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package/extensions/open-prose/skills/prose/compiler.md

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+---
+role: language-specification
+summary: |
+  Complete syntax grammar, validation rules, and compilation semantics for OpenProse.
+  Read this file when compiling, validating, or resolving ambiguous syntax. Assumes
+  prose.md is already in context for execution semantics.
+see-also:
+  - SKILL.md: Activation triggers, onboarding
+  - prose.md: Execution semantics, how to run programs
+  - state/filesystem.md: File-system state management (default)
+  - state/in-context.md: In-context state management (on request)
+---
+
+# OpenProse Language Reference
+
+OpenProse is a programming language for AI sessions. An AI session is a Turing-complete computer; this document provides complete documentation for the language syntax, semantics, and execution model.
+
+---
+
+## Document Purpose: Compiler + Validator
+
+This document serves a dual role:
+
+### As Compiler
+
+When asked to "compile" a `.prose` file, use this specification to:
+
+1. **Parse** the program according to the syntax grammar
+2. **Validate** that the program is well-formed and semantically valid
+3. **Transform** the program into "best practice" canonical form:
+   - Expand syntax sugar where appropriate
+   - Normalize formatting and structure
+   - Apply optimizations (e.g., hoisting block definitions)
+
+### As Validator
+
+The validation criterion: **Would a blank agent with only `prose.md` understand this program as self-evident?**
+
+When validating, check:
+
+- Syntax correctness (all constructs match grammar)
+- Semantic validity (references resolve, types match)
+- Self-evidence (program is clear without this full spec)
+
+If a construct is ambiguous or non-obvious, it should be flagged or transformed into a clearer form.
+
+### When to Read This Document
+
+- **Compilation requested**: Read fully to apply all rules
+- **Validation requested**: Read fully to check all constraints
+- **Ambiguous syntax encountered**: Reference specific sections
+- **Interpretation only**: Use `prose.md` instead (smaller, faster)
+
+---
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+1. [Overview](#overview)
+2. [File Format](#file-format)
+3. [Comments](#comments)
+4. [String Literals](#string-literals)
+5. [Use Statements](#use-statements-program-composition)
+6. [Input Declarations](#input-declarations)
+7. [Output Bindings](#output-bindings)
+8. [Program Invocation](#program-invocation)
+9. [Agent Definitions](#agent-definitions)
+10. [Session Statement](#session-statement)
+11. [Resume Statement](#resume-statement)
+12. [Variables & Context](#variables--context)
+13. [Composition Blocks](#composition-blocks)
+14. [Parallel Blocks](#parallel-blocks)
+15. [Fixed Loops](#fixed-loops)
+16. [Unbounded Loops](#unbounded-loops)
+17. [Pipeline Operations](#pipeline-operations)
+18. [Error Handling](#error-handling)
+19. [Choice Blocks](#choice-blocks)
+20. [Conditional Statements](#conditional-statements)
+21. [Execution Model](#execution-model)
+22. [Validation Rules](#validation-rules)
+23. [Examples](#examples)
+24. [Future Features](#future-features)
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+OpenProse provides a declarative syntax for defining multi-agent workflows. Programs consist of statements that are executed sequentially, with each `session` statement spawning a subagent to complete a task.
+
+### Design Principles
+
+- **Pattern over framework**: The simplest solution is barely anything at all—just structure for English
+- **Self-evident**: Programs should be understandable with minimal documentation
+- **The OpenProse VM is intelligent**: Design for understanding, not parsing
+- **Framework-agnostic**: Works with Claude Code, OpenCode, and any future agent framework
+- **Files are artifacts**: `.prose` is the portable unit of work
+
+### Current Implementation Status
+
+The following features are implemented:
+
+| Feature                | Status      | Description                                    |
+| ---------------------- | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
+| Comments               | Implemented | `# comment` syntax                             |
+| Single-line strings    | Implemented | `"string"` with escapes                        |
+| Simple session         | Implemented | `session "prompt"`                             |
+| Agent definitions      | Implemented | `agent name:` with model/prompt properties     |
+| Session with agent     | Implemented | `session: agent` with property overrides       |
+| Use statements         | Implemented | `use "@handle/slug" as name`                   |
+| Agent skills           | Implemented | `skills: ["skill1", "skill2"]`                 |
+| Agent permissions      | Implemented | `permissions:` block with rules                |
+| Let binding            | Implemented | `let name = session "..."`                     |
+| Const binding          | Implemented | `const name = session "..."`                   |
+| Variable reassignment  | Implemented | `name = session "..."` (for let only)          |
+| Context property       | Implemented | `context: var` or `context: [a, b, c]`         |
+| do: blocks             | Implemented | Explicit sequential blocks                     |
+| Inline sequence        | Implemented | `session "A" -> session "B"`                   |
+| Named blocks           | Implemented | `block name:` with `do name` invocation        |
+| Parallel blocks        | Implemented | `parallel:` for concurrent execution           |
+| Named parallel results | Implemented | `x = session "..."` inside parallel            |
+| Object context         | Implemented | `context: { a, b, c }` shorthand               |
+| Join strategies        | Implemented | `parallel ("first"):` or `parallel ("any"):`   |
+| Failure policies       | Implemented | `parallel (on-fail: "continue"):`              |
+| Repeat blocks          | Implemented | `repeat N:` fixed iterations                   |
+| Repeat with index      | Implemented | `repeat N as i:` with index variable           |
+| For-each blocks        | Implemented | `for item in items:` iteration                 |
+| For-each with index    | Implemented | `for item, i in items:` with index             |
+| Parallel for-each      | Implemented | `parallel for item in items:` fan-out          |
+| Unbounded loop         | Implemented | `loop:` with optional max iterations           |
+| Loop until             | Implemented | `loop until **condition**:` AI-evaluated       |
+| Loop while             | Implemented | `loop while **condition**:` AI-evaluated       |
+| Loop with index        | Implemented | `loop as i:` or `loop until ... as i:`         |
+| Map pipeline           | Implemented | `items \| map:` transform each item            |
+| Filter pipeline        | Implemented | `items \| filter:` keep matching items         |
+| Reduce pipeline        | Implemented | `items \| reduce(acc, item):` accumulate       |
+| Parallel map           | Implemented | `items \| pmap:` concurrent transform          |
+| Pipeline chaining      | Implemented | `\| filter: ... \| map: ...`                   |
+| Try/catch blocks       | Implemented | `try:` with `catch:` for error handling        |
+| Try/catch/finally      | Implemented | `finally:` for cleanup                         |
+| Error variable         | Implemented | `catch as err:` access error context           |
+| Throw statement        | Implemented | `throw` or `throw "message"`                   |
+| Retry property         | Implemented | `retry: 3` automatic retry on failure          |
+| Backoff strategy       | Implemented | `backoff: exponential` delay between retries   |
+| Input declarations     | Implemented | `input name: "description"`                    |
+| Output bindings        | Implemented | `output name = expression`                     |
+| Program invocation     | Implemented | `name(input: value)` call imported programs    |
+| Multi-line strings     | Implemented | `"""..."""` preserving whitespace              |
+| String interpolation   | Implemented | `"Hello {name}"` variable substitution         |
+| Block parameters       | Implemented | `block name(param):` with parameters           |
+| Block invocation args  | Implemented | `do name(arg)` passing arguments               |
+| Choice blocks          | Implemented | `choice **criteria**: option "label":`         |
+| If/elif/else           | Implemented | `if **condition**:` conditional branching      |
+| Persistent agents      | Implemented | `persist: true` or `persist: project`          |
+| Resume statement       | Implemented | `resume: agent` to continue with memory        |
+
+---
+
+## File Format
+
+| Property         | Value                |
+| ---------------- | -------------------- |
+| Extension        | `.prose`             |
+| Encoding         | UTF-8                |
+| Case sensitivity | Case-sensitive       |
+| Indentation      | Spaces (Python-like) |
+| Line endings     | LF or CRLF           |
+
+---
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments provide documentation within programs and are ignored during execution.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+# This is a standalone comment
+
+session "Hello"  # This is an inline comment
+```
+
+### Rules
+
+1. Comments begin with `#` and extend to end of line
+2. Comments can appear on their own line or after a statement
+3. Empty comments are valid: `#`
+4. The `#` character inside string literals is NOT a comment
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Program header comment
+# Author: Example
+
+session "Do something"  # Explain what this does
+
+# This comment is between statements
+session "Do another thing"
+```
+
+### Compilation Behavior
+
+Comments are **stripped during compilation**. The OpenProse VM never sees them. They have no effect on execution and exist purely for human documentation.
+
+### Important Notes
+
+- **Comments inside strings are NOT comments**:
+
+  ```prose
+  session "Say hello # this is part of the string"
+  ```
+
+  The `#` inside the string literal is part of the prompt, not a comment.
+
+- **Comments inside indented blocks are allowed**:
+  ```prose
+  agent researcher:
+      # This comment is inside the block
+      model: sonnet
+  # This comment is outside the block
+  ```
+
+---
+
+## String Literals
+
+String literals represent text values, primarily used for session prompts.
+
+### Syntax
+
+Strings are enclosed in double quotes:
+
+```prose
+"This is a string"
+```
+
+### Escape Sequences
+
+The following escape sequences are supported:
+
+| Sequence | Meaning      |
+| -------- | ------------ |
+| `\\`     | Backslash    |
+| `\"`     | Double quote |
+| `\n`     | Newline      |
+| `\t`     | Tab          |
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+session "Hello world"
+session "Line one\nLine two"
+session "She said \"hello\""
+session "Path: C:\\Users\\name"
+session "Column1\tColumn2"
+```
+
+### Rules
+
+1. Single-line strings must be properly terminated with a closing `"`
+2. Unknown escape sequences are errors
+3. Empty strings `""` are valid but generate a warning when used as prompts
+
+### Multi-line Strings
+
+Multi-line strings use triple double-quotes (`"""`) and preserve internal whitespace and newlines:
+
+```prose
+session """
+This is a multi-line prompt.
