 8.314 (m^3 Pa) / (mol K)
-```
-But this expression, which omits the second `/` between `mol` and `K`, results in the wrong value:
-
-```js
-// Missing the second '/' between 'mol' and 'K'
-const incorrect = math.unit('8.314 m^3 Pa / mol K')           // Unit 8.314 (m^3 Pa K) / mol
-```
-
-## Calculations
-
-The operations that support units are `add`, `subtract`, `multiply`, `divide`, `pow`, `abs`, `sqrt`, `square`, `cube`, and `sign`.
-Trigonometric functions like `cos` are also supported when the argument is an angle.
-
-```js
-const a = math.unit(45, 'cm')       // Unit 450 mm
-const b = math.unit('0.1m')         // Unit 100 mm
-math.add(a, b)                      // Unit 0.65 m
-math.multiply(b, 2)                 // Unit 200 mm
-
-const c = math.unit(45, 'deg')      // Unit 45 deg
-math.cos(c)                         // Number 0.7071067811865476
-
-// Kinetic energy of average sedan on highway
-const d = math.unit('80 mi/h')      // Unit 80 mi/h
-const e = math.unit('2 tonne')      // Unit 2 tonne
-const f = math.multiply(0.5, math.multipy(math.pow(d, 2), e))
-                                    // 1.2790064742399996 MJ
-```
-
-Operations with arrays are supported too:
-
-```js
-// Force on a charged particle moving through a magnetic field
-const B = math.evaluate('[1, 0, 0] T')         // [1 T, 0 T, 0 T]
-const v = math.evaluate('[0, 1, 0] m/s')       // [0 m / s, 1 m / s, 0 m / s]
-const q = math.evaluate('1 C')                 // 1 C
-
-const F = math.multiply(q, math.cross(v, B))   // [0 N, 0 N, -1 N]
-```
-
-All arithmetic operators act on the value of the unit as it is represented in SI units.
-This may lead to surprising behavior when working with temperature scales like `celsius` (or `degC`) and `fahrenheit` (or `degF`).
-In general you should avoid calculations using `celsius` and `fahrenheit`. Rather, use `kelvin` (or `K`) and `rankine` (or `R`) instead.
-This example highlights some problems when using `celsius` and `fahrenheit` in calculations:
-
-```js
-const T_14F = math.unit('14 degF')            // Unit 14 degF (263.15 K)
-const T_28F = math.multiply(T1, 2)            // Unit 487.67 degF (526.3 K), not 28 degF
-
-const Tnegative = math.unit(-13, 'degF')      // Unit -13 degF (248.15 K)
-const Tpositive = math.abs(T1)                // Unit -13 degF (248.15 K), not 13 degF
-
-const Trate1 = math.evaluate('5 (degC/hour)') // Unit 5 degC/hour
-const Trate2 = math.evaluate('(5 degC)/hour') // Unit 278.15 degC/hour
-```
-
-The expression parser supports units too. This is described in the section about
-units on the page [Syntax](../expressions/syntax.md#units).
-
-## User-Defined Units
-
-You can add your own units to Math.js using the `math.createUnit` function. The following example defines a new unit `furlong`, then uses the user-defined unit in a calculation:
-
-```js
-math.createUnit('furlong', '220 yards') 
-math.evaluate('1 mile to furlong')            // 8 furlong
-```
-
-If you cannot express the new unit in terms of any existing unit, then the second argument can be omitted. In this case, a new *base unit* is created:
-
-```js
-// A 'foo' cannot be expressed in terms of any other unit.
-math.createUnit('foo') 
-math.evaluate('8 foo * 4 feet')               // 32 foo feet
-```
-
-The second argument to `createUnit` can also be a configuration object consisting of the following properties:
-
-* **definition** A `string` or `Unit` which defines the user-defined unit in terms of existing built-in or user-defined units. If omitted, a new base unit is created.
-* **prefixes** A `string` indicating which prefixes math.js should use with the new unit. Possible values are `'none'`, `'short'`, `'long'`, `'binary_short'`, or `'binary_long'`. Default is `'none'`.
