librats 0.5.0 → 0.5.2

package/native-src/src/librats.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1732 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "socket.h"
+#include "dht.h"
+#include "stun.h"
+#include "mdns.h"
+#include "ice.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "encrypted_socket.h"
+#include "threadmanager.h"
+#include "gossipsub.h" // For ValidationResult enum and GossipSub types
+#include "file_transfer.h" // File transfer functionality
+#ifdef RATS_SEARCH_FEATURES
+#include "bittorrent.h" // BitTorrent functionality (optional, requires RATS_SEARCH_FEATURES)
+#endif
+#include "json.hpp" // nlohmann::json
+#include <string>
+#include <functional>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <unordered_set> // Added for unordered_set
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include "rats_export.h"
+
+namespace librats {
+
+// Forward declarations
+class IceAgent;
+
+/**
+ * RatsPeer struct - comprehensive information about a connected rats peer
+ */
+struct RatsPeer {
+    std::string peer_id;                    // Unique hash ID for the peer
+    std::string ip;                         // IP address
+    uint16_t port;                          // Port number  
+    socket_t socket;                        // Socket handle
+    std::string normalized_address;         // Normalized address for duplicate detection (ip:port)
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point connected_at; // Connection timestamp
+    bool is_outgoing;                       // True if we initiated the connection, false if incoming
+    
+    // Handshake-related fields
+    enum class HandshakeState {
+        PENDING,        // Handshake not started
+        SENT,          // Handshake sent, waiting for response
+        COMPLETED,     // Handshake completed successfully
+        FAILED         // Handshake failed
+    };
+    
+    HandshakeState handshake_state;         // Current handshake state
+    std::string version;                    // Protocol version of remote peer
+    int peer_count;                         // Number of peers connected to remote peer
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point handshake_start_time; // When handshake started
+    
+    // Encryption-related fields
+    bool encryption_enabled;                // Whether encryption is enabled for this peer
+    bool noise_handshake_completed;         // Whether noise handshake is completed
+    NoiseKey remote_static_key;             // Remote peer's static public key (after handshake)
+    
+    // NAT traversal fields
+    bool ice_enabled;                       // Whether ICE is enabled for this peer
+    std::string ice_ufrag;                  // ICE username fragment
+    std::string ice_pwd;                    // ICE password
+    std::vector<IceCandidate> ice_candidates; // ICE candidates for this peer
+    IceConnectionState ice_state;           // Current ICE connection state
+    NatType detected_nat_type;              // Detected NAT type for this peer
+    std::string connection_method;          // How connection was established (direct, stun, turn, ice)
+    
+    // Connection quality metrics
+    uint32_t rtt_ms;                        // Round-trip time in milliseconds
+    uint32_t packet_loss_percent;           // Packet loss percentage
+    std::string transport_protocol;         // UDP, TCP, etc.
+    
+    RatsPeer() : handshake_state(HandshakeState::PENDING), 
+                 peer_count(0), encryption_enabled(false), noise_handshake_completed(false),
+                 ice_enabled(false), ice_state(IceConnectionState::NEW),
+                 detected_nat_type(NatType::UNKNOWN), rtt_ms(0), packet_loss_percent(0),
+                 transport_protocol("UDP") {
+        connected_at = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        handshake_start_time = connected_at;
+    }
+    
+    RatsPeer(const std::string& id, const std::string& peer_ip, uint16_t peer_port, 
+             socket_t sock, const std::string& norm_addr, bool outgoing)
+        : peer_id(id), ip(peer_ip), port(peer_port), socket(sock), 
+          normalized_address(norm_addr), is_outgoing(outgoing),
+          handshake_state(HandshakeState::PENDING), peer_count(0),
+          encryption_enabled(false), noise_handshake_completed(false),
+          ice_enabled(false), ice_state(IceConnectionState::NEW),
+          detected_nat_type(NatType::UNKNOWN), rtt_ms(0), packet_loss_percent(0),
+          transport_protocol("UDP") {
+        connected_at = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        handshake_start_time = connected_at;
+    }
+    
+    // Helper methods
+    bool is_handshake_completed() const { return handshake_state == HandshakeState::COMPLETED; }
+    bool is_handshake_failed() const { return handshake_state == HandshakeState::FAILED; }
+    bool is_ice_connected() const { 
+        return ice_state == IceConnectionState::CONNECTED || 
+               ice_state == IceConnectionState::COMPLETED; 
+    }
+    bool is_fully_connected() const {
+        return is_handshake_completed() && (!ice_enabled || is_ice_connected());
+    }
+};
+
+// NAT Traversal Configuration
+struct NatTraversalConfig {
+    bool enable_ice;                        // Enable ICE for NAT traversal
+    bool enable_upnp;                       // Enable UPnP for port mapping
+    bool enable_hole_punching;              // Enable UDP/TCP hole punching
+    bool enable_turn_relay;                 // Enable TURN relay as last resort
+    bool prefer_ipv6;                       // Prefer IPv6 connections when available
+    
+    // ICE configuration
+    std::vector<std::string> stun_servers;
+    std::vector<std::string> turn_servers;
+    std::vector<std::string> turn_usernames;
+    std::vector<std::string> turn_passwords;
+    
+    // Timeouts and limits
+    int ice_gathering_timeout_ms;
+    int ice_connectivity_timeout_ms;
+    int hole_punch_attempts;
+    int turn_allocation_timeout_ms;
+    
+    // Priority settings
+    int host_candidate_priority;
+    int server_reflexive_priority;
+    int relay_candidate_priority;
+    
+    NatTraversalConfig() 
+        : enable_ice(true), enable_upnp(false), enable_hole_punching(true),
+          enable_turn_relay(true), prefer_ipv6(false),
+          ice_gathering_timeout_ms(10000), ice_connectivity_timeout_ms(30000),
+          hole_punch_attempts(5), turn_allocation_timeout_ms(10000),
+          host_candidate_priority(65535), server_reflexive_priority(65534),
+          relay_candidate_priority(65533) {
+        
+        // Default STUN servers
+        stun_servers.push_back("stun.l.google.com:19302");
+        stun_servers.push_back("stun1.l.google.com:19302");
+        stun_servers.push_back("stun.stunprotocol.org:3478");
+    }
+};
+
+// Connection establishment strategies
+enum class ConnectionStrategy {
+    DIRECT_ONLY,        // Try direct connection only
+    STUN_ASSISTED,      // Use STUN for public IP discovery
+    ICE_FULL,           // Full ICE with candidate gathering
+    TURN_RELAY,         // Force TURN relay usage
+    AUTO_ADAPTIVE       // Automatically choose best strategy
+};
+
+// Connection attempt result
+struct ConnectionAttemptResult {
+    bool success;
+    std::string method;                     // "direct", "stun", "ice", "turn", "hole_punch"
+    std::chrono::milliseconds duration;
+    std::string error_message;
+    NatType local_nat_type;
+    NatType remote_nat_type;
+    std::vector<IceCandidate> used_candidates;
+};
+
+// Enhanced connection callbacks
+using AdvancedConnectionCallback = std::function<void(socket_t, const std::string&, const ConnectionAttemptResult&)>;
+using NatTraversalProgressCallback = std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::string&)>; // peer_id, status
+using IceCandidateDiscoveredCallback = std::function<void(const std::string&, const IceCandidate&)>; // peer_id, candidate
+
+/**
+ * Message data types for librats message headers
+ */
+enum class MessageDataType : uint8_t {
+    BINARY = 0x01,      // Raw binary data
+    STRING = 0x02,      // UTF-8 string data  
+    JSON = 0x03         // JSON formatted data
+};
+
+/**
+ * Message header structure for librats messages
+ * Fixed 8-byte header format:
+ * [0-3]: Magic number "RATS" (4 bytes)
+ * [4]: Message data type (1 byte)
+ * [5-7]: Reserved for future use (3 bytes)
+ */
+struct MessageHeader {
+    static constexpr uint32_t MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x52415453; // "RATS" in ASCII
+    static constexpr size_t HEADER_SIZE = 8;
+    
+    uint32_t magic;         // Magic number for validation
+    MessageDataType type;   // Message data type
+    uint8_t reserved[3];    // Reserved bytes for future use
