lemmascript 0.5.18 → 0.5.19

package/tools/dist/narrow.js

@@ -3,19 +3,14 @@
  *
  * Pipeline: resolve → narrow → transform → emit.
  *
- * Syntax-directed pattern matching on typed IR. Detects optional-narrowing
- * patterns and rewrites each into a `someMatch` IR node carrying the
- * scrutinee, binder, unwrapped type, and arms:
- *   - `if (e !== undefined) S`                 (statement)
- *   - `if (e === undefined) terminate; rest`   (early-return + rest consumption)
- *   - `if (e !== undefined && rest) S`         (&& in if; no else)
- *   - `if (a === undefined || b === undefined) terminate; rest`  (|| chain)
- *   - `let x = (e_opt && rest) ? a : b`        (statement, impure-OK guard)
- *   - `e !== undefined ? a : b`                (ternary)
- *   - `e !== undefined && rest ? a : b`        (&& in ternary; pure rest)
- *   - `opt ? a : b`                            (truthiness)
- *   - `path !== undefined [&& rest] ==> B`     (spec implication narrowing)
- *   - `optChain(obj, field)`                   (`obj?.field` from extract)
+ * Positional drivers over condition-facts (DESIGN_LS_IN_LS.md §4): the
+ * *semantics* of conditions — what a check establishes, `&&`/`||`-chain
+ * analysis, binder minting, discriminant detection — live in
+ * `condition-facts.ts`; this pass owns *where* a condition sits (if
+ * statement, early return + rest consumption, ternary, implication, guard
+ * statement, conditional initializer, nullish/optional chains, discriminant
+ * chains) and rewrites each position into `someMatch` / `tagMatch` IR via
+ * the shared materializers.
  *
  * Following TS semantics, narrowing rules only fire for pure access paths
  * (`var(x)` or `field(purePath, name)`). Complex scrutinees (call results,
@@ -32,83 +27,27 @@
  * Walker shape: bottom-up over TExpr/TStmt. At each node, recurse children
  * via the *Recurse* helpers, then try the rules in order. List-level rules
  * (early-return, let-cond) run in `walkStmts` so they can consume the rest
- * of the block.
+ * of the block. Rule order matters — see the comments at the two dispatch
+ * chains.
+ *
+ * State is explicit (§6.1): a `CondCtx` (type declarations + optChain
+ * binder counter) threads through the walk; no module-level state.
  */
 import { isTerminatorKind } from "./typedir.js";
 import { freshName } from "./names.js";
-// ── Optional-check detection ────────────────────────────────
-/** Counter for naming optChain binders. Reset per module. */
-let _ocCounter = 0;
-/** Type declarations for this module. Set in narrowModule, used by the
- *  discriminant-narrowing rules to resolve `'key' in x` to a variant. */
-let _typeDecls = [];
-/** Detect optional checks: `e !== undefined`, `e === undefined`, or `!e` for a
- *  pure-access-path optional-typed e. `!e` is equivalent to `=== undefined`.
- *  Following TS, only pure access paths narrow; complex scrutinees return null. */
-function parseOptionalCheck(cond) {
-    // `!e` where e is optional — a truthiness form: false iff e is absent OR its
-    // inner value is itself falsy (so `Some(0)`/`Some("")` count as falsy too).
-    if (cond.kind === "unop" && cond.op === "!" && cond.expr.ty.kind === "optional") {
-        const e = cond.expr;
-        const innerTy = cond.expr.ty.inner;
-        const hint = binderHintFor(e);
-        if (hint === null)
-            return null;
-        return { scrutinee: e, innerTy, negated: true, binderHint: freshName(hint), truthiness: true };
-    }
-    if (cond.kind !== "binop" || (cond.op !== "!==" && cond.op !== "===")) {
-        // Bare optional truthiness: `if (e)` where e: T | undefined — true iff e is
-        // present AND its inner value is truthy.
-        if (cond.ty.kind === "optional") {
-            const hint = binderHintFor(cond);
-            if (hint === null)
-                return null;
-            return { scrutinee: cond, innerTy: cond.ty.inner, negated: false, binderHint: freshName(hint), truthiness: true };
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-    // Explicit `e === undefined` / `e !== undefined` — a pure presence check,
-    // independent of the inner value (so NOT a truthiness form).
