litedbmodel 2.2.7 → 2.2.9

package/dist/index.cjs

@@ -1158,14 +1158,14 @@ __export(index_exports, {
   _legacyOr: () => or,
   and: () => and,
   belongsTo: () => belongsTo,
-  castToBoolean: () => castToBoolean,
-  castToBooleanArray: () => castToBooleanArray,
-  castToDatetime: () => castToDatetime,
-  castToDatetimeArray: () => castToDatetimeArray,
-  castToIntegerArray: () => castToIntegerArray,
-  castToJson: () => castToJson,
-  castToNumericArray: () => castToNumericArray,
-  castToStringArray: () => castToStringArray,
+  castToBoolean: () => castToBoolean2,
+  castToBooleanArray: () => castToBooleanArray2,
+  castToDatetime: () => castToDatetime2,
+  castToDatetimeArray: () => castToDatetimeArray2,
+  castToIntegerArray: () => castToIntegerArray2,
+  castToJson: () => castToJson2,
+  castToNumericArray: () => castToNumericArray2,
+  castToStringArray: () => castToStringArray2,
   closeAllPools: () => closeAllPools2,
   column: () => column,
   columnsToNames: () => columnsToNames,
@@ -1595,6 +1595,166 @@ var defaultLogger = {
   error: console.error
 };
 
+// src/drivers/PostgresHelper.ts
+function castToDatetime(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (val instanceof Date) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number") {
+    const date = new Date(val);
+    return isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function castToBoolean(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "boolean") {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    const lower = val.toLowerCase();
+    if (lower === "true" || lower === "t" || lower === "1") {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (lower === "false" || lower === "f" || lower === "0") {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "number") {
+    return val !== 0;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function castToIntegerArray(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => {
+      if (typeof v === "number") return v;
+      const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
+      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
+    });
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => {
+      const n = parseInt(v, 10);
+      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
+    });
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToNumericArray(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => {
+      if (v === null || v === void 0) return null;
+      if (typeof v === "number") return v;
+      const n = parseFloat(String(v));
+      return isNaN(n) ? null : n;
+    });
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => {
+      if (v === "NULL" || v === "") return null;
+      const n = parseFloat(v);
+      return isNaN(n) ? null : n;
+    });
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToStringArray(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => String(v));
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    return pgArrayParse(val);
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToBooleanArray(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => castToBoolean(v));
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => castToBoolean(v));
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToDatetimeArray(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => castToDatetime(v));
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => castToDatetime(v));
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToJson(val) {
+  return val ?? null;
+}
+function pgArrayParse(literal) {
+  if (!literal || literal === "{}") {
+    return [];
+  }
+  let content = literal.trim();
+  if (content.startsWith("{") && content.endsWith("}")) {
+    content = content.slice(1, -1);
+  }
+  if (content === "") {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const result = [];
+  let current = "";
+  let inQuotes = false;
+  let escaped = false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
+    const char = content[i];
+    if (escaped) {
+      current += char;
+      escaped = false;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (char === "\\") {
+      escaped = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (char === '"') {
+      inQuotes = !inQuotes;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (char === "," && !inQuotes) {
+      result.push(current);
+      current = "";
+      continue;
+    }
+    current += char;
+  }
+  if (current !== "" || result.length > 0) {
+    result.push(current);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+function formatSqlCast(placeholder, sqlCast) {
+  return `${placeholder}::${sqlCast}`;
+}
+
 // src/TypeCast.ts
 var defaultTypeCast = {
   castToDatetime(val) {
@@ -1719,17 +1879,15 @@ var defaultTypeCast = {
     }
     return [];
   },
+  // A string is JSON text to decode; any other value is already a JSON value
   castToJson(val) {
     if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    if (typeof val === "object") return val;
-    if (typeof val === "string") {
-      try {
-        return JSON.parse(val);
-      } catch {
-        return null;
-      }
+    if (typeof val !== "string") return val;
+    try {
+      return JSON.parse(val);
+    } catch {
+      return null;
     }
-    return null;
   }
 };
 function parsePostgresArray(literal) {
@@ -1780,28 +1938,28 @@ function resetTypeCastImpl() {
 function getTypeCast() {
   return currentTypeCast;
 }
-function castToDatetime(val) {
+function castToDatetime2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToDatetime(val);
 }
-function castToBoolean(val) {
+function castToBoolean2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToBoolean(val);
 }
-function castToIntegerArray(val) {
+function castToIntegerArray2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToIntegerArray(val);
 }
-function castToNumericArray(val) {
+function castToNumericArray2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToNumericArray(val);
 }
-function castToStringArray(val) {
+function castToStringArray2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToStringArray(val);
 }
-function castToBooleanArray(val) {
+function castToBooleanArray2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToBooleanArray(val);
 }
-function castToDatetimeArray(val) {
+function castToDatetimeArray2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToDatetimeArray(val);
 }
-function castToJson(val) {
+function castToJson2(val) {
   return currentTypeCast.castToJson(val);
 }
 function formatLocalDate(d) {
@@ -1845,16 +2003,7 @@ var postgresTypeCast = {
     return JSON.stringify(val);
   },
   deserializeJson(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    if (typeof val === "object") return val;
-    if (typeof val === "string") {
-      try {
-        return JSON.parse(val);
-      } catch {
-        return null;
-      }
-    }
-    return null;
+    return castToJson(val);
