mathjs 11.3.3 → 11.5.0

package/lib/esm/function/algebra/polynomialRoot.js

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import { factory } from '../../utils/factory.js';
+var name = 'polynomialRoot';
+var dependencies = ['typed', 'isZero', 'equalScalar', 'add', 'subtract', 'multiply', 'divide', 'sqrt', 'unaryMinus', 'cbrt', 'typeOf', 'im', 're'];
+export var createPolynomialRoot = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
+  var {
+    typed,
+    isZero,
+    equalScalar,
+    add,
+    subtract,
+    multiply,
+    divide,
+    sqrt,
+    unaryMinus,
+    cbrt,
+    typeOf,
+    im,
+    re
+  } = _ref;
+  /**
+   * Finds the numerical values of the distinct roots of a polynomial with real or complex coefficients.
+   * Currently operates only on linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials using the standard
+   * formulas for the roots.
+   *
+   * Syntax:
+   *
+   *     polynomialRoot(constant, linearCoeff, quadraticCoeff, cubicCoeff)
+   *
+   * Examples:
+   *     // linear
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(6, 3)                                        // [-2]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(math.complex(6,3), 3)                        // [-2 - i]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(math.complex(6,3), math.complex(2,1))        // [-3 + 0i]
+   *     // quadratic
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(2, -3, 1)                                    // [2, 1]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(8, 8, 2)                                     // [-2]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(-2, 0, 1)                                    // [1.4142135623730951, -1.4142135623730951]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(2, -2, 1)                                    // [1 + i, 1 - i]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(math.complex(1,3), math.complex(-3, -2), 1)  // [2 + i, 1 + i]
+   *     // cubic
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(-6, 11, -6, 1)                               // [1, 3, 2]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(-8, 0, 0, 1)                                 // [-1 - 1.7320508075688774i, 2, -1 + 1.7320508075688774i]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(0, 8, 8, 2)                                  // [0, -2]
+   *     math.polynomialRoot(1, 1, 1, 1)                                  // [-1 + 0i, 0 - i, 0 + i]
+   *
+   * See also:
+   *     cbrt, sqrt
+   *
+   * @param {... number | Complex} coeffs
+   *     The coefficients of the polynomial, starting with with the constant coefficent, followed
+   *     by the linear coefficient and subsequent coefficients of increasing powers.
+   * @return {Array} The distinct roots of the polynomial
+   */
+
+  return typed(name, {
+    'number|Complex, ...number|Complex': (constant, restCoeffs) => {
+      var coeffs = [constant, ...restCoeffs];
+      while (coeffs.length > 0 && isZero(coeffs[coeffs.length - 1])) {
+        coeffs.pop();
+      }
+      if (coeffs.length < 2) {
+        throw new RangeError("Polynomial [".concat(constant, ", ").concat(restCoeffs, "] must have a non-zero non-constant coefficient"));
+      }
+      switch (coeffs.length) {
+        case 2:
+          // linear
+          return [unaryMinus(divide(coeffs[0], coeffs[1]))];
+        case 3:
+          {
+            // quadratic
+            var [c, b, a] = coeffs;
+            var denom = multiply(2, a);
+            var d1 = multiply(b, b);
+            var d2 = multiply(4, a, c);
+            if (equalScalar(d1, d2)) return [divide(unaryMinus(b), denom)];
+            var discriminant = sqrt(subtract(d1, d2));
+            return [divide(subtract(discriminant, b), denom), divide(subtract(unaryMinus(discriminant), b), denom)];
+          }
+        case 4:
+          {
+            // cubic, cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_equation
+            var [d, _c, _b, _a] = coeffs;
+            var _denom = unaryMinus(multiply(3, _a));
+            var D0_1 = multiply(_b, _b);
+            var D0_2 = multiply(3, _a, _c);
+            var D1_1 = add(multiply(2, _b, _b, _b), multiply(27, _a, _a, d));
+            var D1_2 = multiply(9, _a, _b, _c);
+            if (equalScalar(D0_1, D0_2) && equalScalar(D1_1, D1_2)) {
+              return [divide(_b, _denom)];
+            }
+            var Delta0 = subtract(D0_1, D0_2);
+            var Delta1 = subtract(D1_1, D1_2);
+            var discriminant1 = add(multiply(18, _a, _b, _c, d), multiply(_b, _b, _c, _c));
+            var discriminant2 = add(multiply(4, _b, _b, _b, d), multiply(4, _a, _c, _c, _c), multiply(27, _a, _a, d, d));
+            if (equalScalar(discriminant1, discriminant2)) {
+              return [divide(subtract(multiply(4, _a, _b, _c), add(multiply(9, _a, _a, d), multiply(_b, _b, _b))), multiply(_a, Delta0)),
+              // simple root
+              divide(subtract(multiply(9, _a, d), multiply(_b, _c)), multiply(2, Delta0)) // double root
+              ];
+            }
+            // OK, we have three distinct roots
+            var Ccubed;
+            if (equalScalar(D0_1, D0_2)) {
+              Ccubed = Delta1;
+            } else {
+              Ccubed = divide(add(Delta1, sqrt(subtract(multiply(Delta1, Delta1), multiply(4, Delta0, Delta0, Delta0)))), 2);
+            }
+            var allRoots = true;
+            var rawRoots = cbrt(Ccubed, allRoots).toArray().map(C => divide(add(_b, C, divide(Delta0, C)), _denom));
+            return rawRoots.map(r => {
+              if (typeOf(r) === 'Complex' && equalScalar(re(r), re(r) + im(r))) {
+                return re(r);
+              }
+              return r;
+            });
+          }
+        default:
+          throw new RangeError("only implemented for cubic or lower-order polynomials, not ".concat(coeffs));
+      }
+    }
+  });
+});