+    
+    MessageHeader(MessageDataType data_type) : magic(MAGIC_NUMBER), type(data_type) {
+        reserved[0] = reserved[1] = reserved[2] = 0;
+    }
+    
+    MessageHeader() : magic(MAGIC_NUMBER), type(MessageDataType::BINARY) {
+        reserved[0] = reserved[1] = reserved[2] = 0;
+    }
+    
+    // Serialize header to bytes
+    std::vector<uint8_t> serialize() const {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data(HEADER_SIZE);
+        uint32_t network_magic = htonl(magic);
+        memcpy(data.data(), &network_magic, 4);
+        data[4] = static_cast<uint8_t>(type);
+        data[5] = reserved[0];
+        data[6] = reserved[1]; 
+        data[7] = reserved[2];
+        return data;
+    }
+    
+    // Deserialize header from bytes
+    static bool deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, MessageHeader& header) {
+        if (data.size() < HEADER_SIZE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        uint32_t network_magic;
+        memcpy(&network_magic, data.data(), 4);
+        header.magic = ntohl(network_magic);
+        
+        if (header.magic != MAGIC_NUMBER) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        header.type = static_cast<MessageDataType>(data[4]);
+        header.reserved[0] = data[5];
+        header.reserved[1] = data[6];
+        header.reserved[2] = data[7];
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    // Validate data type
+    bool is_valid_type() const {
+        return type == MessageDataType::BINARY || 
+               type == MessageDataType::STRING || 
+               type == MessageDataType::JSON;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Enhanced RatsClient with comprehensive NAT traversal capabilities
+ */
+class RATS_API RatsClient : public ThreadManager {
+public:
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Type Definitions and Callbacks
+    // =========================================================================
+    using ConnectionCallback = std::function<void(socket_t, const std::string&)>;
+    using BinaryDataCallback = std::function<void(socket_t, const std::string&, const std::vector<uint8_t>&)>;
+    using StringDataCallback = std::function<void(socket_t, const std::string&, const std::string&)>;
+    using JsonDataCallback = std::function<void(socket_t, const std::string&, const nlohmann::json&)>;
+    using DisconnectCallback = std::function<void(socket_t, const std::string&)>;
+    using MessageCallback = std::function<void(const std::string&, const nlohmann::json&)>;
+    using SendCallback = std::function<void(bool, const std::string&)>;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Constructor and Destructor
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * @param listen_port Port to listen on for incoming connections
+     * @param max_peers Maximum number of concurrent peers (default: 10)
+     * @param nat_config NAT traversal configuration
+     * @param bind_address Interface IP address to bind to (empty for all interfaces)
+     */
+    RatsClient(int listen_port, int max_peers = 10, const NatTraversalConfig& nat_config = NatTraversalConfig(), const std::string& bind_address = "");
+    
+    /**
+     * Destructor
+     */
+    ~RatsClient();
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Core Lifecycle Management
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Start the RatsClient and begin listening for connections
+     * @return true if successful, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool start();
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the RatsClient and close all connections
+     */
+    void stop();
+
+    /**
+     * Shutdown all background threads
+     */
+    void shutdown_all_threads();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the client is currently running
+     * @return true if running, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool is_running() const;
+
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Utility Methods
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    int get_listen_port() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the bind address being used
+     * @return Bind address (empty string if binding to all interfaces)
+     */
+    std::string get_bind_address() const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Connection Management
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Connect to a peer with automatic NAT traversal
+     * @param host Target host/IP address
+     * @param port Target port
+     * @param strategy Connection strategy to use
+     * @return true if connection initiated successfully
+     */
+    bool connect_to_peer(const std::string& host, int port, 
+                        ConnectionStrategy strategy = ConnectionStrategy::AUTO_ADAPTIVE);
+    
+    /**
+     * Connect to a peer using ICE coordination
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param ice_offer ICE offer from remote peer
+     * @return true if ICE connection initiated successfully
+     */
+    bool connect_with_ice(const std::string& peer_id, const nlohmann::json& ice_offer);
+    
+    /**
+     * Create ICE offer for a peer
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @return ICE offer JSON that can be sent to the peer
+     */
+    nlohmann::json create_ice_offer(const std::string& peer_id);
+    
+    /**
+     * Handle ICE answer from a peer
+     * @param peer_id Source peer ID
+     * @param ice_answer ICE answer from the peer
+     * @return true if successfully processed
+     */
+    bool handle_ice_answer(const std::string& peer_id, const nlohmann::json& ice_answer);
+    
+    /**
+     * Disconnect from a specific peer
+     * @param socket Peer socket to disconnect
+     */
+    void disconnect_peer(socket_t socket);
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect from a peer by peer_id (preferred)
+     * @param peer_id Peer ID to disconnect
+     */
+    void disconnect_peer_by_id(const std::string& peer_id);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Data Transmission Methods
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    // Send to specific peer by socket
+    /**
+     * Send binary data to a specific peer (primary method)
+     * @param socket Target peer socket
+     * @param data Binary data to send
+     * @param message_type Type of message data (BINARY, STRING, JSON)
+     * @return true if sent successfully
+     */
+    bool send_binary_to_peer(socket_t socket, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, MessageDataType message_type = MessageDataType::BINARY);
+
+    /**
+     * Send string data to a specific peer
+     * @param socket Target peer socket
+     * @param data String data to send
+     * @return true if sent successfully
+     */
+    bool send_string_to_peer(socket_t socket, const std::string& data);
+
+    /**
+     * Send JSON data to a specific peer
+     * @param socket Target peer socket
+     * @param data JSON data to send
+     * @return true if sent successfully
+     */
+    bool send_json_to_peer(socket_t socket, const nlohmann::json& data);
+
+    // Send to specific peer by ID
+    /**
+     * Send binary data to a peer by peer_id (preferred)
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param data Binary data to send
+     * @param message_type Type of message data (BINARY, STRING, JSON)
+     * @return true if sent successfully
+     */
+    bool send_binary_to_peer_id(const std::string& peer_id, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, MessageDataType message_type = MessageDataType::BINARY);
+
+    /**
+     * Send string data to a peer by peer_id (preferred)
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param data String data to send
+     * @return true if sent successfully
+     */
+    bool send_string_to_peer_id(const std::string& peer_id, const std::string& data);
+
+    /**
+     * Send JSON data to a peer by peer_id (preferred)
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param data JSON data to send
+     * @return true if sent successfully
+     */
+    bool send_json_to_peer_id(const std::string& peer_id, const nlohmann::json& data);
+
+    // Broadcast to all peers
+    /**
+     * Broadcast binary data to all connected peers (primary method)
+     * @param data Binary data to broadcast
+     * @param message_type Type of message data (BINARY, STRING, JSON)
+     * @return Number of peers the data was sent to
+     */
+    int broadcast_binary_to_peers(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, MessageDataType message_type = MessageDataType::BINARY);
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast string data to all connected peers