+It preserves:
+  - Indentation
+  - Line breaks
+  - All internal whitespace
+"""
+```
+
+#### Multi-line String Rules
+
+1. Opening `"""` must be followed by a newline
+2. Content continues until closing `"""`
+3. Escape sequences work the same as single-line strings
+4. Leading/trailing whitespace inside the delimiters is preserved
+
+### String Interpolation
+
+Strings can embed variable references using `{varname}` syntax:
+
+```prose
+let name = session "Get the user's name"
+
+session "Hello {name}, welcome to the system!"
+```
+
+#### Interpolation Syntax
+
+- Variables are referenced by wrapping the variable name in curly braces: `{varname}`
+- Works in both single-line and multi-line strings
+- Empty braces `{}` are treated as literal text, not interpolation
+- Nested braces are not supported
+
+#### Examples
+
+```prose
+let research = session "Research the topic"
+let analysis = session "Analyze findings"
+
+# Single variable interpolation
+session "Based on {research}, provide recommendations"
+
+# Multiple interpolations
+session "Combining {research} with {analysis}, synthesize insights"
+
+# Multi-line with interpolation
+session """
+Review Summary:
+- Research: {research}
+- Analysis: {analysis}
+Please provide final recommendations.
+"""
+```
+
+#### Interpolation Rules
+
+1. Variable names must be valid identifiers
+2. Referenced variables must be in scope
+3. Empty braces `{}` are literal text
+4. Backslash can escape braces: `\{` produces literal `{`
+
+### Validation
+
+| Check                            | Result  |
+| -------------------------------- | ------- |
+| Unterminated string              | Error   |
+| Unknown escape sequence          | Error   |
+| Empty string as prompt           | Warning |
+| Undefined interpolation variable | Error   |
+
+---
+
+## Use Statements (Program Composition)
+
+Use statements import other OpenProse programs from the registry at `p.prose.md`, enabling modular workflows.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+use "@handle/slug"
+use "@handle/slug" as alias
+```
+
+### Path Format
+
+Import paths follow the format `@handle/slug`:
+- `@handle` identifies the program author/organization
+- `slug` is the program name
+
+An optional alias (`as name`) allows referencing by a shorter name.
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Import a program
+use "@alice/research"
+
+# Import with alias
+use "@bob/critique" as critic
+```
+
+### Program URL Resolution
+
+When the OpenProse VM encounters a `use` statement:
+
+1. Fetch the program from `https://p.prose.md/@handle/slug`
+2. Parse the program to extract its contract (inputs/outputs)
+3. Register the program in the Import Registry
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                 | Severity | Message                                |
+| --------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------- |
+| Empty path            | Error    | Use path cannot be empty               |
+| Invalid path format   | Error    | Path must be @handle/slug format       |
+| Duplicate import      | Error    | Program already imported               |
+| Missing alias for dup | Error    | Alias required when importing multiple |
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+Use statements are processed before any agent definitions or sessions. The OpenProse VM:
+
+1. Fetches and validates all imported programs at the start of execution
+2. Extracts input/output contracts from each program
+3. Registers programs in the Import Registry for later invocation
+
+---
+
+## Input Declarations
+
+Inputs declare what values a program expects from its caller.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+input name: "description"
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+input topic: "The subject to research"
+input depth: "How deep to go (shallow, medium, deep)"
+```
+
+### Semantics
+
+Inputs:
+- Are declared at the top of the program (before executable statements)
+- Have a name and a description (for documentation)
+- Become available as variables within the program body
+- Must be provided by the caller when invoking the program
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                  | Severity | Message                              |
+| ---------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Empty input name       | Error    | Input name cannot be empty           |
+| Empty description      | Warning  | Consider adding a description        |
+| Duplicate input name   | Error    | Input already declared               |
+| Input after executable | Error    | Inputs must be declared before executable statements |
+
+---
+
+## Output Bindings
+
+Outputs declare what values a program produces for its caller.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+output name = expression
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+let raw = session "Research {topic}"
+output findings = session "Synthesize research"
+  context: raw
+output sources = session "Extract sources"
+  context: raw
+```
+
+### Semantics
+
+The `output` keyword:
+- Marks a variable as an output (visible at assignment, not just at file top)
+- Works like `let` but also registers the value as a program output
+- Can appear anywhere in the program body
+- Multiple outputs are supported
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                  | Severity | Message                              |
+| ---------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Empty output name      | Error    | Output name cannot be empty          |
+| Duplicate output name  | Error    | Output already declared              |
+| Output name conflicts  | Error    | Output name conflicts with variable  |
+
+---
+
+## Program Invocation
+
+Call imported programs by providing their inputs.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+name(input1: value1, input2: value2)
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+use "@alice/research" as research
+
+let result = research(topic: "quantum computing")
+```
+
+### Accessing Outputs
+
+The result contains all outputs from the invoked program, accessible as properties:
+
+```prose
+session "Write summary"
+  context: result.findings
+
+session "Cite sources"
+  context: result.sources
+```
+
+### Destructuring Outputs
+
+For convenience, outputs can be destructured:
+
+```prose
+let { findings, sources } = research(topic: "quantum computing")
+```
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When a program invokes an imported program:
+
+1. **Bind inputs**: Map caller-provided values to the imported program's inputs
+2. **Execute**: Run the imported program (spawns its own sessions)
+3. **Collect outputs**: Gather all `output` bindings from the imported program
+4. **Return**: Make outputs available to the caller as a result object
+
+The imported program runs in its own execution context but shares the same VM session.
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                    | Severity | Message                              |
+| ------------------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Unknown program          | Error    | Program not imported                 |
+| Missing required input   | Error    | Required input not provided          |
+| Unknown input name       | Error    | Input not declared in program        |
+| Unknown output property  | Error    | Output not declared in program       |
+
+---
+
+## Agent Definitions
+
+Agents are reusable templates that configure subagent behavior. Once defined, agents can be referenced in session statements.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+agent name:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "System prompt for this agent"
+  skills: ["skill1", "skill2"]
+  permissions:
+    read: ["*.md"]
+    bash: deny
+```
+
+### Properties
+
+| Property      | Type       | Values                         | Description                           |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- |
+| `model`       | identifier | `sonnet`, `opus`, `haiku`      | The Claude model to use               |
+| `prompt`      | string     | Any string                     | System prompt/context for the agent   |
+| `persist`     | value      | `true`, `project`, or STRING   | Enable persistent memory for agent    |
+| `skills`      | array      | String array                   | Skills assigned to this agent         |
+| `permissions` | block      | Permission rules               | Access control for the agent          |
+
+### Persist Property
+
+The `persist` property enables agents to maintain memory across invocations:
+
+```prose
+# Execution-scoped persistence (memory dies with run)
+agent captain:
+  model: opus
+  persist: true
+  prompt: "You coordinate and review"
+
+# Project-scoped persistence (memory survives across runs)
+agent advisor:
+  model: opus
+  persist: project
+  prompt: "You provide architectural guidance"
+
+# Custom path persistence
+agent shared:
+  model: opus
+  persist: ".prose/custom/shared-agent/"
+  prompt: "Shared across programs"
+```
+
+| Value | Memory Location | Lifetime |
+|-------|-----------------|----------|
+| `true` | `.prose/runs/{id}/agents/{name}/` | Dies with execution |
+| `project` | `.prose/agents/{name}/` | Survives executions |
+| STRING | Specified path | User-controlled |
+
+### Skills Property
+
+The `skills` property assigns imported skills to an agent:
+
+```prose
+use "@anthropic/web-search"
+use "@anthropic/summarizer" as summarizer
+
+agent researcher:
+  skills: ["web-search", "summarizer"]
+```
+
+Skills must be imported before they can be assigned. Referencing an unimported skill generates a warning.
+
+### Permissions Property
+
+The `permissions` property controls agent access:
+
+```prose
+agent secure-agent:
+  permissions:
+    read: ["*.md", "*.txt"]
+    write: ["output/"]
+    bash: deny
+    network: allow
+```
+
+#### Permission Types
+
+| Type      | Description                                  |
+| --------- | -------------------------------------------- |
+| `read`    | Files the agent can read (glob patterns)     |
+| `write`   | Files the agent can write (glob patterns)    |
+| `execute` | Files the agent can execute (glob patterns)  |
+| `bash`    | Shell access: `allow`, `deny`, or `prompt`   |
+| `network` | Network access: `allow`, `deny`, or `prompt` |
+
+#### Permission Values
+
+| Value    | Description                                       |
+| -------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
+| `allow`  | Permission granted                                |
+| `deny`   | Permission denied                                 |
+| `prompt` | Ask user for permission                           |
+| Array    | List of allowed patterns (for read/write/execute) |
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Define a research agent
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You are a research assistant skilled at finding and synthesizing information"
+
+# Define a writing agent
+agent writer:
+  model: opus
+  prompt: "You are a technical writer who creates clear, concise documentation"
+
+# Agent with only model
+agent quick:
+  model: haiku
+
+# Agent with only prompt
+agent expert:
+  prompt: "You are a domain expert"
+
+# Agent with skills
+agent web-researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+  skills: ["web-search", "summarizer"]
+
+# Agent with permissions
+agent file-handler:
+  permissions:
+    read: ["*.md", "*.txt"]
+    write: ["output/"]
+    bash: deny
+```
+
+### Model Selection
+
+| Model    | Use Case                              |
+| -------- | ------------------------------------- |
+| `haiku`  | Fast, simple tasks; quick responses   |
+| `sonnet` | Balanced performance; general purpose |
+| `opus`   | Complex reasoning; detailed analysis  |
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When a session references an agent:
+
+1. The agent's `model` property determines which Claude model is used
+2. The agent's `prompt` property is included as system context
+3. Session properties can override agent defaults
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                 | Severity | Message                        |
+| --------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------ |
+| Duplicate agent name  | Error    | Agent already defined          |
+| Invalid model value   | Error    | Must be sonnet, opus, or haiku |
+| Empty prompt property | Warning  | Consider providing a prompt    |
+| Duplicate property    | Error    | Property already specified     |
+
+---
+
+## Session Statement
+
+The session statement is the primary executable construct in OpenProse. It spawns a subagent to complete a task.