package/lib/esm/function/algebra/simplify/wildcards.js

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { isConstantNode, isFunctionNode, isOperatorNode, isParenthesisNode } from '../../../utils/is.js';
+export { isConstantNode, isSymbolNode as isVariableNode } from '../../../utils/is.js';
+export function isNumericNode(x) {
+  return isConstantNode(x) || isOperatorNode(x) && x.isUnary() && isConstantNode(x.args[0]);
+}
+export function isConstantExpression(x) {
+  if (isConstantNode(x)) {
+    // Basic Constant types
+    return true;
+  }
+  if ((isFunctionNode(x) || isOperatorNode(x)) && x.args.every(isConstantExpression)) {
+    // Can be constant depending on arguments
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (isParenthesisNode(x) && isConstantExpression(x.content)) {
+    // Parenthesis are transparent
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false; // Probably missing some edge cases
+}

package/lib/esm/function/algebra/simplify.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { isConstantNode, isParenthesisNode } from '../../utils/is.js';
+import { isParenthesisNode } from '../../utils/is.js';
+import { isConstantNode, isVariableNode, isNumericNode, isConstantExpression } from './simplify/wildcards.js';
 import { factory } from '../../utils/factory.js';
 import { createUtil } from './simplify/util.js';
 import { hasOwnProperty } from '../../utils/object.js';
@@ -75,9 +76,15 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
    * expression is that variables starting with the following characters are
    * interpreted as wildcards:
    *
-   * - 'n' - matches any Node
-   * - 'c' - matches any ConstantNode
-   * - 'v' - matches any Node that is not a ConstantNode
+   * - 'n' - Matches any node [Node]
+   * - 'c' - Matches a constant literal (5 or 3.2) [ConstantNode]
+   * - 'cl' - Matches a constant literal; same as c [ConstantNode]
+   * - 'cd' - Matches a decimal literal (5 or -3.2) [ConstantNode or unaryMinus wrapping a ConstantNode]
+   * - 'ce' - Matches a constant expression (-5 or √3) [Expressions consisting of only ConstantNodes, functions, and operators]
+   * - 'v' - Matches a variable; anything not matched by c (-5 or x) [Node that is not a ConstantNode]
+   * - 'vl' - Matches a variable literal (x or y) [SymbolNode]
+   * - 'vd' - Matches a non-decimal expression; anything not matched by cd (x or √3) [Node that is not a ConstantNode or unaryMinus that is wrapping a ConstantNode]
+   * - 've' - Matches a variable expression; anything not matched by ce (x or 2x) [Expressions that contain a SymbolNode or other non-constant term]
    *
    * The default list of rules is exposed on the function as `simplify.rules`
    * and can be used as a basis to built a set of custom rules. Note that since
@@ -250,7 +257,7 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       }
     }
   }, {
-    s: '-(c*v) -> v * (-c)',
+    s: '-(cl*v) -> v * (-cl)',
     // make non-constant terms positive
     assuming: {
       multiply: {
@@ -261,7 +268,7 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       }
     }
   }, {
-    s: '-(c*v) -> (-c) * v',
+    s: '-(cl*v) -> (-cl) * v',
     // non-commutative version, part 1
     assuming: {
       multiply: {
@@ -272,7 +279,7 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       }
     }
   }, {
-    s: '-(v*c) -> v * (-c)',
+    s: '-(v*cl) -> v * (-cl)',
     // non-commutative version, part 2
     assuming: {
       multiply: {
@@ -330,24 +337,24 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
   },
   // collect like factors; into a sum, only do this for nonconstants
   {
-    l: ' v   * ( v   * n1 + n2)',
-    r: 'v^2       * n1 +  v   * n2'
+    l: ' vd   * ( vd   * n1 + n2)',
+    r: 'vd^2       * n1 +  vd   * n2'
   }, {
-    s: ' v   * (v^n4 * n1 + n2)   ->  v^(1+n4)  * n1 +  v   * n2',
+    s: ' vd   * (vd^n4 * n1 + n2)   ->  vd^(1+n4)  * n1 +  vd   * n2',
     assuming: {
       divide: {
         total: true
       }
     } // v*1/v = v^(1+-1) needs 1/v
   }, {
-    s: 'v^n3 * ( v   * n1 + n2)   ->  v^(n3+1)  * n1 + v^n3 * n2',
+    s: 'vd^n3 * ( vd   * n1 + n2)   ->  vd^(n3+1)  * n1 + vd^n3 * n2',
     assuming: {
       divide: {
         total: true
       }
     }
   }, {
-    s: 'v^n3 * (v^n4 * n1 + n2)   ->  v^(n3+n4) * n1 + v^n3 * n2',
+    s: 'vd^n3 * (vd^n4 * n1 + n2)   ->  vd^(n3+n4) * n1 + vd^n3 * n2',
     assuming: {
       divide: {
         total: true