-    let e = null;
-    if (cond.right.kind === "var" && cond.right.name === "undefined")
-        e = cond.left;
-    if (cond.left.kind === "var" && cond.left.name === "undefined")
-        e = cond.right;
-    if (!e || e.ty.kind !== "optional")
-        return null;
-    const hint = binderHintFor(e);
-    if (hint === null)
-        return null;
-    return { scrutinee: e, innerTy: e.ty.inner, negated: cond.op === "===", binderHint: freshName(hint), truthiness: false };
-}
-function binderHintFor(e) {
-    // Pure access paths: var(x) or field(purePath, name).
-    // Walks down to the var root, collecting field names. Returns
-    // `_root_field1_field2_..._val` (or `_root_val` for a bare var).
-    const fields = [];
-    let cur = e;
-    while (cur.kind === "field") {
-        fields.unshift(cur.field);
-        cur = cur.obj;
-    }
-    if (cur.kind !== "var")
-        return null;
-    // \result is stored as the IR var name "\\result"; sanitize for a valid identifier.
-    const root = cur.name === "\\result" ? "result" : cur.name;
-    return fields.length === 0 ? `_${root}_val` : `_${root}_${fields.join("_")}_val`;
-}
-// Aliased for code that historically called the simpler check.
-const parseSimpleOptionalCheck = parseOptionalCheck;
+import { builtinSpec } from "./builtins.js";
+import { presentFact, leadingPresent, leadingIsArray, flattenOr, noneDetector, binderHintFor, binderHintForMapAccess, freshOcBinder, applyChain, restoreDiscriminantFlag, arrayBoundsCond, exprEqual, isArrayFact, typeofStringFact, variantFact, negVariantFact, presentMatchStmts, presentMatchExpr, } from "./condition-facts.js";
 // ── Walkers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
-function walkExpr(e) {
-    const r = recurseExpr(e);
-    return ruleNullish(r) ?? ruleNullishIndex(r) ?? ruleOptChainIndex(r) ?? ruleOptChain(r) ?? ruleImplOptional(r) ?? ruleImplArrayIsArray(r) ?? ruleConditionalArrayIsArray(r) ?? ruleConditionalAndArrayIsArray(r) ?? ruleConditionalAndOptional(r) ?? ruleConditionalOptionalSimple(r) ?? ruleConditionalInMap(r) ?? ruleConditionalOptionalTruthy(r) ?? r;
+function walkExpr(e, ctx) {
+    const r = recurseExpr(e, ctx);
+    return ruleNullish(r, ctx) ?? ruleNullishIndex(r) ?? ruleOptChainIndex(r) ?? ruleOptChain(r, ctx) ?? ruleImplOptional(r, ctx) ?? ruleImplArrayIsArray(r, ctx) ?? ruleConditionalArrayIsArray(r, ctx) ?? ruleConditionalAndArrayIsArray(r, ctx) ?? ruleConditionalAndOptional(r, ctx) ?? ruleConditionalOptionalSimple(r) ?? ruleConditionalInMap(r, ctx) ?? ruleConditionalOptionalTruthy(r) ?? r;
 }
-function recurseExpr(e) {
-    const re = walkExpr;
+function recurseExpr(e, ctx) {
+    const re = (x) => walkExpr(x, ctx);
     switch (e.kind) {
         case "var":
         case "num":
+        case "bigint":
         case "str":
         case "bool":
         case "havoc":
@@ -121,7 +60,7 @@ function recurseExpr(e) {
         case "record": return { ...e, spread: e.spread ? re(e.spread) : null,
             fields: e.fields.map(f => ({ ...f, value: re(f.value) })) };
         case "arrayLiteral": return { ...e, elems: e.elems.map(re) };
-        case "lambda": return { ...e, body: walkStmts(e.body) };
+        case "lambda": return { ...e, body: walkStmts(e.body, ctx) };
         case "conditional": return { ...e, cond: re(e.cond), then: re(e.then), else: re(e.else) };
         case "optChain": return { ...e, obj: re(e.obj),
             chain: e.chain.map(s => s.kind === "call" ? { ...s, args: s.args.map(re) }
@@ -136,9 +75,9 @@ function recurseExpr(e) {
             fallthrough: e.fallthrough ? re(e.fallthrough) : null };
     }
 }
-function walkStmt(s) {
+function walkStmt(s, ctx) {
     // Recurse into children first, then try rules at this node.
