littlejsengine 1.22.0 → 1.23.1

package/plugins/render3dEditor.js

@@ -288,9 +288,11 @@ const editor3DSelection = new Set; // the ids of the selected objects
 // the type a click places
 /** @type {string|undefined} */
 let editor3DBrush;
-// the copied objects
+// the copied objects, and the size and box offset each had when it was copied
 /** @type {Array<Object>|undefined} */
 let editor3DClipboard;
+/** @type {Map<Object, {size: Vector3, offset: Vector3}>} */
+let editor3DClipboardBoxes = new Map;
 // the level's, each entry its object list and its parts, the scene and the blocks, before and after an edit
 let editor3DUndoList = [], editor3DRedoList = [];
 // the edit being made, a drag is one: the objects and the parts as they were before it, and painted when blocks
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ const editor3DSelected = ()=> editor3DObjects().filter((o)=> editor3DSelection.h
 
 // the parts of a level beside its objects that the editor edits: its scene block and its map of blocks; each is
 // undone, autosaved, reset and saved as the objects are
-const editor3DLevelPartNames = ['scene', 'voxels', 'terrain'];
+const editor3DLevelPartNames = ['scene', 'voxels', 'terrain', 'prefabs'];
 
 // the last copy made of each part, as its text and the copy: a part that has not changed since is not copied
 // again, so undo steps share one copy of a terrain until it is sculpted; a copy is never changed
@@ -413,12 +415,46 @@ const editor3DTurned = (object)=> editor3DRotation(object).lengthSquared() > 0;
 // the size of an object's box: what the game made for it says, a marker is 1 unit
 function editor3DSize(object)
 {
-    const made = editor3DInstances.get(object.id);
+    const made = editor3DInstances.get(object.id), box = editor3DPrefabBox(made);
+    if (box) return box.size;
     if (!(made instanceof EngineObject3D) || !(made.mesh || made.tileInfo)) return vec3(1);
     const s = made.size3D, k = made.scale3D;
     return vec3(s.x * abs(k.x), s.y * abs(k.y), s.z * abs(k.z));
 }
 
+// the box around a prefab's instance in the world, the boxes of its parts together, as its middle and its size;
+// undefined for anything else, or an instance with nothing to see
+function editor3DPrefabBox(made)
+{
+    if (!(made instanceof Prefab3D) || made.destroyed) return;
+    const low = vec3(Infinity), high = vec3(-Infinity);
+    for (const part of editor3DParts(made))
+    {
+        if (!(part instanceof EngineObject3D) || !(part.mesh || part.tileInfo)) continue;
+        const bounds = part.mesh && (part.mesh.bounds || part.mesh.getBounds());
+        const matrix = render3DObjectMatrix(part).copy().multiply(bounds ?
+            buildMatrix(bounds.min.add(bounds.max).scale(.5), undefined, bounds.max.subtract(bounds.min)) :
+            buildMatrix(vec3(), undefined, part.size3D));
+        for (let i = 8; i--;)
+        {
+            const p = matrix.transformPoint(vec3(i & 1 ? .5 : -.5, i & 2 ? .5 : -.5, i & 4 ? .5 : -.5));
+            for (const k of ['x', 'y', 'z'])
+                low[k] = min(low[k], p[k]), high[k] = max(high[k], p[k]);
+        }
+    }
+    // to the nearest part of the file's numbers, so a box worked out through a matrix reads as it was written
+    const tidy = (v)=> vec3(editor3DRound(v.x), editor3DRound(v.y), editor3DRound(v.z));
+    return low.x <= high.x ? {pos: tidy(low.add(high).scale(.5)), size: tidy(high.subtract(low))} : undefined;
+}
+
+// from an object's place to the middle of its box: nothing for a plain object, whose place is its middle, and for
+// a prefab's instance how far its origin is from the middle of its parts, as it is turned and sized now
+function editor3DBoxOffset(object)
+{
+    const box = editor3DPrefabBox(editor3DInstances.get(object.id));
+    return box ? box.pos.subtract(editor3DPos(object)) : vec3();
+}
+
 // every object gets an id of its own, a whole number: one without, or with one already used, gets a new one
 function editor3DFixIds(objects)
 {
@@ -454,6 +490,12 @@ function editor3DLevelLoaded(level)
         editor3DSelection.clear();
         editor3DStroke = undefined;
     }
+    if (!editor3DPrefabLevels.has(level) && editor3DPrefabStack.length)
+    {
+        // the game loaded a level while a prefab was open: what was open is gone with what it was opened from
+        editor3DPrefabStack.length = 0;
+        editor3DPrefabEdits = {};
+    }
     editor3DLevel = level;
     editor3DInstances.clear();
     if (isArray(level.objects))
@@ -486,14 +528,15 @@ function editor3DLevelLoaded(level)
     const original = editor3DCopy(editor3DObjects()), originalParts = editor3DLevelParts();
     const hash = editor3DContentHash(original, originalParts);
     // sceneBase is the scene the game set, taken before the level's own block is applied
-    const record = {fileName: url ? url.split('/').pop() : 'level3D.json', key: url ?? 'level #' + hash, original,
+    const record = {fileName: editorFileName(url, 'level3D.json'), key: url ?? 'level #' + hash, original,
         originalParts, sceneBase: render3D ? editor3DSceneState() : undefined, hash, pending: undefined,
         fileHandle: undefined, undo: [], redo: []};
     editor3DRecords.set(level, record);
     editor3DUndoList = record.undo;
     editor3DRedoList = record.redo;
     // an autosave the file already has, from a Save, goes; one of this file, or of the file a Save wrote, comes back
-    const saved = editor3DSaves()[record.key];
+    // a prefab being edited has no autosave, and one of a level with the same objects is not its
+    const saved = editor3DPrefabLevels.has(level) ? undefined : editor3DSaves()[record.key];
     if (saved && isArray(saved.objects) && editor3DSame(saved.objects, original) &&
         editor3DSame(editor3DLevelParts(saved), originalParts))
         editor3DAutosave(level);
@@ -523,6 +566,7 @@ function editor3DPlaceInstance(made, object)
     made.scale3D = (level3DBaseScale.get(made) ?? vec3(1)).multiply(editor3DScale(object));
     made.velocity3D = vec3();
     made.angleVelocity3D = vec3();
+    made instanceof Prefab3D && made.placeAt(editor3DPos(object)); // by its origin, and its parts go with it
 }
 
 // make an object's game object, again when it has one
@@ -557,6 +601,24 @@ function editor3DSetObjects(list)
             made instanceof EngineObject3D && !made.destroyed;
         onlyMoved ? editor3DPlaceInstance(made, object) : editor3DMakeInstance(object);
     }
+    editor3DShadowLight();
+}
+
+// the light that casts the shadows is the level's last Light that asks to, as it is after a load, whatever order
+// the edits made them in; a light of the game's own is left alone while no Light of the level asks
+function editor3DShadowLight()
+{
+    if (!render3D) return;
+    let light;
+    for (const object of editor3DObjects())
+    {
+        const made = editor3DInstances.get(object.id);
+        if (object.type === 'Light' && object.properties?.shadows === true && made instanceof Light3D && !made.destroyed)
+            light = made;
+    }
+    const now = render3D.shadowLight;
+    if (light || !now || now.destroyed || [...editor3DInstances.values()].some((made)=> made === now))
+        render3D.shadowLight = light;
 }
 
 // change the level's objects as part of the edit being made: change edits a copy of the list; the changes until
@@ -567,6 +629,7 @@ function editor3DChange(change)
     const before = editor3DCopy(editor3DObjects()), after = editor3DCopy(before);
     change(after);
     if (editor3DSame(before, after)) return false;
+    editor3DFixIds(after); // an object added with no id, or with one in use, gets one of its own
     editor3DSetObjects(after);
     editor3DStroke ||= {before, parts: editor3DLevelParts()};
     return true;
@@ -585,8 +648,30 @@ function editor3DSetPart(name, part)
     }
     else if (name === 'voxels')
         editor3DVoxelShow();
-    else
+    else if (name === 'terrain')
         editor3DTerrainShow();
+    else
+        editor3DPrefabsShow();
+}
+
+// bring the prefab types in line with the level's own prefabs, and make every instance again: a prefab the level
+// no longer has is no longer a type, one it has is added as level3DLoad adds it, and what a prefab makes is made
+// when its instance is, so each instance is made again
+function editor3DPrefabsShow()
+{
+    if (editor3DPrefabLevels.has(editor3DLevel)) return; // inside a prefab, the prefabs are the level's
+    const prefabs = editor3DLevelPart('prefabs') ?? {};
+    for (const [name, prefab] of level3DPrefabs)
+    {
+        if (!prefab.fromLevel || prefabs[name]) continue;
+        level3DPrefabs.delete(name);
+        level3DTypes.delete(name);
+    }
+    level3DPrefabsAdd(prefabs);
+    // every object of a prefab's type, one whose type was not there when the objects were set too
+    for (const object of editor3DObjects())
+        level3DPrefabs.has(object.type) && editor3DMakeInstance(object);
+    editor3DShadowLight();
 }
 
 // make the level's parts these, the ones that differ
@@ -596,6 +681,11 @@ function editor3DSetParts(parts)
         editor3DSame(parts[name], editor3DLevelPart(name)) || editor3DSetPart(name, parts[name]);
 }
 
+// the stroke being made, started here with the level as it is when there is none: called before the level changes
+/** @return {{before: Array<Object>, parts: Object, painted?: boolean, sculpted?: boolean}} */
+function editor3DStrokeBegin()
+{ return editor3DStroke ||= {before: editor3DCopy(editor3DObjects()), parts: editor3DLevelParts()}; }
+
 // change a part of the level as part of the edit being made, as editor3DChange does its objects: change is given
 // a copy of the part, undefined when the level has none, and returns the new one, or undefined for none; false
 // when nothing changed
@@ -604,7 +694,7 @@ function editor3DChangePart(name, change)
     if (!editor3DLevel || editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending) return false; // its autosave waits first
     const parts = editor3DLevelParts(), after = change(parts[name] && editor3DCopy(parts[name]));
     if (editor3DSame(parts[name], after)) return false;
-    editor3DStroke ||= {before: editor3DCopy(editor3DObjects()), parts};
+    editor3DStrokeBegin();
     editor3DSetPart(name, after);
     return true;
 }
@@ -681,8 +771,7 @@ function editor3DVoxelSet(cell, type)
     const map = editor3DVoxelMap();
     if (!map || editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending) return false; // its autosave waits first
     if (!editor3DVoxelInside(map, cell) || map.getVoxel(cell) === type) return false;
-    editor3DStroke ||= {before: editor3DCopy(editor3DObjects()), parts: editor3DLevelParts()};
-    editor3DStroke.painted = true;
+    editor3DStrokeBegin().painted = true;
     map.setVoxel(cell, type);
     return true;
 }
@@ -704,8 +793,85 @@ function editor3DVoxelDragCell(drag, ray)
 // the level's terrain: the level's terrain block is the source of truth, the game's HeightMap follows it;
 // sculpting changes the game's map as it goes, and the stroke's end writes its heights into the level
 