@@ -390,8 +397,8 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
     l: 'n+-n',
     r: '0'
   }, {
-    l: 'v*n + v',
-    r: 'v*(n+1)'
+    l: 'vd*n + vd',
+    r: 'vd*(n+1)'
   },
   // NOTE: leftmost position is special:
   {
@@ -405,9 +412,17 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
   }, {
     l: 'n3^(-n4)*n1 + n3^n5 * n2',
     r: 'n3^(-n4)*(n1 + n3^(n4+n5)*n2)'
+  },
+  // noncommutative additional cases (term collection & factoring)
+  {
+    s: 'n*vd + vd -> (n+1)*vd',
+    assuming: {
+      multiply: {
+        commutative: false
+      }
+    }
   }, {
-    s: 'n*v + v -> (n+1)*v',
-    // noncommutative additional cases
+    s: 'vd + n*vd -> (1+n)*vd',
     assuming: {
       multiply: {
         commutative: false
@@ -420,6 +435,16 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
         commutative: false
       }
     }
+  }, {
+    s: 'n^n1 * n -> n^(n1+1)',
+    assuming: {
+      divide: {
+        total: true
+      },
+      multiply: {
+        commutative: false
+      }
+    }
   }, {
     s: 'n1*n3^(-n4) + n2 * n3    -> (n1 + n2*n3^(n4 +  1))*n3^(-n4)',
     assuming: {
@@ -435,10 +460,17 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       }
     }
   }, {
-    l: 'n*c + c',
-    r: '(n+1)*c'
+    l: 'n*cd + cd',
+    r: '(n+1)*cd'
   }, {
-    s: 'c*n + c -> c*(n+1)',
+    s: 'cd*n + cd -> cd*(n+1)',
+    assuming: {
+      multiply: {
+        commutative: false
+      }
+    }
+  }, {
+    s: 'cd + cd*n -> cd*(1+n)',
     assuming: {
       multiply: {
         commutative: false
@@ -469,7 +501,7 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
   },
   // final ordering of constants
   {
-    s: 'c+v -> v+c',
+    s: 'ce+ve -> ve+ce',
     assuming: {
       add: {
         commutative: true
@@ -481,7 +513,7 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       }
     }
   }, {
-    s: 'v*c -> c*v',
+    s: 'vd*cd -> cd*vd',
     assuming: {
       multiply: {
         commutative: true
@@ -599,15 +631,33 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       newRule.evaluate = parse(ruleObject.evaluate);
     }
     if (isAssociative(newRule.l, context)) {
+      var nonCommutative = !isCommutative(newRule.l, context);
+      var leftExpandsym;
+      // Gen. the LHS placeholder used in this NC-context specific expansion rules
+      if (nonCommutative) leftExpandsym = _getExpandPlaceholderSymbol();
       var makeNode = createMakeNodeFunction(newRule.l);
       var expandsym = _getExpandPlaceholderSymbol();
       newRule.expanded = {};
-      newRule.expanded.l = makeNode([newRule.l.clone(), expandsym]);
+      newRule.expanded.l = makeNode([newRule.l, expandsym]);
       // Push the expandsym into the deepest possible branch.
       // This helps to match the newRule against nodes returned from getSplits() later on.
       flatten(newRule.expanded.l, context);
       unflattenr(newRule.expanded.l, context);
       newRule.expanded.r = makeNode([newRule.r, expandsym]);
+
+      // In and for a non-commutative context, attempting with yet additional expansion rules makes
+      // way for more matches cases of multi-arg expressions; such that associative rules (such as
+      // 'n*n -> n^2') can be applied to exprs. such as 'a * b * b' and 'a * b * b * a'.
+      if (nonCommutative) {
+        // 'Non-commutative' 1: LHS (placeholder) only
+        newRule.expandedNC1 = {};
+        newRule.expandedNC1.l = makeNode([leftExpandsym, newRule.l]);
+        newRule.expandedNC1.r = makeNode([leftExpandsym, newRule.r]);
+        // 'Non-commutative' 2: farmost LHS and RHS placeholders
+        newRule.expandedNC2 = {};
+        newRule.expandedNC2.l = makeNode([leftExpandsym, newRule.expanded.l]);
+        newRule.expandedNC2.r = makeNode([leftExpandsym, newRule.expanded.r]);
+      }
     }
     return newRule;
   }
@@ -813,6 +863,16 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       repl = rule.expanded.r;
       matches = _ruleMatch(rule.expanded.l, res, mergedContext)[0];
     }
+    // Additional, non-commutative context expansion-rules
+    if (!matches && rule.expandedNC1) {
+      repl = rule.expandedNC1.r;
+      matches = _ruleMatch(rule.expandedNC1.l, res, mergedContext)[0];
+      if (!matches) {
+        // Existence of NC1 implies NC2
+        repl = rule.expandedNC2.r;
+        matches = _ruleMatch(rule.expandedNC2.l, res, mergedContext)[0];
+      }
+    }
     if (matches) {
       // const before = res.toString({parenthesis: 'all'})
 