   },
   serializeBooleanArray(val) {
     if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
@@ -2158,73 +2307,151 @@ var postgresSqlBuilder = {
   inferPgType
 };
 
-// src/drivers/MysqlSqlBuilder.ts
-var mysqlTypeCast = {
-  driverName: "mysql",
-  serializeArray(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    return JSON.stringify(val);
-  },
-  deserializeArray(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    if (Array.isArray(val)) return val;
-    if (typeof val === "string") {
-      try {
-        const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
-        return Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : null;
-      } catch {
-        return null;
-      }
-    }
-    return null;
-  },
-  serializeJson(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    return JSON.stringify(val);
-  },
-  deserializeJson(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    if (typeof val === "object") return val;
-    if (typeof val === "string") {
-      try {
-        return JSON.parse(val);
-      } catch {
-        return null;
-      }
-    }
-    return null;
-  },
-  serializeBooleanArray(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    return JSON.stringify(val);
-  },
-  deserializeBooleanArray(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    if (Array.isArray(val)) return val;
-    if (typeof val === "string") {
-      try {
-        const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
-        return Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : null;
-      } catch {
-        return null;
-      }
-    }
+// src/drivers/MysqlHelper.ts
+function castToDatetime3(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
     return null;
-  },
-  /**
-   * MySQL: return Date object as-is, let mysql2 driver handle conversion
-   * Note: MySQL DATETIME has no timezone - values stored/retrieved in server timezone
-   */
-  serializeDatetime(val) {
-    return val;
-  },
-  /**
-   * MySQL: return Date object as-is, let mysql2 driver handle conversion
-   */
-  serializeDate(val) {
+  }
+  if (val instanceof Date) {
     return val;
   }
-};
+  if (typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number") {
+    const date = new Date(val);
+    return isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function castToBoolean3(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "boolean") {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "number") {
+    return val !== 0;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    const lower = val.toLowerCase();
+    if (lower === "true" || lower === "1") {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (lower === "false" || lower === "0") {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
+    return val[0] !== 0;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function castToIntegerArray3(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => {
+      const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
+      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
+    });
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
+      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+        return parsed.map((v) => {
+          const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
+          return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
+        });
+      }
+    } catch {
+    }
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToStringArray3(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => String(v));
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
+      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+        return parsed.map((v) => String(v));
+      }
+    } catch {
+    }
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToJson3(val) {
+  return val ?? null;
+}
+function formatSqlCast2(placeholder, _sqlCast) {
+  return placeholder;
+}
+
+// src/drivers/MysqlSqlBuilder.ts
+var mysqlTypeCast = {
+  driverName: "mysql",
+  serializeArray(val) {
+    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
+    return JSON.stringify(val);
+  },
+  deserializeArray(val) {
+    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
+    if (Array.isArray(val)) return val;
+    if (typeof val === "string") {
+      try {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
+        return Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : null;
+      } catch {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  },
+  serializeJson(val) {
+    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
+    return JSON.stringify(val);
+  },
+  deserializeJson(val) {
+    return castToJson3(val);
+  },
+  serializeBooleanArray(val) {
+    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
+    return JSON.stringify(val);
+  },
+  deserializeBooleanArray(val) {
+    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
+    if (Array.isArray(val)) return val;
+    if (typeof val === "string") {
+      try {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
+        return Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : null;
+      } catch {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  },
+  /**
+   * MySQL: return Date object as-is, let mysql2 driver handle conversion
+   * Note: MySQL DATETIME has no timezone - values stored/retrieved in server timezone
+   */
+  serializeDatetime(val) {
+    return val;
+  },
+  /**
+   * MySQL: return Date object as-is, let mysql2 driver handle conversion
+   */
+  serializeDate(val) {
+    return val;
+  }
+};
 var mysqlSqlBuilder = {
   driverType: "mysql",
   typeCast: mysqlTypeCast,
@@ -2360,6 +2587,103 @@ var mysqlSqlBuilder = {
   }
 };
 
+// src/drivers/SqliteHelper.ts
+function castToDatetime4(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (val instanceof Date) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number") {
+    const date = new Date(val);
+    return isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function castToBoolean4(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "boolean") {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "number") {
+    return val !== 0;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    const lower = val.toLowerCase();
+    if (lower === "true" || lower === "1") {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (lower === "false" || lower === "0") {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function castToIntegerArray4(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => {
+      const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
+      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
+    });
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
+      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+        return parsed.map((v) => {
+          const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