-// the brush: its size across in world units, and how strong it is, 0 to 1
-const editor3DTerrainBrush = {size: 8, strength: .5};
+// the brush: its size across in world units, how strong it is, 0 to 1, which brush it is, sculpt, flatten or
+// paint, and the color it paints
+const editor3DTerrainBrush = {size: 8, strength: .5, mode: 'sculpt', color: '#8a6a4a'};
+const editor3DTerrainBrushes = ['sculpt', 'flatten', 'paint'];
+
+// the paint of the game's terrain map as it is being edited, {colors, cells} as level3DTerrainPaint gives it:
+// from the level, and ahead of it while a stroke paints
+const editor3DTerrainPaints = new WeakMap;
+function editor3DTerrainPaint(map)
+{
+    let paint = editor3DTerrainPaints.get(map);
+    if (!paint)
+    {
+        const samples = map.rows * map.columns;
+        paint = level3DTerrainPaint(editor3DLevelPart('terrain'), samples) || {colors: [], cells: new Uint8Array(samples)};
+        editor3DTerrainPaints.set(map, paint);
+    }
+    return paint;
+}
+
+// the next brush of the Terrain tool
+function editor3DTerrainNextBrush()
+{
+    const brushes = editor3DTerrainBrushes;
+    editor3DTerrainBrush.mode = brushes[(brushes.indexOf(editor3DTerrainBrush.mode) + 1) % brushes.length];
+}
+
+// the drag a press on the ground starts, by the brush and the keys held: sculpt raises, Shift lowers; flatten
+// brings the ground to the height pressed; paint colors it, Shift takes the paint off; Ctrl smooths with the two
+// that shape the ground
+function editor3DTerrainPress(point, shift, ctrl)
+{
+    const map = editor3DTerrainMap(), brush = editor3DTerrainBrush.mode;
+    if (!map) return;
+    if (brush === 'paint')
+        return {kind: 'terrain', mode: shift ? 'erase' : 'paint'};
+    if (ctrl)
+        return {kind: 'terrain', mode: 'smooth'};
+    if (brush === 'flatten')
+        return {kind: 'terrain', mode: 'flatten', level: clamp((point.y - map.pos3D.y) / map.height)};
+    return {kind: 'terrain', mode: shift ? 'lower' : 'raise'};
+}
+
+// the mouse held on the ground with a terrain drag
+function editor3DTerrainDragTo(drag, point)
+{
+    return drag.mode === 'paint' || drag.mode === 'erase' ? editor3DTerrainPaintAt(point, drag.mode === 'erase') :
+        editor3DTerrainSculpt(point, drag.mode, editor3DSeconds, drag.level);
+}
+
+// paint the ground around a point with the brush's color, or take its paint off, as part of the edit being made:
+// every sample under the brush, in the game's map now and in the level when the stroke ends; false when nothing
+// changed, or when the terrain has all the colors it can keep, 255
+function editor3DTerrainPaintAt(point, erase=false)
+{
+    const map = editor3DTerrainMap();
+    if (!map || editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending) return false; // its autosave waits first
+    const paint = editor3DTerrainPaint(map), hex = editor3DInputColor(editor3DTerrainBrush.color);
+    let color = erase ? 0 : paint.colors.indexOf(hex) + 1;
+    if (!erase && !color && paint.colors.length >= 255) return false;
+    const radius = editor3DTerrainBrush.size / 2, rows = map.rows, columns = map.columns;
+    const stepX = map.mapSize.x / (columns - 1), stepZ = map.mapSize.y / (rows - 1);
+    const x0 = map.pos3D.x - map.mapSize.x / 2, z0 = map.pos3D.z - map.mapSize.y / 2;
+    let changed = false;
+    for (let r = 0; r < rows; ++r)
+    for (let c = 0; c < columns; ++c)
+    {
+        if (hypot(x0 + c * stepX - point.x, z0 + r * stepZ - point.z) >= radius) continue;
+        color ||= erase ? 0 : paint.colors.push(hex); // a new color joins the list with the first sample it paints
+        if (paint.cells[r * columns + c] === color) continue;
+        paint.cells[r * columns + c] = color;
+        changed = true;
+    }
+    if (!changed) return false;
+    editor3DStrokeBegin().sculpted = true;
+    level3DTerrainSetColors(map, editor3DLevelPart('terrain'), paint);
+    map.rebuild();
+    return true;
+}
 
 // the game's map of the level's terrain, undefined when the level has none
 function editor3DTerrainMap()
@@ -734,15 +900,30 @@ function editor3DTerrainShow()
         return;
     }
     map.heights = shape.heights;
-    map.color = /^#([0-9a-f]{6}|[0-9a-f]{8})$/i.test(terrain.color) ? new Color().setHex(terrain.color) : WHITE;
+    editor3DTerrainPaints.delete(map); // as the level has it
+    level3DTerrainSetColors(map, terrain);
     map.rebuild();
 }
 
-// write the game's map into the level, as a stroke of sculpting ends, its heights to a thousandth
+// write the game's map into the level, as a stroke of sculpting ends, its heights to a thousandth, and its paint:
+// the colors still in use and runs of a count and a color along the rows, or no paint when none is left
 function editor3DTerrainStore()
 {
     const map = editor3DTerrainMap(), terrain = editor3DLevelPart('terrain');
-    map && terrain && (terrain.heights = map.heights.map((row)=> row.map((v)=> round(v * 1e3) / 1e3)));
+    if (!map || !terrain) return;
+    terrain.heights = map.heights.map((row)=> row.map((v)=> round(v * 1e3) / 1e3));
+    const paint = editor3DTerrainPaints.get(map);
+    if (!paint) return; // nothing painted since the level's was read
+    const used = paint.colors.map((hex, i)=> paint.cells.includes(i + 1));
+    const colors = paint.colors.filter((hex, i)=> used[i]), cells = [];
+    const index = paint.colors.map((hex, i)=> used[i] ? colors.indexOf(hex) + 1 : 0);
+    for (const v of paint.cells)
+    {
+        const color = v && index[v - 1];
+        cells[cells.length - 1] === color ? ++cells[cells.length - 2] : cells.push(1, color);
+    }
+    colors.length ? terrain.paint = {colors, cells} : delete terrain.paint;
+    editor3DTerrainPaints.delete(map); // read from the level again, with its colors as they are numbered now
 }
 
 // give the level a flat terrain, as one undo: its size in the world, how many cells a side, and how tall a full
@@ -766,9 +947,9 @@ function editor3DTerrainRemove()
 }
 
 // sculpt the ground around a point for some seconds, as part of the edit being made: raise, lower or smooth it
-// under the brush, a soft circle, most in its middle and nothing at its edge; in the game's map now, in the level
-// when the stroke ends; false when nothing changed
-function editor3DTerrainSculpt(point, mode, seconds)
+// under the brush, a soft circle, most in its middle and nothing at its edge, or flatten it toward a height, level,
+// 0 to 1; in the game's map now, in the level when the stroke ends; false when nothing changed
+function editor3DTerrainSculpt(point, mode, seconds, level=0)
 {
     const map = editor3DTerrainMap();
     if (!map || editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending) return false; // its autosave waits first
@@ -779,7 +960,7 @@ function editor3DTerrainSculpt(point, mode, seconds)
     const c0 = max(0, ceil((point.x - radius - x0) / stepX)), c1 = min(columns - 1, floor((point.x + radius - x0) / stepX));
     const r0 = max(0, ceil((point.z - radius - z0) / stepZ)), r1 = min(rows - 1, floor((point.z + radius - z0) / stepZ));
     // smoothing reads the ground as it was, so the order the samples are done in does not show
-    const old = mode === 'smooth' ? heights.map((row)=> row.slice()) : heights;
+    const old = mode === 'smooth' ? heights.map((row, r)=> r >= r0 - 1 && r <= r1 + 1 ? row.slice() : row) : heights;
     const rate = strength * 10 * seconds; // world units of height at full strength, 10 a second
     let changed = false;
     for (let r = r0; r <= r1; ++r)
@@ -797,6 +978,8 @@ function editor3DTerrainSculpt(point, mode, seconds)
                 old[r + dr]?.[c + dc] !== undefined && (sum += old[r + dr][c + dc], ++count);
             v = h + (sum / count - h) * min(1, rate * falloff);
         }
+        else if (mode === 'flatten')
+            v = h + (level - h) * min(1, rate * falloff);
         else
             v = clamp(h + (mode === 'lower' ? -1 : 1) * rate * falloff / map.height);
         if (v === h) continue;
@@ -804,8 +987,7 @@ function editor3DTerrainSculpt(point, mode, seconds)
         changed = true;
     }
     if (!changed) return false;
-    editor3DStroke ||= {before: editor3DCopy(editor3DObjects()), parts: editor3DLevelParts()};
-    editor3DStroke.sculpted = true;
+    editor3DStrokeBegin().sculpted = true;
     map.rebuild();
     return true;
 }
@@ -826,16 +1008,81 @@ function editor3DVoxelPress(ray, mode)
 {
     const target = editor3DVoxelTarget(ray, mode);
     if (!target) return;
-    const {cell, axis, plane} = target;
+    const {cell, axis, plane, side} = target;
+    if (editor3DBlockBox)
+    {
+        // a box grows out from the face when placing, and into the blocks when removing or repainting
+        const drag = {kind: 'blocks', mode, axis, plane, layer: cell[axis], last: cell, start: cell,
+            grow: mode === 'place' ? side : -side, height: max(1, floor(editor3DBlockBoxHeight)),
+            changed: new Map, region: undefined};
+        editor3DVoxelBoxTo(drag, cell);
+        return drag;
+    }
     editor3DVoxelApply(cell, mode);
     return {kind: 'blocks', mode, axis, plane, layer: cell[axis], last: cell};
 }
 
+// a box drag goes on: what it changed so far is put back, then every cell of the box from where it started to a
+// cell of the same layer is changed, as many layers as its height, the part of it inside the map
+function editor3DVoxelBoxTo(drag, cell)
+{
+    const map = editor3DVoxelMap();
+    if (!map) return;
+    for (const [at, type] of drag.changed.values())
+        map.setVoxel(at, type);
+    drag.changed.clear();
+    const lo = vec3(min(drag.start.x, cell.x), min(drag.start.y, cell.y), min(drag.start.z, cell.z));
+    const hi = vec3(max(drag.start.x, cell.x), max(drag.start.y, cell.y), max(drag.start.z, cell.z));
+    const far = drag.layer + drag.grow * (drag.height - 1), axis = drag.axis, s = map.mapSize;
+    lo[axis] = clamp(min(drag.layer, far), 0, s[axis] - 1);
+    hi[axis] = clamp(max(drag.layer, far), 0, s[axis] - 1);
+    for (let z = lo.z; z <= hi.z; ++z)
+    for (let y = lo.y; y <= hi.y; ++y)
+    for (let x = lo.x; x <= hi.x; ++x)
+    {
+        const at = vec3(x, y, z), type = map.getVoxel(at);
+        editor3DVoxelApply(at, drag.mode) && drag.changed.set(x + s.x * (y + s.y * z), [at, type]);
+    }
+    drag.region = {lo, hi};
+    drag.last = cell;
+}
+
+// change the size of the level's map in cells, as one undo: it grows and shrinks about its middle across, and at
+// its top, and its blocks stay where they are in the world, the ones outside the new size gone
+function editor3DVoxelResize(size)
+{
+    const changed = editor3DChangePart('voxels', (voxels)=>
+    {
+        const shape = level3DVoxelsShape(voxels);
+        const to = vec3(floor(size.x), floor(size.y), floor(size.z));
+        if (!shape || to.x < 1 || to.y < 1 || to.z < 1 || to.x * to.y * to.z > LEVEL3D_VOXEL_CELLS) return voxels;
+        const from = shape.size, old = new Uint8Array(from.x * from.y * from.z);
+        level3DVoxelsDecode(voxels.blocks, old);
+        // how far each block moves in cells, so the corner moves the other way and the blocks stay put
+        const dx = floor((to.x - from.x) / 2), dz = floor((to.z - from.z) / 2);
+        const data = new Uint8Array(to.x * to.y * to.z);
+        for (let z = 0; z < from.z; ++z)
+        for (let y = 0; y < min(from.y, to.y); ++y)
+        for (let x = 0; x < from.x; ++x)
+        {
+            const nx = x + dx, nz = z + dz;
+            if (nx >= 0 && nz >= 0 && nx < to.x && nz < to.z)
+                data[nx + to.x * (y + to.y * nz)] = old[x + from.x * (y + from.y * z)];
+        }
+        return {...voxels, pos: [shape.pos.x - dx, shape.pos.y, shape.pos.z - dz], size: [to.x, to.y, to.z],
+            blocks: level3DVoxelsEncode(data)};
+    });
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    return changed;
+}
+
 // a drag of the Blocks tool goes on: every cell of the layer from the last one to the one under the ray
 function editor3DVoxelDragTo(drag, ray)
 {
     const cell = editor3DVoxelDragCell(drag, ray), last = drag.last;
     if (!cell) return;
+    if (drag.changed)
+        return editor3DVoxelBoxTo(drag, cell);
     const d = cell.subtract(last), steps = max(abs(d.x), abs(d.y), abs(d.z));
     for (let i = 1; i <= steps; ++i)
         editor3DVoxelApply(vec3(round(last.x + d.x * i / steps), round(last.y + d.y * i / steps),
@@ -862,12 +1109,12 @@ function editor3DVoxelTarget(ray, mode)
     if (!hit)
     {
         const cell = place ? editor3DVoxelDragCell({axis: 'y', plane: 0, layer: 0}, ray) : undefined;
-        return cell && {cell, axis: 'y', plane: 0};
+        return cell && {cell, axis: 'y', plane: 0, side: 1};
     }
     const n = hit.normal, axis = n.x ? 'x' : n.y ? 'y' : 'z', cell = place ? hit.cell.add(n) : hit.cell;
     if (!editor3DVoxelInside(map, cell)) return;
-    // the face between the block hit and the cell in front of it
-    return {cell, axis, plane: cell[axis] + ((n[axis] > 0) === place ? 0 : 1)};
+    // the face between the block hit and the cell in front of it, and side, the way that face looks along the axis
+    return {cell, axis, plane: cell[axis] + ((n[axis] > 0) === place ? 0 : 1), side: n[axis]};
 }
 