-    const r = recurseStmt(s);
+    const r = recurseStmt(s, ctx);
     // Optional narrowing fires before Array.isArray narrowing: in a chain like
     // `next && Array.isArray(next.content)` the optional check must unwrap `next`
     // *outside* the array match, since `next.content` is unreachable until then.
@@ -146,41 +85,41 @@ function walkStmt(s) {
     // array rule fires; independent narrows commute, so the order is harmless.)
     // && rules fire before the simple rule because they produce nested ifs whose
     // inner shape doesn't match the simple rule directly.
-    return ruleIfAndOptional(r) ?? ruleIfAndArrayIsArray(r) ?? ruleIfOptionalSimple(r) ?? ruleExprStmtAndOptional(r) ?? ruleOptionalIndexBinding(r) ?? r;
+    return ruleIfAndOptional(r, ctx) ?? ruleIfAndArrayIsArray(r, ctx) ?? ruleIfOptionalSimple(r) ?? ruleExprStmtAndOptional(r, ctx) ?? ruleOptionalIndexBinding(r) ?? r;
 }
-function walkStmts(stmts) {
+function walkStmts(stmts, ctx) {
     const result = [];
     for (let i = 0; i < stmts.length; i++) {
         const s = stmts[i];
         const rest = stmts.slice(i + 1);
         // Discriminant rules consume a prefix of stmts; remaining is processed normally.
-        const tagged = ruleDiscriminantChain(stmts.slice(i)) ?? ruleDiscriminantNegEarlyReturn(stmts.slice(i));
+        const tagged = ruleDiscriminantChain(stmts.slice(i), ctx) ?? ruleDiscriminantNegEarlyReturn(stmts.slice(i), ctx);
         if (tagged) {
-            result.push(walkStmt(tagged.stmt));
+            result.push(walkStmt(tagged.stmt, ctx));
             i += tagged.consumed - 1;
             continue;
         }
-        const consumed = ruleEarlyReturnOrChain(s, rest) ?? ruleEarlyReturnConsume(s, rest) ?? ruleEarlyReturnOptChainCompare(s, rest);
+        const consumed = ruleEarlyReturnOrChain(s, rest, ctx) ?? ruleEarlyReturnConsume(s, rest) ?? ruleEarlyReturnOptChainCompare(s, rest, ctx);
         if (consumed) {
-            result.push(walkStmt(consumed));
+            result.push(walkStmt(consumed, ctx));
             return result;
         }
         // walkStmt first — narrow's expression rules may rewrite the let init from
         // `conditional` to `someMatch`, in which case the let-cond desugar shouldn't fire.
-        const walked = walkStmt(s);
+        const walked = walkStmt(s, ctx);
         const expanded = ruleLetCondAndOptional(walked);
         if (expanded) {
             for (const x of expanded)
-                result.push(walkStmt(x));
+                result.push(walkStmt(x, ctx));
             continue;
         }
         result.push(walked);
     }
     return result;
 }
-function recurseStmt(s) {
-    const re = walkExpr;
-    const rs = walkStmts;
+function recurseStmt(s, ctx) {
+    const re = (x) => walkExpr(x, ctx);
+    const rs = (x) => walkStmts(x, ctx);
     switch (s.kind) {
         case "let": return { ...s, init: re(s.init) };
         case "assign": return { ...s, value: re(s.value) };
@@ -211,40 +150,36 @@ function recurseStmt(s) {
             fallthrough: rs(s.fallthrough) };
     }
 }
-const canBeFalsy = (c) => c.truthiness && ["int", "nat", "string", "bool"].includes(c.innerTy.kind);
-const bound = (c) => ({ kind: "var", name: c.binderHint, ty: c.innerTy });
-// ── Rules ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
-/** Rule: `if (e !== undefined) then else` where e is a simple optional var or
- *  `obj.field` chain, and the Some branch is non-empty.