+          return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
+        });
+      }
+    } catch {
+    }
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToStringArray4(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map((v) => String(v));
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
+      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+        return parsed.map((v) => String(v));
+      }
+    } catch {
+    }
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+function castToJson4(val) {
+  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "object" || typeof val === "number") {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "string") {
+    try {
+      return JSON.parse(val);
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function formatSqlCast3(placeholder, _sqlCast) {
+  return placeholder;
+}
+
 // src/drivers/SqliteSqlBuilder.ts
 var sqliteTypeCast = {
   driverName: "sqlite",
@@ -2385,16 +2709,7 @@ var sqliteTypeCast = {
     return JSON.stringify(val);
   },
   deserializeJson(val) {
-    if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
-    if (typeof val === "object") return val;
-    if (typeof val === "string") {
-      try {
-        return JSON.parse(val);
-      } catch {
-        return null;
-      }
-    }
-    return null;
+    return castToJson4(val);
   },
   serializeBooleanArray(val) {
     if (val === null || val === void 0) return null;
@@ -3475,512 +3790,142 @@ var MysqlDriver = class {
                   rowCount: rows.length
                 };
               }
-            }
-          }
-          const resultObj = result;
-          const rowCount = resultObj.affectedRows ?? 0;
-          this.logger.debug(`Retry succeeded in ${duration}ms, affected: ${rowCount}`);
-          return {
-            rows: [],
-            rowCount
-          };
-        } catch (retryError) {
-          this.logger.error(`Retry also failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, retryError);
-          throw retryError;
-        }
-      }
-      this.logger.error(`Query failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, error);
-      throw error;
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Execute a write query (uses writer pool if available)
-   */
-  async executeWrite(sql2, params = []) {
-    const conn = this.writerPool || this.pool;
-    const convertedSql = convertOnConflictToMysql(sql2);
-    const { sql: sqlWithoutReturning, hasReturning, returningCols } = removeReturning(convertedSql);
-    const convertedParams = convertParams2(params);
-    this.logger.debug(`SQL: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, convertedParams);
-    const startTime = Date.now();
-    try {
-      const [result] = await conn.query(sqlWithoutReturning, convertedParams);
-      const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
-      if (hasReturning) {
-        const resultObj2 = result;
-        const tableName = extractTableName(sql2);
-        if (tableName && sql2.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith("INSERT")) {
-          const insertId = resultObj2.insertId;
-          const affectedRows = resultObj2.affectedRows ?? 1;
-          if (affectedRows > 0 && insertId > 0) {
-            const cols = returningCols === "*" ? "*" : returningCols;
-            const selectSql = `SELECT ${cols} FROM ${tableName} WHERE id >= ? AND id < ?`;
-            const [selectResult] = await conn.query(selectSql, [insertId, insertId + affectedRows]);
-            const rows2 = selectResult;
-            this.logger.debug(`Insert completed in ${duration}ms, rows: ${rows2.length}`);
-            return {
-              rows: rows2,
-              rowCount: rows2.length
-            };
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      const resultObj = result;
-      const rowCount = resultObj.affectedRows ?? 0;
-      const rows = Array.isArray(result) ? result : [];
-      this.logger.debug(`Write completed in ${duration}ms, affected: ${rowCount}`);
-      return {
-        rows,
-        rowCount
-      };
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (isConnectionError(error)) {
-        this.logger.warn(`Connection error, retrying write: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`);
-        try {
-          const [result] = await conn.query(sqlWithoutReturning, convertedParams);
-          const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
-          if (hasReturning) {
-            const resultObj2 = result;
-            const tableName = extractTableName(sql2);
-            if (tableName && sql2.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith("INSERT")) {
-              const insertId = resultObj2.insertId;
-              const affectedRows = resultObj2.affectedRows ?? 1;
-              if (affectedRows > 0 && insertId > 0) {
-                const cols = returningCols === "*" ? "*" : returningCols;
-                const selectSql = `SELECT ${cols} FROM ${tableName} WHERE id >= ? AND id < ?`;
-                const [selectResult] = await conn.query(selectSql, [insertId, insertId + affectedRows]);
-                const rows2 = selectResult;
-                this.logger.debug(`Retry succeeded in ${duration}ms, rows: ${rows2.length}`);
-                return {
-                  rows: rows2,
-                  rowCount: rows2.length
-                };
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          const resultObj = result;
-          const rowCount = resultObj.affectedRows ?? 0;
-          const rows = Array.isArray(result) ? result : [];
-          this.logger.debug(`Retry succeeded in ${duration}ms, affected: ${rowCount}`);
-          return {
-            rows,
-            rowCount
-          };
-        } catch (retryError) {
-          this.logger.error(`Retry also failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, retryError);
-          throw retryError;
-        }
-      }
-      this.logger.error(`Write failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, error);
-      throw error;
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get a connection for transaction (uses writer pool if available)
-   */
-  async getConnection() {
-    const pool = this.writerPool || this.pool;
-    const connection = await pool.getConnection();
-    return new MysqlConnection(connection, this.logger);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Close all connections
-   */
-  async close() {
-    await closePool2(this.config);
-    if (this.writerConfig) {
-      await closePool2(this.writerConfig);
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Set logger
-   */
-  setLogger(logger) {
-    this.logger = logger;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get the underlying pool (for advanced use)
-   */
-  getPool() {
-    return this.pool;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get the underlying writer pool
