mancha 0.3.1 → 0.3.3

package/examples/rendered/node_modules/express/lib/response.js

@@ -1,1169 +0,0 @@
-/*!
- * express
- * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
- * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
- * MIT Licensed
- */
-
-'use strict';
-
-/**
- * Module dependencies.
- * @private
- */
-
-var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
-var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition');
-var createError = require('http-errors')
-var deprecate = require('depd')('express');
-var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl');
-var escapeHtml = require('escape-html');
-var http = require('http');
-var isAbsolute = require('./utils').isAbsolute;
-var onFinished = require('on-finished');
-var path = require('path');
-var statuses = require('statuses')
-var merge = require('utils-merge');
-var sign = require('cookie-signature').sign;
-var normalizeType = require('./utils').normalizeType;
-var normalizeTypes = require('./utils').normalizeTypes;
-var setCharset = require('./utils').setCharset;
-var cookie = require('cookie');
-var send = require('send');
-var extname = path.extname;
-var mime = send.mime;
-var resolve = path.resolve;
-var vary = require('vary');
-
-/**
- * Response prototype.
- * @public
- */
-
-var res = Object.create(http.ServerResponse.prototype)
-
-/**
- * Module exports.
- * @public
- */
-
-module.exports = res
-
-/**
- * Module variables.
- * @private
- */
-
-var charsetRegExp = /;\s*charset\s*=/;
-
-/**
- * Set status `code`.
- *
- * @param {Number} code
- * @return {ServerResponse}
- * @public
- */
-
-res.status = function status(code) {
-  if ((typeof code === 'string' || Math.floor(code) !== code) && code > 99 && code < 1000) {
-    deprecate('res.status(' + JSON.stringify(code) + '): use res.status(' + Math.floor(code) + ') instead')
-  }
-  this.statusCode = code;
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Set Link header field with the given `links`.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *    res.links({
- *      next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
- *      last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
- *    });
- *
- * @param {Object} links
- * @return {ServerResponse}
- * @public
- */
-
-res.links = function(links){
-  var link = this.get('Link') || '';
-  if (link) link += ', ';
-  return this.set('Link', link + Object.keys(links).map(function(rel){
-    return '<' + links[rel] + '>; rel="' + rel + '"';
-  }).join(', '));
-};
-
-/**
- * Send a response.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     res.send(Buffer.from('wahoo'));
- *     res.send({ some: 'json' });
- *     res.send('<p>some html</p>');
- *
- * @param {string|number|boolean|object|Buffer} body
- * @public
- */
-
-res.send = function send(body) {
-  var chunk = body;
-  var encoding;
-  var req = this.req;
-  var type;
-
-  // settings
-  var app = this.app;
-
-  // allow status / body
-  if (arguments.length === 2) {
-    // res.send(body, status) backwards compat
-    if (typeof arguments[0] !== 'number' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-      deprecate('res.send(body, status): Use res.status(status).send(body) instead');
-      this.statusCode = arguments[1];
-    } else {
-      deprecate('res.send(status, body): Use res.status(status).send(body) instead');
-      this.statusCode = arguments[0];
-      chunk = arguments[1];
-    }
-  }
-
-  // disambiguate res.send(status) and res.send(status, num)
-  if (typeof chunk === 'number' && arguments.length === 1) {
-    // res.send(status) will set status message as text string
-    if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
-      this.type('txt');
-    }
-
-    deprecate('res.send(status): Use res.sendStatus(status) instead');
-    this.statusCode = chunk;
-    chunk = statuses.message[chunk]
-  }
-
-  switch (typeof chunk) {
-    // string defaulting to html
-    case 'string':
-      if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
-        this.type('html');
-      }
-      break;
-    case 'boolean':
-    case 'number':
-    case 'object':
-      if (chunk === null) {
-        chunk = '';
-      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
-        if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
-          this.type('bin');
-        }
-      } else {
-        return this.json(chunk);
-      }
-      break;
-  }
-
-  // write strings in utf-8
-  if (typeof chunk === 'string') {
-    encoding = 'utf8';
-    type = this.get('Content-Type');
-
-    // reflect this in content-type
-    if (typeof type === 'string') {
-      this.set('Content-Type', setCharset(type, 'utf-8'));
-    }
-  }
-
-  // determine if ETag should be generated
-  var etagFn = app.get('etag fn')
-  var generateETag = !this.get('ETag') && typeof etagFn === 'function'
