linked-list-typed 1.38.0 → 1.38.1

package/src/data-structures/binary-tree/tree-multiset.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+/**
+ * data-structure-typed
+ *
+ * @author Tyler Zeng
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2022 Tyler Zeng <zrwusa@gmail.com>
+ * @license MIT License
+ */
+import type {BinaryTreeNodeKey, TreeMultisetNodeNested, TreeMultisetOptions} from '../../types';
+import {BinaryTreeDeletedResult, CP, FamilyPosition, IterationType} from '../../types';
+import {IBinaryTree} from '../../interfaces';
+import {AVLTree, AVLTreeNode} from './avl-tree';
+
+export class TreeMultisetNode<
+  V = any,
+  FAMILY extends TreeMultisetNode<V, FAMILY> = TreeMultisetNodeNested<V>
+> extends AVLTreeNode<V, FAMILY> {
+  count: number;
+
+  /**
+   * The constructor function initializes a BinaryTreeNode object with a key, value, and count.
+   * @param {BinaryTreeNodeKey} key - The `key` parameter is of type `BinaryTreeNodeKey` and represents the unique identifier
+   * of the binary tree node.
+   * @param {V} [val] - The `val` parameter is an optional parameter of type `V`. It represents the value of the binary
+   * tree node. If no value is provided, it will be `undefined`.
+   * @param {number} [count=1] - The `count` parameter is a number that represents the number of times a particular value
+   * occurs in a binary tree node. It has a default value of 1, which means that if no value is provided for the `count`
+   * parameter when creating a new instance of the `BinaryTreeNode` class.
+   */
+  constructor(key: BinaryTreeNodeKey, val?: V, count = 1) {
+    super(key, val);
+    this.count = count;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The only distinction between a TreeMultiset and a AVLTree lies in the ability of the former to store duplicate nodes through the utilization of counters.
+ */
+export class TreeMultiset<N extends TreeMultisetNode<N['val'], N> = TreeMultisetNode>
+  extends AVLTree<N>
+  implements IBinaryTree<N>
+{
+  /**
+   * The constructor function for a TreeMultiset class in TypeScript, which extends another class and sets an option to
+   * merge duplicated values.
+   * @param {TreeMultisetOptions} [options] - An optional object that contains additional configuration options for the
+   * TreeMultiset.
+   */
+  constructor(options?: TreeMultisetOptions) {
+    super(options);
+  }
+
+  private _count = 0;
+
+  get count(): number {
+    return this._count;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The function creates a new BSTNode with the given key, value, and count.
+   * @param {BinaryTreeNodeKey} key - The key parameter is the unique identifier for the binary tree node. It is used to
+   * distinguish one node from another in the tree.
+   * @param {N} val - The `val` parameter represents the value that will be stored in the binary search tree node.
+   * @param {number} [count] - The "count" parameter is an optional parameter of type number. It represents the number of
+   * occurrences of the value in the binary search tree node. If not provided, the count will default to 1.
+   * @returns A new instance of the BSTNode class with the specified key, value, and count (if provided).
+   */
+  override createNode(key: BinaryTreeNodeKey, val?: N['val'], count?: number): N {
+    return new TreeMultisetNode(key, val, count) as N;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The `add` function adds a new node to a binary search tree, updating the count if the key already
+   * exists, and balancing the tree if necessary.
+   * @param {BinaryTreeNodeKey | N | null} keyOrNode - The `keyOrNode` parameter can be either a
+   * `BinaryTreeNodeKey` (which represents the key of the node to be added), a `N` (which represents a
+   * node to be added), or `null` (which represents a null node).
+   * @param [val] - The `val` parameter represents the value associated with the key that is being
+   * added to the binary tree.
+   * @param [count=1] - The `count` parameter represents the number of occurrences of the key/value
+   * pair that will be added to the binary tree. It has a default value of 1, which means that if no
+   * count is specified, the default count will be 1.
+   * @returns The function `add` returns a value of type `N | null | undefined`.