+
+### Syntax Variants
+
+#### Simple Session (with inline prompt)
+
+```prose
+session "prompt text"
+```
+
+#### Session with Agent Reference
+
+```prose
+session: agentName
+```
+
+#### Named Session with Agent
+
+```prose
+session sessionName: agentName
+```
+
+#### Session with Properties
+
+```prose
+session: agentName
+  prompt: "Override the agent's default prompt"
+  model: opus  # Override the agent's model
+```
+
+### Property Overrides
+
+When a session references an agent, it can override the agent's properties:
+
+```prose
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You are a research assistant"
+
+# Use researcher with different model
+session: researcher
+  model: opus
+
+# Use researcher with different prompt
+session: researcher
+  prompt: "Research this specific topic in depth"
+
+# Override both
+session: researcher
+  model: opus
+  prompt: "Specialized research task"
+```
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When the OpenProse VM encounters a `session` statement:
+
+1. **Resolve Configuration**: Merge agent defaults with session overrides
+2. **Spawn a Subagent**: Create a new Claude subagent with the resolved configuration
+3. **Send the Prompt**: Pass the prompt string to the subagent
+4. **Wait for Completion**: Block until the subagent finishes
+5. **Continue**: Proceed to the next statement
+
+### Execution Flow Diagram
+
+```
+OpenProse VM                    Subagent
+    |                              |
+    |  spawn session               |
+    |----------------------------->|
+    |                              |
+    |  send prompt                 |
+    |----------------------------->|
+    |                              |
+    |  [processing...]             |
+    |                              |
+    |  session complete            |
+    |<-----------------------------|
+    |                              |
+    |  continue to next statement  |
+    v                              v
+```
+
+### Sequential Execution
+
+Multiple sessions execute sequentially:
+
+```prose
+session "First task"
+session "Second task"
+session "Third task"
+```
+
+Each session waits for the previous one to complete before starting.
+
+### Using Claude Code's Task Tool
+
+To execute a session, use the Task tool:
+
+```typescript
+// Simple session
+Task({
+  description: "OpenProse session",
+  prompt: "The prompt from the session statement",
+  subagent_type: "general-purpose",
+});
+
+// Session with agent configuration
+Task({
+  description: "OpenProse session",
+  prompt: "The session prompt",
+  subagent_type: "general-purpose",
+  model: "opus", // From agent or override
+});
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                     | Severity | Message                                      |
+| ------------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------- |
+| Missing prompt and agent  | Error    | Session requires a prompt or agent reference |
+| Undefined agent reference | Error    | Agent not defined                            |
+| Empty prompt `""`         | Warning  | Session has empty prompt                     |
+| Whitespace-only prompt    | Warning  | Session prompt contains only whitespace      |
+| Prompt > 10,000 chars     | Warning  | Consider breaking into smaller tasks         |
+| Duplicate property        | Error    | Property already specified                   |
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Simple session
+session "Hello world"
+
+# Session with agent
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You research topics thoroughly"
+
+session: researcher
+  prompt: "Research quantum computing applications"
+
+# Named session
+session analysis: researcher
+  prompt: "Analyze the competitive landscape"
+```
+
+### Canonical Form
+
+The compiled output preserves the structure:
+
+```
+Input:
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+
+session: researcher
+  prompt: "Do research"
+
+Output:
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+session: researcher
+  prompt: "Do research"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Resume Statement
+
+The `resume` statement continues a persistent agent with its accumulated memory.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+resume: agentName
+  prompt: "Continue from where we left off"
+```
+
+### Semantics
+
+| Keyword | Behavior |
+|---------|----------|
+| `session:` | Ignores existing memory, starts fresh |
+| `resume:` | Loads memory, continues with context |
+
+### Examples
+
+```prose
+agent captain:
+  model: opus
+  persist: true
+  prompt: "You coordinate and review"
+
+# First invocation - creates memory
+session: captain
+  prompt: "Review the plan"
+  context: plan
+
+# Later invocation - loads memory
+resume: captain
+  prompt: "Review step 1 of the plan"
+  context: step1
+
+# Output capture works with resume
+let review = resume: captain
+  prompt: "Final review of all steps"
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check | Severity | Message |
+|-------|----------|---------|
+| `resume:` on non-persistent agent | Error | Agent must have `persist:` property to use `resume:` |
+| `resume:` with no existing memory | Error | No memory file exists for agent; use `session:` for first invocation |
+| `session:` on persistent agent with memory | Warning | Will ignore existing memory; use `resume:` to continue |
+| Undefined agent reference | Error | Agent not defined |
+
+---
+
+## Variables & Context
+
+Variables allow you to capture the results of sessions and pass them as context to subsequent sessions.
+
+### Let Binding
+
+The `let` keyword creates a mutable variable bound to a session result:
+
+```prose
+let research = session "Research the topic thoroughly"
+
+# research now holds the output of that session
+```
+
+Variables can be reassigned:
+
+```prose
+let draft = session "Write initial draft"
+
+# Revise the draft
+draft = session "Improve the draft"
+  context: draft
+```
+
+### Const Binding
+
+The `const` keyword creates an immutable variable:
+
+```prose
+const config = session "Get configuration settings"
+
+# This would be an error:
+# config = session "Try to change"
+```
+
+### Context Property
+
+The `context` property passes previous session outputs to a new session:
+
+#### Single Context
+
+```prose
+let research = session "Research quantum computing"
+
+session "Write summary"
+  context: research
+```
+
+#### Multiple Contexts
+
+```prose
+let research = session "Research the topic"
+let analysis = session "Analyze the findings"
+
+session "Write final report"
+  context: [research, analysis]
+```
+
+#### Empty Context (Fresh Start)
+
+Use an empty array to start a session without inherited context:
+
+```prose
+session "Independent task"
+  context: []
+```
+
+#### Object Context Shorthand
+
+For passing multiple named results (especially from parallel blocks), use object shorthand:
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  a = session "Task A"
+  b = session "Task B"
+
+session "Combine results"
+  context: { a, b }
+```
+
+This is equivalent to passing an object where each property is a variable reference.
+
+### Complete Example
+
+```prose
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You are a research assistant"
+
+agent writer:
+  model: opus
+  prompt: "You are a technical writer"
+
+# Gather research
+let research = session: researcher
+  prompt: "Research quantum computing developments"
+
+# Analyze findings
+let analysis = session: researcher
+  prompt: "Analyze the key findings"
+  context: research
+
+# Write the final report using both contexts
+const report = session: writer
+  prompt: "Write a comprehensive report"
+  context: [research, analysis]
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                           | Severity | Message                                            |
+| ------------------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| Duplicate variable name         | Error    | Variable already defined                           |
+| Const reassignment              | Error    | Cannot reassign const variable                     |
+| Undefined variable reference    | Error    | Undefined variable                                 |
+| Variable conflicts with agent   | Error    | Variable name conflicts with agent name            |
+| Undefined context variable      | Error    | Undefined variable in context                      |
+| Non-identifier in context array | Error    | Context array elements must be variable references |
+
+### Flat Namespace Requirement
+
+All variable names must be **unique within a program**. No shadowing is allowed across scopes.
+
+**This is a compile error:**
+
+```prose
+let result = session "Outer task"
+
+for item in items:
+  let result = session "Inner task"   # Error: 'result' already defined
+    context: item
+```
+
+**Why this constraint:** Since bindings are stored as `bindings/{name}.md`, two variables with the same name would collide on the filesystem. Rather than introduce complex scoping rules, we enforce uniqueness.
+
+**Collision scenarios this prevents:**
+1. Variable inside loop shadows variable outside loop
+2. Variables in different `if`/`elif`/`else` branches with same name
+3. Block parameters shadowing outer variables
+4. Parallel branches reusing outer variable names
+
+**Exception:** Imported programs run in isolated namespaces. A variable `result` in the main program does not collide with `result` in an imported program (they write to different `imports/{handle}--{slug}/bindings/` directories).
+
+---
+
+## Composition Blocks
+
+Composition blocks allow you to structure programs into reusable, named units and express sequences of operations inline.
+
+### do: Block (Anonymous Sequential Block)
+
+The `do:` keyword creates an explicit sequential block. All statements in the block execute in order.
+
+#### Syntax
+
+```prose
+do:
+  statement1
+  statement2
+  ...
+```
+
+#### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Explicit sequential block
+do:
+  session "Research the topic"
+  session "Analyze findings"
+  session "Write summary"
+
+# Assign result to a variable
+let result = do:
+  session "Gather data"
+  session "Process data"
+```
+
+### Block Definitions
+
+Named blocks create reusable workflow components. Define once, invoke multiple times.