 // end the edit being made: one undo, and the autosave
@@ -941,6 +1188,7 @@ function editor3DSetProperty(object, name, value, defaultValue)
 // add an object of a type at a position, selected; its id, or undefined when the level can not be edited
 function editor3DPlace(type, pos)
 {
+    if (editor3DPrefabSelf(type)) return; // it would hold itself
     let id;
     const placed = editor3DChange((list)=>
     {
@@ -954,6 +1202,325 @@ function editor3DPlace(type, pos)
     return id;
 }
 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// prefabs: a selection made one, an instance made objects again, and a prefab's own settings
+
+// what the panel says about the last prefab action that was refused
+let editor3DPrefabMessage = '';
+
+// the box around an object in the world, turned and sized as it is, as its low and high corners
+function editor3DWorldBox(object, low=vec3(Infinity), high=vec3(-Infinity))
+{
+    const matrix = editor3DBoxMatrix(object);
+    for (let i = 8; i--;)
+    {
+        const p = matrix.transformPoint(vec3(i & 1 ? .5 : -.5, i & 2 ? .5 : -.5, i & 4 ? .5 : -.5));
+        for (const k of ['x', 'y', 'z'])
+            low[k] = min(low[k], p[k]), high[k] = max(high[k], p[k]);
+    }
+    return {low, high};
+}
+
+// is a type the prefab being edited, or one that holds it: a prefab that is open, or one the game made of the
+// level being edited itself, as a prefab maker does; placed there it would hold itself
+function editor3DPrefabSelf(type)
+{
+    const names = editor3DPrefabStack.map((frame)=> frame.name);
+    for (const [name, prefab] of level3DPrefabs)
+        prefab.source === editor3DLevel && names.push(name);
+    return names.some((name)=> editor3DPrefabHolds(type, name));
+}
+
+// the types the Place list has, the plain ones and then the prefabs
+function editor3DPlaceNames()
+{
+    const all = [...level3DTypes.keys()].filter((name)=> !editor3DPrefabSelf(name));
+    return [...all.filter((name)=> !level3DPrefabs.has(name)), ...all.filter((name)=> level3DPrefabs.has(name))];
+}
+
+// does a type hold a prefab, itself or through the prefabs it holds
+function editor3DPrefabHolds(type, name, depth=0)
+{
+    return type === name || depth < 8 &&
+        !!level3DPrefabs.get(type)?.objects.some((o)=> editor3DPrefabHolds(o.type, name, depth + 1));
+}
+
+// make the selected objects a prefab of the level's own, about the bottom centre of their box, and put one
+// instance of it where they were, as one undo; a name the level's prefabs have replaces that prefab, and every
+// instance of it changes; true, or why not, which the panel shows
+function editor3DMakePrefab(name='')
+{
+    const refuse = (why)=> editor3DPrefabMessage = why;
+    const selected = editor3DSelected();
+    if (editor3DPrefabStack.length) return refuse('Go back to the level to make a prefab');
+    if (!selected.length) return refuse('Select the objects to make a prefab of');
+    if (!editor3DLevel || editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending) return refuse('The level can not be edited now');
+    name = String(name).trim();
+    for (let i = 1; !name; ++i)
+        level3DTypes.has('Prefab ' + i) || (name = 'Prefab ' + i);
+    const known = level3DPrefabs.get(name);
+    if (known ? !known.fromLevel : level3DTypes.has(name))
+        return refuse(name + ' is a type the game added, pick another name');
+    if (selected.some((o)=> editor3DPrefabHolds(o.type, name)))
+        return refuse(name + ' can not hold itself');
+
+    // its origin is the bottom centre of the selection, so an instance stands on the ground
+    const low = vec3(Infinity), high = vec3(-Infinity);
+    for (const object of selected)
+        editor3DWorldBox(object, low, high);
+    const origin = vec3(editor3DRound((low.x + high.x) / 2), editor3DRound(low.y), editor3DRound((low.z + high.z) / 2));
+    const objects = selected.map((object, i)=>
+    {
+        const part = {...editor3DCopy(object), id: i + 1};
+        editor3DSetTransform(part, editor3DPos(object).subtract(origin));
+        return part;
+    });
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    const id = editor3DObjects().reduce((next, o)=> max(next, o.id + 1), 1);
+    const ids = new Set(selected.map((o)=> o.id));
+    // the prefab first, so its type is there when the instance is made
+    editor3DChangePart('prefabs', (prefabs={})=>
+        ({...prefabs, [name]: prefabs[name]?.attached ? {attached: true, objects} : {objects}}));
+    editor3DChange((list)=>
+    {
+        for (let i = list.length; i--;)
+            ids.has(list[i].id) && list.splice(i, 1);
+        const instance = {id, type: name};
+        editor3DSetTransform(instance, origin);
+        list.push(instance);
+    });
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    editor3DSelection.clear();
+    editor3DSelection.add(id);
+    editor3DPrefabMessage = '';
+    return true;
+}
+
+// add a prefab from the text of a file the editor saved, a level file, to the level's own prefabs under a name,
+// as one undo, and pick it to place; a name the level's prefabs have is replaced, as Make prefab does; true, or
+// why not, which the panel shows
+function editor3DPrefabLoad(name, text)
+{
+    const refuse = (why)=> editor3DPrefabMessage = why;
+    if (editor3DPrefabStack.length) return refuse('Go back to the level to load a prefab');
+    if (!editor3DLevel || editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending) return refuse('The level can not be edited now');
+    name = String(name).trim();
+    if (!name) return refuse('The prefab needs a name');
+    let file;
+    try { file = JSON.parse(text); }
+    catch { return refuse(name + ' is not a JSON file'); }
+    if (!file || typeof file !== 'object' || !isArray(file.objects))
+        return refuse(name + ' is not a prefab, it has no objects');
+    const known = level3DPrefabs.get(name);
+    if (known ? !known.fromLevel : level3DTypes.has(name))
+        return refuse(name + ' is a type the game added, rename the file');
+    const objects = file.objects.filter((o)=> o && typeof o === 'object');
+    if (objects.some((o)=> editor3DPrefabHolds(o.type, name)))
+        return refuse(name + ' can not hold itself');
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    editor3DChangePart('prefabs', (prefabs={})=> ({...prefabs, [name]: file.attached ? {attached: true, objects} : {objects}}));
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    editor3DPickTool(editor3DTool); // a tool of the game's own is put down
+    editor3DBrush = name;
+    editor3DPrefabMessage = '';
+    return true;
+}
+
+// pick a prefab's file and load it, by its file name
+function editor3DPrefabPickFile()
+{
+    const input = document.createElement('input');
+    input.type = 'file';
+    input.accept = '.json,application/json';
+    input.onchange = async ()=>
+    {
+        const file = input.files?.[0];
+        file && editor3DPrefabLoad(file.name.replace(/\.json$/i, ''), await file.text());
+    };
+    input.click();
+}
+
+// turn the selected instances of prefabs into the objects they are made of, where they are, as one undo; false
+// with none selected
+function editor3DUnpack()
+{
+    const instances = editor3DSelected().filter((o)=> editor3DInstances.get(o.id) instanceof Prefab3D);
+    if (!instances.length) return false;
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    const added = [];
+    const changed = editor3DChange((list)=>
+    {
+        let id = list.reduce((next, o)=> max(next, o.id + 1), 1);
+        for (const instance of instances)
+        {
+            const made = editor3DInstances.get(instance.id);
+            // by the level's own place of it, its origin, which is not where an attached one's handle is
+            const origin = {pos3D: editor3DPos(instance), rotation3D: editor3DRotation(instance).scale(PI / 180),
+                scale3D: editor3DScale(instance)};
+            for (const part of level3DPrefabs.get(made.prefabName)?.objects ?? [])
+            {
+                const at = level3DPrefabPartTransform(origin, part), object = {...editor3DCopy(part), id: id++};
+                editor3DSetTransform(object, at.pos, at.rotation.scale(180 / PI), at.scale);
+                list.push(object);
+                added.push(object.id);
+            }
+            list.splice(list.findIndex((o)=> o.id === instance.id), 1);
+        }
+    });
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    if (!changed) return false;
+    editor3DSelection.clear();
+    for (const id of added)
+        editor3DSelection.add(id);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// make a prefab of the level's own attached, its parts the children of each instance, or not, as one undo
+function editor3DPrefabSetAttached(name, attached)
+{
+    if (editor3DPrefabStack.length) return false; // a prefab is the level's, set from the level
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    const changed = editor3DChangePart('prefabs', (prefabs)=>
+    {
+        if (!prefabs?.[name]) return prefabs;
+        const {attached: was, ...rest} = prefabs[name];
+        return {...prefabs, [name]: attached ? {attached: true, ...rest} : rest};
+    });
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    return changed;
+}
+
+// a prefab as its own file has it, a level file of its objects, to load with level3DLoadPrefab
+function editor3DPrefabJSON(name)
+{
+    const prefab = level3DPrefabs.get(name);
+    if (!prefab) return '';
+    return editor3DLevelJSON({...(prefab.attached ? {attached: true} : {}), objects: prefab.objects});
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Edit prefab: the editor on a prefab alone, the level it came from put away until Back
+
+// the prefabs opened one inside the other, each with the level it was opened from, its name, the selection there
+// and the ids of that level's objects that had something made for them
+/** @type {Array<{level: Object, name: string, selection: Array<number>, made: Set<number>, entered?: string}>} */
+const editor3DPrefabStack = [];
+// the levels that are a prefab being edited, they have no autosave of their own
+const editor3DPrefabLevels = new WeakSet;
+// what was edited in prefabs of the level's own since the level was left, written into it on the way back
+/** @type {Object<string, Object>} */
+let editor3DPrefabEdits = {};
+// the prefabs of the game's own that were edited and are not in a file yet
+const editor3DPrefabDirty = new Set;
+// what is known of each prefab's file, by its name, so it outlasts the prefab being closed and opened again: the
+// save being written, for the next to wait on, what the file has since a Save, and what the prefab holds now
+/** @type {Map<string, {saving?: Promise<any>, saved?: string, content?: string}>} */
+const editor3DPrefabFiles = new Map;
+function editor3DPrefabFile(name)
+{
+    editor3DPrefabFiles.has(name) || editor3DPrefabFiles.set(name, {});
+    return editor3DPrefabFiles.get(name);
+}
+
+// say if a prefab of the game's own is in its file, now that it holds this: once a Save has written it, it is
+// when what it holds is what was written; before any Save it is not once it was edited
+function editor3DPrefabFileCheck(name, content, edited=false)
+{
+    const file = editor3DPrefabFile(name);
+    file.content = content;
+    if (level3DPrefabs.get(name)?.fromLevel) return; // one of the level's own is saved with the level
+    if (file.saved !== undefined)
+        content === file.saved ? editor3DPrefabDirty.delete(name) : editor3DPrefabDirty.add(name);
+    else if (edited)
+        editor3DPrefabDirty.add(name);
+}
+
+// destroy what the level being edited has in the world, its objects' and its maps'
+function editor3DPrefabClear()
+{
+    for (const made of editor3DInstances.values())
+        made?.destroy?.();
+    editor3DInstances.clear();
+    for (const map of [level3DVoxelMap, level3DTerrainMap])
+        map && !map.destroyed && map.destroy();
+}
+
+// open the prefab of an instance, the selected one when none is given, to edit alone: its objects about its own
+// origin, with an undo of its own, and the level it is in put away; false when it is not a prefab's instance
+function editor3DPrefabEnter(id)
+{
+    const selected = editor3DSelected();
+    id ??= selected.length === 1 ? selected[0].id : undefined;
+    const made = editor3DInstances.get(id), from = editor3DLevel;
+    const prefab = made instanceof Prefab3D && level3DPrefabs.get(made.prefabName);
+    if (!prefab || editor3DRecords.get(from)?.pending) return false;
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    editor3DDrag = editor3DHover = undefined;
+    const frame = {level: from, name: made.prefabName, selection: [...editor3DSelection],
+        made: new Set(editor3DInstances.keys()), entered: undefined};
+    editor3DPrefabStack.push(frame);
+    editor3DPrefabClear();
+    const level = {littlejs3D: LEVEL3D_VERSION, ...(prefab.attached ? {attached: true} : {}),
+        objects: editor3DCopy(prefab.objects)};
+    editor3DPrefabLevels.add(level);
+    level3DLoad(level); // the editor takes it as it does any level
+    frame.entered = JSON.stringify(editor3DObjects()); // as the editor has it, an edit is what differs from this
+    return true;
+}
+
+// leave the prefab being edited for the level it was opened from: the prefab is what was edited, every instance
+// of it is made again, and back in the level itself what was edited in its own prefabs is one undo; false when
+// no prefab is open
+function editor3DPrefabBack()
+{
+    const frame = editor3DPrefabStack.pop(), edited = editor3DLevel;
+    if (!frame) return false;
+    editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    editor3DDrag = editor3DHover = undefined;
+    const known = level3DPrefabs.get(frame.name);
+    const objects = editor3DCopy(editor3DObjects()), changed = JSON.stringify(objects) !== frame.entered;
+    editor3DPrefabClear();
+    if (changed)
+    {
+        // the prefab as it is now, for whatever is made next; one of the game's own waits to be saved to its file
+        const prefab = known?.attached ? {attached: true, objects} : {objects}, fromLevel = !!known?.fromLevel;
+        level3DPrefabSet(frame.name, prefab, fromLevel);
+        if (fromLevel)
+            editor3DPrefabEdits[frame.name] = prefab;
+    }
+    // one of the game's own is in its file or not by what it holds now, edited here or not: undone back to how it
+    // was opened after a Save, it is not what the file has
+    editor3DPrefabFileCheck(frame.name, JSON.stringify(objects), changed);
+
+    // the level it was opened from is the editor's again, with its own undo
+    const level = editor3DLevel = frame.level, record = editor3DRecords.get(level);
+    editor3DUndoList = record.undo, editor3DRedoList = record.redo;
+    editor3DStroke = undefined;
+    if (!editor3DPrefabStack.length)
+    {
+        // back in the level: its own prefabs that were edited go into it, as one undo
+        const edits = editor3DPrefabEdits;
+        editor3DPrefabEdits = {};
+        Object.keys(edits).length && editor3DChangePart('prefabs', (prefabs={})=> ({...prefabs, ...edits}));
+        editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    }
+    // what the level had in the world is made again: what a class makes, and what else had something made
+    for (const object of editor3DObjects())
+    {
+        const type = level3DTypes.get(object.type);
+        type && (type.make.prototype || frame.made.has(object.id)) && editor3DMakeInstance(object);
+    }
+    editor3DSceneRestore(record.sceneBase);
+    level3DSceneApply(level.scene);
+    editor3DVoxelShow();
+    editor3DTerrainShow();
+    editor3DShadowLight();
+    editor3DSelection.clear();
+    for (const id of frame.selection)
+        editor3DObject(id) && editor3DSelection.add(id);
+    return true;
+}
+
 // remove the selected objects, as one undo
 function editor3DDelete()
 {
@@ -973,6 +1540,9 @@ function editor3DCopySelection()
     const selected = editor3DSelected();
     if (!selected.length) return false;
     editor3DClipboard = editor3DCopy(selected);
+    // how big each was and where its box was about its place: what is cut has nothing left to measure
+    editor3DClipboardBoxes = new Map(editor3DClipboard.map((copy, i)=>
+        [copy, {size: editor3DSize(selected[i]), offset: editor3DBoxOffset(selected[i])}]));
 }
 