- *  → `someMatch e { Some(_e_val) => then, None => else }`. */
+function isTerminating(stmts) {
+    if (stmts.length === 0)
+        return false;
+    return isTerminatorKind(stmts[stmts.length - 1].kind);
+}
+// ── Presence drivers ────────────────────────────────────────
+/** Driver: `if (e !== undefined) then else` — presence fact in if position.
+ *  → `someMatch e { Some(_e_val) => then, None => else }`. Requires a
+ *  non-empty Some branch. */
 function ruleIfOptionalSimple(s) {
     if (s.kind !== "if")
         return null;
-    const check = parseSimpleOptionalCheck(s.cond);
+    const check = presentFact(s.cond);
     if (!check)
         return null;
     const someBody = check.negated ? s.else : s.then;
     const noneBody = check.negated ? s.then : s.else;
     if (someBody.length === 0)
         return null;
-    return {
-        kind: "someMatch",
-        scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody: canBeFalsy(check) ? [{ kind: "if", cond: bound(check), then: someBody, else: noneBody }] : someBody,
-        noneBody,
-    };
+    return presentMatchStmts(check, someBody, noneBody);
 }
-/** Rule: `if (e === undefined) terminate; rest` (early return / throw / break).
- *  → `someMatch e { Some(_e_val) => rest, None => terminate }`.
- *  Fires when the Some branch is empty AND there's a non-empty rest of the
- *  block — pulling the continuation into the narrowed scope. */
+/** Driver: `if (e === undefined) terminate; rest` — presence fact in
+ *  early-return position, consuming the rest of the block into the
+ *  narrowed scope. Fires when the Some branch is empty. */
 function ruleEarlyReturnConsume(s, rest) {
     if (s.kind !== "if")
         return null;
     if (rest.length === 0)
         return null;
-    const check = parseSimpleOptionalCheck(s.cond);
+    const check = presentFact(s.cond);
     if (!check)
         return null;
     const someBranch = check.negated ? s.else : s.then;
@@ -253,58 +188,15 @@ function ruleEarlyReturnConsume(s, rest) {
         return null;
     if (!isTerminating(noneBranch))
         return null;
-    return {
-        kind: "someMatch",
-        scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody: canBeFalsy(check) ? [{ kind: "if", cond: bound(check), then: rest, else: noneBranch }] : rest,
-        noneBody: noneBranch,
-    };
-}
-/** Flatten a nested `||` chain into its leaf conditions. */
-function flattenOr(e) {
-    if (e.kind === "binop" && e.op === "||")
-        return [...flattenOr(e.left), ...flattenOr(e.right)];
-    return [e];
+    return presentMatchStmts(check, rest, noneBranch);
 }
-function classifyDisjunct(leaf) {
-    // `x?.chain !== lit` — `undefined !== lit` is true when x is None.
-    if (leaf.kind === "binop" && leaf.op === "!==") {
-        const oc = leaf.left.kind === "optChain" ? leaf.left : leaf.right.kind === "optChain" ? leaf.right : null;
-        if (oc && oc.kind === "optChain" && oc.obj.ty.kind === "optional") {
-            const hint = binderHintFor(oc.obj);
-            if (hint === null)
-                return null;
-            const binder = freshName(hint);
-            const unwrapped = applyChain({ kind: "var", name: binder, ty: oc.obj.ty.inner }, oc.chain);
-            if (unwrapped.kind === "field" && unwrapped.obj.ty.kind === "user") {
-                const base = unwrapped.obj.ty.name.replace(/<.*/, "");
-                const decl = _typeDecls.find(d => d.name === base);
-                if (decl?.kind === "discriminated-union" && decl.discriminant === unwrapped.field)
-                    unwrapped.isDiscriminant = true;
-            }
-            const lit = leaf.left === oc ? leaf.right : leaf.left;
-            return { scrutinee: oc.obj, innerTy: oc.obj.ty.inner, binder, residual: { kind: "binop", op: "!==", left: unwrapped, right: lit, ty: { kind: "bool" } } };
-        }
-    }
-    // `!x` / `x === undefined`.