+     * @param data String data to broadcast
+     * @return Number of peers the data was sent to
+     */
+    int broadcast_string_to_peers(const std::string& data);
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast JSON data to all connected peers
+     * @param data JSON data to broadcast
+     * @return Number of peers the data was sent to
+     */
+    int broadcast_json_to_peers(const nlohmann::json& data);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Peer Information and Management
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the number of currently connected peers
+     * @return Number of connected peers
+     */
+    int get_peer_count() const;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Get peer_id for a peer by socket (preferred)
+     * @param socket Peer socket
+     * @return Peer ID or empty string if not found
+     */
+    std::string get_peer_id(socket_t socket) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get socket for a peer by peer_id (preferred)
+     * @param peer_id Peer ID
+     * @return Peer socket or INVALID_SOCKET_VALUE if not found
+     */
+    socket_t get_peer_socket_by_id(const std::string& peer_id) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get our own peer ID
+     * @return Our persistent peer ID
+     */
+    std::string get_our_peer_id() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get all connected peers
+     * @return Vector of RatsPeer objects
+     */
+    std::vector<RatsPeer> get_all_peers() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get all peers that have completed handshake
+     * @return Vector of RatsPeer objects with completed handshake
+     */
+    std::vector<RatsPeer> get_validated_peers() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get peer information by peer ID
+     * @param peer_id The peer ID to look up
+     * @return Pointer to RatsPeer object, or nullptr if not found
+     */
+    const RatsPeer* get_peer_by_id(const std::string& peer_id) const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get peer information by socket
+     * @param socket The socket handle to look up
+     * @return Pointer to RatsPeer object, or nullptr if not found  
+     */
+    const RatsPeer* get_peer_by_socket(socket_t socket) const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get maximum number of peers
+     * @return Maximum peer count
+     */
+    int get_max_peers() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Set maximum number of peers
+     * @param max_peers New maximum peer count
+     */
+    void set_max_peers(int max_peers);
+
+    /**
+     * Check if peer limit has been reached
+     * @return true if at limit, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool is_peer_limit_reached() const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Callback Registration
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Set connection callback (called when a new peer connects)
+     * @param callback Function to call on new connections
+     */
+    void set_connection_callback(ConnectionCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set advanced connection callback with NAT traversal info
+     * @param callback Function to call on new connections with detailed info
+     */
+    void set_advanced_connection_callback(AdvancedConnectionCallback callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Set binary data callback (called when binary data is received)
+     * @param callback Function to call when binary data is received
+     */
+    void set_binary_data_callback(BinaryDataCallback callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Set string data callback (called when string data is received)
+     * @param callback Function to call when string data is received
+     */
+    void set_string_data_callback(StringDataCallback callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Set JSON data callback (called when JSON data is received)
+     * @param callback Function to call when JSON data is received
+     */
+    void set_json_data_callback(JsonDataCallback callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Set disconnect callback (called when a peer disconnects)
+     * @param callback Function to call on disconnections
+     */
+    void set_disconnect_callback(DisconnectCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set NAT traversal progress callback
+     * @param callback Function to call with NAT traversal progress updates
+     */
+    void set_nat_traversal_progress_callback(NatTraversalProgressCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set ICE candidate discovered callback
+     * @param callback Function to call when ICE candidates are discovered
+     */
+    void set_ice_candidate_callback(IceCandidateDiscoveredCallback callback);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Peer Discovery Methods
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    // DHT Discovery
+    /**
+     * Start DHT discovery on specified port
+     * @param dht_port Port for DHT communication (default: 6881)
+     * @return true if started successfully
+     */
+    bool start_dht_discovery(int dht_port = 6881);
+
+    /**
+     * Stop DHT discovery
+     */
+    void stop_dht_discovery();
+
+    /**
+     * Find peers by content hash using DHT
+     * @param content_hash Hash to search for (40-character hex string)
+     * @param callback Function to call with discovered peers
+     * @return true if search initiated successfully
+     */
+    bool find_peers_by_hash(const std::string& content_hash, 
+                           std::function<void(const std::vector<std::string>&)> callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Announce our presence for a content hash with optional peer discovery callback
+     * If callback is provided, peers discovered during DHT traversal will be returned through it
+     * @param content_hash Hash to announce for (40-character hex string)
+     * @param port Port to announce (default: our listen port)
+     * @param callback Optional function to call with discovered peers during traversal
+     * @return true if announced successfully
+     */
+    bool announce_for_hash(const std::string& content_hash, uint16_t port = 0,
+                          std::function<void(const std::vector<std::string>&)> callback = nullptr);
+
+    /**
+     * Check if DHT is currently running
+     * @return true if DHT is running
+     */
+    bool is_dht_running() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the size of the DHT routing table
+     * @return Number of nodes in routing table
+     */
+    size_t get_dht_routing_table_size() const;
+
+    // mDNS Discovery
+    /**
+     * Start mDNS service discovery and announcement
+     * @param service_instance_name Service instance name (optional)
+     * @param txt_records Additional TXT records for service announcement
+     * @return true if started successfully
+     */
+    bool start_mdns_discovery(const std::string& service_instance_name = "", 
+                             const std::map<std::string, std::string>& txt_records = {});
+
+    /**
+     * Stop mDNS discovery
+     */
+    void stop_mdns_discovery();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if mDNS is currently running
+     * @return true if mDNS is running
+     */
+    bool is_mdns_running() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Set mDNS service discovery callback
+     * @param callback Function to call when services are discovered
+     */
+    void set_mdns_callback(std::function<void(const std::string&, int, const std::string&)> callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Get recently discovered mDNS services
+     * @return Vector of discovered services
+     */
+    std::vector<MdnsService> get_mdns_services() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Manually query for mDNS services
+     * @return true if query sent successfully
+     */
+    bool query_mdns_services();
+
+    // Automatic Discovery
+    /**
+     * Start automatic peer discovery
+     */
+    void start_automatic_peer_discovery();
+    
+    /**
+     * Stop automatic peer discovery
+     */
+    void stop_automatic_peer_discovery();
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if automatic discovery is running
+     * @return true if automatic discovery is running
+     */
+    bool is_automatic_discovery_running() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the discovery hash for current protocol configuration
+     * @return Discovery hash based on current protocol name and version
+     */
+    std::string get_discovery_hash() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the well-known RATS peer discovery hash