+   */
+  override add(keyOrNode: BinaryTreeNodeKey | N | null, val?: N['val'], count = 1): N | null | undefined {
+    let inserted: N | null | undefined = undefined,
+      newNode: N | null;
+    if (keyOrNode instanceof TreeMultisetNode) {
+      newNode = this.createNode(keyOrNode.key, keyOrNode.val, keyOrNode.count);
+    } else if (keyOrNode === null) {
+      newNode = null;
+    } else {
+      newNode = this.createNode(keyOrNode, val, count);
+    }
+    if (!this.root) {
+      this._setRoot(newNode);
+      this._setSize(this.size + 1);
+      newNode && this._setCount(this.count + newNode.count);
+      inserted = this.root;
+    } else {
+      let cur = this.root;
+      let traversing = true;
+      while (traversing) {
+        if (cur) {
+          if (newNode) {
+            if (this._compare(cur.key, newNode.key) === CP.eq) {
+              cur.val = newNode.val;
+              cur.count += newNode.count;
+              this._setCount(this.count + newNode.count);
+              traversing = false;
+              inserted = cur;
+            } else if (this._compare(cur.key, newNode.key) === CP.gt) {
+              // Traverse left of the node
+              if (cur.left === undefined) {
+                //Add to the left of the current node
+                cur.left = newNode;
+                this._setSize(this.size + 1);
+                this._setCount(this.count + newNode.count);
+
+                traversing = false;
+                inserted = cur.left;
+              } else {
+                //Traverse the left of the current node
+                if (cur.left) cur = cur.left;
+              }
+            } else if (this._compare(cur.key, newNode.key) === CP.lt) {
+              // Traverse right of the node
+              if (cur.right === undefined) {
+                //Add to the right of the current node
+                cur.right = newNode;
+                this._setSize(this.size + 1);
+                this._setCount(this.count + newNode.count);
+
+                traversing = false;
+                inserted = cur.right;
+              } else {
+                //Traverse the left of the current node
+                if (cur.right) cur = cur.right;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            // TODO may need to support null inserted
+          }
+        } else {
+          traversing = false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (inserted) this._balancePath(inserted);
+    return inserted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The function adds a new node to a binary tree if there is an available slot in the parent node.
+   * @param {N | null} newNode - The `newNode` parameter represents the node that needs to be added to
+   * the tree. It can be either a node object (`N`) or `null`.
+   * @param {N} parent - The `parent` parameter represents the parent node to which the new node will
+   * be added as a child.
+   * @returns The method `_addTo` returns either the `parent.left`, `parent.right`, or `undefined`.
+   */
+  override _addTo(newNode: N | null, parent: N): N | null | undefined {
+    if (parent) {
+      if (parent.left === undefined) {
+        parent.left = newNode;
+        if (newNode !== null) {
+          this._setSize(this.size + 1);
+          this._setCount(this.count + newNode.count);
+        }
+
+        return parent.left;
+      } else if (parent.right === undefined) {
+        parent.right = newNode;
+        if (newNode !== null) {
+          this._setSize(this.size + 1);
+          this._setCount(this.count + newNode.count);
+        }
+        return parent.right;
+      } else {
+        return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The `addMany` function adds multiple keys or nodes to a TreeMultiset and returns an array of the
+   * inserted nodes.
+   * @param {(BinaryTreeNodeKey | null)[] | (N | null)[]} keysOrNodes - An array of keys or nodes to be
+   * added to the multiset. Each element can be either a BinaryTreeNodeKey or a TreeMultisetNode.
+   * @param {N['val'][]} [data] - The `data` parameter is an optional array of values that correspond
+   * to the keys or nodes being added to the multiset. It is used to associate additional data with
+   * each key or node.
+   * @returns The function `addMany` returns an array of `N`, `null`, or `undefined` values.
+   */
+  override addMany(
+    keysOrNodes: (BinaryTreeNodeKey | null)[] | (N | null)[],
+    data?: N['val'][]
+  ): (N | null | undefined)[] {
+    const inserted: (N | null | undefined)[] = [];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < keysOrNodes.length; i++) {
+      const keyOrNode = keysOrNodes[i];
+
+      if (keyOrNode instanceof TreeMultisetNode) {
+        inserted.push(this.add(keyOrNode.key, keyOrNode.val, keyOrNode.count));
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (keyOrNode === null) {
+        inserted.push(this.add(NaN, null, 0));
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      inserted.push(this.add(keyOrNode, data?.[i], 1));
+    }
+    return inserted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The `perfectlyBalance` function in TypeScript takes a sorted array of nodes and builds a balanced
+   * binary search tree using either a recursive or iterative approach.
+   * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional parameter that specifies the
+   * type of iteration to use when building a balanced binary search tree. It can have two possible
+   * values:
+   * @returns a boolean value.
+   */
+  override perfectlyBalance(iterationType = this.iterationType): boolean {
+    const sorted = this.dfs(node => node, 'in'),
+      n = sorted.length;
+    if (sorted.length < 1) return false;
+
+    this.clear();
+
+    if (iterationType === IterationType.RECURSIVE) {
+      const buildBalanceBST = (l: number, r: number) => {
+        if (l > r) return;
+        const m = l + Math.floor((r - l) / 2);
+        const midNode = sorted[m];
+        this.add(midNode.key, midNode.val, midNode.count);
+        buildBalanceBST(l, m - 1);
+        buildBalanceBST(m + 1, r);
+      };
+
+      buildBalanceBST(0, n - 1);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      const stack: [[number, number]] = [[0, n - 1]];
+      while (stack.length > 0) {
+        const popped = stack.pop();
+        if (popped) {
+          const [l, r] = popped;
+          if (l <= r) {
+            const m = l + Math.floor((r - l) / 2);
+            const midNode = sorted[m];
+            this.add(midNode.key, midNode.val, midNode.count);
+            stack.push([m + 1, r]);
+            stack.push([l, m - 1]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The `delete` function in a binary search tree deletes a node from the tree and returns the deleted
+   * node along with the parent node that needs to be balanced.