-    const chk = parseOptionalCheck(leaf);
-    if (chk && chk.negated) {
-        const residual = canBeFalsy(chk)
-            ? { kind: "unop", op: "!", expr: { kind: "var", name: chk.binderHint, ty: chk.innerTy }, ty: { kind: "bool" } }
-            : null;
-        return { scrutinee: chk.scrutinee, innerTy: chk.innerTy, binder: chk.binderHint, residual };
-    }
-    return null;
-}
-/** Rule: `if (D1 || … || Dn) terminate; rest`. Each `Di` that detects some optional
- *  `x` is None (`!x`, `x === undefined`, `x?.chain !== lit`) narrows that `x` to Some
- *  across `rest`; the rest — value guards reading a narrowed `x` directly, plus the
- *  detectors' Some-case residuals — become a trailing early-return. Sound: reaching
- *  `rest` means every disjunct was false, so every detected optional is present.
- *  Covers `if (!x || x.f !== v) continue` / `if (x?.t !== 'm' || x.g) break`.
- *  Closes the resolve.ts:602 TODO ("|| narrowing"). */
-function ruleEarlyReturnOrChain(s, rest) {
+/** Driver: `if (D1 || … || Dn) terminate; rest` — De-Morgan position. Each `Di`
+ *  that detects some optional `x` is None (`!x`, `x === undefined`,
+ *  `x?.chain !== lit`) narrows that `x` to Some across `rest`; the rest —
+ *  value guards reading a narrowed `x` directly, plus the detectors' Some-case
+ *  residuals — become a trailing early-return. Sound: reaching `rest` means
+ *  every disjunct was false, so every detected optional is present. */
+function ruleEarlyReturnOrChain(s, rest, ctx) {
     if (s.kind !== "if")
         return null;
     if (rest.length === 0)
@@ -320,7 +212,7 @@ function ruleEarlyReturnOrChain(s, rest) {
     const residualLeaves = [];
     const seen = new Set();
     for (const leaf of leaves) {
-        const d = classifyDisjunct(leaf);
+        const d = noneDetector(leaf, ctx);
         if (!d) {
             residualLeaves.push(leaf);
             continue;
@@ -344,17 +236,15 @@ function ruleEarlyReturnOrChain(s, rest) {
     }
     return inner[0];
 }
-/** Rule: `if (opt?.chain !== lit) terminate; rest` where `opt` is optional.
- *  `opt?.chain` is `undefined` when `opt` is None, and `undefined !== lit` is
- *  true, so the None case takes the terminating branch — falling through to
- *  `rest` proves `opt` is Some. Rewrite to
+/** Driver: `if (opt?.chain !== lit) terminate; rest` — bound-optional
+ *  early-return. `opt?.chain` is `undefined` when `opt` is None, and
+ *  `undefined !== lit` is true, so the None case takes the terminating branch —
+ *  falling through to `rest` proves `opt` is Some. Rewrite to
  *    someMatch opt { Some(v) => [if (v.chain !== lit) terminate; rest]; None => terminate }
- *  narrowing `opt` to `v` across `rest` (transform substitutes the scrutinee) and
- *  handing the now-non-optional inner guard to the ordinary rules (e.g.
- *  discriminant narrowing). Bound-optional companion to ruleEarlyReturnConsume,
- *  which handles only a bare presence check (`opt !== undefined`). Restricted to
+ *  narrowing `opt` to `v` across `rest` and handing the now-non-optional inner
+ *  guard to the ordinary rules (e.g. discriminant narrowing). Restricted to
  *  `!==` so the None case is guaranteed to terminate. */
-function ruleEarlyReturnOptChainCompare(s, rest) {
+function ruleEarlyReturnOptChainCompare(s, rest, ctx) {
     if (s.kind !== "if")
         return null;
     if (rest.length === 0)
@@ -375,16 +265,7 @@ function ruleEarlyReturnOptChainCompare(s, rest) {
     const binder = freshName(hint);
     const binderVar = { kind: "var", name: binder, ty: innerTy };
     const unwrapped = applyChain(binderVar, oc.chain);
-    // applyChain rebuilds the field without the `isDiscriminant` flag resolve sets
-    // on a direct `x.disc`; restore it when the unwrapped access is the binder
-    // union's discriminant, so the inner guard feeds discriminant narrowing.