+
+#### Syntax
+
+```prose
+block name:
+  statement1
+  statement2
+  ...
+```
+
+#### Invoking Blocks
+
+Use `do` followed by the block name to invoke a defined block:
+
+```prose
+do blockname
+```
+
+#### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Define a review pipeline
+block review-pipeline:
+  session "Security review"
+  session "Performance review"
+  session "Synthesize reviews"
+
+# Define another block
+block final-check:
+  session "Final verification"
+  session "Sign off"
+
+# Use the blocks
+do review-pipeline
+session "Make fixes based on review"
+do final-check
+```
+
+### Block Parameters
+
+Blocks can accept parameters to make them more flexible and reusable.
+
+#### Syntax
+
+```prose
+block name(param1, param2):
+  # param1 and param2 are available here
+  statement1
+  statement2
+```
+
+#### Invoking with Arguments
+
+Pass arguments when invoking a parameterized block:
+
+```prose
+do name(arg1, arg2)
+```
+
+#### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Define a parameterized block
+block review(topic):
+  session "Research {topic} thoroughly"
+  session "Analyze key findings about {topic}"
+  session "Summarize {topic} analysis"
+
+# Invoke with different arguments
+do review("quantum computing")
+do review("machine learning")
+do review("blockchain")
+```
+
+#### Multiple Parameters
+
+```prose
+block process-item(item, mode):
+  session "Process {item} using {mode} mode"
+  session "Verify {item} processing"
+
+do process-item("data.csv", "strict")
+do process-item("config.json", "lenient")
+```
+
+#### Parameter Scope
+
+- Parameters are scoped to the block body
+- Parameters shadow outer variables of the same name (with warning)
+- Parameters are implicitly `const` within the block
+
+#### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                   | Severity | Message                                        |
+| ----------------------- | -------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
+| Argument count mismatch | Warning  | Block expects N parameters but got M arguments |
+| Parameter shadows outer | Warning  | Parameter shadows outer variable               |
+
+### Inline Sequence (Arrow Operator)
+
+The `->` operator chains sessions into a sequence on a single line. This is syntactic sugar for sequential execution.
+
+#### Syntax
+
+```prose
+session "A" -> session "B" -> session "C"
+```
+
+This is equivalent to:
+
+```prose
+session "A"
+session "B"
+session "C"
+```
+
+#### Examples
+
+```prose
+# Quick pipeline
+session "Plan" -> session "Execute" -> session "Review"
+
+# Assign result
+let workflow = session "Draft" -> session "Edit" -> session "Finalize"
+```
+
+### Block Hoisting
+
+Block definitions are hoisted - you can use a block before it's defined in the source:
+
+```prose
+# Use before definition
+do validation-checks
+
+# Definition comes later
+block validation-checks:
+  session "Check syntax"
+  session "Check semantics"
+```
+
+### Nested Composition
+
+Blocks and do: blocks can be nested:
+
+```prose
+block outer-workflow:
+  session "Start"
+  do:
+    session "Sub-task 1"
+    session "Sub-task 2"
+  session "End"
+
+do:
+  do outer-workflow
+  session "Final step"
+```
+
+### Context with Blocks
+
+Blocks work with the context system:
+
+```prose
+# Capture do block result
+let research = do:
+  session "Gather information"
+  session "Analyze patterns"
+
+# Use in subsequent session
+session "Write report"
+  context: research
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                           | Severity | Message                              |
+| ------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Undefined block reference       | Error    | Block not defined                    |
+| Duplicate block definition      | Error    | Block already defined                |
+| Block name conflicts with agent | Error    | Block name conflicts with agent name |
+| Empty block name                | Error    | Block definition must have a name    |
+
+---
+
+## Parallel Blocks
+
+Parallel blocks allow multiple sessions to run concurrently. All branches execute simultaneously, and the block waits for all to complete before continuing.
+
+### Basic Syntax
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  session "Security review"
+  session "Performance review"
+  session "Style review"
+```
+
+All three sessions start at the same time and run concurrently. The program waits for all of them to complete before proceeding.
+
+### Named Parallel Results
+
+Capture the results of parallel branches into variables:
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  security = session "Security review"
+  perf = session "Performance review"
+  style = session "Style review"
+```
+
+These variables can then be used in subsequent sessions.
+
+### Object Context Shorthand
+
+Pass multiple parallel results to a session using object shorthand:
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  security = session "Security review"
+  perf = session "Performance review"
+  style = session "Style review"
+
+session "Synthesize all reviews"
+  context: { security, perf, style }
+```
+
+The object shorthand `{ a, b, c }` is equivalent to passing an object with properties `a`, `b`, and `c` where each property's value is the corresponding variable.
+
+### Mixed Composition
+
+#### Parallel Inside Sequential
+
+```prose
+do:
+  session "Setup"
+  parallel:
+    session "Task A"
+    session "Task B"
+  session "Cleanup"
+```
+
+The setup runs first, then Task A and Task B run in parallel, and finally cleanup runs.
+
+#### Sequential Inside Parallel
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  do:
+    session "Multi-step task 1a"
+    session "Multi-step task 1b"
+  do:
+    session "Multi-step task 2a"
+    session "Multi-step task 2b"
+```
+
+Each parallel branch contains a sequential workflow. The two workflows run concurrently.
+
+### Assigning Parallel Blocks to Variables
+
+```prose
+let results = parallel:
+  session "Task A"
+  session "Task B"
+```
+
+### Complete Example
+
+```prose
+agent reviewer:
+  model: sonnet
+
+# Run parallel reviews
+parallel:
+  sec = session: reviewer
+    prompt: "Review for security issues"
+  perf = session: reviewer
+    prompt: "Review for performance issues"
+  style = session: reviewer
+    prompt: "Review for style issues"
+
+# Combine all reviews
+session "Create unified review report"
+  context: { sec, perf, style }
+```
+
+### Join Strategies
+
+By default, parallel blocks wait for all branches to complete. You can specify alternative join strategies:
+
+#### First (Race)
+
+Return as soon as the first branch completes, cancel others:
+
+```prose
+parallel ("first"):
+  session "Try approach A"
+  session "Try approach B"
+  session "Try approach C"
+```
+
+The first successful result wins. Other branches are cancelled.
+
+#### Any (N of M)
+
+Return when any N branches complete successfully:
+
+```prose
+# Default: any 1 success
+parallel ("any"):
+  session "Attempt 1"
+  session "Attempt 2"
+
+# Specific count: wait for 2 successes
+parallel ("any", count: 2):
+  session "Attempt 1"
+  session "Attempt 2"
+  session "Attempt 3"
+```
+
+#### All (Default)
+
+Wait for all branches to complete:
+
+```prose
+# Implicit - this is the default
+parallel:
+  session "Task A"
+  session "Task B"
+
+# Explicit
+parallel ("all"):
+  session "Task A"
+  session "Task B"
+```
+
+### Failure Policies
+
+Control how the parallel block handles branch failures:
+
+#### Fail-Fast (Default)
+
+If any branch fails, fail immediately and cancel other branches:
+
+```prose
+parallel:  # Implicit fail-fast
+  session "Critical task 1"
+  session "Critical task 2"
+
+# Explicit
+parallel (on-fail: "fail-fast"):
+  session "Critical task 1"
+  session "Critical task 2"
+```
+
+#### Continue
+
+Let all branches complete, then report all failures:
+
+```prose
+parallel (on-fail: "continue"):
+  session "Task 1"
+  session "Task 2"
+  session "Task 3"
+
+# Continue regardless of which branches failed
+session "Process results, including failures"
+```
+
+#### Ignore
+
+Ignore all failures, always succeed:
+
+```prose
+parallel (on-fail: "ignore"):
+  session "Optional enrichment 1"
+  session "Optional enrichment 2"
+
+# This always runs, even if all branches failed
+session "Continue regardless"
+```
+
+### Combining Modifiers
+
+Join strategies and failure policies can be combined:
+
+```prose
+# Race with resilience
+parallel ("first", on-fail: "continue"):
+  session "Fast but unreliable"
+  session "Slow but reliable"
+
+# Get any 2 results, ignoring failures
+parallel ("any", count: 2, on-fail: "ignore"):
+  session "Approach 1"
+  session "Approach 2"
+  session "Approach 3"
+  session "Approach 4"
+```
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When the OpenProse VM encounters a `parallel:` block:
+
+1. **Fork**: Start all branches concurrently
+2. **Execute**: Each branch runs independently
+3. **Join**: Wait according to join strategy:
+   - `"all"` (default): Wait for all branches
+   - `"first"`: Return on first completion
+   - `"any"`: Return on first success (or N successes with `count`)
+4. **Handle failures**: According to on-fail policy:
+   - `"fail-fast"` (default): Cancel remaining and fail immediately
+   - `"continue"`: Wait for all, then report failures
+   - `"ignore"`: Treat failures as successes
+5. **Continue**: Proceed to the next statement with available results
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                                | Severity | Message                                      |
+| ------------------------------------ | -------- | -------------------------------------------- |
+| Invalid join strategy                | Error    | Must be "all", "first", or "any"             |
+| Invalid on-fail policy               | Error    | Must be "fail-fast", "continue", or "ignore" |
+| Count without "any"                  | Error    | Count is only valid with "any" strategy      |
+| Count less than 1                    | Error    | Count must be at least 1                     |
+| Count exceeds branches               | Warning  | Count exceeds number of parallel branches    |
+| Duplicate variable in parallel       | Error    | Variable already defined                     |
+| Variable conflicts with agent        | Error    | Variable name conflicts with agent name      |
+| Undefined variable in object context | Error    | Undefined variable in context                |
+
+---
+
+## Fixed Loops
+
+Fixed loops provide bounded iteration over a set number of times or over a collection.