-* **offset** A value applied when converting to the unit. This is very helpful for temperature scales that do not share a zero with the absolute temperature scale. For example, if we were defining fahrenheit for the first time, we would use: `math.createUnit('fahrenheit', {definition: '0.555556 kelvin', offset: 459.67})`
-* **aliases** An array of strings to alias the new unit. Example: `math.createUnit('knot', {definition: '0.514444 m/s', aliases: ['knots', 'kt', 'kts']})`
-* **baseName** A `string` that specifies the name of the new dimension in case one needs to be created. Every unit in math.js has a dimension: length, time, velocity, etc. If the unit's `definition` doesn't match any existing dimension, or it is a new base unit, then `createUnit` will create a new dimension with the name `baseName` and assign it to the new unit. The default is to append `'_STUFF'` to the unit's name. If the unit already matches an existing dimension, this option has no effect.
-
-An optional `options` object can also be supplied as the last argument to `createUnits`. Currently only the `override` option is supported:
-
-```js
-// Redefine the mile (would not be the first time in history)
-math.createUnit('mile', '1609.347218694', {override: true}})
-```
-Base units created without specifying a definition cannot be overridden.
-
-### Create several units at once
-Multiple units can defined using a single call to `createUnit` by passing an object map as the first argument, where each key in the object is the name of a new unit and the value is either a string defining the unit, or an object with the configuration properties listed above. If the value is an empty string or an object lacking a definition property, a new base unit is created.
-
-For example:
-
-```js
-math.createUnit( {
-  foo: {
-    prefixes: 'long',
-    baseName: 'essence-of-foo'
-  },
-  bar: '40 foo',
-  baz: {
-    definition: '1 bar/hour',
-    prefixes: 'long'
-  }
-},
-{
-  override: true
-})
-math.evaluate('50000 kilofoo/s')  // 4.5 gigabaz
-```
-
-### Return Value
-`createUnit` returns the created unit, or, when multiple units are created, the last unit created. Since `createUnit` is also compatible with the expression parser, this allows you to do things like this:
-
-```js
-math.evaluate('45 mile/hour to createUnit("knot", "0.514444m/s")')
-// 39.103964668651976 knot
-```
-
-### Support of custom characters in unit names
-Per default, the name of a new unit:
-- should start by a latin (A-Z or a-z) character
-- should contain only numeric (0-9) or latin characters
-
-It is possible to allow the usage of special characters (such as Greek alphabet, cyrillic alphabet, any Unicode symbols, etc.) by overriding the `Unit.isValidAlpha` static method. For example:
-```js
-const isAlphaOriginal = math.Unit.isValidAlpha
-const isGreekLowercaseChar = function (c) {
-  const charCode = c.charCodeAt(0)
-  return charCode > 944 && charCode < 970
-}
-math.Unit.isValidAlpha = function (c) {
-  return isAlphaOriginal(c) || isGreekLowercaseChar(c)
-}
-
-math.createUnit('θ', '1 rad')
-math.evaluate('1θ + 3 deg').toNumber('deg') // 60.29577951308232
-```
-
-## API
-A `Unit` object contains the following functions:
-
-### unit.clone()
-Clone the unit, returns a new unit with the same parameters.
-
-### unit.equalBase(unit)
-Test whether a unit has the same base as an other unit:
-length, mass, etc.
-
-### unit.equals(unit)
-Test whether a unit equals an other unit. Units are equal
-when they have the same base and same value when normalized to SI units.
-
-### unit.format([options])
-Get a string representation of the unit. The function
-will determine the best fitting prefix for the unit. See the [Format](../reference/functions/format.md)
-page for available options.
-
-### unit.fromJSON(json)
-Revive a unit from a JSON object. Accepts
-An object `{mathjs: 'Unit', value: number, unit: string, fixPrefix: boolean}`,
-where the property `mathjs` and `fixPrefix` are optional.
-Used when deserializing a unit, see [Serialization](../core/serialization.md).
-
-### unit.splitUnit(parts)
-Split a unit into the specified parts. For example:
-
-```js
-const u = math.unit(1, 'm')
-u.splitUnit(['ft', 'in'])    // 3 feet,3.3700787401574765 inch
-```
-
-### unit.to(unitName)
-Convert the unit to a specific unit name. Returns a clone of
-the unit with a fixed prefix and unit.
