macro-agent 0.1.1 → 0.1.3

package/references/multi-agent-protocol/docs/09-authentication.md

@@ -1,680 +0,0 @@
-# MAP Authentication Specification
-
-This specification defines how authentication is negotiated and performed in the Multi-Agent Protocol (MAP). The design prioritizes flexibility while providing interoperable defaults.
-
-## Design Principles
-
-1. **Pluggable mechanisms** - Support multiple auth methods with a standard negotiation flow
-2. **Sensible defaults** - Built-in support for common methods (bearer tokens, API keys)
-3. **Transport-aware** - Acknowledge that some auth happens at transport layer (mTLS)
-4. **Optional for local** - No auth overhead for trusted local connections (stdio)
-5. **Federation-ready** - Credentials can carry claims for cross-server authentication
-
----
-
-## Authentication Methods
-
-MAP defines the following standard authentication methods:
-
-| Method | Description | Use Case |
-|--------|-------------|----------|
-| `none` | No authentication | Local subprocess agents, development |
-| `bearer` | Bearer token (JWT or opaque) | OAuth2, IdP integration, M2M tokens |
-| `api-key` | Simple API key | Simple integrations, internal services |
-| `mtls` | Mutual TLS (transport layer) | High-security service-to-service |
-
-### Extension Methods
-
-Custom authentication methods MUST use the `x-` prefix:
-
-```
-x-custom-auth
-x-kerberos
-x-saml
-```
-
-Servers MUST reject unknown methods that do not use the `x-` prefix.
-
----
-
-## Wire Protocol
-
-### Server Authentication Capabilities
-
-Servers advertise authentication requirements in the connect response:
-
-```typescript
-interface ServerAuthCapabilities {
-  /** Supported authentication methods (in preference order) */
-  methods: AuthMethod[];
-
-  /** Is authentication required to proceed? */
-  required: boolean;
-
-  /** OAuth2 authorization server metadata URL (RFC 8414) */
-  oauth2MetadataUrl?: string;
-
-  /** JWKS URL for local JWT verification (RFC 7517) */
-  jwksUrl?: string;
-
-  /** Realm identifier for this server */
-  realm?: string;
-}
-```
-
-### Client Authentication Credentials
-
-Clients provide credentials using:
-
-```typescript
-interface AuthCredentials {
-  /** The authentication method being used */
-  method: AuthMethod;
-
-  /** The credential value (token, API key, etc.) */
-  credential?: string;
-
-  /** Method-specific additional data */
-  metadata?: Record<string, unknown>;
-}
-```
-
-### Authentication Result
-
-Servers respond with:
-
-```typescript
-interface AuthResult {
-  /** Whether authentication succeeded */
-  success: boolean;
-
-  /** Authenticated principal information */
-  principal?: {
-    /** Unique identifier for this principal */
-    id: string;
-
-    /** Token issuer (for federated auth) */
-    issuer?: string;
-
-    /** Additional claims from the credential */
-    claims?: Record<string, unknown>;
-  };
-
-  /** Error details if authentication failed */
-  error?: {
-    code: AuthErrorCode;
-    message: string;
-  };
-}
-
-type AuthErrorCode =
-  | 'invalid_credentials'    // Credentials are malformed or invalid
-  | 'expired'                // Credentials have expired
-  | 'insufficient_scope'     // Valid credentials but insufficient permissions
-  | 'method_not_supported'   // Requested method not supported by server
-  | 'auth_required';         // No credentials provided but auth is required
-```
-
----
-
-## Connection Flow
-
-### Flow 1: Auth Provided Upfront (Recommended)
-
-When the client knows the server's auth requirements:
-
-```
-Client                                         Server
-   │                                              │
-   │──── map/connect ────────────────────────────►│
-   │     { participantType, auth: { method, credential } }
-   │                                              │
-   │◄─── connect response ───────────────────────│
-   │     { session, principal }                   │
-   │                                              │
-```
-
-```typescript
-// Request
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 1,
-  "method": "map/connect",
-  "params": {
-    "protocolVersion": 1,
-    "participantType": "client",
-    "name": "my-client",
-    "auth": {
-      "method": "bearer",
-      "credential": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIs..."