+
+### Repeat Block
+
+The `repeat` block executes its body a fixed number of times.
+
+#### Basic Syntax
+
+```prose
+repeat 3:
+  session "Generate a creative idea"
+```
+
+#### With Index Variable
+
+Access the current iteration index using `as`:
+
+```prose
+repeat 5 as i:
+  session "Process item"
+    context: i
+```
+
+The index variable `i` is scoped to the loop body and starts at 0.
+
+### For-Each Block
+
+The `for` block iterates over a collection.
+
+#### Basic Syntax
+
+```prose
+let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+for fruit in fruits:
+  session "Describe this fruit"
+    context: fruit
+```
+
+#### With Inline Array
+
+```prose
+for topic in ["AI", "climate", "space"]:
+  session "Research this topic"
+    context: topic
+```
+
+#### With Index Variable
+
+Access both the item and its index:
+
+```prose
+let items = ["a", "b", "c"]
+for item, i in items:
+  session "Process item with index"
+    context: [item, i]
+```
+
+### Parallel For-Each
+
+The `parallel for` block runs all iterations concurrently (fan-out pattern):
+
+```prose
+let topics = ["AI", "climate", "space"]
+parallel for topic in topics:
+  session "Research this topic"
+    context: topic
+
+session "Combine all research"
+```
+
+This is equivalent to:
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  session "Research AI" context: "AI"
+  session "Research climate" context: "climate"
+  session "Research space" context: "space"
+```
+
+But more concise and dynamic.
+
+### Variable Scoping
+
+Loop variables are scoped to the loop body:
+
+- They are implicitly `const` within each iteration
+- They shadow outer variables of the same name (with a warning)
+- They are not accessible outside the loop
+
+```prose
+let item = session "outer"
+for item in ["a", "b"]:
+  # 'item' here is the loop variable
+  session "process loop item"
+    context: item
+# 'item' here refers to the outer variable again
+session "use outer item"
+  context: item
+```
+
+### Nesting
+
+Loops can be nested:
+
+```prose
+repeat 2:
+  repeat 3:
+    session "Inner task"
+```
+
+Different loop types can be combined:
+
+```prose
+let items = ["a", "b"]
+repeat 2:
+  for item in items:
+    session "Process item"
+      context: item
+```
+
+### Complete Example
+
+```prose
+# Generate multiple variations of ideas
+repeat 3:
+  session "Generate a creative startup idea"
+
+session "Select the best idea from the options above"
+
+# Research the selected idea from multiple angles
+let angles = ["market", "technology", "competition"]
+parallel for angle in angles:
+  session "Research this angle of the startup idea"
+    context: angle
+
+session "Synthesize all research into a business plan"
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                         | Severity | Message                              |
+| ----------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Repeat count must be positive | Error    | Repeat count must be positive        |
+| Repeat count must be integer  | Error    | Repeat count must be an integer      |
+| Undefined collection variable | Error    | Undefined collection variable        |
+| Loop variable shadows outer   | Warning  | Loop variable shadows outer variable |
+
+---
+
+## Unbounded Loops
+
+Unbounded loops provide iteration with AI-evaluated termination conditions. Unlike fixed loops, the iteration count is not known ahead of time - the OpenProse VM evaluates conditions at runtime using its intelligence to determine when to stop.
+
+### Discretion Markers
+
+Unbounded loops use **discretion markers** (`**...**`) to wrap AI-evaluated conditions. These markers signal that the enclosed text should be interpreted intelligently by the OpenProse VM at runtime, not as a literal boolean expression.
+
+```prose
+# The text inside **...** is evaluated by the AI
+loop until **the poem has vivid imagery and flows smoothly**:
+  session "Review and improve the poem"
+```
+
+For multi-line conditions, use triple-asterisks:
+
+```prose
+loop until ***
+  the document is complete
+  all sections have been reviewed
+  and formatting is consistent
+***:
+  session "Continue working on the document"
+```
+
+### Basic Loop
+
+The simplest unbounded loop runs indefinitely until explicitly limited:
+
+```prose
+loop:
+  session "Process next item"
+```
+
+**Warning**: Loops without termination conditions or max iterations generate a warning. Always include a safety limit:
+
+```prose
+loop (max: 50):
+  session "Process next item"
+```
+
+### Loop Until
+
+The `loop until` variant runs until a condition becomes true:
+
+```prose
+loop until **the task is complete**:
+  session "Continue working on the task"
+```
+
+The OpenProse VM evaluates the discretion condition after each iteration and exits when it determines the condition is satisfied.
+
+### Loop While
+
+The `loop while` variant runs while a condition remains true:
+
+```prose
+loop while **there are still items to process**:
+  session "Process the next item"
+```
+
+Semantically, `loop while **X**` is equivalent to `loop until **not X**`.
+
+### Iteration Variable
+
+Track the current iteration number using `as`:
+
+```prose
+loop until **done** as attempt:
+  session "Try approach"
+    context: attempt
+```
+
+The iteration variable:
+
+- Starts at 0
+- Increments by 1 each iteration
+- Is scoped to the loop body
+- Is implicitly `const` within each iteration
+
+### Safety Limits
+
+Specify maximum iterations with `(max: N)`:
+
+```prose
+# Stop after 10 iterations even if condition not met
+loop until **all bugs fixed** (max: 10):
+  session "Find and fix a bug"
+```
+
+The loop exits when:
+
+1. The condition is satisfied (for `until`/`while` variants), OR
+2. The maximum iteration count is reached
+
+### Complete Syntax
+
+All options can be combined:
+
+```prose
+loop until **condition** (max: N) as i:
+  body...
+```
+
+Order matters: condition comes before modifiers, modifiers before `as`.
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Iterative Improvement
+
+```prose
+session "Write an initial draft"
+
+loop until **the draft is polished and ready for review** (max: 5):
+  session "Review the current draft and identify issues"
+  session "Revise the draft to address the issues"
+
+session "Present the final draft"
+```
+
+#### Debugging Workflow
+
+```prose
+session "Run tests to identify failures"
+
+loop until **all tests pass** (max: 20) as attempt:
+  session "Identify the failing test"
+  session "Fix the bug causing the failure"
+  session "Run tests again"
+
+session "Confirm all tests pass and summarize fixes"
+```
+
+#### Consensus Building
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  opinion1 = session "Get first expert opinion"
+  opinion2 = session "Get second expert opinion"
+
+loop until **experts have reached consensus** (max: 5):
+  session "Identify points of disagreement"
+    context: { opinion1, opinion2 }
+  session "Facilitate discussion to resolve differences"
+
+session "Document the final consensus"
+```
+
+#### Quality Threshold
+
+```prose
+let draft = session "Create initial document"
+
+loop while **quality score is below threshold** (max: 10):
+  draft = session "Review and improve the document"
+    context: draft
+  session "Calculate new quality score"
+
+session "Finalize the document"
+  context: draft
+```
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When the OpenProse VM encounters an unbounded loop:
+
+1. **Initialize**: Set iteration counter to 0
+2. **Check Condition** (for `until`/`while`):
+   - For `until`: Exit if condition is satisfied
+   - For `while`: Exit if condition is NOT satisfied
+3. **Check Limit**: Exit if iteration count >= max iterations
+4. **Execute Body**: Run all statements in the loop body
+5. **Increment**: Increase iteration counter
+6. **Repeat**: Go to step 2
+
+For basic `loop:` without conditions:
+
+- Only the max iteration limit can cause exit
+- Without max, the loop runs indefinitely (warning issued)
+
+### Condition Evaluation
+
+The OpenProse VM uses its intelligence to evaluate discretion conditions:
+
+1. **Context Awareness**: The condition is evaluated in the context of what has happened so far in the session
+2. **Semantic Understanding**: The condition text is interpreted semantically, not literally
+3. **Uncertainty Handling**: When uncertain, the OpenProse VM may:
+   - Continue iterating if progress is being made
+   - Exit early if diminishing returns are detected
+   - Use heuristics based on the condition's semantics
+
+### Nesting
+
+Unbounded loops can be nested with other loop types:
+
+```prose
+# Unbounded inside fixed
+repeat 3:
+  loop until **sub-task complete** (max: 10):
+    session "Work on sub-task"
+
+# Fixed inside unbounded
+loop until **all batches processed** (max: 5):
+  repeat 3:
+    session "Process batch item"
+
+# Multiple unbounded
+loop until **outer condition** (max: 5):
+  loop until **inner condition** (max: 10):
+    session "Deep iteration"
+```
+
+### Variable Scoping
+
+Loop variables follow the same scoping rules as fixed loops:
+
+```prose
+let i = session "outer"
+loop until **done** as i:
+  # 'i' here is the loop variable (shadows outer)
+  session "use loop i"
+    context: i
+# 'i' here refers to the outer variable again
+session "use outer i"
+  context: i
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                         | Severity | Message                               |
+| ----------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------- |
+| Loop without max or condition | Warning  | Unbounded loop without max iterations |
+| Max iterations <= 0           | Error    | Max iterations must be positive       |
+| Max iterations not integer    | Error    | Max iterations must be an integer     |
+| Empty discretion condition    | Error    | Discretion condition cannot be empty  |
+| Very short condition          | Warning  | Discretion condition may be ambiguous |
+| Loop variable shadows outer   | Warning  | Loop variable shadows outer variable  |
+
+---
+
+## Pipeline Operations
+
+Pipeline operations provide functional-style collection transformations. They allow you to chain operations like map, filter, and reduce using the pipe operator (`|`).