-   */
-  getWriterPool() {
-    return this.writerPool;
-  }
-};
-
-// src/drivers/PostgresHelper.ts
-function castToDatetime2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (val instanceof Date) {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number") {
-    const date = new Date(val);
-    return isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function castToBoolean2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "boolean") {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    const lower = val.toLowerCase();
-    if (lower === "true" || lower === "t" || lower === "1") {
-      return true;
-    }
-    if (lower === "false" || lower === "f" || lower === "0") {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "number") {
-    return val !== 0;
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function castToIntegerArray2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => {
-      if (typeof v === "number") return v;
-      const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
-      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
-    });
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => {
-      const n = parseInt(v, 10);
-      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
-    });
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToNumericArray2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => {
-      if (v === null || v === void 0) return null;
-      if (typeof v === "number") return v;
-      const n = parseFloat(String(v));
-      return isNaN(n) ? null : n;
-    });
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => {
-      if (v === "NULL" || v === "") return null;
-      const n = parseFloat(v);
-      return isNaN(n) ? null : n;
-    });
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToStringArray2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => String(v));
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    return pgArrayParse(val);
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToBooleanArray2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => castToBoolean2(v));
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => castToBoolean2(v));
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToDatetimeArray2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => castToDatetime2(v));
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    return pgArrayParse(val).map((v) => castToDatetime2(v));
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToJson2(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "object") {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    try {
-      return JSON.parse(val);
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function pgArrayParse(literal) {
-  if (!literal || literal === "{}") {
-    return [];
-  }
-  let content = literal.trim();
-  if (content.startsWith("{") && content.endsWith("}")) {
-    content = content.slice(1, -1);
-  }
-  if (content === "") {
-    return [];
-  }
-  const result = [];
-  let current = "";
-  let inQuotes = false;
-  let escaped = false;
-  for (let i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
-    const char = content[i];
-    if (escaped) {
-      current += char;
-      escaped = false;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (char === "\\") {
-      escaped = true;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (char === '"') {
-      inQuotes = !inQuotes;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (char === "," && !inQuotes) {
-      result.push(current);
-      current = "";
-      continue;
-    }
-    current += char;
-  }
-  if (current !== "" || result.length > 0) {
-    result.push(current);
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-function formatSqlCast(placeholder, sqlCast) {
-  return `${placeholder}::${sqlCast}`;
-}
-
-// src/drivers/SqliteHelper.ts
-function castToDatetime3(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (val instanceof Date) {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number") {
-    const date = new Date(val);
-    return isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function castToBoolean3(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "boolean") {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "number") {
-    return val !== 0;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    const lower = val.toLowerCase();
-    if (lower === "true" || lower === "1") {
-      return true;
-    }
-    if (lower === "false" || lower === "0") {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function castToIntegerArray3(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => {
-      const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
-      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
-    });
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
-      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-        return parsed.map((v) => {
-          const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
-          return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
-        });
-      }
-    } catch {
-    }
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToStringArray3(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => String(v));
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
-      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-        return parsed.map((v) => String(v));
-      }
-    } catch {
-    }
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToJson3(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "object") {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    try {
-      return JSON.parse(val);
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function formatSqlCast2(placeholder, _sqlCast) {
-  return placeholder;
-}
-
-// src/drivers/MysqlHelper.ts
-function castToDatetime4(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (val instanceof Date) {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number") {
-    const date = new Date(val);
-    return isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function castToBoolean4(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "boolean") {
-    return val;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "number") {
-    return val !== 0;
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    const lower = val.toLowerCase();
-    if (lower === "true" || lower === "1") {
-      return true;
-    }
-    if (lower === "false" || lower === "0") {
-      return false;
+            }
+          }
+          const resultObj = result;
+          const rowCount = resultObj.affectedRows ?? 0;
+          this.logger.debug(`Retry succeeded in ${duration}ms, affected: ${rowCount}`);
+          return {
+            rows: [],
+            rowCount
+          };
+        } catch (retryError) {
+          this.logger.error(`Retry also failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, retryError);