@@ -1030,8 +1090,8 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
         res = mergeChildMatches(childMatches);
       } else if (node.args.length >= 2 && rule.args.length === 2) {
         // node is flattened, rule is not
-        // Associative operators/functions can be split in different ways so we check if the rule matches each
-        // them and return their union.
+        // Associative operators/functions can be split in different ways so we check if the rule
+        // matches for each of them and return their union.
         var splits = getSplits(node, context);
         var splitMatches = [];
         for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < splits.length; _i2++) {
@@ -1047,9 +1107,8 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
       }
     } else if (rule instanceof SymbolNode) {
       // If the rule is a SymbolNode, then it carries a special meaning
-      // according to the first character of the symbol node name.
-      // c.* matches a ConstantNode
-      // n.* matches any node
+      // according to the first one or two characters of the symbol node name.
+      // These meanings are expalined in the documentation for simplify()
       if (rule.name.length === 0) {
         throw new Error('Symbol in rule has 0 length...!?');
       }
@@ -1058,29 +1117,83 @@ export var createSimplify = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
         if (rule.name !== node.name) {
           return [];
         }
-      } else if (rule.name[0] === 'n' || rule.name.substring(0, 2) === '_p') {
-        // rule matches _anything_, so assign this node to the rule.name placeholder
-        // Assign node to the rule.name placeholder.
-        // Our parent will check for matches among placeholders.
-        res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
-      } else if (rule.name[0] === 'v') {
-        // rule matches any variable thing (not a ConstantNode)
-        if (!isConstantNode(node)) {
-          res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
-        } else {
-          // Mis-match: rule was expecting something other than a ConstantNode
-          return [];
-        }
-      } else if (rule.name[0] === 'c') {
-        // rule matches any ConstantNode
-        if (node instanceof ConstantNode) {
-          res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
-        } else {
-          // Mis-match: rule was expecting a ConstantNode
-          return [];
-        }
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid symbol in rule: ' + rule.name);
+        // wildcards are composed of up to two alphabetic or underscore characters
+        switch (rule.name[1] >= 'a' && rule.name[1] <= 'z' ? rule.name.substring(0, 2) : rule.name[0]) {
+          case 'n':
+          case '_p':
+            // rule matches _anything_, so assign this node to the rule.name placeholder
+            // Assign node to the rule.name placeholder.
+            // Our parent will check for matches among placeholders.
+            res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            break;
+          case 'c':
+          case 'cl':
+            // rule matches a ConstantNode
+            if (isConstantNode(node)) {
+              res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            } else {
+              // mis-match: rule does not encompass current node
+              return [];
+            }
+            break;
+          case 'v':
+            // rule matches anything other than a ConstantNode
+            if (!isConstantNode(node)) {
+              res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            } else {
+              // mis-match: rule does not encompass current node
+              return [];
+            }
+            break;
+          case 'vl':
+            // rule matches VariableNode
+            if (isVariableNode(node)) {
+              res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            } else {
+              // mis-match: rule does not encompass current node
+              return [];
+            }
+            break;
+          case 'cd':
+            // rule matches a ConstantNode or unaryMinus-wrapped ConstantNode
+            if (isNumericNode(node)) {
+              res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            } else {
+              // mis-match: rule does not encompass current node
+              return [];
+            }
+            break;
+          case 'vd':
+            // rule matches anything other than a ConstantNode or unaryMinus-wrapped ConstantNode
+            if (!isNumericNode(node)) {
+              res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            } else {
+              // mis-match: rule does not encompass current node
+              return [];
+            }
+            break;
+          case 'ce':
+            // rule matches expressions that have a constant value
+            if (isConstantExpression(node)) {
+              res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            } else {
+              // mis-match: rule does not encompass current node
+              return [];
+            }
+            break;
+          case 've':
+            // rule matches expressions that do not have a constant value
+            if (!isConstantExpression(node)) {
+              res[0].placeholders[rule.name] = node;
+            } else {
+              // mis-match: rule does not encompass current node
+              return [];
+            }
+            break;
+          default:
+            throw new Error('Invalid symbol in rule: ' + rule.name);
+        }
       }
     } else if (rule instanceof ConstantNode) {
       // Literal constant must match exactly