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Response (success)
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 1,
-  "result": {
-    "sessionId": "session_01ABC",
-    "participantId": "client_01XYZ",
-    "serverCapabilities": { ... },
-    "principal": {
-      "id": "user_123",
-      "issuer": "https://auth.example.com",
-      "claims": { "scope": "read write" }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Flow 2: Auth Negotiation
-
-When the client doesn't know auth requirements:
-
-```
-Client                                         Server
-   │                                              │
-   │──── map/connect ────────────────────────────►│
-   │     { participantType }                      │
-   │                                              │
-   │◄─── auth_required response ─────────────────│
-   │     { authRequired: { methods, required } }  │
-   │                                              │
-   │──── map/authenticate ───────────────────────►│
-   │     { method, credential }                   │
-   │                                              │
-   │◄─── auth result ────────────────────────────│
-   │     { success, session, principal }          │
-   │                                              │
-```
-
-```typescript
-// Initial connect (no auth)
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 1,
-  "method": "map/connect",
-  "params": {
-    "protocolVersion": 1,
-    "participantType": "client",
-    "name": "my-client"
-  }
-}
-
-// Server requires auth
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 1,
-  "result": {
-    "authRequired": {
-      "methods": ["bearer", "api-key"],
-      "required": true,
-      "realm": "map-server-prod",
-      "oauth2MetadataUrl": "https://auth.example.com/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server"
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Client authenticates
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 2,
-  "method": "map/authenticate",
-  "params": {
-    "method": "bearer",
-    "credential": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIs..."
-  }
-}
-
-// Server confirms
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 2,
-  "result": {
-    "success": true,
-    "sessionId": "session_01ABC",
-    "participantId": "client_01XYZ",
-    "principal": {
-      "id": "user_123",
-      "claims": { "scope": "read write" }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Flow 3: No Auth Required
-
-For local connections or development:
-
-```typescript
-// Request
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 1,
-  "method": "map/connect",
-  "params": {
-    "protocolVersion": 1,
-    "participantType": "agent",
-    "name": "local-worker",
-    "auth": { "method": "none" }
-  }
-}
-
-// Response
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 1,
-  "result": {
-    "sessionId": "session_01ABC",
-    "participantId": "agent_01XYZ",
-    "principal": {
-      "id": "anonymous"
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Method-Specific Details
-
-### Bearer Tokens (`bearer`)
-
-Bearer tokens are opaque strings or JWTs. The server is responsible for validation.
-
-**Credential format:** The raw token string
-
-```typescript
-{
-  "method": "bearer",
-  "credential": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9..."
-}
-```
-
-**JWT Claims (when using JWT):**
-
-| Claim | Description | Required |
-|-------|-------------|----------|
-| `sub` | Subject (principal ID) | Yes |
-| `iss` | Issuer | Recommended |
-| `aud` | Audience (server identifier) | Recommended |
-| `exp` | Expiration time | Recommended |
-| `iat` | Issued at | Recommended |
-| `scope` | Space-separated permission scopes | Optional |
-| `map:capabilities` | MAP-specific capabilities | Optional |
-
-**Example JWT payload:**
-
-```json
-{
-  "sub": "agent_worker_01",
-  "iss": "https://auth.example.com",
-  "aud": "map-server-prod",
-  "exp": 1706227200,
-  "iat": 1706223600,
-  "scope": "map:read map:write map:agent",
-  "map:capabilities": {
-    "canSpawn": true,
-    "canSend": true
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### API Keys (`api-key`)
-
-Simple static keys for straightforward integrations.
-
-**Credential format:** The API key string
-
-```typescript
-{
-  "method": "api-key",
-  "credential": "map_sk_live_abc123def456..."
-}
-```
-
-**Security considerations:**
-- MUST only be used over TLS
-- Keys SHOULD be rotatable without service interruption
-- Keys SHOULD have associated metadata (owner, scopes, expiry)
-
-### Mutual TLS (`mtls`)
-
-Authentication is performed at the transport layer via client certificates.
-
-**Credential format:** No credential in the protocol; certificate is validated at transport.