+          throw retryError;
+        }
+      }
+      this.logger.error(`Query failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, error);
+      throw error;
     }
   }
-  if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
-    return val[0] !== 0;
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function castToIntegerArray4(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => {
-      const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
-      return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
-    });
-  }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
+  /**
+   * Execute a write query (uses writer pool if available)
+   */
+  async executeWrite(sql2, params = []) {
+    const conn = this.writerPool || this.pool;
+    const convertedSql = convertOnConflictToMysql(sql2);
+    const { sql: sqlWithoutReturning, hasReturning, returningCols } = removeReturning(convertedSql);
+    const convertedParams = convertParams2(params);
+    this.logger.debug(`SQL: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, convertedParams);
+    const startTime = Date.now();
     try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
-      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-        return parsed.map((v) => {
-          const n = parseInt(String(v), 10);
-          return isNaN(n) ? 0 : n;
-        });
+      const [result] = await conn.query(sqlWithoutReturning, convertedParams);
+      const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
+      if (hasReturning) {
+        const resultObj2 = result;
+        const tableName = extractTableName(sql2);
+        if (tableName && sql2.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith("INSERT")) {
+          const insertId = resultObj2.insertId;
+          const affectedRows = resultObj2.affectedRows ?? 1;
+          if (affectedRows > 0 && insertId > 0) {
+            const cols = returningCols === "*" ? "*" : returningCols;
+            const selectSql = `SELECT ${cols} FROM ${tableName} WHERE id >= ? AND id < ?`;
+            const [selectResult] = await conn.query(selectSql, [insertId, insertId + affectedRows]);
+            const rows2 = selectResult;
+            this.logger.debug(`Insert completed in ${duration}ms, rows: ${rows2.length}`);
+            return {
+              rows: rows2,
+              rowCount: rows2.length
+            };
+          }
+        }
       }
-    } catch {
+      const resultObj = result;
+      const rowCount = resultObj.affectedRows ?? 0;
+      const rows = Array.isArray(result) ? result : [];
+      this.logger.debug(`Write completed in ${duration}ms, affected: ${rowCount}`);
+      return {
+        rows,
+        rowCount
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isConnectionError(error)) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Connection error, retrying write: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`);
+        try {
+          const [result] = await conn.query(sqlWithoutReturning, convertedParams);
+          const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
+          if (hasReturning) {
+            const resultObj2 = result;
+            const tableName = extractTableName(sql2);
+            if (tableName && sql2.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith("INSERT")) {
+              const insertId = resultObj2.insertId;
+              const affectedRows = resultObj2.affectedRows ?? 1;
+              if (affectedRows > 0 && insertId > 0) {
+                const cols = returningCols === "*" ? "*" : returningCols;
+                const selectSql = `SELECT ${cols} FROM ${tableName} WHERE id >= ? AND id < ?`;
+                const [selectResult] = await conn.query(selectSql, [insertId, insertId + affectedRows]);
+                const rows2 = selectResult;
+                this.logger.debug(`Retry succeeded in ${duration}ms, rows: ${rows2.length}`);
+                return {
+                  rows: rows2,
+                  rowCount: rows2.length
+                };
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          const resultObj = result;
+          const rowCount = resultObj.affectedRows ?? 0;
+          const rows = Array.isArray(result) ? result : [];
+          this.logger.debug(`Retry succeeded in ${duration}ms, affected: ${rowCount}`);
+          return {
+            rows,
+            rowCount
+          };
+        } catch (retryError) {
+          this.logger.error(`Retry also failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, retryError);
+          throw retryError;
+        }
+      }
+      this.logger.error(`Write failed: ${sqlWithoutReturning}`, error);
+      throw error;
     }
   }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToStringArray4(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
-    return val.map((v) => String(v));
+  /**
+   * Get a connection for transaction (uses writer pool if available)
+   */
+  async getConnection() {
+    const pool = this.writerPool || this.pool;
+    const connection = await pool.getConnection();
+    return new MysqlConnection(connection, this.logger);
   }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(val);
-      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-        return parsed.map((v) => String(v));
-      }
-    } catch {
+  /**
+   * Close all connections
+   */
+  async close() {
+    await closePool2(this.config);
+    if (this.writerConfig) {
+      await closePool2(this.writerConfig);
     }
   }
-  return [];
-}
-function castToJson4(val) {
-  if (val === null || val === void 0) {
-    return null;
+  /**
+   * Set logger
+   */
+  setLogger(logger) {
+    this.logger = logger;
   }
-  if (typeof val === "object") {
-    return val;
+  /**
+   * Get the underlying pool (for advanced use)
+   */
+  getPool() {
+    return this.pool;
   }
-  if (typeof val === "string") {
-    try {
-      return JSON.parse(val);
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Get the underlying writer pool
+   */
+  getWriterPool() {
+    return this.writerPool;
   }
-  return null;
-}
-function formatSqlCast3(placeholder, _sqlCast) {
-  return placeholder;
-}
+};
 
 // src/drivers/index.ts
 function getSqlBuilder(driverType) {
@@ -4003,9 +3948,9 @@ function getSqlCastFormatter(driverType) {
     case "postgres":
       return (placeholder, sqlType) => formatSqlCast(placeholder, sqlType);
     case "sqlite":
-      return (placeholder, sqlType) => formatSqlCast2(placeholder, sqlType);
-    case "mysql":
       return (placeholder, sqlType) => formatSqlCast3(placeholder, sqlType);
+    case "mysql":
+      return (placeholder, sqlType) => formatSqlCast2(placeholder, sqlType);
     default:
       return (placeholder) => placeholder;
   }
@@ -5344,7 +5289,7 @@ function orderToString(order) {
   }
   return order.toString();
 }