+     * @return Standard RATS discovery hash
+     */
+    static std::string get_rats_peer_discovery_hash();
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // NAT Traversal and STUN Functionality
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Discover public IP address using STUN and add to ignore list
+     * @param stun_server STUN server hostname (default: Google STUN)
+     * @param stun_port STUN server port (default: 19302)
+     * @return true if successful, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool discover_and_ignore_public_ip(const std::string& stun_server = "stun.l.google.com", int stun_port = 19302);
+    
+    /**
+     * Detect NAT type using STUN servers
+     * @return Detected NAT type
+     */
+    NatType detect_nat_type();
+    
+    /**
+     * Get detailed NAT characteristics
+     * @return Detailed NAT information
+     */
+    NatTypeInfo get_nat_characteristics();
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the discovered public IP address
+     * @return Public IP address string or empty if not discovered
+     */
+    std::string get_public_ip() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Add an IP address to the ignore list
+     * @param ip_address IP address to ignore
+     */
+    void add_ignored_address(const std::string& ip_address);
+    
+    /**
+     * Perform coordinated hole punching with a peer
+     * @param peer_ip Peer IP address
+     * @param peer_port Peer port
+     * @param coordination_data Coordination data from peer
+     * @return true if successful
+     */
+    bool coordinate_hole_punching(const std::string& peer_ip, uint16_t peer_port,
+                                 const nlohmann::json& coordination_data);
+    
+    /**
+     * Get NAT traversal statistics
+     * @return JSON object with NAT traversal statistics
+     */
+    nlohmann::json get_nat_traversal_statistics() const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Protocol Configuration
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Set custom protocol name for handshakes and DHT discovery
+     * @param protocol_name Custom protocol name (default: "rats")
+     */
+    void set_protocol_name(const std::string& protocol_name);
+
+    /**
+     * Set custom protocol version for handshakes
+     * @param protocol_version Custom protocol version (default: "1.0")
+     */
+    void set_protocol_version(const std::string& protocol_version);
+
+    /**
+     * Get current protocol name
+     * @return Current protocol name
+     */
+    std::string get_protocol_name() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get current protocol version
+     * @return Current protocol version
+     */
+    std::string get_protocol_version() const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Message Exchange API
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Register a persistent message handler
+     * @param message_type Type of message to handle
+     * @param callback Function to call when message is received
+     */
+    void on(const std::string& message_type, MessageCallback callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Register a one-time message handler
+     * @param message_type Type of message to handle
+     * @param callback Function to call when message is received (once only)
+     */
+    void once(const std::string& message_type, MessageCallback callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all handlers for a message type
+     * @param message_type Type of message to stop handling
+     */
+    void off(const std::string& message_type);
+
+    /**
+     * Send a message to all peers
+     * @param message_type Type of message
+     * @param data Message data
+     * @param callback Optional callback for send result
+     */
+    void send(const std::string& message_type, const nlohmann::json& data, SendCallback callback = nullptr);
+
+    /**
+     * Send a message to a specific peer
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param message_type Type of message
+     * @param data Message data
+     * @param callback Optional callback for send result
+     */
+    void send(const std::string& peer_id, const std::string& message_type, const nlohmann::json& data, SendCallback callback = nullptr);
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a JSON message
+     * @param message Raw message string
+     * @param out_json Parsed JSON output
+     * @return true if parsed successfully
+     */
+    bool parse_json_message(const std::string& message, nlohmann::json& out_json);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Encryption Functionality
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Initialize encryption system
+     * @param enable Whether to enable encryption
+     * @return true if successful
+     */
+    bool initialize_encryption(bool enable);
+
+    /**
+     * Set encryption enabled/disabled
+     * @param enabled Whether encryption should be enabled
+     */
+    void set_encryption_enabled(bool enabled);
+
+    /**
+     * Check if encryption is enabled
+     * @return true if encryption is enabled
+     */
+    bool is_encryption_enabled() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the encryption key as hex string
+     * @return Encryption key in hex format
+     */
+    std::string get_encryption_key() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Set encryption key from hex string
+     * @param key_hex Encryption key in hex format
+     * @return true if key was valid and set
+     */
+    bool set_encryption_key(const std::string& key_hex);
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a new encryption key
+     * @return New encryption key in hex format
+     */
+    std::string generate_new_encryption_key();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if a peer connection is encrypted
+     * @param peer_id Peer ID to check
+     * @return true if peer connection is encrypted
+     */
+    bool is_peer_encrypted(const std::string& peer_id) const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Configuration Persistence
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Load configuration from files
+     * @return true if successful, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool load_configuration();
+
+    /**
+     * Save configuration to files
+     * @return true if successful, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool save_configuration();
+
+    /**
+     * Set directory where data files will be stored
+     * @param directory_path Path to directory (default: current folder)
+     * @return true if directory is accessible, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool set_data_directory(const std::string& directory_path);
+
+    /**
+     * Get current data directory path
+     * @return Current data directory path
+     */
+    std::string get_data_directory() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Load saved peers and attempt to reconnect
+     * @return Number of connection attempts made
+     */
+    int load_and_reconnect_peers();
+
+    /**
+     * Load historical peers from a file
+     * @return true if successful, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool load_historical_peers();
+
+    /**
+     * Save current peers to a historical file
+     * @return true if successful, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool save_historical_peers();
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all historical peers
+     */
+    void clear_historical_peers();
+
+    /**
+     * Get all historical peers
+     * @return Vector of RatsPeer objects
+     */
+    std::vector<RatsPeer> get_historical_peers() const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Statistics and Information
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Get connection statistics
+     * @return JSON object with detailed statistics
+     */
+    nlohmann::json get_connection_statistics() const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // GossipSub Functionality
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Get GossipSub instance for publish-subscribe messaging
+     * @return Reference to GossipSub instance
+     */
+    GossipSub& get_gossipsub();
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if GossipSub is available
+     * @return true if GossipSub is initialized
+     */
+    bool is_gossipsub_available() const;
+    
+    // Topic Management
+    /**
+     * Subscribe to a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic name to subscribe to
+     * @return true if subscription successful
+     */
+    bool subscribe_to_topic(const std::string& topic);
+    
+    /**