+   * @param {N | BinaryTreeNodeKey} nodeOrKey - The `nodeOrKey` parameter can be either a node object
+   * (`N`) or a key value (`BinaryTreeNodeKey`). It represents the node or key that needs to be deleted
+   * from the binary tree.
+   * @param [ignoreCount=false] - A boolean flag indicating whether to ignore the count of the node
+   * being deleted. If set to true, the count of the node will not be considered and the node will be
+   * deleted regardless of its count. If set to false (default), the count of the node will be
+   * decremented by 1 and
+   * @returns The method `delete` returns an array of `BinaryTreeDeletedResult<N>` objects.
+   */
+  override delete(nodeOrKey: N | BinaryTreeNodeKey, ignoreCount = false): BinaryTreeDeletedResult<N>[] {
+    const bstDeletedResult: BinaryTreeDeletedResult<N>[] = [];
+    if (!this.root) return bstDeletedResult;
+
+    const curr: N | null = this.get(nodeOrKey);
+    if (!curr) return bstDeletedResult;
+
+    const parent: N | null = curr?.parent ? curr.parent : null;
+    let needBalanced: N | null = null,
+      orgCurrent = curr;
+
+    if (curr.count > 1 && !ignoreCount) {
+      curr.count--;
+      this._setCount(this.count - 1);
+    } else {
+      if (!curr.left) {
+        if (!parent) {
+          if (curr.right !== undefined) this._setRoot(curr.right);
+        } else {
+          const {familyPosition: fp} = curr;
+          if (fp === FamilyPosition.LEFT || fp === FamilyPosition.ROOT_LEFT) {
+            parent.left = curr.right;
+          } else if (fp === FamilyPosition.RIGHT || fp === FamilyPosition.ROOT_RIGHT) {
+            parent.right = curr.right;
+          }
+          needBalanced = parent;
+        }
+      } else {
+        const leftSubTreeRightMost = curr.left ? this.getRightMost(curr.left) : null;
+        if (leftSubTreeRightMost) {
+          const parentOfLeftSubTreeMax = leftSubTreeRightMost.parent;
+          orgCurrent = this._swap(curr, leftSubTreeRightMost);
+          if (parentOfLeftSubTreeMax) {
+            if (parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.right === leftSubTreeRightMost) {
+              parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.right = leftSubTreeRightMost.left;
+            } else {
+              parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.left = leftSubTreeRightMost.left;
+            }
+            needBalanced = parentOfLeftSubTreeMax;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      this._setSize(this.size - 1);
+      // TODO How to handle when the count of target node is lesser than current node's count
+      this._setCount(this.count - orgCurrent.count);
+    }
+
+    bstDeletedResult.push({deleted: orgCurrent, needBalanced});
+
+    if (needBalanced) {
+      this._balancePath(needBalanced);
+    }
+
+    return bstDeletedResult;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The clear() function clears the contents of a data structure and sets the count to zero.
+   */
+  clear() {
+    super.clear();
+    this._setCount(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The function swaps the values of two nodes in a binary tree.
+   * @param {N} srcNode - The source node that needs to be swapped with the destination node.
+   * @param {N} destNode - The `destNode` parameter represents the destination node where the values
+   * from `srcNode` will be swapped into.
+   * @returns The method is returning the `destNode` after swapping its properties with the `srcNode`.
+   */
+  protected override _swap(srcNode: N, destNode: N): N {
+    const {key, val, count, height} = destNode;
+    const tempNode = this.createNode(key, val, count);
+    if (tempNode) {
+      tempNode.height = height;
+
+      destNode.key = srcNode.key;
+      destNode.val = srcNode.val;
+      destNode.count = srcNode.count;
+      destNode.height = srcNode.height;
+
+      srcNode.key = tempNode.key;
+      srcNode.val = tempNode.val;
+      srcNode.count = tempNode.count;
+      srcNode.height = tempNode.height;
+    }
+
+    return destNode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The function sets the value of the "_count" property.
+   * @param {number} v - number
+   */
+  protected _setCount(v: number) {
+    this._count = v;
+  }
+}