-function createColumn(columnName, tableName, modelName, propertyName, sqlCast) {
+function createColumn(columnName, tableName, modelName, propertyName, sqlCast, serialize) {
   const fn = function() {
     return columnName;
   };
@@ -5379,6 +5324,11 @@ function createColumn(columnName, tableName, modelName, propertyName, sqlCast) {
     writable: false,
     enumerable: true
   });
+  Object.defineProperty(fn, "serialize", {
+    value: serialize,
+    writable: false,
+    enumerable: false
+  });
   if (sqlCast) {
     fn.eq = (value) => ({ [columnName]: new DBCast(value, sqlCast, "=") });
     fn.ne = (value) => ({ [columnName]: new DBCast(value, sqlCast, "!=") });
@@ -5525,7 +5475,12 @@ function createOrCond(condGroups) {
 function isOrCond(cond) {
   return typeof cond === "object" && cond !== null && "_type" in cond && cond._type === "or";
 }
-function condToKeyValue(cond) {
+function serializeCondValue(col, value, typeCast) {
+  const serialize = col.serialize;
+  if (serialize === void 0) return value;
+  return Array.isArray(value) ? value.map((v) => serialize(v, typeCast)) : serialize(value, typeCast);
+}
+function condToKeyValue(cond, typeCast) {
   if (cond.length === 1) {
     return [cond[0], true];
   }
@@ -5535,7 +5490,7 @@ function condToKeyValue(cond) {
   }
   if (Array.isArray(keyOrCol)) {
     const columns = keyOrCol;
-    const tuples = value;
+    const tuples = value.map((t) => t.map((v, i) => serializeCondValue(columns[i], v, typeCast)));
     const columnNames = columns.map((col2) => col2.columnName);
     return ["__tuple__", dbTupleIn(columnNames, tuples)];
   }
@@ -5550,13 +5505,14 @@ function condToKeyValue(cond) {
   if (value instanceof DBToken) {
     return [col.columnName, value];
   }
+  const bound = serializeCondValue(col, value, typeCast);
   if (sqlCast) {
-    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-      return [col.columnName, new DBCastArray(value, sqlCast)];
+    if (Array.isArray(bound)) {
+      return [col.columnName, new DBCastArray(bound, sqlCast)];
     }
-    return [col.columnName, new DBCast(value, sqlCast, "=")];
+    return [col.columnName, new DBCast(bound, sqlCast, "=")];
   }
-  return [col.columnName, value];
+  return [col.columnName, bound];
 }
 function sqlFragmentToKeyValue(frag) {
   if (frag.params.length === 0) {
@@ -5567,14 +5523,14 @@ function sqlFragmentToKeyValue(frag) {
   }
   return [frag.sql, [...frag.params]];
 }
-function condsToRecord(conditions) {
+function condsToRecord(conditions, typeCast) {
   const result = {};
   for (const cond of conditions) {
     if (cond === SKIP) {
       continue;
     }
     if (isOrCond(cond)) {
-      const orGroups = cond.conditions.map((group) => condsToRecord(group));
+      const orGroups = cond.conditions.map((group) => condsToRecord(group, typeCast));
       result["__or__"] = orGroups;
     } else if (isAnySqlFragment(cond)) {
       const kv = sqlFragmentToKeyValue(cond);
@@ -5583,7 +5539,7 @@ function condsToRecord(conditions) {
         result[key] = value;
       }
     } else {
-      const kv = condToKeyValue(cond);
+      const kv = condToKeyValue(cond, typeCast);
       if (kv === null) continue;
       const [key, value] = kv;
       result[key] = value;
@@ -6463,6 +6419,14 @@ function rejectNonText(family, val) {
   }
   return val;
 }
+function materializeString(family, v) {
+  if (v === void 0 || v === null) return v;
+  if (typeof v === "string") return v;
+  if (typeof v === "number" || typeof v === "bigint" || typeof v === "boolean") return String(v);
+  throw new Error(
+    `materialize ${family}: driver returned ${typeof v} for a ${family} column. Use @column.passthrough() for a BYTEA/BLOB column, or @column.json<T>() for JSON.`
+  );
+}
 function createColumnDecorator(typeCast, serialize, sqlCast, baseSqlType) {
   return function(columnNameOrOptions) {
     return function(targetOrValue, keyOrContext) {
@@ -6492,7 +6456,7 @@ function createColumnDecorator(typeCast, serialize, sqlCast, baseSqlType) {
 }
 function requireColumnFamily() {
   throw new Error(
-    "litedbmodel: `@column()` no longer declares a column \u2014 a column must state its type with a family: @column.text() / .number() / .boolean() / .bigint() / .datetime() / .date() / .uuid() / .json() / .stringArray() / .intArray() / .numericArray() / .booleanArray() / .datetimeArray() / .passthrough() / .custom(). Every family takes the same argument as `@column()` did (`@column.text('db_name')`, `@column.number({ primaryKey: true })`). The bare form inferred the type from `emitDecoratorMetadata`, which esbuild (tsx/vite/vitest) never emits and standard decorators do not have, so it silently produced untyped reads."
+    "litedbmodel: `@column()` no longer declares a column \u2014 a column must state its type with a family: @column.text() / .decimal() / .number() / .boolean() / .bigint() / .datetime() / .date() / .uuid() / .json() / .stringArray() / .intArray() / .numericArray() / .booleanArray() / .datetimeArray() / .passthrough() / .custom(). Every family takes the same argument as `@column()` did (`@column.text('db_name')`, `@column.number({ primaryKey: true })`). The bare form inferred the type from `emitDecoratorMetadata`, which esbuild (tsx/vite/vitest) never emits and standard decorators do not have, so it silently produced untyped reads."
   );
 }
 function serializeArray(val, typeCast) {
@@ -6545,17 +6509,8 @@ var column = Object.assign(
      * @example @column.text('user_name') name?: string;
      */
     text: (columnNameOrOptions) => createColumnDecorator(
-      // The family DECLARES `string`, so it must hand back one. Most drivers already do, but SQLite
-      // is dynamically typed: it returns a JS number for a `NUMERIC`/`DECIMAL` column whatever the
-      // declaration says, and the declared type would be a lie on that dialect alone.
-      (v) => {
-        if (v === void 0 || v === null) return v;
-        if (typeof v === "string") return v;
-        if (typeof v === "number" || typeof v === "bigint" || typeof v === "boolean") return String(v);
-        throw new Error(
-          `materialize text: driver returned ${typeof v} for a text column. Use @column.passthrough() for a BYTEA/BLOB column, or @column.json<T>() for JSON.`
-        );
-      },
+      (v) => materializeString("text", v),
+      // the family DECLARES `string`, so it hands back one
       (val) => rejectNonText("text", val),
       // …and it cannot SERIALIZE a Date or an object
       void 0,
@@ -6563,6 +6518,18 @@ var column = Object.assign(
       "TEXT"
       // §4.1 token: types the SCP typed read
     )(columnNameOrOptions),
+    /**
+     * Exact decimal type (NUMERIC / DECIMAL) — read back as its exact decimal STRING (a JS number
+     * rounds past 2^53). The family states the column is `numeric`, so a write binds the string as a
+     * numeric — a batch write (`createMany` / `updateMany`) included.