-
-```typescript
-{
-  "method": "mtls"
-  // No credential needed - cert already validated
-}
-```
-
-**Metadata:** The server MAY extract principal information from the certificate:
-
-```typescript
-{
-  "method": "mtls",
-  "metadata": {
-    "cn": "agent-worker-01.example.com",
-    "fingerprint": "sha256:abc123..."
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### No Authentication (`none`)
-
-For trusted local connections.
-
-```typescript
-{
-  "method": "none"
-}
-```
-
-**When to use:**
-- Subprocess agents connected via stdio
-- In-process connections
-- Development/testing environments
-- Behind a trusted proxy that handles auth
-
-**Servers MAY:**
-- Reject `none` based on transport type (e.g., require auth for WebSocket)
-- Assign a default principal for anonymous connections
-
----
-
-## Token Refresh
-
-For long-lived connections with expiring tokens:
-
-### Proactive Refresh
-
-Client refreshes before expiration:
-
-```typescript
-// Request
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 10,
-  "method": "map/auth/refresh",
-  "params": {
-    "credential": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIs..."  // New token
-  }
-}
-
-// Response
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 10,
-  "result": {
-    "success": true,
-    "principal": {
-      "id": "user_123",
-      "claims": { "exp": 1706230800 }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Server-Initiated Expiration Warning
-
-Server notifies client before token expires:
-
-```typescript
-// Notification (server → client)
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "method": "map/auth/expiring",
-  "params": {
-    "expiresAt": 1706227200,
-    "refreshBefore": 1706226900  // Suggested refresh time
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Forced Re-authentication
-
-If token expires or is revoked:
-
-```typescript
-// Notification (server → client)
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "method": "map/auth/revoked",
-  "params": {
-    "reason": "token_expired",
-    "message": "Your session has expired. Please re-authenticate.",
-    "gracePeriodMs": 5000  // Time before disconnect
-  }
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Federation Authentication
-
-For cross-server authentication in federated deployments:
-
-### Token Requirements
-
-Federated tokens MUST include:
-
-| Claim | Description |
-|-------|-------------|
-| `iss` | Issuing server's identifier |
-| `aud` | Target server(s) - array or string |
-| `sub` | Original principal identifier |
-| `map:federation` | Federation-specific claims |
-
-**Example federated token:**
-
-```json
-{
-  "sub": "agent_worker_01",
-  "iss": "https://server-a.example.com",
-  "aud": ["https://server-b.example.com", "https://server-c.example.com"],
-  "exp": 1706227200,
-  "map:federation": {
-    "originServer": "server-a",
-    "delegatedCapabilities": {
-      "canSend": true,
-      "canQuery": true
-    },
-    "hopCount": 1,
-    "maxHops": 3
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Trust Establishment
-
-Federated servers MUST:
-1. Maintain an allowlist of trusted issuers
-2. Verify token signatures against issuer's JWKS
-3. Validate audience claims include their own identifier
-4. Enforce hop count limits to prevent routing loops
-
----
-
-## Error Handling
-
-### Authentication Errors
-
-| Error Code | HTTP Equivalent | Description |
-|------------|-----------------|-------------|
-| `AUTH_REQUIRED` | 401 | Authentication required but not provided |
-| `INVALID_CREDENTIALS` | 401 | Credentials invalid or malformed |
-| `EXPIRED` | 401 | Credentials have expired |
-| `INSUFFICIENT_SCOPE` | 403 | Valid credentials but lacks required permissions |
-| `METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED` | 400 | Requested auth method not supported |
-
-**Error response format:**
-
-```typescript
-{
-  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-  "id": 1,
-  "error": {
-    "code": -32001,  // MAP error code
-    "message": "Authentication failed",
-    "data": {
-      "authError": {
-        "code": "invalid_credentials",
-        "message": "JWT signature verification failed"