-
-### unit.toJSON()
-Returns a JSON representation of the unit, with signature
-`{mathjs: 'Unit', value: number, unit: string, fixPrefix: boolean}`.
-Used when serializing a unit, see [Serialization](../core/serialization.md).
-
-### unit.toNumber(unitName)
-Get the value of a unit when converted to the
-specified unit (a unit with optional prefix but without value).
-The type of the returned value is always `number`.
-
-### unit.toNumeric(unitName)
-Get the value of a unit when converted to the
-specified unit (a unit with optional prefix but without value).
-The type of the returned value depends on how the unit was created and
-can be `number`, `Fraction`, or `BigNumber`.
-
-### unit.toSI()
-Returns a clone of a unit represented in SI units. Works with units with or without a value.
-
-### unit.toString()
-Get a string representation of the unit. The function will
-determine the best fitting prefix for the unit.
-
-## Unit reference
-
-This section lists all available units, prefixes, and physical constants. These can be used via the Unit object, or via `math.evaluate()`.
-
-## Reference
-
-Math.js comes with the following built-in units.
-
-Base                | Unit
-------------------- | ---
-Length              | meter (m), inch (in), foot (ft), yard (yd), mile (mi), link (li), rod (rd), chain (ch), angstrom, mil
-Surface area        | m2, sqin, sqft, sqyd, sqmi, sqrd, sqch, sqmil, acre, hectare
-Volume              | m3, litre (l, L, lt, liter), cc, cuin, cuft, cuyd, teaspoon, tablespoon
-Liquid volume       | minim (min), fluiddram (fldr), fluidounce (floz), gill (gi), cup (cp), pint (pt), quart (qt), gallon (gal), beerbarrel (bbl), oilbarrel (obl), hogshead, drop (gtt)
-Angles              | rad (radian), deg (degree), grad (gradian), cycle, arcsec (arcsecond), arcmin (arcminute)
-Time                | second (s, secs, seconds), minute (mins, minutes), hour (h, hr, hrs, hours), day (days), week (weeks), month (months), year (years), decade (decades), century (centuries), millennium (millennia)
-Frequency           | hertz (Hz)
-Mass                | gram(g), tonne, ton, grain (gr), dram (dr), ounce (oz), poundmass (lbm, lb, lbs), hundredweight (cwt), stick, stone
-Electric current    | ampere (A)
-Temperature         | kelvin (K), celsius (degC), fahrenheit (degF), rankine (degR)
-Amount of substance | mole (mol)
-Luminous intensity  | candela (cd)
-Force               | newton (N), dyne (dyn), poundforce (lbf), kip
-Energy              | joule (J), erg, Wh, BTU, electronvolt (eV)
-Power               | watt (W), hp
-Pressure            | Pa, psi, atm, torr, bar, mmHg, mmH2O, cmH2O
-Electricity and magnetism | ampere (A), coulomb (C), watt (W), volt (V), ohm, farad (F), weber (Wb), tesla (T), henry (H), siemens (S), electronvolt (eV)
-Binary              | bits (b), bytes (B)
-
-Note: all time units are based on the Julian year, with one month being 1/12th of a Julian year, a year being one Julian year, a decade being 10 Julian years, a century being 100, and a millennium being 1000.
-
-Note that all relevant units can also be written in plural form, for example `5 meters` instead of `5 meter` or `10 seconds` instead of `10 second`.
-
-Surface and volume units can alternatively be expressed in terms of length units raised to a power, for example `100 in^2` instead of `100 sqin`.
-
-### Prefixes
-
-The following decimal prefixes are available.
-
-Name    | Abbreviation  | Value
-------- | ------------- | -----
-deca    | da            | 1e1
-hecto   | h             | 1e2
-kilo    | k             | 1e3
-mega    | M             | 1e6
-giga    | G             | 1e9
-tera    | T             | 1e12
-peta    | P             | 1e15
-exa     | E             | 1e18
-zetta   | Z             | 1e21
-yotta   | Y             | 1e24
-
-Name    | Abbreviation  | Value
-------  | ------------- | -----
-deci    | d             | 1e-1
-centi   | c             | 1e-2
-milli   | m             | 1e-3
-micro   | u             | 1e-6
-nano    | n             | 1e-9
-pico    | p             | 1e-12
-femto   | f             | 1e-15
-atto    | a             | 1e-18
-zepto   | z             | 1e-21
-yocto   | y             | 1e-24
-
-The following binary prefixes are available.