 // copy the selected objects and remove them
@@ -1024,11 +1594,17 @@ function editor3DRestore()
     {
         const type = level3DTypes.get(object.type), made = editor3DInstances.get(object.id);
         if (!type) continue;
-        if (made instanceof EngineObject3D && !made.destroyed)
+        // a prefab's instance that play took a part of is made again, whole
+        const broken = (p)=> p instanceof Prefab3D && p.parts.some((part)=> part?.destroyed || broken(part));
+        if (made instanceof EngineObject3D && !made.destroyed && !broken(made))
             editor3DPlaceInstance(made, object);
-        else if (type.make.prototype && (!made || made.destroyed))
+        else if (type.make.prototype && (!made || made.destroyed || broken(made)))
             editor3DMakeInstance(object);
     }
+    // the blocks and the terrain as the level has them: what play dug, raised or destroyed is not the level's,
+    // and must not be written into it by the next stroke
+    editor3DVoxelShow();
+    editor3DTerrainShow();
 }
 
 // open or close the editor, the session goes on: the game is paused under it and reads no input
@@ -1046,14 +1622,19 @@ function editor3DSetOpen(open)
         setDebugOverlay(false); // out of the way of the level
         editor3DIsOpen = true;
         editor3DRestore();
+        editorCall('onOpen');
+        editorKeyClashes();
     }
     else
     {
         editor3DDrag = editor3DHover = undefined;
         editor3DMouseOnPanel = false; // the panel hides, with no mouseleave
         editor3DStrokeEnd();
+        while (editor3DPrefabBack()); // the game plays the level, not a prefab that was open
+        editor3DToolHeld = false;
         editor3DIsOpen = false;
         setPaused(editor3DGamePaused);
+        editorCall('onClose');
     }
     inputCapture(editor3DViewOn());
 }
@@ -1077,24 +1658,116 @@ function editor3DClose()
 function editor3DPlay(pos)
 {
     editor3DSetOpen(false);
-    editor3DPlayFromMouse && pos && levelEditor.onPlayFrom?.(pos.copy());
+    editor3DPlayFromMouse && pos && editorHas('onPlayFrom') && levelEditor.onPlayFrom(pos.copy());
 }
 
 // rebuild the level through the game's hook and play it
 function editor3DRestart()
 {
-    if (!levelEditor.onRestart) return;
+    if (!editorHas('onRestart')) return;
     editor3DSetOpen(false);
     levelEditor.onRestart();
 }
 
-// the level editor's open, close and isOpen go to the 3D editor when the game has a 3D level
+// a key as addKey spells it, as the 3D editor's tables have it, by its position: a letter, a digit, a mark by the
+// key it is on, or its name
+const editor3DKeyMarks = {'?': 'Slash', '/': 'Slash', ',': 'Comma', '.': 'Period', ';': 'Semicolon', "'": 'Quote',
+    '[': 'BracketLeft', ']': 'BracketRight', '-': 'Minus', '=': 'Equal', '\\': 'Backslash', '`': 'Backquote'};
+function editor3DKeyCode(name)
+{
+    return name.length !== 1 ? name : editor3DKeyMarks[name] ??
+        (name >= '0' && name <= '9' ? 'Digit' + name : 'Key' + name.toUpperCase());
+}
+
+// the 3D editor's edit functions, what levelEditor.edit3D gives a game's own keys, buttons and tools
+const editor3DEdit =
+{
+    get level() { return editor3DLevel; },
+    get objects() { return editor3DObjects(); },
+    get selection() { return editor3DSelection; },
+    selected() { return editor3DSelected(); },
+    made(id) { return editor3DInstances.get(id); },
+    change(change) { return editor3DChange(change); },
+    changePart(name, change) { return editor3DLevelPartNames.includes(name) && editor3DChangePart(name, change); },
+    strokeEnd() { editor3DStrokeEnd(); },
+    strokeCancel() { editor3DStrokeCancel(); },
+    place(type, pos3D) { return level3DTypes.has(type) ? editor3DPlace(type, pos3D) : undefined; },
+    setTransform(object, pos3D, rotation, scale3D) { editor3DSetTransform(object, pos3D, rotation, scale3D); },
+    setProperty(object, name, value)
+    { editor3DSetProperty(object, name, value, level3DTypes.get(object.type)?.defaults[name]); },
+    pos(object) { return editor3DPos(object); },
+    rotation(object) { return editor3DRotation(object); },
+    scale(object) { return editor3DScale(object); },
+    mousePoint() { return editor3DIsOpen && !editor3DMouseOnPanel ? editor3DWithView(editor3DMousePoint) : undefined; },
+    undo(redo=false) { return editor3DUndo(redo); },
+    toJSON() { return editor3DLevel ? editor3DLevelJSON() : ''; },
+};
+
+// the level editor's open, close and isOpen go to the 3D editor when the game has a 3D level, and it has the 3D
+// editor's keys and edit functions through this
 if (debug)
+    editorOther = {wanted: editor3DWanted, isOpen: ()=> editor3DIsOpen, active: ()=> editor3DIsOpen || editor3DSession,
+        open: editor3DOpen, close: editor3DClose, edit: editor3DEdit,
+        hasKey: (name, ctrl)=> !!(ctrl ? editor3DCtrlKeys : editor3DKeys)[editor3DKeyCode(name)]};
+
+// pick a tool of the editor's own, which puts a tool of the game's down
+function editor3DPickTool(tool)
+{
+    editor3DTool = tool;
+    levelEditor.tool = undefined;
+}
+
+// a tool of the game's own: if its press is held, and the editor's tool and type to place when it was turned on,
+// since picking one of those puts the game's tool down
+let editor3DToolHeld = false, editor3DToolName, editor3DToolPicked = [];
+
+// what a tool's callbacks are given: where the mouse is on the level or the ground, its ray, and the keys held
+function editor3DToolAt(ray=render3D.screenToRay(mousePosScreen), shift=false, ctrl=false)
+{ return {pos: editor3DMouseOnPanel ? undefined : editor3DSurface(ray), cell: undefined, ray, shift, ctrl}; }
+
+// the game's tool, when one is on: the left button is its, a press, a drag and a release one undo, the right
+// button takes a held press back; true when it has the mouse
+function editor3DToolUpdate(ray, idle, shift, ctrl)
+{
+    const picked = [editor3DTool, editor3DBrush];
+    if (levelEditor.tool !== editor3DToolName)
+        editor3DToolName = levelEditor.tool, editor3DToolPicked = picked; // turned on, or off, by its key or button
+    else if (picked.some((value, i)=> value !== editor3DToolPicked[i]))
+        levelEditor.tool = editor3DToolName = undefined; // a tool or a type of the editor's was picked
+    const tool = editorGameTool();
+    if (!tool)
+    {
+        editor3DToolHeld = false;
+        return false;
+    }
+    const at = editor3DToolAt(ray, shift, ctrl);
+    editor3DHover = editor3DBlockHover = editor3DTerrainHover = undefined; // the editor's own cursors are put away
+    if (editor3DToolHeld && mouseWasPressed(2))
+    {
+        editor3DStrokeCancel();
+        editor3DToolHeld = false;
+    }
+    else if (idle && mouseWasPressed(0))
+        editor3DToolHeld = tool.onPress?.(at) !== false;
+    else if (editor3DToolHeld && mouseIsDown(0))
+        tool.onDrag?.(at);
+    if (editor3DToolHeld && !mouseIsDown(0))
+    {
+        tool.onRelease?.(at);
+        editor3DStrokeEnd();
+        editor3DToolHeld = false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// the game's own drawing in the level, in the editor's 3D pass: the editor's onDraw, and its tool's while one is on
+function editor3DDrawGame()
 {
-    const open2D = levelEditor.open.bind(levelEditor), close2D = levelEditor.close.bind(levelEditor);
-    levelEditor.open = ()=> editor3DWanted() ? editor3DOpen() : open2D();
-    levelEditor.close = ()=> editor3DIsOpen || editor3DSession ? editor3DClose() : close2D();
-    Object.defineProperty(levelEditor, 'isOpen', {get: ()=> editor3DIsOpen || editorIsOpen});
+    if (!editor3DIsOpen) return;
+    editorCall('onDraw');
+    const held = (...codes)=> inputCaptureRead(()=> codes.some((code)=> keyIsDown(code)));
+    editorGameTool()?.onDraw?.(editor3DToolAt(undefined, held('ShiftLeft', 'ShiftRight'),
+        held('ControlLeft', 'ControlRight', 'MetaLeft', 'MetaRight')));
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -1131,9 +1804,27 @@ const editor3DSaves = ()=> readSaveData(editor3DSaveName(), {});
 let editor3DSaveFailed = false;
 
 // remember the level's objects and parts, or forget them when they are back to the file
-function editor3DAutosave(level=editor3DLevel)
+function editor3DAutosave(level=editor3DLevel, known)
 {
-    const record = editor3DRecords.get(level);
+    // a prefab being edited is kept with the level it is in, as that level would be on going back: its own
+    // prefabs with what is open, and what was edited on the way, in them
+    if (editor3DPrefabLevels.has(level))
+    {
+        const root = editor3DPrefabStack[0]?.level, edits = {...editor3DPrefabEdits};
+        editor3DPrefabStack.forEach((frame, i)=>
+        {
+            const open = editor3DPrefabStack[i + 1]?.level ?? editor3DLevel, known = level3DPrefabs.get(frame.name);
+            const objects = isArray(open.objects) ? editor3DCopy(open.objects) : [];
+            if (known?.fromLevel && JSON.stringify(objects) !== frame.entered)
+                edits[frame.name] = known.attached ? {attached: true, objects} : {objects};
+        });
+        // with nothing edited any more, an undo back to how the prefab was, the level's autosave is the level's own
+        // again, which takes away one of an edit that was undone and keeps the level's other edits
+        const prefabs = {...editor3DLevelPart('prefabs', root), ...edits};
+        root && editor3DAutosave(Object.keys(prefabs).length ? {...root, prefabs} : root, editor3DRecords.get(root));
+        return;
+    }
+    const record = known ?? editor3DRecords.get(level);
     if (!record || record.pending) return; // edits waiting to be applied keep their autosave
     const saves = editor3DSaves(), objects = isArray(level.objects) ? level.objects : [];
     const parts = editor3DLevelParts(level);
@@ -1144,12 +1835,9 @@ function editor3DAutosave(level=editor3DLevel)
     else
         saves[record.key] = {hash: record.hash, savedHash: record.savedHash, objects: editor3DCopy(objects),
             ...parts};
-    try
-    {
-        localStorage.setItem(editor3DSaveName(), JSON.stringify(saves));
-        editor3DSaveFailed = false;
-    }
-    catch { editor3DSaveFailed = true; }
+    const failed = editorSaveFailed; // the 2D editor's own flag is its own
+    editor3DSaveFailed = editorWriteSaves(saves, record.key, editor3DSaveName());
+    editorSaveFailed = failed;
 }
 