-
-  // populate Content-Length
-  var len
-  if (chunk !== undefined) {
-    if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
-      // get length of Buffer
-      len = chunk.length
-    } else if (!generateETag && chunk.length < 1000) {
-      // just calculate length when no ETag + small chunk
-      len = Buffer.byteLength(chunk, encoding)
-    } else {
-      // convert chunk to Buffer and calculate
-      chunk = Buffer.from(chunk, encoding)
-      encoding = undefined;
-      len = chunk.length
-    }
-
-    this.set('Content-Length', len);
-  }
-
-  // populate ETag
-  var etag;
-  if (generateETag && len !== undefined) {
-    if ((etag = etagFn(chunk, encoding))) {
-      this.set('ETag', etag);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // freshness
-  if (req.fresh) this.statusCode = 304;
-
-  // strip irrelevant headers
-  if (204 === this.statusCode || 304 === this.statusCode) {
-    this.removeHeader('Content-Type');
-    this.removeHeader('Content-Length');
-    this.removeHeader('Transfer-Encoding');
-    chunk = '';
-  }
-
-  // alter headers for 205
-  if (this.statusCode === 205) {
-    this.set('Content-Length', '0')
-    this.removeHeader('Transfer-Encoding')
-    chunk = ''
-  }
-
-  if (req.method === 'HEAD') {
-    // skip body for HEAD
-    this.end();
-  } else {
-    // respond
-    this.end(chunk, encoding);
-  }
-
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Send JSON response.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     res.json(null);
- *     res.json({ user: 'tj' });
- *
- * @param {string|number|boolean|object} obj
- * @public
- */
-
-res.json = function json(obj) {
-  var val = obj;
-
-  // allow status / body
-  if (arguments.length === 2) {
-    // res.json(body, status) backwards compat
-    if (typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-      deprecate('res.json(obj, status): Use res.status(status).json(obj) instead');
-      this.statusCode = arguments[1];
-    } else {
-      deprecate('res.json(status, obj): Use res.status(status).json(obj) instead');
-      this.statusCode = arguments[0];
-      val = arguments[1];
-    }
-  }
-
-  // settings
-  var app = this.app;
-  var escape = app.get('json escape')
-  var replacer = app.get('json replacer');
-  var spaces = app.get('json spaces');
-  var body = stringify(val, replacer, spaces, escape)
-
-  // content-type
-  if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
-    this.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
-  }
-
-  return this.send(body);
-};
-
-/**
- * Send JSON response with JSONP callback support.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     res.jsonp(null);
- *     res.jsonp({ user: 'tj' });
- *
- * @param {string|number|boolean|object} obj
- * @public
- */
-
-res.jsonp = function jsonp(obj) {
-  var val = obj;
-
-  // allow status / body
-  if (arguments.length === 2) {
-    // res.jsonp(body, status) backwards compat
-    if (typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-      deprecate('res.jsonp(obj, status): Use res.status(status).jsonp(obj) instead');
-      this.statusCode = arguments[1];
-    } else {
-      deprecate('res.jsonp(status, obj): Use res.status(status).jsonp(obj) instead');
-      this.statusCode = arguments[0];
-      val = arguments[1];
-    }
-  }
-
-  // settings
-  var app = this.app;
-  var escape = app.get('json escape')
-  var replacer = app.get('json replacer');
-  var spaces = app.get('json spaces');
-  var body = stringify(val, replacer, spaces, escape)
-  var callback = this.req.query[app.get('jsonp callback name')];
-
-  // content-type
-  if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
-    this.set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
-    this.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
-  }
-
-  // fixup callback
-  if (Array.isArray(callback)) {
-    callback = callback[0];
-  }
-
-  // jsonp
-  if (typeof callback === 'string' && callback.length !== 0) {
-    this.set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
-    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/javascript');
-
-    // restrict callback charset
-    callback = callback.replace(/[^\[\]\w$.]/g, '');
-
-    if (body === undefined) {
-      // empty argument
-      body = ''
-    } else if (typeof body === 'string') {
-      // replace chars not allowed in JavaScript that are in JSON
-      body = body
-        .replace(/\u2028/g, '\\u2028')
-        .replace(/\u2029/g, '\\u2029')
-    }
-
-    // the /**/ is a specific security mitigation for "Rosetta Flash JSONP abuse"
-    // the typeof check is just to reduce client error noise
-    body = '/**/ typeof ' + callback + ' === \'function\' && ' + callback + '(' + body + ');';
-  }
-
-  return this.send(body);
-};
-
-/**
- * Send given HTTP status code.