-    if (unwrapped.kind === "field" && unwrapped.obj.ty.kind === "user") {
-        const base = unwrapped.obj.ty.name.replace(/<.*/, "");
-        const decl = _typeDecls.find(d => d.name === base);
-        if (decl?.kind === "discriminated-union" && decl.discriminant === unwrapped.field) {
-            unwrapped.isDiscriminant = true;
-        }
-    }
+    restoreDiscriminantFlag(unwrapped, ctx.decls);
     const innerGuard = { kind: "binop", op: "!==", left: unwrapped, right: lit, ty: { kind: "bool" } };
     // Keep `rest` as trailing statements (not an else branch) — `s.then` terminates,
     // so `if (g) terminate; rest` ≡ `if (g) terminate else rest`, and the trailing
@@ -393,99 +274,37 @@ function ruleEarlyReturnOptChainCompare(s, rest) {
     const someBody = [{ kind: "if", cond: innerGuard, then: s.then, else: [] }, ...rest];
     return { kind: "someMatch", scrutinee: oc.obj, binder, binderTy: innerTy, someBody, noneBody: s.then };
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `e !== undefined ? a : b`. */
+/** Driver (expression): `e !== undefined ? a : b` — presence fact in
+ *  ternary position. */
 function ruleConditionalOptionalSimple(e) {
     if (e.kind !== "conditional")
         return null;
-    const check = parseOptionalCheck(e.cond);
+    const check = presentFact(e.cond);
     if (!check)
         return null;
     const someBody = check.negated ? e.else : e.then;
     const noneBody = check.negated ? e.then : e.else;
-    return {
-        kind: "someMatch",
-        scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody: canBeFalsy(check) ? { kind: "conditional", cond: bound(check), then: someBody, else: noneBody, ty: e.ty } : someBody,
-        noneBody,
-        ty: e.ty,
-    };
-}
-/** Rule (expression): `Array.isArray(x) ==> B` or `!Array.isArray(x) ==> B` —
- *  premise narrowing for spec implications. Mirrors `ruleImplOptional` but for
- *  synth array-union discriminators.
- *  → `tagMatch x { ArrayBranch => walkExpr(B), _ => true }` (or NonArrayBranch).
- *  The other variant becomes a vacuous-true fallthrough (the implication is
- *  trivially satisfied when the premise is false). */
-function ruleImplArrayIsArray(e) {
-    if (e.kind !== "binop" || e.op !== "==>")
-        return null;
-    const pos = parseArrayIsArrayCall(e.left);
-    const neg = e.left.kind === "unop" && e.left.op === "!"
-        ? parseArrayIsArrayCall(e.left.expr)
-        : null;
-    const matched = pos ?? (neg ? { scrutinee: neg.scrutinee, typeName: neg.typeName, variant: "NonArrayBranch" } : null);
-    if (!matched)
-        return null;
-    return {
-        kind: "tagMatch",
-        scrutinee: matched.scrutinee,
-        typeName: matched.typeName,
-        cases: [{ variant: matched.variant, body: walkExpr(e.right) }],
-        fallthrough: { kind: "bool", value: true, ty: { kind: "bool" } },
-        ty: { kind: "bool" },
-    };
+    return presentMatchExpr(check, someBody, noneBody, e.ty);
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `Array.isArray(x) ? a : b` — ternary narrowing for
- *  synth array-unions. Mirrors `ruleImplArrayIsArray` but at the conditional
- *  position rather than the `==>` position.
- *  → `tagMatch x { ArrayBranch => walkExpr(a) } fallthrough walkExpr(b)`
- *  (or NonArrayBranch when the condition is negated).
- *  Inside the matched arm, bare references to `x` are rewritten to the
- *  variant's payload field (e.g. `x.arr`) by `transformExpr` when emitting
- *  the tagMatch — same mechanism `ruleImplArrayIsArray` already relies on. */
-function ruleConditionalArrayIsArray(e) {
-    if (e.kind !== "conditional")
-        return null;
-    const pos = parseArrayIsArrayCall(e.cond);
-    // `typeof x === "string"` is a positive check like `Array.isArray`, but selects
-    // the NonArrayBranch — its then-branch is the matched-variant body.