+     * @example @column.decimal() price?: string;
+     */
+    decimal: (columnNameOrOptions) => createColumnDecorator(
+      (v) => materializeString("decimal", v),
+      (val) => rejectNonText("decimal", val),
+      "numeric"
+      // sqlCast for WHERE / INSERT / batch-write type casting
+    )(columnNameOrOptions),
     /**
      * Boolean type conversion
      * Converts 't'/'f', 'true'/'false', 1/0 to boolean
@@ -6690,7 +6657,7 @@ var column = Object.assign(
       (v) => {
         if (v === void 0) return void 0;
         if (v === null) return null;
-        return castToStringArray(v);
+        return castToStringArray2(v);
       },
       serializeArray,
       "text[]"
@@ -6704,7 +6671,7 @@ var column = Object.assign(
       (v) => {
         if (v === void 0) return void 0;
         if (v === null) return null;
-        return castToIntegerArray(v);
+        return castToIntegerArray2(v);
       },
       serializeArray,
       "int[]"
@@ -6718,7 +6685,7 @@ var column = Object.assign(
       (v) => {
         if (v === void 0) return void 0;
         if (v === null) return null;
-        return castToNumericArray(v);
+        return castToNumericArray2(v);
       },
       serializeArray,
       "numeric[]"
@@ -6732,7 +6699,7 @@ var column = Object.assign(
       (v) => {
         if (v === void 0) return void 0;
         if (v === null) return null;
-        return castToBooleanArray(v);
+        return castToBooleanArray2(v);
       },
       serializeBooleanArray,
       "boolean[]"
@@ -6750,7 +6717,7 @@ var column = Object.assign(
       (v) => {
         if (v === void 0) return void 0;
         if (v === null) return null;
-        return castToDatetimeArray(v).map((d) => d === null ? null : materializeCell(d, "date"));
+        return castToDatetimeArray2(v).map((d) => d === null ? null : materializeCell(d, "date"));
       },
       // DateTime arrays serialize each Date to ISO string
       (val) => {
@@ -6773,7 +6740,7 @@ var column = Object.assign(
       (v) => {
         if (v === void 0) return void 0;
         if (v === null) return null;
-        return castToJson(v);
+        return castToJson2(v);
       },
       serializeJson,
       "jsonb"
@@ -6984,7 +6951,7 @@ function applyModelDecorator(constructor, members, tableName, options) {
   const effectiveTableName = tableName ?? modelName.toLowerCase();
   for (const [propKey, meta] of columns) {
     Object.defineProperty(constructor, propKey, {
-      value: createColumn(meta.columnName, effectiveTableName, modelName, propKey, meta.sqlCast),
+      value: createColumn(meta.columnName, effectiveTableName, modelName, propKey, meta.sqlCast, meta.serialize),
       writable: false,
       enumerable: true,
       configurable: false
@@ -7028,12 +6995,11 @@ function applyModelDecorator(constructor, members, tableName, options) {
         const keys = keysFactory();
         const { sourceKeys, targetKeys, targetModelName } = parseKeys(keys);
         const order = options2?.order ? orderToString(options2.order()) : null;
-        const conditions = options2?.where ? condsToRecord(options2.where()) : void 0;
         return this._loadRelation(type, targetModelName, {
           sourceKeys,
           targetKeys,
           order,
-          conditions,
+          where: options2?.where?.(),
           limit: options2?.limit,
           hardLimit: options2?.hardLimit,
           relationName: propertyKey
@@ -7164,18 +7130,23 @@ function serializeRecord(modelClass, record, typeCast) {
   if (serializeMap.size === 0) {
     return record;
   }
+  let result = record;
   for (const key of Object.keys(record)) {
     const serialize = serializeMap.get(key);
     if (serialize) {
-      record[key] = serialize(record[key], typeCast);
+      if (result === record) {
+        result = { ...record };
+      }
+      result[key] = serialize(record[key], typeCast);
     }
   }
-  return record;
+  return result;
 }
 
 // src/scp/decorator-adapter.ts
 var COLUMN_FAMILY_SQL_TYPE = {
   boolean: "BOOLEAN",
+  numeric: "NUMERIC",
   bigint: "BIGINT",
   timestamp: "TIMESTAMP",
   date: "DATE",
@@ -7328,23 +7299,6 @@ function createDriver(config, options) {
 }
 function getTypeCastForDriver(driverType) {
   if (driverType === "sqlite") {
-    return {
-      castToDatetime: castToDatetime3,
-      castToBoolean: castToBoolean3,
-      castToIntegerArray: castToIntegerArray3,
-      castToNumericArray: (val) => castToIntegerArray3(val).map((v) => v),
-      castToStringArray: castToStringArray3,
-      castToBooleanArray: (val) => {
-        const arr = castToStringArray3(val);
-        return arr.map((v) => castToBoolean3(v));
-      },
-      castToDatetimeArray: (val) => {
-        const arr = castToStringArray3(val);
-        return arr.map((v) => castToDatetime3(v));
-      },
-      castToJson: castToJson3
-    };
-  } else if (driverType === "mysql") {
     return {
       castToDatetime: castToDatetime4,
       castToBoolean: castToBoolean4,
@@ -7361,16 +7315,33 @@ function getTypeCastForDriver(driverType) {
       },
       castToJson: castToJson4
     };
+  } else if (driverType === "mysql") {
+    return {
+      castToDatetime: castToDatetime3,
+      castToBoolean: castToBoolean3,
+      castToIntegerArray: castToIntegerArray3,
+      castToNumericArray: (val) => castToIntegerArray3(val).map((v) => v),
+      castToStringArray: castToStringArray3,
+      castToBooleanArray: (val) => {
+        const arr = castToStringArray3(val);
+        return arr.map((v) => castToBoolean3(v));
+      },
+      castToDatetimeArray: (val) => {
+        const arr = castToStringArray3(val);
+        return arr.map((v) => castToDatetime3(v));
+      },
+      castToJson: castToJson3
+    };
   } else {
     return {
-      castToDatetime: castToDatetime2,
-      castToBoolean: castToBoolean2,
-      castToIntegerArray: castToIntegerArray2,
-      castToNumericArray: castToNumericArray2,
-      castToStringArray: castToStringArray2,
-      castToBooleanArray: castToBooleanArray2,
-      castToDatetimeArray: castToDatetimeArray2,
-      castToJson: castToJson2
+      castToDatetime,
+      castToBoolean,
+      castToIntegerArray,
+      castToNumericArray,
+      castToStringArray,
+      castToBooleanArray,
+      castToDatetimeArray,
+      castToJson
     };
   }
 }
@@ -8382,6 +8353,30 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
       return void 0;
     }
   }
+  /**
+   * A subquery's `[column, value]` conditions, each literal value bound the way the column's family
+   * writes it (see {@link _getConditionTypeCast}); a correlation reference passes through.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  static _subqueryConditions(conditions) {
+    const typeCast = this._getConditionTypeCast();
+    return conditions.map(([col, value]) => ({
+      column: col,
+      value: value instanceof DBToken ? value : serializeCondValue(col, value, typeCast)
+    }));
+  }
+  /**
+   * The driver's type cast a condition value binds with — the one a create / update serializes with.