- *
- * Sets the response status to `statusCode` and the body of the
- * response to the standard description from node's http.STATUS_CODES
- * or the statusCode number if no description.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     res.sendStatus(200);
- *
- * @param {number} statusCode
- * @public
- */
-
-res.sendStatus = function sendStatus(statusCode) {
-  var body = statuses.message[statusCode] || String(statusCode)
-
-  this.statusCode = statusCode;
-  this.type('txt');
-
-  return this.send(body);
-};
-
-/**
- * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
- *
- * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
- * The callback `callback(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
- * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.headersSent`
- * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
- * may have already been transferred.
- *
- * Options:
- *
- *   - `maxAge`   defaulting to 0 (can be string converted by `ms`)
- *   - `root`     root directory for relative filenames
- *   - `headers`  object of headers to serve with file
- *   - `dotfiles` serve dotfiles, defaulting to false; can be `"allow"` to send them
- *
- * Other options are passed along to `send`.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendFile()` may
- *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
- *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendFile()` is actually
- *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
- *
- *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
- *       var uid = req.params.uid
- *         , file = req.params.file;
- *
- *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
- *         if (yes) {
- *           res.sendFile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
- *         } else {
- *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
- *         }
- *       });
- *     });
- *
- * @public
- */
-
-res.sendFile = function sendFile(path, options, callback) {
-  var done = callback;
-  var req = this.req;
-  var res = this;
-  var next = req.next;
-  var opts = options || {};
-
-  if (!path) {
-    throw new TypeError('path argument is required to res.sendFile');
-  }
-
-  if (typeof path !== 'string') {
-    throw new TypeError('path must be a string to res.sendFile')
-  }
-
-  // support function as second arg
-  if (typeof options === 'function') {
-    done = options;
-    opts = {};
-  }
-
-  if (!opts.root && !isAbsolute(path)) {
-    throw new TypeError('path must be absolute or specify root to res.sendFile');
-  }
-
-  // create file stream
-  var pathname = encodeURI(path);
-  var file = send(req, pathname, opts);
-
-  // transfer
-  sendfile(res, file, opts, function (err) {
-    if (done) return done(err);
-    if (err && err.code === 'EISDIR') return next();
-
-    // next() all but write errors
-    if (err && err.code !== 'ECONNABORTED' && err.syscall !== 'write') {
-      next(err);
-    }
-  });
-};
-
-/**
- * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
- *
- * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
- * The callback `callback(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
- * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.headersSent`
- * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
- * may have already been transferred.
- *
- * Options:
- *
- *   - `maxAge`   defaulting to 0 (can be string converted by `ms`)
- *   - `root`     root directory for relative filenames
- *   - `headers`  object of headers to serve with file
- *   - `dotfiles` serve dotfiles, defaulting to false; can be `"allow"` to send them
- *
- * Other options are passed along to `send`.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendfile()` may
- *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
- *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendfile()` is actually
- *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
- *
- *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
- *       var uid = req.params.uid
- *         , file = req.params.file;
- *
- *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
- *         if (yes) {
- *           res.sendfile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
- *         } else {
- *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
- *         }
- *       });
- *     });
- *
- * @public
- */
-
-res.sendfile = function (path, options, callback) {
-  var done = callback;
-  var req = this.req;
-  var res = this;
-  var next = req.next;
-  var opts = options || {};
-
-  // support function as second arg
-  if (typeof options === 'function') {
-    done = options;
-    opts = {};
-  }
-
-  // create file stream
-  var file = send(req, path, opts);
-
-  // transfer
-  sendfile(res, file, opts, function (err) {
-    if (done) return done(err);
-    if (err && err.code === 'EISDIR') return next();
-
-    // next() all but write errors
-    if (err && err.code !== 'ECONNABORTED' && err.syscall !== 'write') {
-      next(err);
-    }
-  });
-};
-
-res.sendfile = deprecate.function(res.sendfile,
-  'res.sendfile: Use res.sendFile instead');
-
-/**
- * Transfer the file at the given `path` as an attachment.
- *
- * Optionally providing an alternate attachment `filename`,
- * and optional callback `callback(err)`. The callback is invoked
- * when the data transfer is complete, or when an error has
- * occurred. Be sure to check `res.headersSent` if you plan to respond.
- *
- * Optionally providing an `options` object to use with `res.sendFile()`.
- * This function will set the `Content-Disposition` header, overriding
- * any `Content-Disposition` header passed as header options in order
- * to set the attachment and filename.