package/lib/esm/function/algebra/simplifyConstant.js

@@ -286,20 +286,37 @@ export var createSimplifyConstant = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _
    * @return - Either a Node representing a binary expression or Fraction
    */
   function foldOp(fn, args, makeNode, options) {
-    return args.reduce(function (a, b) {
-      if (!isNode(a) && !isNode(b)) {
+    var first = args.shift();
+
+    // In the following reduction, sofar always has one of the three following
+    // forms: [NODE], [CONSTANT], or [NODE, CONSTANT]
+    var reduction = args.reduce((sofar, next) => {
+      if (!isNode(next)) {
+        var last = sofar.pop();
+        if (isNode(last)) {
+          return [last, next];
+        }
+        // Two constants in a row, try to fold them into one
         try {
-          return _eval(fn, [a, b], options);
-        } catch (ignoreandcontinue) {}
-        a = _toNode(a);
-        b = _toNode(b);
-      } else if (!isNode(a)) {
-        a = _toNode(a);
-      } else if (!isNode(b)) {
-        b = _toNode(b);
+          sofar.push(_eval(fn, [last, next], options));
+          return sofar;
+        } catch (ignoreandcontinue) {
+          sofar.push(last);
+          // fall through to Node case
+        }
       }
-      return makeNode([a, b]);
-    });
+
+      // Encountered a Node, or failed folding --
+      // collapse everything so far into a single tree:
+      sofar.push(_ensureNode(sofar.pop()));
+      var newtree = sofar.length === 1 ? sofar[0] : makeNode(sofar);
+      return [makeNode([newtree, _ensureNode(next)])];
+    }, [first]);
+    if (reduction.length === 1) {
+      return reduction[0];
+    }
+    // Might end up with a tree and a constant at the end:
+    return makeNode([reduction[0], _toNode(reduction[1])]);
   }
 