-      },
-      "authRequired": {
-        "methods": ["bearer", "api-key"],
-        "required": true
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Security Considerations
-
-### Transport Security
-
-1. **TLS Required** - All remote connections MUST use TLS 1.2+
-2. **Certificate Validation** - Clients MUST validate server certificates
-3. **No Downgrade** - Servers SHOULD reject non-TLS connections for auth methods other than `none`
-
-### Token Security
-
-1. **Short Lifetimes** - Bearer tokens SHOULD have lifetimes ≤ 1 hour for M2M
-2. **Audience Validation** - Servers MUST validate `aud` claims
-3. **Signature Algorithms** - Prefer RS256/ES256; avoid HS256 for distributed systems
-4. **Key Rotation** - Servers SHOULD support JWKS key rotation
-
-### API Key Security
-
-1. **Entropy** - Keys MUST have ≥ 256 bits of entropy
-2. **Prefix** - Keys SHOULD use identifiable prefixes (e.g., `map_sk_`)
-3. **Hashing** - Servers MUST store only hashed keys
-4. **Rotation** - Support key rotation without service interruption
-
-### Logging and Audit
-
-1. **No Credential Logging** - Credentials MUST NOT appear in logs
-2. **Auth Events** - Log authentication attempts (success/failure) with principal ID
-3. **Rate Limiting** - Implement rate limiting on auth endpoints
-
----
-
-## Implementation Requirements
-
-### Servers MUST
-
-1. Support at least one of: `bearer`, `api-key`, or `none`
-2. Advertise supported methods in auth capabilities
-3. Return proper error codes for auth failures
-4. Validate credentials before establishing session
-
-### Servers SHOULD
-
-1. Support `bearer` tokens with JWT validation
-2. Provide JWKS endpoint or reference external JWKS
-3. Support token refresh for long-lived connections
-4. Implement rate limiting on authentication
-
-### Clients MUST
-
-1. Support providing credentials via `auth` parameter
-2. Handle `authRequired` response and provide credentials
-3. Handle auth errors gracefully
-
-### Clients SHOULD
-
-1. Implement automatic token refresh before expiration
-2. Support credential caching with proper security
-3. Handle `map/auth/expiring` notifications
-
----
-
-## Examples
-
-### Example 1: Production Server with JWT
-
-```typescript
-const server = new MAPServer({
-  auth: {
-    required: true,
-    methods: ['bearer'],
-    authenticators: [
-      new JWTAuthenticator({
-        jwksUrl: 'https://auth.example.com/.well-known/jwks.json',
-        issuer: 'https://auth.example.com',
-        audience: 'map-server-prod'
-      })
-    ]
-  }
-});
-```
-
-### Example 2: Internal Service with API Keys
-
-```typescript
-const server = new MAPServer({
-  auth: {
-    required: true,
-    methods: ['api-key'],
-    authenticators: [
-      new APIKeyAuthenticator({
-        validateKey: async (key) => {
-          const record = await db.apiKeys.findByHash(hash(key));
-          return {
-            valid: !!record && !record.revoked,
-            principalId: record?.ownerId,
-            metadata: { scopes: record?.scopes }
-          };
-        }
-      })
-    ]
-  }
-});
-```
-
-### Example 3: Development Server
-
-```typescript
-const server = new MAPServer({
-  auth: {
-    required: false,
-    methods: ['none', 'bearer'],
-    authenticators: [
-      new NoAuthAuthenticator(),
-      new JWTAuthenticator({ /* ... */ })  // Optional for testing
-    ]
-  }
-});
-```
-
-### Example 4: Hybrid Production
-
-```typescript
-const server = new MAPServer({
-  auth: {
-    required: true,
-    methods: ['bearer', 'api-key', 'mtls'],
-    authenticators: [
-      new JWTAuthenticator({ /* ... */ }),
-      new APIKeyAuthenticator({ /* ... */ }),
-      new MTLSAuthenticator({ /* ... */ })
-    ]
-  }
-});
-```
-
----
-
-## Open Questions
-
-1. **Scope standardization** - Should MAP define standard scope strings (e.g., `map:read`, `map:agent:spawn`)?
-2. **Principal-to-permissions mapping** - Should the protocol define how claims map to capabilities?
-3. **Multi-factor** - Is there a use case for multi-factor auth in agent connections?
-4. **Session binding** - Should tokens be bound to specific sessions to prevent replay?