+     * Unsubscribe from a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic name to unsubscribe from
+     * @return true if unsubscription successful
+     */
+    bool unsubscribe_from_topic(const std::string& topic);
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if subscribed to a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic name to check
+     * @return true if subscribed
+     */
+    bool is_subscribed_to_topic(const std::string& topic) const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get list of subscribed GossipSub topics
+     * @return Vector of topic names
+     */
+    std::vector<std::string> get_subscribed_topics() const;
+    
+    // Publishing
+    /**
+     * Publish a message to a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic to publish to
+     * @param message Message content
+     * @return true if published successfully
+     */
+    bool publish_to_topic(const std::string& topic, const std::string& message);
+    
+    /**
+     * Publish a JSON message to a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic to publish to
+     * @param message JSON message content
+     * @return true if published successfully
+     */
+    bool publish_json_to_topic(const std::string& topic, const nlohmann::json& message);
+    
+    // Event Handlers (Unified API)
+    /**
+     * Set a message handler for a GossipSub topic using unified event API pattern
+     * @param topic Topic name
+     * @param callback Function to call when messages are received (peer_id, topic, message_content)
+     */
+    void on_topic_message(const std::string& topic, std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::string&, const std::string&)> callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set a JSON message handler for a GossipSub topic using unified event API pattern
+     * @param topic Topic name  
+     * @param callback Function to call when JSON messages are received (peer_id, topic, json_message)
+     */
+    void on_topic_json_message(const std::string& topic, std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::string&, const nlohmann::json&)> callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set a peer joined handler for a GossipSub topic using unified event API pattern
+     * @param topic Topic name
+     * @param callback Function to call when peers join the topic
+     */
+    void on_topic_peer_joined(const std::string& topic, std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::string&)> callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set a peer left handler for a GossipSub topic using unified event API pattern  
+     * @param topic Topic name
+     * @param callback Function to call when peers leave the topic
+     */
+    void on_topic_peer_left(const std::string& topic, std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::string&)> callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set a message validator for a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic name (empty for global validator)
+     * @param validator Validation function returning ACCEPT, REJECT, or IGNORE_MSG
+     */
+    void set_topic_message_validator(const std::string& topic, std::function<ValidationResult(const std::string&, const std::string&, const std::string&)> validator);
+    
+    /**
+     * Remove all event handlers for a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic name
+     */
+    void off_topic(const std::string& topic);
+    
+    // Information
+    /**
+     * Get peers subscribed to a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic name
+     * @return Vector of peer IDs
+     */
+    std::vector<std::string> get_topic_peers(const std::string& topic) const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get mesh peers for a GossipSub topic
+     * @param topic Topic name  
+     * @return Vector of peer IDs in the mesh
+     */
+    std::vector<std::string> get_topic_mesh_peers(const std::string& topic) const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get GossipSub statistics
+     * @return JSON object with comprehensive GossipSub statistics
+     */
+    nlohmann::json get_gossipsub_statistics() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if GossipSub is running
+     * @return true if GossipSub service is active
+     */
+    bool is_gossipsub_running() const;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Logging Control API
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Enable or disable file logging
+     * When enabled, logs will be written to "rats.log" by default
+     * @param enabled Whether to enable file logging
+     */
+    void set_logging_enabled(bool enabled);
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if file logging is currently enabled
+     * @return true if file logging is enabled
+     */
+    bool is_logging_enabled() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Set the log file path
+     * @param file_path Path to the log file (default: "rats.log")
+     */
+    void set_log_file_path(const std::string& file_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the current log file path
+     * @return Current log file path
+     */
+    std::string get_log_file_path() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Set the minimum log level
+     * @param level Minimum log level (DEBUG=0, INFO=1, WARN=2, ERROR=3)
+     */
+    void set_log_level(LogLevel level);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set the minimum log level using string
+     * @param level_str Log level as string ("DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR")
+     */
+    void set_log_level(const std::string& level_str);
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the current log level
+     * @return Current minimum log level
+     */
+    LogLevel get_log_level() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Enable or disable colored log output
+     * @param enabled Whether to enable colored output
+     */
+    void set_log_colors_enabled(bool enabled);
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if colored log output is enabled
+     * @return true if colors are enabled
+     */
+    bool is_log_colors_enabled() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Enable or disable timestamps in log output
+     * @param enabled Whether to enable timestamps
+     */
+    void set_log_timestamps_enabled(bool enabled);
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if timestamps are enabled in log output
+     * @return true if timestamps are enabled
+     */
+    bool is_log_timestamps_enabled() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Set log file rotation size
+     * @param max_size_bytes Maximum size in bytes before log rotation (default: 10MB)
+     */
+    void set_log_rotation_size(size_t max_size_bytes);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set the number of log files to retain during rotation
+     * @param count Number of old log files to keep (default: 5)
+     */
+    void set_log_retention_count(int count);
+    
+    /**
+     * Clear/reset the current log file
+     */
+    void clear_log_file();
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // File Transfer API
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the file transfer manager instance
+     * @return Reference to the file transfer manager
+     */
+    FileTransferManager& get_file_transfer_manager();
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if file transfer is available
+     * @return true if file transfer manager is initialized
+     */
+    bool is_file_transfer_available() const;
+    
+    // Sending and Requesting
+    /**
+     * Send a file to a peer
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param file_path Local file path to send
+     * @param remote_filename Optional remote filename (default: use local name)
+     * @return Transfer ID if successful, empty string if failed
+     */
+    std::string send_file(const std::string& peer_id, const std::string& file_path, 
+                         const std::string& remote_filename = "");
+    
+    /**
+     * Send an entire directory to a peer
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param directory_path Local directory path to send
+     * @param remote_directory_name Optional remote directory name
+     * @param recursive Whether to include subdirectories (default: true)
+     * @return Transfer ID if successful, empty string if failed
+     */
+    std::string send_directory(const std::string& peer_id, const std::string& directory_path,
+                              const std::string& remote_directory_name = "", bool recursive = true);
+    
+    /**
+     * Request a file from a remote peer