- *
- * This method uses `res.sendFile()`.
- *
- * @public
- */
-
-res.download = function download (path, filename, options, callback) {
-  var done = callback;
-  var name = filename;
-  var opts = options || null
-
-  // support function as second or third arg
-  if (typeof filename === 'function') {
-    done = filename;
-    name = null;
-    opts = null
-  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
-    done = options
-    opts = null
-  }
-
-  // support optional filename, where options may be in it's place
-  if (typeof filename === 'object' &&
-    (typeof options === 'function' || options === undefined)) {
-    name = null
-    opts = filename
-  }
-
-  // set Content-Disposition when file is sent
-  var headers = {
-    'Content-Disposition': contentDisposition(name || path)
-  };
-
-  // merge user-provided headers
-  if (opts && opts.headers) {
-    var keys = Object.keys(opts.headers)
-    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-      var key = keys[i]
-      if (key.toLowerCase() !== 'content-disposition') {
-        headers[key] = opts.headers[key]
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // merge user-provided options
-  opts = Object.create(opts)
-  opts.headers = headers
-
-  // Resolve the full path for sendFile
-  var fullPath = !opts.root
-    ? resolve(path)
-    : path
-
-  // send file
-  return this.sendFile(fullPath, opts, done)
-};
-
-/**
- * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
- * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     res.type('.html');
- *     res.type('html');
- *     res.type('json');
- *     res.type('application/json');
- *     res.type('png');
- *
- * @param {String} type
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.contentType =
-res.type = function contentType(type) {
-  var ct = type.indexOf('/') === -1
-    ? mime.lookup(type)
-    : type;
-
-  return this.set('Content-Type', ct);
-};
-
-/**
- * Respond to the Acceptable formats using an `obj`
- * of mime-type callbacks.
- *
- * This method uses `req.accepted`, an array of
- * acceptable types ordered by their quality values.
- * When "Accept" is not present the _first_ callback
- * is invoked, otherwise the first match is used. When
- * no match is performed the server responds with
- * 406 "Not Acceptable".
- *
- * Content-Type is set for you, however if you choose
- * you may alter this within the callback using `res.type()`
- * or `res.set('Content-Type', ...)`.
- *
- *    res.format({
- *      'text/plain': function(){
- *        res.send('hey');
- *      },
- *
- *      'text/html': function(){
- *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
- *      },
- *
- *      'application/json': function () {
- *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
- *      }
- *    });
- *
- * In addition to canonicalized MIME types you may
- * also use extnames mapped to these types:
- *
- *    res.format({
- *      text: function(){
- *        res.send('hey');
- *      },
- *
- *      html: function(){
- *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
- *      },
- *
- *      json: function(){
- *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
- *      }
- *    });
- *
- * By default Express passes an `Error`
- * with a `.status` of 406 to `next(err)`
- * if a match is not made. If you provide
- * a `.default` callback it will be invoked
- * instead.
- *
- * @param {Object} obj
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.format = function(obj){
-  var req = this.req;
-  var next = req.next;
-
-  var keys = Object.keys(obj)
-    .filter(function (v) { return v !== 'default' })
-
-  var key = keys.length > 0
-    ? req.accepts(keys)
-    : false;
-
-  this.vary("Accept");
-
-  if (key) {
-    this.set('Content-Type', normalizeType(key).value);
-    obj[key](req, this, next);
-  } else if (obj.default) {
-    obj.default(req, this, next)
-  } else {
-    next(createError(406, {
-      types: normalizeTypes(keys).map(function (o) { return o.value })
-    }))
-  }
-
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Set _Content-Disposition_ header to _attachment_ with optional `filename`.
- *
- * @param {String} filename
- * @return {ServerResponse}
- * @public
- */
-
-res.attachment = function attachment(filename) {
-  if (filename) {
-    this.type(extname(filename));
-  }
-
-  this.set('Content-Disposition', contentDisposition(filename));
-
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Append additional header `field` with value `val`.
- *
- * Example:
- *
- *    res.append('Link', ['<http://localhost/>', '<http://localhost:3000/>']);
- *    res.append('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar; Path=/; HttpOnly');
- *    res.append('Warning', '199 Miscellaneous warning');
- *
- * @param {String} field
- * @param {String|Array} val
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.append = function append(field, val) {
-  var prev = this.get(field);
-  var value = val;
-
-  if (prev) {
-    // concat the new and prev vals
-    value = Array.isArray(prev) ? prev.concat(val)
-      : Array.isArray(val) ? [prev].concat(val)
-        : [prev, val]
-  }
-
-  return this.set(field, value);
-};
-
-/**
- * Set header `field` to `val`, or pass
- * an object of header fields.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *    res.set('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
- *    res.set('Accept', 'application/json');
- *    res.set({ Accept: 'text/plain', 'X-API-Key': 'tobi' });
- *
- * Aliased as `res.header()`.