+
+### Pipe Operator
+
+The pipe operator (`|`) passes a collection to a transformation operation:
+
+```prose
+let items = ["a", "b", "c"]
+let results = items | map:
+  session "Process this item"
+    context: item
+```
+
+### Map
+
+The `map` operation transforms each element in a collection:
+
+```prose
+let articles = ["article1", "article2", "article3"]
+
+let summaries = articles | map:
+  session "Summarize this article in one sentence"
+    context: item
+```
+
+Inside a map body, the implicit variable `item` refers to the current element being processed.
+
+### Filter
+
+The `filter` operation keeps elements that match a condition:
+
+```prose
+let items = ["one", "two", "three", "four", "five"]
+
+let short = items | filter:
+  session "Does this word have 4 or fewer letters? Answer yes or no."
+    context: item
+```
+
+The session in a filter body should return something the OpenProse VM can interpret as truthy/falsy (like "yes"/"no").
+
+### Reduce
+
+The `reduce` operation accumulates elements into a single result:
+
+```prose
+let ideas = ["AI assistant", "smart home", "health tracker"]
+
+let combined = ideas | reduce(summary, idea):
+  session "Add this idea to the summary, creating a cohesive concept"
+    context: [summary, idea]
+```
+
+The reduce operation requires explicit variable names:
+
+- First variable (`summary`): the accumulator
+- Second variable (`idea`): the current item
+
+The first item in the collection becomes the initial accumulator value.
+
+### Parallel Map (pmap)
+
+The `pmap` operation is like `map` but runs all transformations concurrently:
+
+```prose
+let tasks = ["task1", "task2", "task3"]
+
+let results = tasks | pmap:
+  session "Process this task in parallel"
+    context: item
+
+session "Aggregate all results"
+  context: results
+```
+
+This is similar to `parallel for`, but in pipeline syntax.
+
+### Chaining
+
+Pipeline operations can be chained to compose complex transformations:
+
+```prose
+let topics = ["quantum computing", "blockchain", "machine learning", "IoT"]
+
+let result = topics
+  | filter:
+      session "Is this topic trending? Answer yes or no."
+        context: item
+  | map:
+      session "Write a one-line startup pitch for this topic"
+        context: item
+
+session "Present the startup pitches"
+  context: result
+```
+
+Operations execute left-to-right: first filter, then map.
+
+### Complete Example
+
+```prose
+# Define a collection
+let articles = ["AI breakthroughs", "Climate solutions", "Space exploration"]
+
+# Process with chained operations
+let summaries = articles
+  | filter:
+      session "Is this topic relevant to technology? Answer yes or no."
+        context: item
+  | map:
+      session "Write a compelling one-paragraph summary"
+        context: item
+  | reduce(combined, summary):
+      session "Merge this summary into the combined document"
+        context: [combined, summary]
+
+# Present the final result
+session "Format and present the combined summaries"
+  context: summaries
+```
+
+### Implicit Variables
+
+| Operation | Available Variables                          |
+| --------- | -------------------------------------------- |
+| `map`     | `item` - current element                     |
+| `filter`  | `item` - current element                     |
+| `pmap`    | `item` - current element                     |
+| `reduce`  | Named explicitly: `reduce(accVar, itemVar):` |
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When the OpenProse VM encounters a pipeline:
+
+1. **Input**: Start with the input collection
+2. **For each operation**:
+   - **map**: Transform each element, producing a new collection
+   - **filter**: Keep elements where the session returns truthy
+   - **reduce**: Accumulate elements into a single value
+   - **pmap**: Transform all elements concurrently
+3. **Output**: Return the final transformed collection/value
+
+### Variable Scoping
+
+Pipeline variables are scoped to their operation body:
+
+```prose
+let item = "outer"
+let items = ["a", "b"]
+
+let results = items | map:
+  # 'item' here is the pipeline variable (shadows outer)
+  session "process"
+    context: item
+
+# 'item' here refers to the outer variable again
+session "use outer"
+  context: item
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                           | Severity | Message                                            |
+| ------------------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| Undefined input collection      | Error    | Undefined collection variable                      |
+| Invalid pipe operator           | Error    | Expected pipe operator (map, filter, reduce, pmap) |
+| Reduce without variables        | Error    | Expected accumulator and item variables            |
+| Pipeline variable shadows outer | Warning  | Implicit/explicit variable shadows outer variable  |
+
+---
+
+## Error Handling
+
+OpenProse provides structured error handling with try/catch/finally blocks, throw statements, and retry mechanisms for resilient workflows.
+
+### Try/Catch Blocks
+
+The `try:` block wraps operations that might fail. The `catch:` block handles errors.
+
+```prose
+try:
+  session "Attempt risky operation"
+catch:
+  session "Handle the error gracefully"
+```
+
+#### Error Variable Access
+
+Use `catch as err:` to capture error context for the error handler:
+
+```prose
+try:
+  session "Call external API"
+catch as err:
+  session "Log and handle the error"
+    context: err
+```
+
+The error variable (`err`) contains contextual information about what went wrong and is only accessible within the catch block.
+
+### Try/Catch/Finally
+
+The `finally:` block always executes, whether the try block succeeds or fails:
+
+```prose
+try:
+  session "Acquire and use resource"
+catch:
+  session "Handle any errors"
+finally:
+  session "Always clean up resource"
+```
+
+#### Execution Order
+
+1. **Try succeeds**: try body → finally body
+2. **Try fails**: try body (until failure) → catch body → finally body
+
+### Try/Finally (No Catch)
+
+For cleanup without error handling, use try/finally:
+
+```prose
+try:
+  session "Open connection and do work"
+finally:
+  session "Close connection"
+```
+
+### Throw Statement
+
+The `throw` statement raises or re-raises errors.
+
+#### Rethrow
+
+Inside a catch block, `throw` without arguments re-raises the caught error to outer handlers:
+
+```prose
+try:
+  try:
+    session "Inner operation"
+  catch:
+    session "Partial handling"
+    throw  # Re-raise to outer handler
+catch:
+  session "Handle re-raised error"
+```
+
+#### Throw with Message
+
+Throw a new error with a custom message:
+
+```prose
+session "Check preconditions"
+throw "Precondition not met"
+```
+
+### Nested Error Handling
+
+Try blocks can be nested. Inner catch blocks don't trigger outer handlers unless they rethrow:
+
+```prose
+try:
+  session "Outer operation"
+  try:
+    session "Inner risky operation"
+  catch:
+    session "Handle inner error"  # Outer catch won't run
+  session "Continue outer operation"
+catch:
+  session "Handle outer error only"
+```
+
+### Error Handling in Parallel
+
+Each parallel branch can have its own error handling:
+
+```prose
+parallel:
+  try:
+    session "Branch A might fail"
+  catch:
+    session "Recover branch A"
+  try:
+    session "Branch B might fail"
+  catch:
+    session "Recover branch B"
+
+session "Continue with recovered results"
+```
+
+This differs from the `on-fail:` policy which controls behavior when unhandled errors occur.
+
+### Retry Property
+
+The `retry:` property makes a session automatically retry on failure:
+
+```prose
+session "Call flaky API"
+  retry: 3
+```
+
+#### Retry with Backoff
+
+Add `backoff:` to control delay between retries:
+
+```prose
+session "Rate-limited API"
+  retry: 5
+  backoff: exponential
+```
+
+**Backoff Strategies:**
+
+| Strategy      | Behavior                           |
+| ------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| `none`        | Immediate retry (default)          |
+| `linear`      | Fixed delay between retries        |
+| `exponential` | Doubling delay (1s, 2s, 4s, 8s...) |
+
+#### Retry with Context
+
+Retry works with other session properties:
+
+```prose
+let data = session "Get input"
+session "Process data"
+  context: data
+  retry: 3
+  backoff: linear
+```
+
+### Combining Patterns
+
+Retry and try/catch work together for maximum resilience:
+
+```prose
+try:
+  session "Call external service"
+    retry: 3
+    backoff: exponential
+catch:
+  session "All retries failed, use fallback"
+```
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                        | Severity | Message                                             |
+| ---------------------------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
+| Try without catch or finally | Error    | Try block must have at least "catch:" or "finally:" |
+| Error variable shadows outer | Warning  | Error variable shadows outer variable               |
+| Empty throw message          | Warning  | Throw message is empty                              |
+| Non-positive retry count     | Error    | Retry count must be positive                        |
+| Non-integer retry count      | Error    | Retry count must be an integer                      |
+| High retry count (>10)       | Warning  | Retry count is unusually high                       |
+| Invalid backoff strategy     | Error    | Must be none, linear, or exponential                |
+| Retry on agent definition    | Warning  | Retry property is only valid in session statements  |
+
+### Syntax Reference
+
+```
+try_block ::= "try" ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+              [catch_block]
+              [finally_block]
+
+catch_block ::= "catch" ["as" identifier] ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+
+finally_block ::= "finally" ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+
+throw_statement ::= "throw" [string_literal]
+
+retry_property ::= "retry" ":" number_literal
+
+backoff_property ::= "backoff" ":" ( "none" | "linear" | "exponential" )
+```
+
+---
+
+## Choice Blocks
+
+Choice blocks allow the OpenProse VM to select from multiple labeled options based on criteria. This is useful for branching workflows where the best path depends on runtime analysis.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```prose
+choice **criteria**:
+  option "Label A":
+    statements...