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param remote_file_path Path to file on remote peer
+     * @param local_path Local path where file should be saved
+     * @return Transfer ID if successful, empty string if failed
+     */
+    std::string request_file(const std::string& peer_id, const std::string& remote_file_path,
+                            const std::string& local_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Request a directory from a remote peer
+     * @param peer_id Target peer ID
+     * @param remote_directory_path Path to directory on remote peer
+     * @param local_directory_path Local path where directory should be saved
+     * @param recursive Whether to include subdirectories (default: true)
+     * @return Transfer ID if successful, empty string if failed
+     */
+    std::string request_directory(const std::string& peer_id, const std::string& remote_directory_path,
+                                 const std::string& local_directory_path, bool recursive = true);
+    
+    // Accept/Reject Operations
+    /**
+     * Accept an incoming file transfer
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer identifier from request
+     * @param local_path Local path where file should be saved
+     * @return true if accepted successfully
+     */
+    bool accept_file_transfer(const std::string& transfer_id, const std::string& local_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Reject an incoming file transfer
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer identifier from request
+     * @param reason Optional reason for rejection
+     * @return true if rejected successfully
+     */
+    bool reject_file_transfer(const std::string& transfer_id, const std::string& reason = "");
+    
+    /**
+     * Accept an incoming directory transfer
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer identifier from request
+     * @param local_path Local path where directory should be saved
+     * @return true if accepted successfully
+     */
+    bool accept_directory_transfer(const std::string& transfer_id, const std::string& local_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Reject an incoming directory transfer
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer identifier from request
+     * @param reason Optional reason for rejection
+     * @return true if rejected successfully
+     */
+    bool reject_directory_transfer(const std::string& transfer_id, const std::string& reason = "");
+    
+    // Transfer Control
+    /**
+     * Pause an active file transfer
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer to pause
+     * @return true if paused successfully
+     */
+    bool pause_file_transfer(const std::string& transfer_id);
+    
+    /**
+     * Resume a paused file transfer
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer to resume
+     * @return true if resumed successfully
+     */
+    bool resume_file_transfer(const std::string& transfer_id);
+    
+    /**
+     * Cancel an active or paused file transfer
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer to cancel
+     * @return true if cancelled successfully
+     */
+    bool cancel_file_transfer(const std::string& transfer_id);
+    
+    // Information and Monitoring
+    /**
+     * Get file transfer progress information
+     * @param transfer_id Transfer to query
+     * @return Progress information or nullptr if not found
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<FileTransferProgress> get_file_transfer_progress(const std::string& transfer_id) const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get all active file transfers
+     * @return Vector of transfer progress objects
+     */
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FileTransferProgress>> get_active_file_transfers() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get file transfer statistics
+     * @return JSON object with transfer statistics
+     */
+    nlohmann::json get_file_transfer_statistics() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Set file transfer configuration
+     * @param config Transfer configuration settings
+     */
+    void set_file_transfer_config(const FileTransferConfig& config);
+    
+    /**
+     * Get current file transfer configuration
+     * @return Current configuration settings
+     */
+    const FileTransferConfig& get_file_transfer_config() const;
+    
+    // Event Handlers
+    /**
+     * Set file transfer progress callback
+     * @param callback Function to call with progress updates
+     */
+    void on_file_transfer_progress(FileTransferProgressCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set file transfer completion callback
+     * @param callback Function to call when transfers complete
+     */
+    void on_file_transfer_completed(FileTransferCompletedCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set incoming file transfer request callback
+     * @param callback Function to call when receiving transfer requests
+     */
+    void on_file_transfer_request(FileTransferRequestCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set directory transfer progress callback
+     * @param callback Function to call with directory transfer progress
+     */
+    void on_directory_transfer_progress(DirectoryTransferProgressCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set file request callback (called when receiving file requests)
+     * @param callback Function to call when receiving file requests
+     */
+    void on_file_request(FileRequestCallback callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Set directory request callback (called when receiving directory requests)
+     * @param callback Function to call when receiving directory requests
+     */
+    void on_directory_request(DirectoryRequestCallback callback);
+
+#ifdef RATS_SEARCH_FEATURES
+    // =========================================================================
+    // BitTorrent API (requires RATS_SEARCH_FEATURES)
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    /**
+     * Enable BitTorrent functionality
+     * @param listen_port Port to listen for BitTorrent connections (default: 6881)
+     * @return true if BitTorrent was successfully enabled
+     */
+    bool enable_bittorrent(int listen_port = 6881);
+    
+    /**
+     * Disable BitTorrent functionality
+     */
+    void disable_bittorrent();
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if BitTorrent is enabled
+     * @return true if BitTorrent is active
+     */
+    bool is_bittorrent_enabled() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Add a torrent from a file
+     * @param torrent_file Path to the .torrent file
+     * @param download_path Directory where files will be downloaded
+     * @return Shared pointer to TorrentDownload object, or nullptr on failure
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<TorrentDownload> add_torrent(const std::string& torrent_file, 
+                                                  const std::string& download_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Add a torrent from TorrentInfo
+     * @param torrent_info TorrentInfo object with torrent metadata
+     * @param download_path Directory where files will be downloaded
+     * @return Shared pointer to TorrentDownload object, or nullptr on failure
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<TorrentDownload> add_torrent(const TorrentInfo& torrent_info, 
+                                                  const std::string& download_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Add a torrent by info hash (magnet link style - uses DHT to find peers)
+     * @param info_hash Info hash of the torrent
+     * @param download_path Directory where files will be downloaded
+     * @return Shared pointer to TorrentDownload object, or nullptr on failure
+     * @note Requires DHT to be running. Will discover peers via DHT.
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<TorrentDownload> add_torrent_by_hash(const InfoHash& info_hash, 
+                                                          const std::string& download_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Add a torrent by info hash hex string (magnet link style - uses DHT to find peers)
+     * @param info_hash_hex Info hash as 40-character hex string
+     * @param download_path Directory where files will be downloaded
+     * @return Shared pointer to TorrentDownload object, or nullptr on failure
+     * @note Requires DHT to be running. Will discover peers via DHT.
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<TorrentDownload> add_torrent_by_hash(const std::string& info_hash_hex, 
+                                                          const std::string& download_path);