- *
- * @param {String|Object} field
- * @param {String|Array} val
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.set =
-res.header = function header(field, val) {
-  if (arguments.length === 2) {
-    var value = Array.isArray(val)
-      ? val.map(String)
-      : String(val);
-
-    // add charset to content-type
-    if (field.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {
-      if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-        throw new TypeError('Content-Type cannot be set to an Array');
-      }
-      if (!charsetRegExp.test(value)) {
-        var charset = mime.charsets.lookup(value.split(';')[0]);
-        if (charset) value += '; charset=' + charset.toLowerCase();
-      }
-    }
-
-    this.setHeader(field, value);
-  } else {
-    for (var key in field) {
-      this.set(key, field[key]);
-    }
-  }
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Get value for header `field`.
- *
- * @param {String} field
- * @return {String}
- * @public
- */
-
-res.get = function(field){
-  return this.getHeader(field);
-};
-
-/**
- * Clear cookie `name`.
- *
- * @param {String} name
- * @param {Object} [options]
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.clearCookie = function clearCookie(name, options) {
-  var opts = merge({ expires: new Date(1), path: '/' }, options);
-
-  return this.cookie(name, '', opts);
-};
-
-/**
- * Set cookie `name` to `value`, with the given `options`.
- *
- * Options:
- *
- *    - `maxAge`   max-age in milliseconds, converted to `expires`
- *    - `signed`   sign the cookie
- *    - `path`     defaults to "/"
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *    // "Remember Me" for 15 minutes
- *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true });
- *
- *    // same as above
- *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })
- *
- * @param {String} name
- * @param {String|Object} value
- * @param {Object} [options]
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.cookie = function (name, value, options) {
-  var opts = merge({}, options);
-  var secret = this.req.secret;
-  var signed = opts.signed;
-
-  if (signed && !secret) {
-    throw new Error('cookieParser("secret") required for signed cookies');
-  }
-
-  var val = typeof value === 'object'
-    ? 'j:' + JSON.stringify(value)
-    : String(value);
-
-  if (signed) {
-    val = 's:' + sign(val, secret);
-  }
-
-  if (opts.maxAge != null) {
-    var maxAge = opts.maxAge - 0
-
-    if (!isNaN(maxAge)) {
-      opts.expires = new Date(Date.now() + maxAge)
-      opts.maxAge = Math.floor(maxAge / 1000)
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (opts.path == null) {
-    opts.path = '/';
-  }
-
-  this.append('Set-Cookie', cookie.serialize(name, String(val), opts));
-
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Set the location header to `url`.
- *
- * The given `url` can also be "back", which redirects
- * to the _Referrer_ or _Referer_ headers or "/".
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *    res.location('/foo/bar').;
- *    res.location('http://example.com');
- *    res.location('../login');
- *
- * @param {String} url
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.location = function location(url) {
-  var loc = url;
-
-  // "back" is an alias for the referrer
-  if (url === 'back') {
-    loc = this.req.get('Referrer') || '/';
-  }
-
-  // set location
-  return this.set('Location', encodeUrl(loc));
-};
-
-/**
- * Redirect to the given `url` with optional response `status`
- * defaulting to 302.
- *
- * The resulting `url` is determined by `res.location()`, so
- * it will play nicely with mounted apps, relative paths,
- * `"back"` etc.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *    res.redirect('/foo/bar');
- *    res.redirect('http://example.com');
- *    res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com');
- *    res.redirect('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
- *
- * @public
- */
-
-res.redirect = function redirect(url) {
-  var address = url;
-  var body;
-  var status = 302;
-
-  // allow status / url
-  if (arguments.length === 2) {
-    if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-      status = arguments[0];
-      address = arguments[1];
-    } else {
-      deprecate('res.redirect(url, status): Use res.redirect(status, url) instead');
-      status = arguments[1];
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Set location header
-  address = this.location(address).get('Location');
-
-  // Support text/{plain,html} by default
-  this.format({
-    text: function(){
-      body = statuses.message[status] + '. Redirecting to ' + address
-    },
-
-    html: function(){
-      var u = escapeHtml(address);
-      body = '<p>' + statuses.message[status] + '. Redirecting to <a href="' + u + '">' + u + '</a></p>'
-    },
-
-    default: function(){
-      body = '';
-    }
-  });
-
-  // Respond
-  this.statusCode = status;
-  this.set('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(body));
-
-  if (this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
-    this.end();
-  } else {
-    this.end(body);
-  }
-};
-
-/**
- * Add `field` to Vary. If already present in the Vary set, then
- * this call is simply ignored.