 // put the autosaved edits of a file that changed into the level, as one undo
@@ -1200,11 +1888,43 @@ async function editor3DSave(pickAgain=false)
     const level = editor3DLevel, record = editor3DRecords.get(level);
     if (!record) return;
     editor3DStrokeEnd();
+    const open = editor3DPrefabStack[editor3DPrefabStack.length - 1];
+    if (open)
+    {
+        // inside a prefab, Save writes the prefab as a file of its own, or the game keeps it itself
+        const text = editor3DLevelJSON(level), name = open.name + '.json';
+        const written = JSON.stringify(editor3DObjects()); // as the file has it
+        // its place in line is the prefab's, by its name: closed and opened again it is a new level here, and its
+        // saves still go in the order they were asked for
+        const file = editor3DPrefabFile(open.name), before = file.saving;
+        const saved = (async ()=>
+        {
+            await before;
+            const kept = await editorCall('onSave', text, name) === true;
+            kept || saveText(text, name, 'application/json');
+            file.saved = written;
+            // it is in its file when what it holds now is what was written: edited again while the save was
+            // kept, or gone back from with more edits, it still waits
+            const at = editor3DPrefabStack.indexOf(open);
+            const now = at < 0 ? file.content : JSON.stringify((editor3DPrefabStack[at + 1]?.level ?? editor3DLevel).objects);
+            editor3DPrefabFileCheck(open.name, now ?? written);
+            return kept ? 'kept' : 'downloaded';
+        })();
+        file.saving = saved.catch(()=> {});
+        return saved;
+    }
     // what is written, kept as it is now: the level can change while the file is picked and written, and those
     // edits are not in the file, so they stay in the autosave; the level and record are this one's, whichever is
     // open by then
     const text = editor3DLevelJSON(level);
-    const saved = (async ()=> { await record.saving; return editor3DSaveText(level, record, text, pickAgain); })();
+    // its place in line is taken now, and the game's hook is asked when its turn comes, so saves are written in
+    // the order they were asked for however long a hook takes
+    const saved = (async ()=>
+    {
+        await record.saving;
+        if (await editorCall('onSave', text, record.fileName) === true) return 'kept'; // the game kept it itself
+        return editor3DSaveText(level, record, text, pickAgain);
+    })();
     record.saving = saved.catch(()=> {});
     return saved;
 }
@@ -1264,6 +1984,8 @@ const EDITOR3D_AXES = {x: vec3(1, 0, 0), y: vec3(0, 1, 0), z: vec3(0, 0, 1)};
 
 let editor3DTool = 'move';     // 'select', 'move', 'rotate', 'scale', 'blocks' or 'terrain'
 let editor3DBlockType = 1;     // the block type the Blocks tool places
+let editor3DBlockBox = false;  // the Blocks tool fills a box: the rectangle dragged, editor3DBlockBoxHeight tall
+let editor3DBlockBoxHeight = 1;
 let editor3DSeconds = 0;       // how long the last step was, for a brush held down
 // where the mouse is on the terrain, for the Terrain tool's brush
 /** @type {Vector3|undefined} */
@@ -1273,6 +1995,7 @@ let editor3DTerrainHover;
 let editor3DBlockHover;
 let editor3DGrid = true;       // moves, turns and sizes go in steps, Ctrl flips it for a drag
 let editor3DGroundSnap = true; // a body drag slides along what is under the mouse
+let editor3DLocalAxes = false; // the Move handles follow the object's own axes, not the world's
 let editor3DMoveStep = 1, editor3DRotateStep = 15, editor3DScaleStep = .25; // the rotate step in degrees
 let editor3DHelp = false;      // the keys are shown
 let editor3DMouseOnPanel = false;
@@ -1300,7 +2023,7 @@ function editor3DSelectionCenter()
 function editor3DHandles()
 {
     const center = editor3DSelectionCenter(), tool = editor3DTool, handles = [];
-    if (!center || tool === 'select' || tool === 'blocks' || tool === 'terrain') return handles;
+    if (!center || tool === 'select' || tool === 'blocks' || tool === 'terrain' || editorGameTool()) return handles;
     const length = editor3DScreenScale(center) * EDITOR3D_HANDLE_SIZE;
     const rotation = editor3DRotation(editor3DSelected()[0]).scale(PI / 180), frame = buildMatrix(vec3(), rotation);
     for (const axis of 'xyz')
@@ -1317,16 +2040,19 @@ function editor3DHandles()
             continue;
         }
 
-        // an arrow or scale handle starts a little out from the middle, which is left for the object's body
-        const direction = tool === 'move' ? EDITOR3D_AXES[axis] : frame.transformDirection(EDITOR3D_AXES[axis]);
-        handles.push({kind: tool === 'move' ? 'arrow' : 'scale', axis, center, length, direction,
+        // an arrow or scale handle starts a little out from the middle, which is left for the object's body; Move
+        // goes along the world's axes, or with own axes on along the object's, as Scale always does
+        const local = tool !== 'move' || editor3DLocalAxes;
+        const way = (k)=> local ? frame.transformDirection(EDITOR3D_AXES[k]) : EDITOR3D_AXES[k];
+        const direction = way(axis), turn = tool === 'move' && local ? rotation : undefined;
+        handles.push({kind: tool === 'move' ? 'arrow' : 'scale', axis, center, length, direction, turn,
             points: [center.add(direction.scale(length * .2)), center.add(direction.scale(length))]});
         if (tool === 'move')
         {
-            // the square between the other two axes moves along both
+            // the square between the other two axes moves along both; across is the axis it does not move along
             const [a, b] = 'xyz'.replace(axis, '');
-            handles.push({kind: 'plane', axis: a + b, center, length, direction,
-                points: [center.add(EDITOR3D_AXES[a].add(EDITOR3D_AXES[b]).scale(length * .35))]});
+            handles.push({kind: 'plane', axis: a + b, center, length, direction, turn, across: axis,
+                ways: [way(a), way(b)], points: [center.add(way(a).add(way(b)).scale(length * .35))]});
         }
     }
     tool === 'scale' && handles.push({kind: 'scaleAll', axis: 'xyz', center, length, points: [center]});
@@ -1393,6 +2119,10 @@ function editor3DParts(made, parts=[])
         parts.push(made);
         for (const child of made.children)
             editor3DParts(child, parts);
+        // a prefab's instance and its parts are one thing, the ones that are not its children too
+        if (made instanceof Prefab3D)
+            for (const part of made.parts)
+                part?.parent === made || editor3DParts(part, parts);
     }
     return parts;
 }
@@ -1466,10 +2196,13 @@ function editor3DPlaceAt(type, ray)
     editor3DStrokeEnd();
     const id = editor3DPlace(type, point);
     if (id === undefined) return;
-    const size = editor3DSize(editor3DObject(id)), ignore = new Set(editor3DParts(editor3DInstances.get(id)));
+    const object = editor3DObject(id), size = editor3DSize(object), offset = editor3DBoxOffset(object);
+    const ignore = new Set(editor3DParts(editor3DInstances.get(id)));
     const snapped = editor3DSnapPos(editor3DRest(point, size), size, editor3DGrid ? editor3DMoveStep : 0);
     const y = editor3DLand(snapped.x, snapped.z, point.y, size, ignore);
-    editor3DChange((list)=> editor3DSetTransform(list.find((o)=> o.id === id), vec3(snapped.x, y, snapped.z)));
+    // the box stands there, and the object's place is where that puts it
+    const to = vec3(snapped.x, y, snapped.z).subtract(offset);
+    editor3DChange((list)=> editor3DSetTransform(list.find((o)=> o.id === id), to));
     editor3DStrokeEnd();
 }
 
@@ -1479,7 +2212,7 @@ function editor3DDragTo(drag, mouse, ray, snap)
     if (drag.kind === 'blocks')
         return editor3DVoxelDragTo(drag, ray);
     if (drag.kind === 'terrain')
-        return editor3DTerrainHover && editor3DTerrainSculpt(editor3DTerrainHover, drag.mode, editor3DSeconds);
+        return editor3DTerrainHover && editor3DTerrainDragTo(drag, editor3DTerrainHover);
     if (drag.kind === 'box')
     {
         drag.to = mouse.copy();
@@ -1490,18 +2223,23 @@ function editor3DDragTo(drag, mouse, ray, snap)
     const was = first && start.get(first.id);
     if (!was) return;
     const size = editor3DSize(first), turned = editor3DTurned(first), step = snap ? editor3DMoveStep : 0;
-    const snapTo = (to)=> editor3DSnapPos(to, size, step, turned).subtract(was.pos);
+    const offset = editor3DBoxOffset(first); // snapping and landing go by its box
+    const snapTo = (to)=> editor3DSnapPos(to.add(offset), size, step, turned).subtract(offset).subtract(was.pos);
     let move, turn, factor;
     if (kind === 'arrow')
     {
         const d = editor3DAxisDistance(ray, handle.center, handle.direction) - grab;
-        move = handle.direction.multiply(snapTo(was.pos.add(handle.direction.scale(d)))); // along its axis alone
+        // an axis of its own does not follow the grid, so the move goes in steps from where it started
+        move = handle.turn ? handle.direction.scale(step ? round(d / step) * step : d) :
+            handle.direction.multiply(snapTo(was.pos.add(handle.direction.scale(d)))); // along its axis alone
     }
     else if (kind === 'plane')
     {
         const point = editor3DPlanePoint(ray, handle.center, handle.direction);
         if (!point || !grab) return;
-        move = vec3(1).subtract(handle.direction).multiply(snapTo(was.pos.add(point.subtract(grab))));
+        const delta = point.subtract(grab), along = (w)=> step ? round(delta.dot(w) / step) * step : delta.dot(w);
+        move = handle.turn ? handle.ways[0].scale(along(handle.ways[0])).add(handle.ways[1].scale(along(handle.ways[1]))) :
+            vec3(1).subtract(handle.direction).multiply(snapTo(was.pos.add(delta)));
     }
     else if (kind === 'body')
     {
@@ -1509,8 +2247,8 @@ function editor3DDragTo(drag, mouse, ray, snap)
         const point = editor3DPlanePoint(ray, drag.level, drag.normal);
         if (!point) return;
         const across = snapTo(was.pos.add(point.subtract(drag.level)));
-        const y = editor3DGroundSnap ? editor3DLand(was.pos.x + across.x, was.pos.z + across.z,
-            was.pos.y - size.y / 2, size, drag.ignore) : was.pos.y;
+        const y = editor3DGroundSnap ? editor3DLand(was.pos.x + offset.x + across.x, was.pos.z + offset.z + across.z,
+            was.pos.y + offset.y - size.y / 2, size, drag.ignore) - offset.y : was.pos.y;
         move = vec3(across.x, y - was.pos.y, across.z);
     }
     else if (kind === 'ring')
@@ -1611,9 +2349,9 @@ function editor3DDropSelection()
     {
         for (const object of list)
         {
-            const to = editor3DSelection.has(object.id) &&
-                editor3DDrop(editor3DPos(object), editor3DSize(object), ignore);
-            to && editor3DSetTransform(object, to);
+            const offset = editor3DBoxOffset(object), to = editor3DSelection.has(object.id) &&
+                editor3DDrop(editor3DPos(object).add(offset), editor3DSize(object), ignore);
+            to && editor3DSetTransform(object, to.subtract(offset));
         }
     });
     editor3DStrokeEnd();
@@ -1627,11 +2365,12 @@ function editor3DPasteAtMouse()
     if (!copied?.length) return false;
     if (!point) return editor3DPaste();
     const center = copied.reduce((sum, o)=> sum.add(editor3DPos(o)), vec3()).scale(1 / copied.length);
-    const bottom = copied.reduce((low, o)=> min(low, editor3DPos(o).y - editor3DSize(o).y / 2), Infinity);
-    const first = copied[0], was = editor3DPos(first);
-    const snapped = editor3DSnapPos(was.add(vec3(point.x - center.x, 0, point.z - center.z)), editor3DSize(first),
+    const box = (o)=> editor3DClipboardBoxes.get(o) ?? {size: editor3DSize(o), offset: editor3DBoxOffset(o)};
+    const bottom = copied.reduce((low, o)=> min(low, editor3DPos(o).y + box(o).offset.y - box(o).size.y / 2), Infinity);
+    const first = copied[0], size = box(first).size, was = editor3DPos(first).add(box(first).offset); // its box's middle
+    const snapped = editor3DSnapPos(was.add(vec3(point.x - center.x, 0, point.z - center.z)), size,
         editor3DGrid ? editor3DMoveStep : 0, editor3DTurned(first));
-    const land = editor3DLand(snapped.x, snapped.z, point.y, editor3DSize(first)) - editor3DSize(first).y / 2;
+    const land = editor3DLand(snapped.x, snapped.z, point.y, size) - size.y / 2;
     return editor3DPaste(vec3(snapped.x - was.x, land - bottom, snapped.z - was.z));
 }
 