+  option "Label B":
+    statements...
+```
+
+### Criteria
+
+The criteria is wrapped in discretion markers (`**...**`) and is evaluated by the OpenProse VM to select which option to execute:
+
+```prose
+choice **the best approach for the current situation**:
+  option "Quick fix":
+    session "Apply a quick temporary fix"
+  option "Full refactor":
+    session "Perform a complete code refactor"
+```
+
+### Multi-line Criteria
+
+For complex criteria, use triple-asterisks:
+
+```prose
+choice ***
+  which strategy is most appropriate
+  given the current project constraints
+  and timeline requirements
+***:
+  option "MVP approach":
+    session "Build minimum viable product"
+  option "Full feature set":
+    session "Build complete feature set"
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Simple Choice
+
+```prose
+let analysis = session "Analyze the code quality"
+
+choice **the severity of issues found in the analysis**:
+  option "Critical":
+    session "Stop deployment and fix critical issues"
+      context: analysis
+  option "Minor":
+    session "Log issues for later and proceed"
+      context: analysis
+  option "None":
+    session "Proceed with deployment"
+```
+
+#### Choice with Multiple Statements per Option
+
+```prose
+choice **the user's experience level**:
+  option "Beginner":
+    session "Explain basic concepts first"
+    session "Provide step-by-step guidance"
+    session "Include helpful tips and warnings"
+  option "Expert":
+    session "Provide concise technical summary"
+    session "Include advanced configuration options"
+```
+
+#### Nested Choices
+
+```prose
+choice **the type of request**:
+  option "Bug report":
+    choice **the bug severity**:
+      option "Critical":
+        session "Escalate immediately"
+      option "Normal":
+        session "Add to sprint backlog"
+  option "Feature request":
+    session "Add to feature backlog"
+```
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When the OpenProse VM encounters a `choice` block:
+
+1. **Evaluate Criteria**: Interpret the discretion criteria in current context
+2. **Select Option**: Choose the most appropriate labeled option
+3. **Execute**: Run all statements in the selected option's body
+4. **Continue**: Proceed to the next statement after the choice block
+
+Only one option is executed per choice block.
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check                   | Severity | Message                                    |
+| ----------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------ |
+| Choice without options  | Error    | Choice block must have at least one option |
+| Empty criteria          | Error    | Choice criteria cannot be empty            |
+| Duplicate option labels | Warning  | Duplicate option label                     |
+| Empty option body       | Warning  | Option has empty body                      |
+
+### Syntax Reference
+
+```
+choice_block ::= "choice" discretion ":" NEWLINE INDENT option+ DEDENT
+
+option ::= "option" string ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+
+discretion ::= "**" text "**" | "***" text "***"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Conditional Statements
+
+If/elif/else statements provide conditional branching based on AI-evaluated conditions using discretion markers.
+
+### If Statement
+
+```prose
+if **condition**:
+  statements...
+```
+
+### If/Else
+
+```prose
+if **condition**:
+  statements...
+else:
+  statements...
+```
+
+### If/Elif/Else
+
+```prose
+if **first condition**:
+  statements...
+elif **second condition**:
+  statements...
+elif **third condition**:
+  statements...
+else:
+  statements...
+```
+
+### Discretion Conditions
+
+Conditions are wrapped in discretion markers (`**...**`) for AI evaluation:
+
+```prose
+let analysis = session "Analyze the codebase"
+
+if **the code has security vulnerabilities**:
+  session "Fix security issues immediately"
+    context: analysis
+elif **the code has performance issues**:
+  session "Optimize performance bottlenecks"
+    context: analysis
+else:
+  session "Proceed with normal review"
+    context: analysis
+```
+
+### Multi-line Conditions
+
+Use triple-asterisks for complex conditions:
+
+```prose
+if ***
+  the test suite passes
+  and the code coverage is above 80%
+  and there are no linting errors
+***:
+  session "Deploy to production"
+else:
+  session "Fix issues before deploying"
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Simple If
+
+```prose
+session "Check system health"
+
+if **the system is healthy**:
+  session "Continue with normal operations"
+```
+
+#### If/Else
+
+```prose
+let review = session "Review the pull request"
+
+if **the code changes are safe and well-tested**:
+  session "Approve and merge the PR"
+    context: review
+else:
+  session "Request changes"
+    context: review
+```
+
+#### Multiple Elif
+
+```prose
+let status = session "Check project status"
+
+if **the project is on track**:
+  session "Continue as planned"
+elif **the project is slightly delayed**:
+  session "Adjust timeline and communicate"
+elif **the project is significantly delayed**:
+  session "Escalate to management"
+  session "Create recovery plan"
+else:
+  session "Assess project viability"
+```
+
+#### Nested Conditionals
+
+```prose
+if **the request is authenticated**:
+  if **the user has admin privileges**:
+    session "Process admin request"
+  else:
+    session "Process standard user request"
+else:
+  session "Return authentication error"
+```
+
+### Combining with Other Constructs
+
+#### With Try/Catch
+
+```prose
+try:
+  session "Attempt operation"
+  if **operation succeeded partially**:
+    session "Complete remaining steps"
+catch as err:
+  if **error is recoverable**:
+    session "Apply recovery procedure"
+      context: err
+  else:
+    throw "Unrecoverable error"
+```
+
+#### With Loops
+
+```prose
+loop until **task complete** (max: 10):
+  session "Work on task"
+  if **encountered blocker**:
+    session "Resolve blocker"
+```
+
+### Execution Semantics
+
+When the OpenProse VM encounters an `if` statement:
+
+1. **Evaluate Condition**: Interpret the first discretion condition
+2. **If True**: Execute the then-body and skip remaining clauses
+3. **If False**: Check each `elif` condition in order
+4. **Elif Match**: Execute that elif's body and skip remaining
+5. **No Match**: Execute the `else` body (if present)
+6. **Continue**: Proceed to the next statement
+
+### Validation Rules
+
+| Check           | Severity | Message                           |
+| --------------- | -------- | --------------------------------- |
+| Empty condition | Error    | If/elif condition cannot be empty |
+| Elif without if | Error    | Elif must follow if               |
+| Else without if | Error    | Else must follow if or elif       |
+| Multiple else   | Error    | Only one else clause allowed      |
+| Empty body      | Warning  | Condition has empty body          |
+
+### Syntax Reference
+
+```
+if_statement ::= "if" discretion ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+                 elif_clause*
+                 [else_clause]
+
+elif_clause ::= "elif" discretion ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+
+else_clause ::= "else" ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+
+discretion ::= "**" text "**" | "***" text "***"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Execution Model
+
+OpenProse uses a two-phase execution model.
+
+### Phase 1: Compilation (Static)
+
+The compile phase handles deterministic preprocessing:
+
+1. **Parse**: Convert source code to AST
+2. **Validate**: Check for syntax and semantic errors
+3. **Expand**: Normalize syntax sugar (when implemented)
+4. **Output**: Generate canonical program
+
+### Phase 2: Runtime (Intelligent)
+
+The OpenProse VM executes the compiled program:
+
+1. **Load**: Receive the compiled program
+2. **Collect Agents**: Register all agent definitions
+3. **Execute**: Process each statement in order
+4. **Spawn**: Create subagents with resolved configurations
+5. **Coordinate**: Manage context passing between sessions
+
+### OpenProse VM Behavior
+
+| Aspect               | Behavior                                        |
+| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
+| Execution order      | Strict - follows program exactly                |
+| Session creation     | Strict - creates what program specifies         |
+| Agent resolution     | Strict - merge properties deterministically     |
+| Context passing      | Intelligent - summarizes/transforms as needed   |
+| Completion detection | Intelligent - determines when session is "done" |
+
+### State Management
+
+For the current implementation, state is tracked in-context (conversation history):
+
+| State Type          | Tracking Approach                                   |
+| ------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
+| Agent definitions   | Collected at program start                          |
+| Execution flow      | Implicit reasoning ("completed X, now executing Y") |
+| Session outputs     | Held in conversation history                        |
+| Position in program | Tracked by OpenProse VM                             |
+
+---
+
+## Validation Rules
+
+The validator checks programs for errors and warnings before execution.