-They can be used with units `bits` (`b`) and `bytes` (`B`).
-
-Name | Abbreviation | Value
----- | ------------ | -----
-kibi | Ki           | 1024
-mebi | Mi           | 1024^2
-gibi | Gi           | 1024^3
-tebi | Ti           | 1024^4
-pebi | Pi           | 1024^5
-exi  | Ei           | 1024^6
-zebi | Zi           | 1024^7
-yobi | Yi           | 1024^8
-
-Name  | Abbreviation | Value
------ | ------------ | -----
-kilo  | k            | 1e3
-mega  | M            | 1e6
-giga  | G            | 1e9
-tera  | T            | 1e12
-peta  | P            | 1e15
-exa   | E            | 1e18
-zetta | Z            | 1e21
-yotta | Y            | 1e24
-
-
-### Physical Constants
-
-Math.js includes the following physical constants. See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constants) for more information.
-
-
-#### Universal constants
-
-Name                  | Symbol                                                 | Value             | Unit
-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------
-speedOfLight          | <i>c</i>                                               | 299792458         | m &#183; s<sup>-1</sup>
-gravitationConstant   | <i>G</i>                                               | 6.6738480e-11     | m<sup>3</sup> &#183; kg<sup>-1</sup> &#183; s<sup>-2</sup>
-planckConstant        | <i>h</i>                                               | 6.626069311e-34   | J &#183; s
-reducedPlanckConstant | <i><span style="text-decoration:overline">h</span></i> | 1.05457172647e-34 | J &#183; s
-
-
-#### Electromagnetic constants
-
-Name                      | Symbol                                           | Value                 | Unit
---------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------------------
-magneticConstant          | <i>&mu;<sub>0</sub></i>                          | 1.2566370614e-6       | N &#183; A<sup>-2</sup>
-electricConstant          | <i>&epsilon;<sub>0</sub></i>                     | 8.854187817e-12       | F &#183; m<sup>-1</sup>
-vacuumImpedance           | <i>Z<sub>0</sub></i>                             | 376.730313461         | &ohm;
-coulomb                   | <i>&kappa;</i>                                   | 8.9875517873681764e9  | N &#183; m<sup>2</sup> &#183; C<sup>-2</sup>
-elementaryCharge          | <i>e</i>                                         | 1.60217656535e-19     | C
-bohrMagneton              | <i>&mu;<sub>B</sub></i>                          | 9.2740096820e-24      | J &#183; T<sup>-1</sup>
-conductanceQuantum        | <i>G<sub>0</sub></i>                             | 7.748091734625e-5     | S
-inverseConductanceQuantum | <i>G<sub>0</sub><sup>-1</sup></i>                | 12906.403721742       | &ohm;
-magneticFluxQuantum       | <i><font face="Symbol">f</font><sub>0</sub></i>  | 2.06783375846e-15     | Wb
-nuclearMagneton           | <i>&mu;<sub>N</sub></i>                          | 5.0507835311e-27      | J &#183; T<sup>-1</sup>
-klitzing                  | <i>R<sub>K</sub></i>                             | 25812.807443484       | &ohm;
-
-<!-- TODO: implement josephson
-josephson                 | <i>K<sub>J</sub></i>                             | 4.8359787011e-14    | Hz &#183; V<sup>-1</sup>
--->
-
-
-#### Atomic and nuclear constants
-
-Name                    | Symbol                | Value                 | Unit
-------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------------
-bohrRadius              | <i>a<sub>0</sub></i>         | 5.291772109217e-11    | m
-classicalElectronRadius | <i>r<sub>e</sub></i>         | 2.817940326727e-15    | m
-electronMass            | <i>m<sub>e</sub></i>         | 9.1093829140e-31      | kg
-fermiCoupling           | <i>G<sub>F</sub></i>         | 1.1663645e-5          | GeV<sup>-2</sup>
-fineStructure           | <i>&alpha;</i>               | 7.297352569824e-3     | -
-hartreeEnergy           | <i>E<abbr>h</abbr> </i>      | 4.3597443419e-18      | J