@@ -1640,18 +2379,22 @@ function editor3DPasteAtMouse()
 /** @type {Object<string, function(boolean=): any>} */
 const editor3DKeys =
 {
-    KeyQ: ()=> { editor3DTool = 'select'; editor3DBrush = undefined; },
-    KeyW: ()=> { editor3DTool = 'move'; },
-    KeyE: ()=> { editor3DTool = 'rotate'; },
-    KeyR: ()=> { editor3DTool = 'scale'; },
-    KeyB: ()=> { editor3DTool = 'blocks'; editor3DBrush = undefined; },
-    KeyT: ()=> { editor3DTool = 'terrain'; editor3DBrush = undefined; },
+    KeyQ: ()=> { editor3DPickTool('select'); editor3DBrush = undefined; },
+    KeyW: ()=> { editor3DPickTool('move'); },
+    KeyE: ()=> { editor3DPickTool('rotate'); },
+    KeyR: ()=> { editor3DPickTool('scale'); },
+    KeyB: ()=> { editor3DPickTool('blocks'); editor3DBrush = undefined; },
+    KeyT: ()=> { editor3DPickTool('terrain'); editor3DBrush = undefined; },
     KeyP: ()=> editor3DTool === 'blocks' && editor3DVoxelPick(render3D.screenToRay(mousePosScreen)),
+    KeyX: ()=> editor3DTool === 'terrain' ? editor3DTerrainNextBrush() :
+        editor3DTool === 'blocks' && (editor3DBlockBox = !editor3DBlockBox),
     KeyG: ()=> { editor3DGrid = !editor3DGrid; },
+    KeyL: ()=> { editor3DLocalAxes = !editor3DLocalAxes; },
     KeyF: ()=> editor3DFrame(),
     End: ()=> editor3DDropSelection(),
     Delete: ()=> editor3DDelete(),
-    Backspace: ()=> editor3DDelete(),
+    Backspace: ()=> editor3DSelection.size ? editor3DDelete() : editor3DPrefabBack(),
+    Enter: ()=> editor3DPrefabEnter(),
     Slash: ()=> { editor3DHelp = !editor3DHelp; },
 };
 /** @type {Object<string, function(boolean=): any>} */
@@ -1663,6 +2406,7 @@ const editor3DCtrlKeys =
     KeyX: ()=> editor3DCut(),
     KeyV: ()=> editor3DPasteAtMouse(),
     KeyD: ()=> editor3DDuplicate(),
+    KeyG: (shift)=> shift ? editor3DUnpack() : editor3DMakePrefab() === true,
 };
 
 // the camera: the right button looks and the keys fly while it is held, the middle button or Space and the left
@@ -1715,7 +2459,13 @@ function editor3DEditorUpdate(seconds)
     if (debugKey && keyWasPressed(debugKey))
     {
         inputClearKey(debugKey);
-        editor3DDrag ? editor3DDragCancel() : editor3DPlay(editor3DMousePoint());
+        if (editor3DToolHeld)
+        {
+            editor3DStrokeCancel(); // a held press of the game's tool is taken back
+            editor3DToolHeld = false;
+        }
+        else
+            editor3DDrag ? editor3DDragCancel() : editor3DPlay(editor3DMousePoint());
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1731,9 +2481,20 @@ function editor3DEditorUpdate(seconds)
     const looking = mouseIsDown(2), cameraDrag = looking || mouseIsDown(1) || keyIsDown('Space') || alt;
 
     // the keys, which wait for a drag to end, and fly while the right button is held
-    if (!editor3DDrag && !looking)
+    if (!editor3DDrag && !looking && !editor3DToolHeld)
+    {
+        // the game's own keys first, each takes the place of the editor's key of the same spelling
+        const taken = new Set;
+        for (const [spelled, key] of Object.entries(levelEditor.keys))
+        {
+            const withCtrl = spelled.startsWith('ctrl+'), code = editor3DKeyCode(spelled.slice(withCtrl ? 5 : 0));
+            if (withCtrl !== ctrl) continue;
+            taken.add(code);
+            keyWasPressed(code) && key.action.call(levelEditor, shift);
+        }
         for (const [code, action] of Object.entries(ctrl ? editor3DCtrlKeys : editor3DKeys))
-            keyWasPressed(code) && action(shift);
+            taken.has(code) || keyWasPressed(code) && action(shift);
+    }
 
     // a right press during a drag puts it back
     if (editor3DDrag && mouseWasPressed(2))
@@ -1741,22 +2502,24 @@ function editor3DEditorUpdate(seconds)
 
     const ray = render3D.screenToRay(mouse), idle = !cameraDrag && !editor3DMouseOnPanel && !editor3DDrag;
     editor3DHover = idle ? editor3DHandleAt(mouse) : undefined;
+    editorCall('onUpdate');
+    if (editor3DToolUpdate(ray, idle, shift, ctrl)) return; // a tool of the game's own has the mouse
 
     // the Blocks tool takes the mouse while the level has a map: Shift removes, Ctrl repaints
-    const painting = editor3DTool === 'blocks' && !!editor3DVoxelMap();
+    // a type picked to place is placed, whichever tool is on
+    const painting = editor3DTool === 'blocks' && !editor3DBrush && !!editor3DVoxelMap();
     const mode = shift ? 'remove' : ctrl ? 'paint' : 'place';
     const target = painting && idle ? editor3DVoxelTarget(ray, mode) : undefined;
     editor3DBlockHover = target && {cell: target.cell, mode};
-    // the Terrain tool takes it while the level has a terrain: held down it raises the ground, Shift lowers,
-    // Ctrl smooths
-    const terrain = editor3DTool === 'terrain' ? editor3DTerrainMap() : undefined;
+    // the Terrain tool takes it while the level has a terrain: held down its brush works on the ground
+    const terrain = editor3DTool === 'terrain' && !editor3DBrush ? editor3DTerrainMap() : undefined;
     const reach = terrain && !cameraDrag && !editor3DMouseOnPanel ? terrain.raycast(ray) : undefined;
     editor3DTerrainHover = reach === undefined ? undefined : ray.getPosition(reach);
     if (painting)
         idle && mouseWasPressed(0) && (editor3DDrag = editor3DVoxelPress(ray, mode));
     else if (terrain)
         idle && mouseWasPressed(0) && editor3DTerrainHover &&
-            (editor3DDrag = {kind: 'terrain', mode: shift ? 'lower' : ctrl ? 'smooth' : 'raise'});
+            (editor3DDrag = editor3DTerrainPress(editor3DTerrainHover, shift, ctrl));
     else if (idle && mouseWasPressed(0))
         editor3DPress(mouse, ray, shift);
 
@@ -1770,7 +2533,7 @@ function editor3DEditorUpdate(seconds)
 if (debug && globalThis.document?.addEventListener)
     document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>
     {
-        if (editor3DIsOpen && (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && /^Key[ZYCXVD]$/.test(e.code) && !editorIsTextField(e.target))
+        if (editor3DIsOpen && (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && /^Key[ZYCXVDG]$/.test(e.code) && !editorIsTextField(e.target))
             e.preventDefault();
     });
 
@@ -1782,13 +2545,16 @@ const editor3DHelpLines =
 [
     'Left: select · Shift+Left: add or take away · Left drag from empty space: box select',
     'Q select · W move · E rotate · R scale: drag a handle, or the object itself',
-    'G: grid snap, Ctrl flips it for a drag · End: drop to the ground',
+    'G: grid snap, Ctrl flips it for a drag · L: move along its own axes · End: drop to the ground',
     'Right button: look, and WASD and QE fly while it is held, Shift faster',
     'Wheel: zoom · Middle drag or Space+drag: pan · Alt+drag: orbit · F: frame the selection',
     'Pick a type, then click to place it, Shift+click keeps placing',
     'B blocks: click or drag places · Shift removes · Ctrl repaints · P picks the type under the mouse',
-    'T terrain: hold to raise the ground · Shift lowers · Ctrl smooths · the brush is in the panel',
+    'X box fill: a drag fills the rectangle dragged, as tall as the height in the panel',
+    'T terrain: hold to raise the ground · Shift lowers · Ctrl smooths · X the next brush, flatten and paint',
     'Delete · Ctrl+C / X / V: copy, cut, paste · Ctrl+D: duplicate · Ctrl+Z / Y: undo, redo',
+    'Ctrl+G: make the selection a prefab, one thing to place many times · Ctrl+Shift+G: unpack it into its objects',
+    'Enter: open the selected prefab to edit it alone, every instance follows · Backspace with nothing selected: back',
     'Reset to file: the level as its file has it, Restart keeps your edits, Undo brings them back',
     'Esc: play and edit · 0: exit the editor · ?: keys',
 ];
@@ -1798,6 +2564,7 @@ function editor3DHint()
 {
     if (editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending)
         return 'The level file changed: apply your edits or drop them';
+    if (editorGameTool()) return editorGameTool().hint || levelEditor.tool;
     if (editor3DDrag)
         return editor3DDrag.kind === 'box' ? 'Let go to select what is inside' :
             'Esc or right click puts it back · Ctrl flips the snap';
@@ -1806,10 +2573,14 @@ function editor3DHint()
     if (editor3DBrush)
         return `Click to place a ${editor3DBrush} · Shift keeps placing · Q puts it down`;
     if (editor3DTool === 'terrain')
-        return editor3DTerrainMap() ? 'Hold to raise the ground · Shift lowers · Ctrl smooths' :
-            'Add a terrain in the panel to sculpt it';
+        return !editor3DTerrainMap() ? 'Add a terrain in the panel to sculpt it' :
+            {sculpt: 'Hold to raise the ground · Shift lowers · Ctrl smooths',
+            flatten: 'Hold to flatten the ground to the height pressed · Ctrl smooths',
+            paint: 'Hold to paint the ground · Shift takes the paint off'}[editor3DTerrainBrush.mode] +
+            ' · X the next brush';
     if (editor3DTool === 'blocks')
-        return editor3DVoxelMap() ? 'Click or drag places · Shift removes · Ctrl repaints · P picks a type' :
+        return editor3DVoxelMap() ? (editor3DBlockBox ? 'Drag a box to fill it' : 'Click or drag places') +
+            ' · Shift removes · Ctrl repaints · P picks a type · X box' :
             'Add a block map in the panel to paint blocks';
     if (editor3DSelection.size)
         return 'Drag a handle or the object · W move · E rotate · R scale · End drops it';
@@ -1883,7 +2654,8 @@ function editor3DDrawRing(center, across, along, radius, color, pixels=2)
 function editor3DVisible(object)
 {
     const made = editor3DInstances.get(object.id);
-    return made instanceof EngineObject3D && !made.destroyed && (made.mesh || made.tileInfo) ? made : undefined;
+    return made instanceof EngineObject3D && !made.destroyed && (made.mesh || made.tileInfo || editor3DPrefabBox(made)) ?
+        made : undefined;
 }
 
 // the box around an object as a matrix: around its mesh where it is, turned and sized as it is, a unit box for a
@@ -1893,6 +2665,9 @@ function editor3DBoxMatrix(object)
     const made = editor3DVisible(object), bounds = made?.mesh && (made.mesh.bounds || made.mesh.getBounds());
     if (!made)
         return buildMatrix(editor3DPos(object));
+    const box = editor3DPrefabBox(made);
+    if (box)
+        return buildMatrix(box.pos, undefined, box.size);
     const matrix = render3DObjectMatrix(made).copy();
     return bounds ? matrix.multiply(buildMatrix(bounds.min.add(bounds.max).scale(.5), undefined,
         bounds.max.subtract(bounds.min))) : matrix.multiply(buildMatrix(vec3(), undefined, made.size3D));
@@ -1956,6 +2731,15 @@ function editor3DDraw()
         editor3DDrawRing(editor3DTerrainHover.add(vec3(0, .05, 0)), EDITOR3D_AXES.x, EDITOR3D_AXES.z,
             editor3DTerrainBrush.size / 2, hsl(0, 0, 1, .9), 2.5);
 