+    
+    /**
+     * Remove a torrent by info hash
+     * @param info_hash Info hash of the torrent to remove
+     * @return true if torrent was removed successfully
+     */
+    bool remove_torrent(const InfoHash& info_hash);
+    
+    /**
+     * Get a torrent by info hash
+     * @param info_hash Info hash of the torrent
+     * @return Shared pointer to TorrentDownload object, or nullptr if not found
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<TorrentDownload> get_torrent(const InfoHash& info_hash);
+    
+    /**
+     * Get all active torrents
+     * @return Vector of all active torrent downloads
+     */
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TorrentDownload>> get_all_torrents();
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the number of active torrents
+     * @return Number of active torrents
+     */
+    size_t get_active_torrents_count() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get BitTorrent statistics (downloaded and uploaded bytes)
+     * @return Pair of (downloaded_bytes, uploaded_bytes)
+     */
+    std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t> get_bittorrent_stats() const;
+    
+    /**
+     * Get torrent metadata without downloading (requires DHT to be running)
+     * @param info_hash Info hash of the torrent
+     * @param callback Function called when metadata is retrieved (torrent_info, success, error_message)
+     * @note This only retrieves metadata via BEP 9, it does not start downloading
+     */
+    void get_torrent_metadata(const InfoHash& info_hash, 
+                             std::function<void(const TorrentInfo&, bool, const std::string&)> callback);
+    
+    /**
+     * Get torrent metadata without downloading by hex string (requires DHT to be running)
+     * @param info_hash_hex Info hash as 40-character hex string
+     * @param callback Function called when metadata is retrieved (torrent_info, success, error_message)
+     * @note This only retrieves metadata via BEP 9, it does not start downloading
+     */
+    void get_torrent_metadata(const std::string& info_hash_hex, 
+                             std::function<void(const TorrentInfo&, bool, const std::string&)> callback);
+#endif // RATS_SEARCH_FEATURES
+
+private:
+    int listen_port_;
+    std::string bind_address_;
+    int max_peers_;
+    socket_t server_socket_;
+    std::atomic<bool> running_;
+    
+    // NAT traversal configuration
+    NatTraversalConfig nat_config_;
+    
+    // =========================================================================
+    // MUTEX LOCKING ORDER - CRITICAL FOR DEADLOCK PREVENTION
+    // =========================================================================
+    // When acquiring multiple mutexes, ALWAYS follow this strict order:
+    //
+    // 1. config_mutex_              (Configuration and peer ID)
+    // 2. protocol_config_mutex_      (Protocol name and version)
+    // 3. encryption_mutex_           (Encryption settings and keys)
+    // 4. nat_mutex_                  (NAT detection and characteristics)
+    // 5. public_ip_mutex_            (Public IP address)
+    // 6. local_addresses_mutex_      (Local interface addresses)
+    // 7. ice_coordination_mutex_     (ICE coordination tracking)
+    // 8. connection_attempts_mutex_  (Connection attempt history)
+    // 9. peers_mutex_                (Peer management - most frequently locked)
+    // 10. socket_send_mutexes_mutex_ (Socket send mutex management)
+    // 11. message_handlers_mutex_    (Message handler registration)
+    // =========================================================================
+    
+    // Configuration persistence
+    std::string our_peer_id_;                               // Our persistent peer ID
+    std::string data_directory_;                            // Directory where data files are stored
+    mutable std::mutex config_mutex_;                       // [1] Protects configuration data
+    static const std::string CONFIG_FILE_NAME;             // "config.json"
+    static const std::string PEERS_FILE_NAME;              // "peers.rats"
+    static const std::string PEERS_EVER_FILE_NAME;         // "peers_ever.rats"
+    
+    // Encryption state
+    NoiseKey static_encryption_key_;                        // Our static encryption key
+    bool encryption_enabled_;                               // Whether encryption is enabled
+    mutable std::mutex encryption_mutex_;                   // [3] Protects encryption state
+    
+    // ICE and NAT traversal
+    std::unique_ptr<IceAgent> ice_agent_;                   // ICE agent for NAT traversal
+    std::unique_ptr<AdvancedNatDetector> nat_detector_;     // Advanced NAT type detection
+    NatType detected_nat_type_;                             // Our detected NAT type
+    NatTypeInfo nat_characteristics_;                       // Detailed NAT information
+    mutable std::mutex nat_mutex_;                          // [4] Protects NAT-related data
+    
+    // ICE coordination tracking to prevent duplicate attempts
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> ice_coordination_in_progress_;  // Set of peer_ids having ICE coordination
+    mutable std::mutex ice_coordination_mutex_;                     // [7] Protects ICE coordination state
+    
+    // Connection attempt tracking
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<ConnectionAttemptResult>> connection_attempts_;
+    mutable std::mutex connection_attempts_mutex_;          // [8] Protects connection attempts
+    
+    // Organized peer management using RatsPeer struct
+    mutable std::mutex peers_mutex_;                        // [9] Protects peer data (most frequently locked)
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, RatsPeer> peers_;          // keyed by peer_id
+    std::unordered_map<socket_t, std::string> socket_to_peer_id_;  // for quick socket->peer_id lookup  
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> address_to_peer_id_;  // for duplicate detection (normalized_address->peer_id)
+    
+    // Per-socket synchronization for thread-safe message sending
+    mutable std::mutex socket_send_mutexes_mutex_;          // [10] Protects socket send mutex map
+    std::unordered_map<socket_t, std::shared_ptr<std::mutex>> socket_send_mutexes_;
+    
+    // Server and client management
+    std::thread server_thread_;
+    std::thread management_thread_;
+    
+    ConnectionCallback connection_callback_;
+    AdvancedConnectionCallback advanced_connection_callback_;
+    BinaryDataCallback binary_data_callback_;
+    StringDataCallback string_data_callback_;
+    JsonDataCallback json_data_callback_;
+    DisconnectCallback disconnect_callback_;
+    NatTraversalProgressCallback nat_progress_callback_;
+    IceCandidateDiscoveredCallback ice_candidate_callback_;
+    
+    // DHT client for peer discovery
+    std::unique_ptr<DhtClient> dht_client_;
+    
+    // STUN client for public IP discovery
+    std::unique_ptr<StunClient> stun_client_;
+    std::string public_ip_;
+    mutable std::mutex public_ip_mutex_;                    // [5] Protects public IP address
+    
+    // mDNS client for local network discovery
+    std::unique_ptr<MdnsClient> mdns_client_;
+    std::function<void(const std::string&, int, const std::string&)> mdns_callback_;
+    
+    // GossipSub for publish-subscribe messaging
+    std::unique_ptr<GossipSub> gossipsub_;
+    
+    // File transfer manager
+    std::unique_ptr<FileTransferManager> file_transfer_manager_;
+    
+#ifdef RATS_SEARCH_FEATURES
+    // BitTorrent client (optional, requires RATS_SEARCH_FEATURES)
+    std::unique_ptr<BitTorrentClient> bittorrent_client_;
+#endif
+    
+    void initialize_modules();
+    void destroy_modules();
+
+    void server_loop();
+    void management_loop();
+    void handle_client(socket_t client_socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id);
+    void remove_peer(socket_t socket);
+    std::string generate_peer_hash_id(socket_t socket, const std::string& connection_info);
+    void handle_dht_peer_discovery(const std::vector<Peer>& peers, const InfoHash& info_hash);
+    void handle_mdns_service_discovery(const MdnsService& service, bool is_new);
+    
+    // Message header helpers
+    std::vector<uint8_t> create_message_with_header(const std::vector<uint8_t>& payload, MessageDataType type);
+    bool parse_message_with_header(const std::vector<uint8_t>& message, MessageHeader& header, std::vector<uint8_t>& payload) const;
+    
+    // Enhanced connection establishment
+    bool attempt_direct_connection(const std::string& host, int port, ConnectionAttemptResult& result);
+    bool attempt_stun_assisted_connection(const std::string& host, int port, ConnectionAttemptResult& result);