- *
- * @param {Array|String} field
- * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
- * @public
- */
-
-res.vary = function(field){
-  // checks for back-compat
-  if (!field || (Array.isArray(field) && !field.length)) {
-    deprecate('res.vary(): Provide a field name');
-    return this;
-  }
-
-  vary(this, field);
-
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Render `view` with the given `options` and optional callback `fn`.
- * When a callback function is given a response will _not_ be made
- * automatically, otherwise a response of _200_ and _text/html_ is given.
- *
- * Options:
- *
- *  - `cache`     boolean hinting to the engine it should cache
- *  - `filename`  filename of the view being rendered
- *
- * @public
- */
-
-res.render = function render(view, options, callback) {
-  var app = this.req.app;
-  var done = callback;
-  var opts = options || {};
-  var req = this.req;
-  var self = this;
-
-  // support callback function as second arg
-  if (typeof options === 'function') {
-    done = options;
-    opts = {};
-  }
-
-  // merge res.locals
-  opts._locals = self.locals;
-
-  // default callback to respond
-  done = done || function (err, str) {
-    if (err) return req.next(err);
-    self.send(str);
-  };
-
-  // render
-  app.render(view, opts, done);
-};
-
-// pipe the send file stream
-function sendfile(res, file, options, callback) {
-  var done = false;
-  var streaming;
-
-  // request aborted
-  function onaborted() {
-    if (done) return;
-    done = true;
-
-    var err = new Error('Request aborted');
-    err.code = 'ECONNABORTED';
-    callback(err);
-  }
-
-  // directory
-  function ondirectory() {
-    if (done) return;
-    done = true;
-
-    var err = new Error('EISDIR, read');
-    err.code = 'EISDIR';
-    callback(err);
-  }
-
-  // errors
-  function onerror(err) {
-    if (done) return;
-    done = true;
-    callback(err);
-  }
-
-  // ended
-  function onend() {
-    if (done) return;
-    done = true;
-    callback();
-  }
-
-  // file
-  function onfile() {
-    streaming = false;
-  }
-
-  // finished
-  function onfinish(err) {
-    if (err && err.code === 'ECONNRESET') return onaborted();
-    if (err) return onerror(err);
-    if (done) return;
-
-    setImmediate(function () {
-      if (streaming !== false && !done) {
-        onaborted();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (done) return;
-      done = true;
-      callback();
-    });
-  }
-
-  // streaming
-  function onstream() {
-    streaming = true;
-  }
-
-  file.on('directory', ondirectory);
-  file.on('end', onend);
-  file.on('error', onerror);
-  file.on('file', onfile);
-  file.on('stream', onstream);
-  onFinished(res, onfinish);
-
-  if (options.headers) {
-    // set headers on successful transfer
-    file.on('headers', function headers(res) {
-      var obj = options.headers;
-      var keys = Object.keys(obj);
-
-      for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-        var k = keys[i];
-        res.setHeader(k, obj[k]);
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  // pipe
-  file.pipe(res);
-}
-
-/**
- * Stringify JSON, like JSON.stringify, but v8 optimized, with the
- * ability to escape characters that can trigger HTML sniffing.
- *
- * @param {*} value
- * @param {function} replacer
- * @param {number} spaces
- * @param {boolean} escape
- * @returns {string}
- * @private
- */
-
-function stringify (value, replacer, spaces, escape) {
-  // v8 checks arguments.length for optimizing simple call
-  // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=4730
-  var json = replacer || spaces
-    ? JSON.stringify(value, replacer, spaces)
-    : JSON.stringify(value);
-
-  if (escape && typeof json === 'string') {
-    json = json.replace(/[<>&]/g, function (c) {
-      switch (c.charCodeAt(0)) {
-        case 0x3c:
-          return '\\u003c'
-        case 0x3e:
-          return '\\u003e'
-        case 0x26:
-          return '\\u0026'
-        /* istanbul ignore next: unreachable default */
-        default:
-          return c
-      }
-    })
-  }
-
-  return json
-}