+    // the box a box drag fills
+    const region = map && editor3DDrag?.region;
+    if (region)
+    {
+        const size = region.hi.subtract(region.lo).add(vec3(1));
+        editor3DDrawWire(buildMatrix(map.pos3D.add(region.lo).add(size.scale(.5)), undefined, size.add(vec3(.02))),
+            editor3DDrag.mode === 'place' ? hsl(0, 0, 1, .9) : editor3DDrag.mode === 'remove' ? hsl(0, 1, .6) :
+            hsl(.15, 1, .6), 2.5);
+    }
     // the map's edges, to see where it ends
     if (map)
         editor3DDrawWire(buildMatrix(map.pos3D.add(map.mapSize.scale(.5)), undefined, map.mapSize),
@@ -1982,9 +2766,8 @@ function editor3DDraw()
         else if (kind === 'plane')
         {
             // a flat square across its two axes, in the color of the axis it does not move along
-            const size = vec3(tip * 1.6).subtract(handle.direction.scale(tip * 1.5));
-            r.drawBox(points[0], size, lit ? color : EDITOR3D_AXIS_COLORS['xyz'.replace(axis[0], '')
-                .replace(axis[1], '')].scale(1, .7));
+            const size = vec3(tip * 1.6).subtract(EDITOR3D_AXES[handle.across].scale(tip * 1.5));
+            r.drawBox(points[0], size, lit ? color : EDITOR3D_AXIS_COLORS[handle.across].scale(1, .7), handle.turn);
         }
         else if (kind === 'scaleAll')
             r.drawBox(center, tip * 1.4, lit ? color : WHITE);
@@ -1994,7 +2777,8 @@ function editor3DDraw()
             r.drawLine(points[0], points[1], width, color);
             const turn = axis === 'x' ? vec3(0, 0, -PI / 2) : axis === 'z' ? vec3(PI / 2, 0, 0) : undefined;
             const at = points[1].add(handle.direction.scale(tip));
-            r.drawMesh(editor3DConeMesh(), buildMatrix(at, turn, vec3(tip * 1.4, tip * 2, tip * 1.4)), undefined, color);
+            const cone = buildMatrix(vec3(), turn, vec3(tip * 1.4, tip * 2, tip * 1.4));
+            r.drawMesh(editor3DConeMesh(), buildMatrix(at, handle.turn).multiply(cone), undefined, color);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -2002,6 +2786,7 @@ function editor3DDraw()
             r.drawBox(points[1], tip, color, editor3DRotation(editor3DSelected()[0]).scale(PI / 180));
         }
     }
+    editor3DDrawGame();
 }
 
 // the editor's drawing on the 2D layer: the name of each marker, and the box being dragged out to select with
@@ -2092,9 +2877,11 @@ function editor3DPanelInit()
         ['scale', 'Scale', 'R'], ['blocks', 'Blocks', 'B'], ['terrain', 'Terrain', 'T']])
         toolButtons[tool] = button(tools, text, ()=>
         {
-            editor3DTool = tool;
+            editor3DPickTool(tool);
             (tool === 'select' || tool === 'blocks' || tool === 'terrain') && (editor3DBrush = undefined);
         }, key);
+    // the game's own tools, buttons and controls, under the editor's tools
+    const game = editorElement('div', panel);
     const snap = editorElement('div', panel, box);
     const grid = check(snap, 'Grid snap', (on)=> editor3DGrid = on, 'G, and Ctrl flips it for a drag');
     const steps = row(snap);
@@ -2103,12 +2890,26 @@ function editor3DPanelInit()
     const scaleStep = choice(steps, 'Size', [1, .5, .25], (v)=> editor3DScaleStep = v);
     const ground = check(snap, 'Ground snap', (on)=> editor3DGroundSnap = on,
         'A drag of an object slides it along what is under the mouse');
+    const ownAxes = check(snap, 'Own axes', (on)=> editor3DLocalAxes = on,
+        'L: the Move handles go along the object\'s own axes, as it is turned, not the world\'s');
 
     // the types, a click picks one up to place, made again when types are added
     editorElement('div', panel, 'color:#aaa;margin-top:4px', 'Place');
     const types = row();
+    const prefabNote = editorElement('div', panel, 'color:#f86'); // why a prefab was not loaded
     const properties = editorElement('div', panel, box);
 
+    // prefabs: the selection made one, or the selected instance's own
+    const prefabBox = editorElement('div', panel, box);
+
+    // the prefab that is open, and the way back
+    const prefabOpen = editorElement('div', panel, 'padding:4px;margin:4px 0;background:#235;border-radius:3px;' +
+        'display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center');
+    panel.insertBefore(prefabOpen, panel.firstChild);
+    const prefabName = editorElement('span', prefabOpen, 'flex:1');
+    button(prefabOpen, 'Back', ()=> editor3DPrefabBack(),
+        'Backspace with nothing selected: back to where the prefab was opened from, every instance of it follows');
+
     // the Blocks tool's box: a map to add, or the types to paint with
     const blocks = editorElement('div', panel, box);
 
@@ -2139,13 +2940,15 @@ function editor3DPanelInit()
 
     const storage = editorElement('div', panel, 'color:#f86;margin-top:4px',
         'Autosave failed, storage is full: Save to a file');
+    const prefabUnsaved = editorElement('div', panel, 'color:#fc6;margin-top:4px');
     const hint = editorElement('div', panel, 'color:#8ab;margin-top:4px');
     const help = editorElement('div', panel, 'color:#aaa;margin-top:4px;border-top:1px solid #444;padding-top:4px');
     for (const line of editor3DHelpLines)
         editorElement('div', help, 'margin:2px 0', line);
+    const gameHelp = editorElement('div', help);
     button(help, 'Close', ()=> editor3DHelp = false, '?');
 
-    editor3DPanelParts = {restart, pending, toolButtons, grid, moveStep, rotateStep, scaleStep, ground, types,
+    editor3DPanelParts = {game, gameHelp, restart, pending, toolButtons, grid, moveStep, rotateStep, scaleStep, ground, ownAxes, types, prefabBox, prefabOpen, prefabName, prefabUnsaved, prefabNote,
         properties, blocks, terrainBox, sceneOn, sceneRows, playFrom, storage, hint, help, typeNames: ''};
 }
 
@@ -2160,49 +2963,126 @@ function editor3DPanelUpdate()
     editor3DPanel || editor3DPanelInit();
     editor3DPanel.style.display = '';
     const p = editor3DPanelParts, lit = '2px solid #4af';
-    p.restart.style.display = levelEditor.onRestart ? '' : 'none';
+    editorGamePanel(p.game);
+    editorGameHelp(p.gameHelp);
+    p.restart.style.display = editorHas('onRestart') ? '' : 'none';
     p.pending.style.display = editor3DRecords.get(editor3DLevel)?.pending ? '' : 'none';
     for (const tool in p.toolButtons)
         p.toolButtons[tool].style.outline = tool === editor3DTool ? lit : '';
     p.grid.checked = editor3DGrid;
     p.ground.checked = editor3DGroundSnap;
+    p.ownAxes.checked = editor3DLocalAxes;
     p.moveStep.value = editor3DMoveStep + '';
     p.rotateStep.value = editor3DRotateStep + '';
     p.scaleStep.value = editor3DScaleStep + '';
     p.playFrom.checked = editor3DPlayFromMouse;
-    p.playFrom.parentElement.style.display = levelEditor.onPlayFrom ? 'flex' : 'none';
+    p.playFrom.parentElement.style.display = editorHas('onPlayFrom') ? 'flex' : 'none';
     p.storage.style.display = editor3DSaveFailed ? '' : 'none';
     p.hint.textContent = editor3DHint();
     p.help.style.display = editor3DHelp ? '' : 'none';
 
     // a button for each type, made again when the types changed
-    const names = [...level3DTypes.keys()], typeNames = names.join('\n');
+    const names = editor3DPlaceNames(), plain = names.filter((name)=> !level3DPrefabs.has(name));
+    const prefabs = names.slice(plain.length);
+    const typeNames = plain.join('\n') + '\n\n' + prefabs.join('\n');
     if (p.typeNames !== typeNames)
     {
         p.typeNames = typeNames;
-        p.types.replaceChildren(...names.map((name)=>
+        p.typeButtons = names.map((name)=>
         {
             const b = editorElement('button', undefined, 'padding:3px 6px;cursor:pointer', name);
             b.onclick = ()=> { editor3DBrush = editor3DBrush === name ? undefined : name; b.blur(); };
             return b;
-        }));
-    }
-    names.forEach((name, i)=> p.types.children[i].style.outline = name === editor3DBrush ? lit : '');
+        });
+        const label = editorElement('span', undefined, 'color:#aaa;width:100%', 'Prefabs');
+        const load = editorElement('button', undefined, 'padding:3px 6px;cursor:pointer', 'Load prefab…');
+        load.title = 'Add a prefab from a file the editor saved, by its file name, to place in this level';
+        load.onclick = ()=> { editor3DPrefabPickFile(); load.blur(); };
+        p.types.replaceChildren(...p.typeButtons.slice(0, plain.length), label, ...p.typeButtons.slice(plain.length), load);
+    }
+    p.prefabNote.style.display = editor3DPrefabMessage && !editor3DSelection.size ? '' : 'none';
+    p.prefabNote.textContent = editor3DPrefabMessage;
+    names.forEach((name, i)=> p.typeButtons[i].style.outline = name === editor3DBrush ? lit : '');
     editor3DPropertiesUpdate(p.properties);
+    editor3DPrefabBoxUpdate(p.prefabBox);
+    p.prefabOpen.style.display = editor3DPrefabStack.length ? 'flex' : 'none';
+    p.prefabName.textContent = 'Editing prefab ' + editor3DPrefabStack.map((frame)=> frame.name).join(' > ');
+    p.prefabUnsaved.style.display = editor3DPrefabDirty.size ? '' : 'none';
+    p.prefabUnsaved.textContent = 'Edited and not in its file: ' + [...editor3DPrefabDirty].join(', ') +
+        '. Open it with Enter and Save';
     editor3DBlocksUpdate(p.blocks);
     editor3DTerrainBoxUpdate(p.terrainBox);
     p.sceneOn.checked = !!editor3DScene();
     editor3DSceneUpdate(p.sceneRows);
 }
 