-protonMass              | <i>m<sub>p</sub></i>         | 1.67262177774e-27     | kg
-deuteronMass            | <i>m<sub>d</sub></i>         | 3.3435830926e-27      | kg
-neutronMass             | <i>m<sub>n</sub></i>         | 1.6749271613e-27      | kg
-quantumOfCirculation    | <i>h / (2m<sub>e</sub>)</i>  | 3.636947552024e-4     | m<sup>2</sup> &#183; s<sup>-1</sup>
-rydberg                 | <i>R<sub>&infin;</sub></i>   | 10973731.56853955     | m<sup>-1</sup>
-thomsonCrossSection     |                              | 6.65245873413e-29     | m<sup>2</sup>
-weakMixingAngle         |                              | 0.222321              | -
-efimovFactor            |                              | 22.7                  | -
-
-
-#### Physico-chemical constants
-
-Name                | Symbol                       | Value               | Unit
---------------------|------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------------
-atomicMass          | <i>m<sub>u</sub></i>         | 1.66053892173e-27   | kg
-avogadro            | <i>N<sub>A</sub></i>         | 6.0221412927e23     | mol<sup>-1</sup>
-boltzmann           | <i>k</i>                     | 1.380648813e-23     | J &#183; K<sup>-1</sup>
-faraday             | <i>F</i>                     | 96485.336521        | C &#183; mol<sup>-1</sup>
-firstRadiation      | <i>c<sub>1</sub></i>         | 3.7417715317e-16    | W &#183; m<sup>2</sup>
-loschmidt           | <i>n<sub>0</sub></i>         | 2.686780524e25      | m<sup>-3</sup>
-gasConstant         | <i>R</i>                     | 8.314462175         | J &#183; K<sup>-1</sup> &#183; mol<sup>-1</sup>
-molarPlanckConstant | <i>N<sub>A</sub> &#183; h</i>| 3.990312717628e-10| J &#183; s &#183; mol<sup>-1</sup>
-molarVolume         | <i>V<sub>m</sub></i>         | 2.241396820e-10     | m<sup>3</sup> &#183; mol<sup>-1</sup>
-sackurTetrode       |                              | -1.164870823        | -
-secondRadiation     | <i>c<sub>2</sub></i>         | 1.438777013e-2      | m &#183; K
-stefanBoltzmann     | <i>&sigma;</i>               | 5.67037321e-8       | W &#183; m<sup>-2</sup> &#183; K<sup>-4</sup>
-wienDisplacement    | <i>b</i>                     | 2.897772126e-3      | m &#183; K
-
-<!-- TODO: implement spectralRadiance
-spectralRadiance    | <i>c<sub>1L</sub></i>        | 1.19104286953e-16  | W &#183; m<sup>2</sup> &#183; sr<sup>-1</sup>
--->
-
-Note that the values of `loschmidt` and `molarVolume` are at `T = 273.15 K` and `p = 101.325 kPa`.
-The value of `sackurTetrode` is at `T = 1 K` and `p = 101.325 kPa`.
-
-
-#### Adopted values
-
-Name          | Symbol                       | Value   | Unit
---------------|------------------------------|---------|-------------------------
-molarMass     | <i>M<sub>u</sub></i>         | 1e-3    | kg &#183; mol<sup>-1</sup>
-molarMassC12  | <i>M(<sub>12</sub>C)</i>     | 1.2e-2  | kg &#183; mol<sup>-1</sup>
-gravity       | <i>g<sub>n</sub></i>         | 9.80665 | m &#183; s<sup>-2</sup>
-atm           | <i>atm</i>                   | 101325  | Pa
-
-
-#### Natural units
-
-Name              | Symbol                | Value              | Unit
-------------------|-----------------------|--------------------|-----
-planckLength      | <i>l<sub>P</sub></i>  | 1.61619997e-35     | m
-planckMass        | <i>m<sub>P</sub></i>  | 2.1765113e-8       | kg
-planckTime        | <i>t<sub>P</sub></i>  | 5.3910632e-44      | s
-planckCharge      | <i>q<sub>P</sub></i>  | 1.87554595641e-18  | C
-planckTemperature | <i>T<sub>P</sub></i>  | 1.41683385e+32     | K

package/docs/expressions/algebra.md

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-# Algebra (symbolic computation)
-
-math.js has built-in support for symbolic computation ([CAS](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Computer_algebra_system)). It can parse expressions into an expression tree and do algebraic operations like simplification and derivation on the tree.