   // destroys the original node and returns a folded one

package/lib/esm/function/algebra/sylvester.js

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import { factory } from '../../utils/factory.js';
+var name = 'sylvester';
+var dependencies = ['typed', 'schur', 'matrixFromColumns', 'matrix', 'multiply', 'range', 'concat', 'transpose', 'index', 'subset', 'add', 'subtract', 'identity', 'lusolve', 'abs'];
+export var createSylvester = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
+  var {
+    typed,
+    schur,
+    matrixFromColumns,
+    matrix,
+    multiply,
+    range,
+    concat,
+    transpose,
+    index,
+    subset,
+    add,
+    subtract,
+    identity,
+    lusolve,
+    abs
+  } = _ref;
+  /**
+   *
+   * Solves the real-valued Sylvester equation AX+XB=C for X, where A, B and C are
+   * matrices of appropriate dimensions, being A and B squared. Notice that other
+   * equivalent definitions for the Sylvester equation exist and this function
+   * assumes the one presented in the original publication of the the Bartels-
+   * Stewart algorithm, which is implemented by this function.
+   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_equation
+   *
+   * Syntax:
+   *
+   *     math.sylvester(A, B, C)
+   *
+   * Examples:
+   *
+   *     const A = [[-1, -2], [1, 1]]
+   *     const B = [[2, -1], [1, -2]]
+   *     const C = [[-3, 2], [3, 0]]
+   *     math.sylvester(A, B, C)      // returns DenseMatrix [[-0.25, 0.25], [1.5, -1.25]]
+   *
+   * See also:
+   *
+   *     schur, lyap
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix | Array} A  Matrix A
+   * @param {Matrix | Array} B  Matrix B
+   * @param {Matrix | Array} C  Matrix C
+   * @return {Matrix | Array}   Matrix X, solving the Sylvester equation
+   */
+  return typed(name, {
+    'Matrix, Matrix, Matrix': _sylvester,
+    'Array, Matrix, Matrix': function ArrayMatrixMatrix(A, B, C) {
+      return _sylvester(matrix(A), B, C);
+    },
+    'Array, Array, Matrix': function ArrayArrayMatrix(A, B, C) {
+      return _sylvester(matrix(A), matrix(B), C);
+    },
+    'Array, Matrix, Array': function ArrayMatrixArray(A, B, C) {
+      return _sylvester(matrix(A), B, matrix(C));
+    },
+    'Matrix, Array, Matrix': function MatrixArrayMatrix(A, B, C) {
+      return _sylvester(A, matrix(B), C);
+    },
+    'Matrix, Array, Array': function MatrixArrayArray(A, B, C) {
+      return _sylvester(A, matrix(B), matrix(C));
+    },
+    'Matrix, Matrix, Array': function MatrixMatrixArray(A, B, C) {
+      return _sylvester(A, B, matrix(C));
+    },
+    'Array, Array, Array': function ArrayArrayArray(A, B, C) {