+    bool attempt_ice_connection(const std::string& host, int port, ConnectionAttemptResult& result);
+    bool attempt_turn_relay_connection(const std::string& host, int port, ConnectionAttemptResult& result);
+    bool attempt_hole_punch_connection(const std::string& host, int port, ConnectionAttemptResult& result);
+    
+    // ICE coordination helpers
+    void handle_ice_candidate_discovered(const std::string& peer_id, const IceCandidate& candidate);
+    void handle_ice_connection_state_change(const std::string& peer_id, IceConnectionState state);
+    void initiate_ice_with_peer(const std::string& peer_id, const std::string& host, int port);
+    
+    // NAT traversal message handlers
+    void handle_ice_offer_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void handle_ice_answer_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void handle_ice_candidate_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void handle_hole_punch_coordination_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void handle_nat_info_exchange_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void send_nat_info_to_peer(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_id);
+    
+    // New peer management methods using RatsPeer
+    void add_peer(const RatsPeer& peer);
+    void add_peer_unlocked(const RatsPeer& peer);  // Assumes peers_mutex_ is already locked
+    void remove_peer_by_id(const std::string& peer_id);
+    void remove_peer_by_id_unlocked(const std::string& peer_id);  // Assumes peers_mutex_ is already locked
+    bool is_already_connected_to_address(const std::string& normalized_address) const;
+    std::string normalize_peer_address(const std::string& ip, int port) const;
+
+    // Local interface address blocking (ignore list)
+    std::vector<std::string> local_interface_addresses_;
+    mutable std::mutex local_addresses_mutex_;              // [6] Protects local interface addresses
+    void initialize_local_addresses();
+    void refresh_local_addresses();
+    bool is_blocked_address(const std::string& ip_address) const;
+    bool should_ignore_peer(const std::string& ip, int port) const;
+    static bool parse_address_string(const std::string& address_str, std::string& out_ip, int& out_port);
+    
+    // Helper functions that assume mutex is already locked
+    int get_peer_count_unlocked() const;  // Helper that assumes peers_mutex_ is already locked
+
+    // Handshake protocol
+    static constexpr const char* RATS_PROTOCOL_VERSION = "1.0";
+    static constexpr int HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 10;
+
+    // Custom protocol configuration
+    std::string custom_protocol_name_;          // Custom protocol name (default: "rats")
+    std::string custom_protocol_version_;       // Custom protocol version (default: "1.0")
+    mutable std::mutex protocol_config_mutex_;  // [2] Protects protocol configuration
+
+    struct HandshakeMessage {
+        std::string protocol;
+        std::string version;
+        std::string peer_id;
+        std::string message_type;
+        int64_t timestamp;
+    };
+
+    std::string create_handshake_message(const std::string& message_type, const std::string& our_peer_id) const;
+    bool parse_handshake_message(const std::string& message, HandshakeMessage& out_msg) const;
+    bool validate_handshake_message(const HandshakeMessage& msg) const;
+    bool is_handshake_message(const std::string& message) const;
+    bool send_handshake(socket_t socket, const std::string& our_peer_id);
+    bool send_handshake_unlocked(socket_t socket, const std::string& our_peer_id);
+    bool handle_handshake_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const std::string& message);
+    void check_handshake_timeouts();
+    void log_handshake_completion(const RatsPeer& peer);
+    void log_handshake_completion_unlocked(const RatsPeer& peer);
+
+    // Automatic discovery
+    std::atomic<bool> auto_discovery_running_;
+    std::thread auto_discovery_thread_;
+    void automatic_discovery_loop();
+    void announce_rats_peer();
+    void search_rats_peers();
+
+    // Message handling system
+    nlohmann::json create_rats_message(const std::string& type, const nlohmann::json& payload, const std::string& sender_peer_id);
+    void handle_rats_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& message);
+
+    // Specific message handlers
+    void handle_peer_exchange_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void handle_peers_request_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void handle_peers_response_message(socket_t socket, const std::string& peer_hash_id, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+
+    // Message creation and broadcasting
+    nlohmann::json create_peer_exchange_message(const RatsPeer& peer);
+    void broadcast_peer_exchange_message(const RatsPeer& new_peer);
+    nlohmann::json create_peers_request_message(const std::string& sender_peer_id);
+    nlohmann::json create_peers_response_message(const std::vector<RatsPeer>& peers, const std::string& sender_peer_id);
+    std::vector<RatsPeer> get_random_peers(int max_count, const std::string& exclude_peer_id = "") const;
+    void send_peers_request(socket_t socket, const std::string& our_peer_id);
+
+    int broadcast_rats_message(const nlohmann::json& message, const std::string& exclude_peer_id = "");
+    int broadcast_rats_message_to_validated_peers(const nlohmann::json& message, const std::string& exclude_peer_id = "");
+    // Message exchange API implementation
+    struct MessageHandler {
+        MessageCallback callback;
+        bool is_once;
+        
+        MessageHandler(MessageCallback cb, bool once) : callback(cb), is_once(once) {}
+    };
+    
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<MessageHandler>> message_handlers_;
+    mutable std::mutex message_handlers_mutex_;             // [11] Protects message handlers
+    
+    void call_message_handlers(const std::string& message_type, const std::string& peer_id, const nlohmann::json& data);
+    void call_callback_safely(const MessageCallback& callback, const std::string& peer_id, const nlohmann::json& data);
+    void remove_once_handlers(const std::string& message_type);
+
+    // Per-socket synchronization helpers
+    std::shared_ptr<std::mutex> get_socket_send_mutex(socket_t socket);
+    void cleanup_socket_send_mutex(socket_t socket);
+
+    // Configuration persistence helpers
+    std::string generate_persistent_peer_id() const;
+    nlohmann::json serialize_peer_for_persistence(const RatsPeer& peer) const;
+    bool deserialize_peer_from_persistence(const nlohmann::json& json, std::string& ip, int& port, std::string& peer_id) const;
+    std::string get_config_file_path() const;
+    std::string get_peers_file_path() const;
+    std::string get_peers_ever_file_path() const;
+    bool save_peers_to_file();
+    bool append_peer_to_historical_file(const RatsPeer& peer);
+    int load_and_reconnect_historical_peers();
+    
+    // NAT traversal helpers
+    void initialize_nat_traversal();
+    void detect_and_cache_nat_type();
+    void update_connection_statistics(const std::string& peer_id, const ConnectionAttemptResult& result);
+    std::string select_best_connection_strategy(const std::string& host, int port);
+    NatType map_characteristics_to_nat_type(const NatTypeInfo& characteristics);
+    void log_nat_detection_results();
+    bool perform_tcp_connection(const std::string& host, int port, ConnectionAttemptResult& result);
+    
+    // ICE coordination helpers
+    void initialize_ice_agent();
+    void setup_ice_callbacks();
+    void update_peer_ice_info(socket_t socket, const nlohmann::json& payload);
+    void add_candidate_to_peer(socket_t socket, const IceCandidate& candidate);
+    bool should_initiate_ice_coordination(const std::string& peer_id);
+    void mark_ice_coordination_in_progress(const std::string& peer_id);
+    void remove_ice_coordination_tracking(const std::string& peer_id);
+    void cleanup_ice_coordination_for_peer(const std::string& peer_id);
+    nlohmann::json get_ice_statistics() const;
+    bool is_ice_enabled() const;
+    bool is_peer_ice_connected(const std::string& peer_id) const;
+    void cleanup_ice_resources();
+};
+
+// Utility functions
+std::unique_ptr<RatsClient> create_rats_client(int listen_port);
+
+// Library version query (stable, binding-friendly)
+RATS_API const char* rats_get_library_version_string();
+RATS_API void rats_get_library_version(int* major, int* minor, int* patch, int* build);
+RATS_API const char* rats_get_library_git_describe();
+RATS_API uint32_t rats_get_library_abi(); // packed as (major<<16)|(minor<<8)|patch
+
+} // namespace librats