+
+### Errors (Block Execution)
+
+| Code | Description                         |
+| ---- | ----------------------------------- |
+| E001 | Unterminated string literal         |
+| E002 | Unknown escape sequence in string   |
+| E003 | Session missing prompt or agent     |
+| E004 | Unexpected token                    |
+| E005 | Invalid syntax                      |
+| E006 | Duplicate agent definition          |
+| E007 | Undefined agent reference           |
+| E008 | Invalid model value                 |
+| E009 | Duplicate property                  |
+| E010 | Duplicate use statement             |
+| E011 | Empty use path                      |
+| E012 | Invalid use path format             |
+| E013 | Skills must be an array             |
+| E014 | Skill name must be a string         |
+| E015 | Permissions must be a block         |
+| E016 | Permission pattern must be a string |
+| E017 | `resume:` requires persistent agent |
+| E018 | `resume:` with no existing memory   |
+| E019 | Duplicate variable name (flat namespace) |
+| E020 | Empty input name                    |
+| E021 | Duplicate input declaration         |
+| E022 | Input after executable statement    |
+| E023 | Empty output name                   |
+| E024 | Duplicate output declaration        |
+| E025 | Unknown program in invocation       |
+| E026 | Missing required input              |
+| E027 | Unknown input name in invocation    |
+| E028 | Unknown output property access      |
+
+### Warnings (Non-blocking)
+
+| Code | Description                              |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| W001 | Empty session prompt                     |
+| W002 | Whitespace-only session prompt           |
+| W003 | Session prompt exceeds 10,000 characters |
+| W004 | Empty prompt property                    |
+| W005 | Unknown property name                    |
+| W006 | Unknown import source format             |
+| W007 | Skill not imported                       |
+| W008 | Unknown permission type                  |
+| W009 | Unknown permission value                 |
+| W010 | Empty skills array                       |
+| W011 | `session:` on persistent agent with existing memory |
+
+### Error Message Format
+
+Errors include location information:
+
+```
+Error at line 5, column 12: Unterminated string literal
+  session "Hello
+          ^
+```
+
+---
+
+## Examples
+
+### Minimal Program
+
+```prose
+session "Hello world"
+```
+
+### Research Pipeline with Agents
+
+```prose
+# Define specialized agents
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You are a research assistant"
+
+agent writer:
+  model: opus
+  prompt: "You are a technical writer"
+
+# Execute workflow
+session: researcher
+  prompt: "Research recent developments in quantum computing"
+
+session: writer
+  prompt: "Write a summary of the research findings"
+```
+
+### Code Review Workflow
+
+```prose
+agent reviewer:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You are an expert code reviewer"
+
+session: reviewer
+  prompt: "Read the code in src/ and identify potential bugs"
+
+session: reviewer
+  prompt: "Suggest fixes for each bug found"
+
+session: reviewer
+  prompt: "Create a summary of all changes needed"
+```
+
+### Multi-step Task with Model Override
+
+```prose
+agent analyst:
+  model: haiku
+  prompt: "You analyze data quickly"
+
+# Quick initial analysis
+session: analyst
+  prompt: "Scan the data for obvious patterns"
+
+# Detailed analysis with more powerful model
+session: analyst
+  model: opus
+  prompt: "Perform deep analysis on the patterns found"
+```
+
+### Comments for Documentation
+
+```prose
+# Project: Quarterly Report Generator
+# Author: Team Lead
+# Date: 2024-01-01
+
+agent data-collector:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You gather and organize data"
+
+agent analyst:
+  model: opus
+  prompt: "You analyze data and create insights"
+
+# Step 1: Gather data
+session: data-collector
+  prompt: "Collect all sales data from the past quarter"
+
+# Step 2: Analysis
+session: analyst
+  prompt: "Perform trend analysis on the collected data"
+
+# Step 3: Report generation
+session: analyst
+  prompt: "Generate a formatted quarterly report with charts"
+```
+
+### Workflow with Skills and Permissions
+
+```prose
+# Import external programs
+use "@anthropic/web-search"
+use "@anthropic/file-writer" as file-writer
+
+# Define a secure research agent
+agent researcher:
+  model: sonnet
+  prompt: "You are a research assistant"
+  skills: ["web-search"]
+  permissions:
+    read: ["*.md", "*.txt"]
+    bash: deny
+
+# Define a writer agent
+agent writer:
+  model: opus
+  prompt: "You create documentation"
+  skills: ["file-writer"]
+  permissions:
+    write: ["docs/"]
+    bash: deny
+
+# Execute workflow
+session: researcher
+  prompt: "Research AI safety topics"
+
+session: writer
+  prompt: "Write a summary document"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Future Features
+
+All core features through Tier 12 have been implemented. Potential future enhancements:
+
+### Tier 13: Extended Features
+
+- Custom functions with return values
+- Module system for code organization
+- Type annotations for validation
+- Async/await patterns for advanced concurrency
+
+### Tier 14: Tooling
+
+- Language server protocol (LSP) support
+- VS Code extension
+- Interactive debugger
+- Performance profiling
+
+---
+
+## Syntax Grammar (Implemented)
+
+```
+program     → statement* EOF
+statement   → useStatement | inputDecl | agentDef | session | resumeStmt
+            | letBinding | constBinding | assignment | outputBinding
+            | parallelBlock | repeatBlock | forEachBlock | loopBlock
+            | tryBlock | choiceBlock | ifStatement | doBlock | blockDef
+            | throwStatement | comment
+
+# Program Composition
+useStatement → "use" string ( "as" IDENTIFIER )?
+inputDecl   → "input" IDENTIFIER ":" string
+outputBinding → "output" IDENTIFIER "=" expression
+programCall → IDENTIFIER "(" ( IDENTIFIER ":" expression )* ")"
+
+# Definitions
+agentDef    → "agent" IDENTIFIER ":" NEWLINE INDENT agentProperty* DEDENT
+agentProperty → "model:" ( "sonnet" | "opus" | "haiku" )
+              | "prompt:" string
+              | "persist:" ( "true" | "project" | string )
+              | "context:" ( IDENTIFIER | array | objectContext )
+              | "retry:" NUMBER
+              | "backoff:" ( "none" | "linear" | "exponential" )
+              | "skills:" "[" string* "]"
+              | "permissions:" NEWLINE INDENT permission* DEDENT
+blockDef    → "block" IDENTIFIER params? ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement* DEDENT
+params      → "(" IDENTIFIER ( "," IDENTIFIER )* ")"
+
+# Control Flow
+parallelBlock → "parallel" parallelMods? ":" NEWLINE INDENT parallelBranch* DEDENT
+parallelMods  → "(" ( joinStrategy | onFail | countMod ) ( "," ( joinStrategy | onFail | countMod ) )* ")"
+joinStrategy  → string                              # "all" | "first" | "any"
+onFail        → "on-fail" ":" string                # "fail-fast" | "continue" | "ignore"
+countMod      → "count" ":" NUMBER                  # only valid with "any"
+parallelBranch → ( IDENTIFIER "=" )? statement
+
+# Loops
+repeatBlock → "repeat" NUMBER ( "as" IDENTIFIER )? ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement* DEDENT
+forEachBlock → "parallel"? "for" IDENTIFIER ( "," IDENTIFIER )? "in" collection ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement* DEDENT
+loopBlock   → "loop" ( ( "until" | "while" ) discretion )? loopMods? ( "as" IDENTIFIER )? ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement* DEDENT
+loopMods    → "(" "max" ":" NUMBER ")"
+
+# Error Handling
+tryBlock    → "try" ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT catchBlock? finallyBlock?
+catchBlock  → "catch" ( "as" IDENTIFIER )? ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+finallyBlock → "finally" ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+throwStatement → "throw" string?
+
+# Conditionals
+choiceBlock → "choice" discretion ":" NEWLINE INDENT choiceOption+ DEDENT
+choiceOption → "option" string ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+ifStatement → "if" discretion ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT elifClause* elseClause?
+elifClause  → "elif" discretion ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+elseClause  → "else" ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement+ DEDENT
+
+# Composition
+doBlock     → "do" ( ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement* DEDENT | IDENTIFIER args? )
+args        → "(" expression ( "," expression )* ")"
+arrowExpr   → session ( "->" session )+
+
+# Sessions
+session     → "session" ( string | ":" IDENTIFIER | IDENTIFIER ":" IDENTIFIER )
+              ( NEWLINE INDENT sessionProperty* DEDENT )?
+resumeStmt  → "resume" ":" IDENTIFIER ( NEWLINE INDENT sessionProperty* DEDENT )?
+sessionProperty → "model:" ( "sonnet" | "opus" | "haiku" )
+                | "prompt:" string
+                | "context:" ( IDENTIFIER | array | objectContext )
+                | "retry:" NUMBER
+                | "backoff:" ( "none" | "linear" | "exponential" )
+
+# Bindings
+letBinding  → "let" IDENTIFIER "=" expression
+constBinding → "const" IDENTIFIER "=" expression
+assignment  → IDENTIFIER "=" expression
+
+# Expressions
+expression  → session | doBlock | parallelBlock | repeatBlock | forEachBlock
+            | loopBlock | arrowExpr | pipeExpr | programCall | string | IDENTIFIER | array | objectContext
+
+# Pipelines
+pipeExpr    → ( IDENTIFIER | array ) ( "|" pipeOp )+
+pipeOp      → ( "map" | "filter" | "pmap" ) ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement* DEDENT
+            | "reduce" "(" IDENTIFIER "," IDENTIFIER ")" ":" NEWLINE INDENT statement* DEDENT
+
+# Properties
+property    → ( "model" | "prompt" | "context" | "retry" | "backoff" | IDENTIFIER )
+            ":" ( IDENTIFIER | string | array | objectContext | NUMBER )
+
+# Primitives
+discretion  → "**" text "**" | "***" text "***"
+collection  → IDENTIFIER | array
+array       → "[" ( expression ( "," expression )* )? "]"
+objectContext → "{" ( IDENTIFIER ( "," IDENTIFIER )* )? "}"
+comment     → "#" text NEWLINE
+
+# Strings
+string      → singleString | tripleString | interpolatedString
+singleString → '"' character* '"'
+tripleString → '"""' ( character | NEWLINE )* '"""'
+interpolatedString → string containing "{" IDENTIFIER "}"
+character   → escape | non-quote
+escape      → "\\" | "\"" | "\n" | "\t"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Compiler API
+
+When a user invokes `/prose-compile` or asks you to compile a `.prose` file:
+
+1. **Read this document** (`compiler.md`) fully to understand all syntax and validation rules
+2. **Parse** the program according to the syntax grammar
+3. **Validate** syntax correctness, semantic validity, and self-evidence
+4. **Transform** to canonical form (expand syntax sugar, normalize structure)
+5. **Output** the compiled program or report errors/warnings with line numbers
+
+For direct interpretation without compilation, read `prose.md` and execute statements as described in the Session Statement section.