-    const tof = pos ? null : parseTypeofStringCheck(e.cond);
-    const neg = !pos && !tof && e.cond.kind === "unop" && e.cond.op === "!"
-        ? parseArrayIsArrayCall(e.cond.expr)
-        : null;
-    const matched = pos ?? tof ?? (neg ? { scrutinee: neg.scrutinee, typeName: neg.typeName, variant: "NonArrayBranch" } : null);
-    if (!matched)
-        return null;
-    const positive = pos ?? tof;
-    const thenBody = positive ? e.then : e.else;
-    const elseBody = positive ? e.else : e.then;
-    return {
-        kind: "tagMatch",
-        scrutinee: matched.scrutinee,
-        typeName: matched.typeName,
-        cases: [{ variant: matched.variant, body: walkExpr(thenBody) }],
-        fallthrough: walkExpr(elseBody),
-        ty: e.ty,
-    };
-}
-/** Rule (expression): `(path !== undefined [&& rest]) ==> B` — premise narrowing
- *  for spec implications (ensures/requires). The premise's optional checks
- *  bind narrowed values that the conclusion can use.
+/** Driver (expression): `(path !== undefined [&& rest]) ==> B` — presence
+ *  fact in implication position (spec premises). The premise's optional
+ *  checks bind narrowed values that the conclusion can use.
  *  → `someMatch path { Some(_p_val) => (rest ==> B), None => true }`.
- *  Walks the inner ==> recursively so chained checks (`a !== undefined && a.b !== undefined ==> ...`) become nested someMatches. */
-function ruleImplOptional(e) {
+ *  Walks the inner ==> recursively so chained checks become nested
+ *  someMatches. Spec form: no falsy gate (historical shape — presence
+ *  suffices in the premise). */
+function ruleImplOptional(e, ctx) {
     if (e.kind !== "binop" || e.op !== "==>")
         return null;
     let check;
     let restCond = null;
-    const extracted = extractLeftmostOptionalCheck(e.left);
+    const extracted = leadingPresent(e.left);
     if (extracted) {
         check = extracted.check;
         restCond = extracted.restCond;
     }
     else {
-        const c = parseSimpleOptionalCheck(e.left);
+        const c = presentFact(e.left);
         if (!c || c.negated)
             return null;
         check = c;
@@ -496,42 +315,23 @@ function ruleImplOptional(e) {
     return {
         kind: "someMatch",
         scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody: walkExpr(innerBody),
+        binder: check.binder,
+        someBody: walkExpr(innerBody, ctx),
         noneBody: { kind: "bool", value: true, ty: { kind: "bool" } },
         ty: { kind: "bool" },
     };
 }
-/** Apply an optional chain's steps (field / index / call) to a base expr —
- *  shared by `ruleOptChain` (base = binder) and `ruleOptChainIndex` (base = arr[i]). */
-function applyChain(body, chain) {
-    for (const step of chain) {
-        if (step.kind === "field")
-            body = { kind: "field", obj: body, field: step.name, ty: step.ty };
-        else if (step.kind === "index")
-            body = { kind: "index", obj: body, idx: step.idx, ty: step.ty };
-        else
-            body = { kind: "call", fn: body, args: step.args, ty: step.ty, callKind: step.callKind };
-    }
-    return body;
-}
-/** `0 <= idx && idx < arr.length` — the in-bounds guard for an array index. */
-function arrayBoundsCond(arr, idx) {
-    const len = { kind: "field", obj: arr, field: "length", ty: { kind: "int" } };
-    const lo = { kind: "binop", op: "<=", left: { kind: "num", value: 0, ty: { kind: "int" } }, right: idx, ty: { kind: "bool" } };
-    const hi = { kind: "binop", op: "<", left: idx, right: len, ty: { kind: "bool" } };
-    return { kind: "binop", op: "&&", left: lo, right: hi, ty: { kind: "bool" } };
-}
-/** Rule (expression): `left ?? right` — nullish coalescing.
+/** Driver (expression): `left ?? right` — nullish coalescing.