+// the prefab box, shown with a selection: a name and a button to make it a prefab, and for one selected instance
+// its prefab's name, Unpack, Export, and for a prefab of the level's own whether it is attached
+function editor3DPrefabBoxUpdate(box)
+{
+    const selected = editor3DSelected(), made = selected.length === 1 && editor3DInstances.get(selected[0].id);
+    const instance = made instanceof Prefab3D ? made : undefined, prefab = instance && level3DPrefabs.get(instance.prefabName);
+    const key = !selected.length ? '' : [selected.length, instance?.prefabName, prefab?.attached, prefab?.fromLevel,
+        editor3DPrefabMessage, editor3DPrefabStack.length] + '';
+    box.style.display = key ? '' : 'none';
+    if (box.dataset.key === key || box.contains(document.activeElement)) return;
+    box.dataset.key = key;
+    box.replaceChildren();
+    if (!key) return;
+    const field = 'background:#222;color:#eee', press = 'padding:2px 6px;cursor:pointer';
+    const row = ()=> editorElement('div', box, 'display:flex;gap:4px;align-items:center;margin:2px 0;flex-wrap:wrap');
+    if (prefab)
+    {
+        const line = row();
+        editorElement('span', line, 'flex:1;color:#aaa', 'Prefab ' + instance.prefabName);
+        const open = editorElement('button', line, press, 'Edit');
+        open.title = 'Enter: open the prefab alone to edit it, every instance of it follows';
+        open.onclick = ()=> { editor3DPrefabEnter(); open.blur(); };
+        const unpack = editorElement('button', line, press, 'Unpack');
+        unpack.title = 'Ctrl+Shift+G: turn this instance into the objects it is made of';
+        unpack.onclick = ()=> { editor3DUnpack(); unpack.blur(); };
+        const save = editorElement('button', line, press, 'Export');
+        save.title = 'Save the prefab as a file of its own, to load with level3DLoadPrefab';
+        save.onclick = ()=>
+        {
+            saveText(editor3DPrefabJSON(instance.prefabName), instance.prefabName + '.json', 'application/json');
+            save.blur();
+        };
+        if (prefab.fromLevel && !editor3DPrefabStack.length)
+        {
+            const label = editorElement('label', box, 'display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center;margin:2px 0');
+            label.title = 'Its parts are attached to each instance and move with it as one body, with no ' +
+                'collision of their own; off, each part is an object of its own and solid';
+            const attached = editorElement('input', label);
+            attached.type = 'checkbox';
+            attached.checked = prefab.attached;
+            attached.onchange = ()=> { editor3DPrefabSetAttached(instance.prefabName, attached.checked); attached.blur(); };
+            editorElement('span', label, '', 'Attached, one body');
+        }
+    }
+    const line = row();
+    const name = editorElement('input', line, field + ';flex:1;min-width:60px');
+    name.placeholder = 'prefab name';
+    const make = editorElement('button', line, press, 'Make prefab');
+    make.title = 'Ctrl+G: the selection becomes one thing to place many times, kept in the level';
+    make.onclick = ()=> { editor3DMakePrefab(name.value); make.blur(); };
+    name.onkeydown = (e)=> { e.key === 'Enter' && (editor3DMakePrefab(name.value), name.blur()); };
+    editor3DPrefabMessage && editorElement('div', box, 'color:#f86', editor3DPrefabMessage);
+}
+
+// a level's color as a color input takes it, six digits and no alpha, white for one it can not show
+function editor3DInputColor(hex) { return /^#[0-9a-f]{6}/i.test(hex) ? hex.slice(0, 7) : '#ffffff'; }
+
 // the terrain box, shown with the Terrain tool: without a terrain, its size, cells and height and a button to add
-// it; with one, the brush's size and strength, the terrain's color, and a button to take it away
+// it; with one, the brush, its size and strength or the color it paints, the terrain's color, and a button to
+// take it away
 function editor3DTerrainBoxUpdate(box)
 {
     const map = editor3DTerrainMap(), shown = editor3DTool === 'terrain';
     box.style.display = shown ? '' : 'none';
     if (!shown) return;
-    const terrain = editor3DLevelPart('terrain'), key = map ? 'terrain ' + terrain.color : 'none';
+    const terrain = editor3DLevelPart('terrain'), brush = editor3DTerrainBrush;
+    const key = map ? ['terrain', terrain.color, brush.mode] + '' : 'none';
     if (box.dataset.key === key || box.contains(document.activeElement)) return;
     box.dataset.key = key;
     box.replaceChildren();
@@ -2250,13 +3130,27 @@ function editor3DTerrainBoxUpdate(box)
         input.oninput = ()=> set(parseFloat(input.value));
         input.onchange = ()=> input.blur();
     };
-    slider('Brush size', 'How far across the brush is', 1, 32, .5, editor3DTerrainBrush.size,
-        (v)=> editor3DTerrainBrush.size = v);
-    slider('Strength', 'How fast the brush works', .05, 1, .05, editor3DTerrainBrush.strength,
-        (v)=> editor3DTerrainBrush.strength = v);
-    const color = editorElement('input', line('Color'), field + ';width:60px');
+    const brushes = editorElement('select', line('Brush', 'X: sculpt raises and lowers the ground, flatten brings ' +
+        'it to the height pressed, paint colors it'), field + ';width:120px');
+    for (const name of editor3DTerrainBrushes)
+        editorElement('option', brushes, '', name[0].toUpperCase() + name.slice(1)).value = name;
+    brushes.value = brush.mode;
+    brushes.onchange = ()=> { brush.mode = brushes.value; brushes.blur(); };
+    slider('Brush size', 'How far across the brush is', 1, 32, .5, brush.size, (v)=> brush.size = v);
+    if (brush.mode === 'paint')
+    {
+        const paint = editorElement('input', line('Paint', 'The color the brush paints'), field + ';width:60px');
+        paint.type = 'color';
+        paint.value = editor3DInputColor(brush.color);
+        paint.oninput = ()=> brush.color = paint.value;
+        paint.onchange = ()=> { brush.color = paint.value; paint.blur(); };
+    }
+    else
+        slider('Strength', 'How fast the brush works', .05, 1, .05, brush.strength, (v)=> brush.strength = v);
+    const color = editorElement('input', line('Color', 'The color of the ground that is not painted'),
+        field + ';width:60px');
     color.type = 'color';
-    color.value = /^#[0-9a-f]{6}/i.test(terrain.color) ? terrain.color.slice(0, 7) : '#ffffff';
+    color.value = editor3DInputColor(terrain.color);
     color.oninput = ()=> editor3DChangePart('terrain', (t)=> ({...t, color: color.value}));
     color.onchange = ()=> { color.oninput(); editor3DStrokeEnd(); color.blur(); };
     const remove = editorElement('button', box, 'margin-top:4px;padding:2px 6px;cursor:pointer', 'Remove terrain');
@@ -2272,7 +3166,8 @@ function editor3DBlocksUpdate(box)
     box.style.display = shown ? '' : 'none';
     if (!shown) return;
     const first = map?.tileInfo, texture = first?.textureInfo;
-    const key = map ? ['map', editor3DBlockType, texture?.size.x, map.blockTypes.length].join() : 'none';
+    const key = map ? ['map', editor3DBlockType, texture?.size.x, map.blockTypes.length, editor3DBlockBox,
+        map.mapSize].join() : 'none';
     if (box.dataset.key === key || box.contains(document.activeElement)) return;
     box.dataset.key = key;
     box.replaceChildren();
@@ -2293,7 +3188,7 @@ function editor3DBlocksUpdate(box)
         add.title = 'An empty map of blocks, centered, its bottom on the ground';
         add.onclick = ()=>
         {
-            const [x, y, z] = inputs.map((i)=> clamp(floor(parseFloat(i.value)) || 1, 1, 256));
+            const [x, y, z] = inputs.map((i, k)=> clamp(floor(parseFloat(i.value)) || [32, 16, 32][k], 1, 256));
             editor3DVoxelAdd(vec3(x, y, z));
             add.blur();
         };
@@ -2333,6 +3228,46 @@ function editor3DBlocksUpdate(box)
         }
         catch {} // an image that can not be drawn or read, the title still says the type
     }
+    // box fill: a drag fills the rectangle dragged, this many layers tall
+    const boxRow = editorElement('label', box, 'display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center;margin:4px 0 2px');
+    boxRow.title = 'X: a drag fills the whole rectangle from the press to the mouse, Shift clears it, Ctrl repaints';
+    const boxOn = editorElement('input', boxRow);
+    boxOn.type = 'checkbox';
+    boxOn.checked = editor3DBlockBox;
+    boxOn.onchange = ()=> { editor3DBlockBox = boxOn.checked; boxOn.blur(); };
+    editorElement('span', boxRow, 'flex:1', 'Box fill, height');
+    const boxHeight = editorElement('input', boxRow, field);
+    boxHeight.type = 'number';
+    boxHeight.min = '1', boxHeight.max = '256', boxHeight.step = '1';
+    boxHeight.value = editor3DBlockBoxHeight + '';
+    boxHeight.onchange = ()=>
+    {
+        editor3DBlockBoxHeight = clamp(floor(parseFloat(boxHeight.value)) || 1, 1, 256);
+        boxHeight.value = editor3DBlockBoxHeight + '';
+        boxHeight.blur();
+    };
+
+    // the map's size, to change
+    const sizeRow = editorElement('label', box, 'display:flex;gap:4px;align-items:center;margin:2px 0');
+    editorElement('span', sizeRow, 'flex:1', 'Map size');
+    const axes = ['x', 'y', 'z'], sizes = axes.map((axis)=>
+    {
+        const input = editorElement('input', sizeRow, field);
+        input.type = 'number';
+        input.min = '1', input.max = '256', input.step = '1';
+        input.value = map.mapSize[axis] + '';
+        return input;
+    });
+    const resize = editorElement('button', box, 'padding:2px 6px;cursor:pointer;margin-right:4px', 'Resize');
+    resize.title = 'Change the map\'s size, its blocks stay where they are; Undo brings back what was cut off';
+    resize.onclick = ()=>
+    {
+        // a field left empty keeps the size it has
+        const [x, y, z] = sizes.map((i, k)=> clamp(floor(parseFloat(i.value)) || map.mapSize[axes[k]], 1, 256));
+        editor3DVoxelResize(vec3(x, y, z));
+        resize.blur();
+    };
+
     const remove = editorElement('button', box, 'margin-top:4px;padding:2px 6px;cursor:pointer', 'Remove map');
     remove.title = 'Take the block map out of the level, Undo brings it back';
     remove.onclick = ()=> { editor3DVoxelRemove(); remove.blur(); };
@@ -2351,7 +3286,11 @@ function editor3DSceneUpdate(box)
 
     // a setting the block leaves out shows as it is on screen
     const view = editor3DSceneFromView(), value = (name)=> scene[name] ?? view[name];
-    const change = (name, v)=> editor3DChangeScene((s={})=> ({...s, [name]: v}));
+    // an input changes the scene as it is when it is used, not as it was when the box was made: the box is not
+    // made again while it has the focus, so a field edited right after another must not put the other one back;
+    // set is given the setting's value now, or what shows for one the block leaves out
+    const change = (name, set)=> editor3DChangeScene((s={})=>
+        ({...s, [name]: typeof set === 'function' ? set(s[name] ?? view[name]) : set}));
     const field = 'background:#222;color:#eee';
     const line = (name, title='')=>
     {
@@ -2379,7 +3318,7 @@ function editor3DSceneUpdate(box)
     {
         const input = editorElement('input', line(name, title), field + ';width:60px');
         input.type = 'color';
-        input.value = /^#[0-9a-f]{6}/i.test(hex) ? hex.slice(0, 7) : '#ffffff';
+        input.value = editor3DInputColor(hex);
         return live(input, ()=> set(input.value));
     };
     const number = (row, v, set)=>
@@ -2392,7 +3331,7 @@ function editor3DSceneUpdate(box)
         input.onchange = ()=>
         {
             const n = parseFloat(input.value);
-            isNumber(n) && n >= 0 && set(n);
+            isNumber(n) && n >= 0 ? set(v = n) : input.value = v + ''; // one not taken shows what it has again
             editor3DStrokeEnd();
             input.blur();
         };
@@ -2417,7 +3356,7 @@ function editor3DSceneUpdate(box)
     if (sky)
     {
         ['Sky top', 'Sky horizon', 'Sky bottom'].forEach((name, i)=> color(name, '', sky[i], (hex)=>
-            change('sky', sky.map((c, k)=> k === i ? hex : c))));
+            change('sky', (now)=> (isArray(now) && now.length === 3 ? now : sky).map((c, k)=> k === i ? hex : c))));
         slider('Ambient', 'How much of the sky colors lights the scene', 0, 1, .05,
             isNumber(scene.ambient) ? scene.ambient : .5, (v)=> change('ambient', v));
     }
@@ -2425,16 +3364,17 @@ function editor3DSceneUpdate(box)
     // the sun, as two angles
     const [around, height] = editor3DSunAngles(value('sunDirection'));
     slider('Sun around', 'Where the sun is around the scene, in degrees', 0, 359, 1, around, (v)=>
-        change('sunDirection', editor3DSunDirection(v, editor3DSunAngles(value('sunDirection'))[1])));
-    slider('Sun height', 'How high the sun is over the horizon, in degrees', 5, 90, 1, height, (v)=>
-        change('sunDirection', editor3DSunDirection(editor3DSunAngles(value('sunDirection'))[0], v)));
+        change('sunDirection', (now)=> editor3DSunDirection(v, editor3DSunAngles(now)[1])));
+    slider('Sun height', 'How high the sun is over the horizon, in degrees', 5, 89, 1, height, (v)=>
+        change('sunDirection', (now)=> editor3DSunDirection(editor3DSunAngles(now)[0], v)));
     color('Sun color', '', value('sunColor'), (hex)=> change('sunColor', hex));
 
     // the fog, by its distances, an end of 0 for none
     const fog = isArray(value('fog')) ? value('fog') : [0, 0], fogRow = line('Fog start, end',
         'Where the fog starts and where it is total, an end of 0 for no fog');
-    number(fogRow, fog[0], (v)=> change('fog', [v, fog[1]]));
-    number(fogRow, fog[1], (v)=> change('fog', [fog[0], v]));
+    const fogNow = (now)=> isArray(now) && now.length === 2 ? now : fog;
+    number(fogRow, fog[0], (v)=> change('fog', (now)=> [v, fogNow(now)[1]]));
+    number(fogRow, fog[1], (v)=> change('fog', (now)=> [fogNow(now)[0], v]));
     color('Fog color', 'The sky\'s horizon color when the level has a sky and no fog color',
         scene.fogColor ?? (sky ? sky[1] : view.fogColor), (hex)=> change('fogColor', hex));
     toggle('Shadows', 'The sun casts shadows', !!value('shadows'), (on)=> change('shadows', on));