+   * Returns undefined if DBHandler is not initialized, like {@link _getSqlCastFormatter}.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  static _getConditionTypeCast() {
+    try {
+      return getTypeCast2(this.getDriverType());
+    } catch {
+      return void 0;
+    }
+  }
   /**
    * Get a DBHandler instance for this model.
    * Connection priority:
@@ -8616,7 +8611,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
     }
     const normalizedCond = normalizeConditions(conditions);
     if (this.FIND_FILTER) {
-      const filterCondition = condsToRecord(this.FIND_FILTER);
+      const filterCondition = condsToRecord(this.FIND_FILTER, this._getConditionTypeCast());
       normalizedCond.add(filterCondition);
     }
     const formatter = this._getSqlCastFormatter();
@@ -8735,7 +8730,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
   /** Merge FIND_FILTER (the model's default filter) into a condition object (v1 `_buildSelectSQL` parity). */
   static _mergeFindFilter(conditions) {
     if (!this.FIND_FILTER) return conditions;
-    const filter = condsToRecord(this.FIND_FILTER);
+    const filter = condsToRecord(this.FIND_FILTER, this._getConditionTypeCast());
     return { ...conditions, ...filter };
   }
   /** Build model instances from raw rows, wiring the deferred relation context (v1 `query` parity). @internal */
@@ -8804,7 +8799,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
     }
     const normalizedCond = normalizeConditions(conditions);
     if (this.FIND_FILTER) {
-      const filterCondition = condsToRecord(this.FIND_FILTER);
+      const filterCondition = condsToRecord(this.FIND_FILTER, this._getConditionTypeCast());
       normalizedCond.add(filterCondition);
     }
     const formatter = this._getSqlCastFormatter();
@@ -9137,10 +9132,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
     const parentColumns = pairs.map((pair) => pair[0]);
     const selectColumns = pairs.map((pair) => pair[1]);
     const targetTableName = selectColumns[0]?.tableName ?? "";
-    const subqueryConditions = conditions.map(([col, value]) => ({
-      column: col,
-      value
-    }));
+    const subqueryConditions = this._subqueryConditions(conditions);
     return ["__subquery__", new DBSubquery(parentColumns, targetTableName, selectColumns, subqueryConditions, "IN")];
   }
   /**
@@ -9176,10 +9168,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
     const parentColumns = pairs.map((pair) => pair[0]);
     const selectColumns = pairs.map((pair) => pair[1]);
     const targetTableName = selectColumns[0]?.tableName ?? "";
-    const subqueryConditions = conditions.map(([col, value]) => ({
-      column: col,
-      value
-    }));
+    const subqueryConditions = this._subqueryConditions(conditions);
     return ["__subquery__", new DBSubquery(parentColumns, targetTableName, selectColumns, subqueryConditions, "NOT IN")];
   }
   /**
@@ -9207,10 +9196,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
    */
   static exists(conditions) {
     const targetTableName = conditions[0]?.[0]?.tableName ?? "";
-    const subqueryConditions = conditions.map(([col, value]) => ({
-      column: col,
-      value
-    }));
+    const subqueryConditions = this._subqueryConditions(conditions);
     return ["__exists__", new DBExists(targetTableName, subqueryConditions, false)];
   }
   /**
@@ -9237,10 +9223,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
    */
   static notExists(conditions) {
     const targetTableName = conditions[0]?.[0]?.tableName ?? "";
-    const subqueryConditions = conditions.map(([col, value]) => ({
-      column: col,
-      value
-    }));
+    const subqueryConditions = this._subqueryConditions(conditions);
     return ["__exists__", new DBExists(targetTableName, subqueryConditions, true)];
   }
   // ============================================
@@ -9491,7 +9474,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
     }
     const relationConfig = {
       targetClass: TargetClass,
-      conditions: config.conditions,
+      conditions: config.where ? condsToRecord(config.where, TargetClass._getConditionTypeCast()) : void 0,
       order: config.order,
       limit: config.limit,
       hardLimit: config.hardLimit,
@@ -9788,7 +9771,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
    */
   static find(conditions, options) {
     const core = async (conds, opts) => {
-      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds);
+      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds, this._getConditionTypeCast());
       const hardLimit = _DBModel._limitConfig.findHardLimit;
       const shouldCheckLimit = hardLimit != null && !opts?.limit;
       const effectiveOpts = shouldCheckLimit ? { ...opts, limit: hardLimit + 1 } : opts;
@@ -9822,7 +9805,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
    */
   static findOne(conditions, options) {
     const core = async (conds, opts) => {
-      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds);
+      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds, this._getConditionTypeCast());
       const results = await this._select(conditionRecord, { ...opts, limit: 1 });
       return results.length > 0 ? results[0] : null;
     };
@@ -9900,7 +9883,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
    */
   static count(conditions) {
     const core = async (conds) => {
-      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds);
+      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds, this._getConditionTypeCast());
       return this._count(conditionRecord);
     };
     return this._applyMiddleware("count", core, [conditions]);
@@ -10034,7 +10017,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
    */
   static update(conditions, values, options) {
     const core = async (conds, vals, opts) => {
-      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds);
+      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds, this._getConditionTypeCast());
       const valueRecord = pairsToRecord(vals);
       if (!opts?.returning) {
         await this._update(conditionRecord, valueRecord, {});
@@ -10086,7 +10069,7 @@ var DBModel = class _DBModel {
    */
   static delete(conditions, options) {
     const core = async (conds, opts) => {
-      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds);
+      const conditionRecord = condsToRecord(conds, this._getConditionTypeCast());
       if (!opts?.returning) {
         await this._delete(conditionRecord, {});
         return null;