+      return _sylvester(matrix(A), matrix(B), matrix(C)).toArray();
+    }
+  });
+  function _sylvester(A, B, C) {
+    var n = B.size()[0];
+    var m = A.size()[0];
+    var sA = schur(A);
+    var F = sA.T;
+    var U = sA.U;
+    var sB = schur(multiply(-1, B));
+    var G = sB.T;
+    var V = sB.U;
+    var D = multiply(multiply(transpose(U), C), V);
+    var all = range(0, m);
+    var y = [];
+    var hc = (a, b) => concat(a, b, 1);
+    var vc = (a, b) => concat(a, b, 0);
+    for (var k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+      if (k < n - 1 && abs(subset(G, index(k + 1, k))) > 1e-5) {
+        var RHS = vc(subset(D, index(all, k)), subset(D, index(all, k + 1)));
+        for (var j = 0; j < k; j++) {
+          RHS = add(RHS, vc(multiply(y[j], subset(G, index(j, k))), multiply(y[j], subset(G, index(j, k + 1)))));
+        }
+        var gkk = multiply(identity(m), multiply(-1, subset(G, index(k, k))));
+        var gmk = multiply(identity(m), multiply(-1, subset(G, index(k + 1, k))));
+        var gkm = multiply(identity(m), multiply(-1, subset(G, index(k, k + 1))));
+        var gmm = multiply(identity(m), multiply(-1, subset(G, index(k + 1, k + 1))));
+        var LHS = vc(hc(add(F, gkk), gmk), hc(gkm, add(F, gmm)));
+        var yAux = lusolve(LHS, RHS);
+        y[k] = yAux.subset(index(range(0, m), 0));
+        y[k + 1] = yAux.subset(index(range(m, 2 * m), 0));
+        k++;
+      } else {
+        var _RHS = subset(D, index(all, k));
+        for (var _j = 0; _j < k; _j++) {
+          _RHS = add(_RHS, multiply(y[_j], subset(G, index(_j, k))));
+        }
+        var _gkk = subset(G, index(k, k));
+        var _LHS = subtract(F, multiply(_gkk, identity(m)));
+        y[k] = lusolve(_LHS, _RHS);
+      }
+    }
+    var Y = matrix(matrixFromColumns(...y));
+    var X = multiply(U, multiply(Y, transpose(V)));
+    return X;
+  }
+});

package/lib/esm/function/matrix/forEach.js

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export var createForEach = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
   return typed(name, {
     'Array, function': _forEach,
     'Matrix, function': function MatrixFunction(x, callback) {
-      return x.forEach(callback);
+      x.forEach(callback);
     }
   });
 });

package/lib/esm/function/matrix/reshape.js

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export var createReshape = /* #__PURE__ */factory(name, dependencies, _ref => {
    */
   return typed(name, {
     'Matrix, Array': function MatrixArray(x, sizes) {
-      return x.reshape(sizes);
+      return x.reshape(sizes, true);
     },
     'Array, Array': function ArrayArray(x, sizes) {
       sizes.forEach(function (size) {