-
-> It's worth mentioning an excellent extension on math.js here: [mathsteps](https://github.com/socraticorg/mathsteps), a step-by-step math solver library that is focused on pedagogy (how best to teach). The math problems it focuses on are pre-algebra and algebra problems involving simplifying expressions.
-
-
-## Simplify
-
-The function [`math.simplify`](../reference/functions/simplify.md) simplifies an expression tree:
-
-```js
-// simplify an expression
-console.log(math.simplify('3 + 2 / 4').toString())              // '7 / 2'
-console.log(math.simplify('2x + 3x').toString())                // '5 * x'
-console.log(math.simplify('x^2 + x + 3 + x^2').toString())      // '2 * x ^ 2 + x + 3'
-console.log(math.simplify('x * y * -x / (x ^ 2)').toString())   // '-y'
-```
-
-The function accepts either a string or an expression tree (`Node`) as input, and outputs a simplified expression tree (`Node`). This node tree can be transformed and evaluated as described in detail on the page [Expression trees](expression_trees.md).
-
-```js
-// work with an expression tree, evaluate results
-const f = math.parse('2x + x')
-const simplified = math.simplify(f)
-console.log(simplified.toString())       // '3 * x'
-console.log(simplified.evaluate({x: 4})) // 12
-```
-
-For more details on the theory of expression simplification, see:
-
-- [Strategies for simplifying math expressions (Stackoverflow)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7540227/strategies-for-simplifying-math-expressions)
-- [Symbolic computation - Simplification (Wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_computation#Simplification)
-
-
-## Derivative
-
-The function [`math.derivative`](../reference/functions/derivative.md) finds the symbolic derivative of an expression:
-
-```js
-// calculate a derivative
-console.log(math.derivative('2x^2 + 3x + 4', 'x').toString())   // '4 * x + 3'
-console.log(math.derivative('sin(2x)', 'x').toString())         // '2 * cos(2 * x)'
-```
-
-Similar to the function `math.simplify`, `math.derivative` accepts either a string or an expression tree (`Node`) as input, and outputs a simplified expression tree (`Node`).
-
-```js
-// work with an expression tree, evaluate results
-const h = math.parse('x^2 + x')
-const x = math.parse('x')
-const dh = math.derivative(h, x)
-console.log(dh.toString())        // '2 * x + 1'
-console.log(dh.evaluate({x: 3}))  // '7'
-```
-
-The rules used by `math.derivative` can be found on Wikipedia:
-
-- [Differentiation rules (Wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_rules)
-
-
-## Rationalize
-
-The function [`math.transform`](../reference/functions/transform.md)  transforms a rationalizable expression in a rational fraction.
-If rational fraction is one variable polynomial then converts the numerator and denominator in canonical form, with decreasing exponents, returning the coefficients of numerator.
-
-```js
-
-math.rationalize('2x/y - y/(x+1)')
-              // (2*x^2-y^2+2*x)/(x*y+y)
-math.rationalize('(2x+1)^6')
-              // 64*x^6+192*x^5+240*x^4+160*x^3+60*x^2+12*x+1
-math.rationalize('2x/( (2x-1) / (3x+2) ) - 5x/ ( (3x+4) / (2x^2-5) ) + 3')
-              // -20*x^4+28*x^3+104*x^2+6*x-12)/(6*x^2+5*x-4)
-
-math.rationalize('x+x+x+y',{y:1}) // 3*x+1
-math.rationalize('x+x+x+y',{})    // 3*x+y
-
-const ret = math.rationalize('x+x+x+y',{},true)
-              // ret.expression=3*x+y, ret.variables = ["x","y"]
-const ret = math.rationalize('-2+5x^2',{},true)
-              // ret.expression=5*x^2-2, ret.variables = ["x"], ret.coefficients=[-2,0,5]
-```