  *  → `someMatch left { Some(_v) => _v, None => right }`.
- *  Single-evaluation: scrutinee may be any expression. */
-function ruleNullish(e) {
+ *  Single-evaluation: scrutinee may be any expression. Presence-only
+ *  semantics (`??` tests null/undefined, not falsiness) — no falsy gate. */
+function ruleNullish(e, ctx) {
     if (e.kind !== "nullish")
         return null;
     if (e.left.ty.kind !== "optional")
         return null;
     const innerTy = e.left.ty.inner;
-    const binder = freshName(`_oc${_ocCounter++}_val`);
+    const binder = freshOcBinder(ctx);
     return {
         kind: "someMatch",
         scrutinee: e.left, binder, binderTy: innerTy,
@@ -540,12 +340,12 @@ function ruleNullish(e) {
         ty: e.ty,
     };
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `arr[i] ?? right` — nullish coalescing on an array index.
- *  Under noUncheckedIndexedAccess `arr[i]` is `T | undefined`, undefined exactly
- *  when out of bounds, so → `(0 <= i && i < arr.length) ? arr[i] : right`. The
- *  guarded `then` keeps the seq index in bounds for the backend. (Map index is
- *  already optional-typed and handled by ruleNullish above; this is the array
- *  case, whose element type stays non-optional in expression position.) */
+/** Driver (expression): `arr[i] ?? right` — in-bounds fact in nullish
+ *  position. Under noUncheckedIndexedAccess `arr[i]` is `T | undefined`,
+ *  undefined exactly when out of bounds, so
+ *  → `(0 <= i && i < arr.length) ? arr[i] : right`. The guarded `then`
+ *  keeps the seq index in bounds for the backend. (Map index is already
+ *  optional-typed and handled by ruleNullish above.) */
 function ruleNullishIndex(e) {
     if (e.kind !== "nullish")
         return null;
@@ -556,14 +356,12 @@ function ruleNullishIndex(e) {
     const cond = arrayBoundsCond(e.left.obj, e.left.idx);
     return { kind: "conditional", cond, then: e.left, else: e.right, ty: e.ty };
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `arr[i]?.<chain>` — optional chaining on an array index,
- *  the optChain sibling of ruleNullishIndex. `arr[i]` is `T | undefined`,
- *  undefined exactly out of bounds, so → `(0 <= i && i < arr.length) ? <chain on
- *  arr[i]> : undefined`. The conditional's optional type makes transform wrap the
- *  in-bounds chain result in Some and the OOB branch in None — the same Option<…>
- *  a directly-optional scrutinee yields via ruleOptChain, just bounds-guarded.
- *  (ruleOptChain itself bails here: an array index is typed as the non-optional
- *  element type, so its `?.` never reaches that rule.) */
+/** Driver (expression): `arr[i]?.<chain>` — in-bounds fact in optChain
+ *  position, the optChain sibling of ruleNullishIndex.
+ *  → `(0 <= i && i < arr.length) ? <chain on arr[i]> : undefined`. The
+ *  conditional's optional type makes transform wrap the in-bounds chain
+ *  result in Some and the OOB branch in None. (ruleOptChain itself bails
+ *  here: an array index is typed as the non-optional element type.) */
 function ruleOptChainIndex(e) {
     if (e.kind !== "optChain")
         return null;
@@ -576,15 +374,13 @@ function ruleOptChainIndex(e) {
     const undef = { kind: "var", name: "undefined", ty: { kind: "void" } };
     return { kind: "conditional", cond, then: body, else: undef, ty: e.ty };
 }
-/** Rule (statement): reconcile a `const e = arr[i]` whose binding is optional
- *  (`e: T | undefined`) but whose array-index initializer is total (`T`). Model
- *  the index as its JS semantics — `e := (0 <= i && i < arr.length) ? arr[i] :
- *  undefined` — so `e` is a real `Option<T>` and a later `e?.f` someMatch is
- *  well-typed; an in-bounds proof makes the None branch dead, so safely-indexed
- *  code verifies as if total. Bound-form sibling of ruleOptChainIndex /
- *  ruleNullishIndex. Fires purely on the optional-binding/total-index shape (the
- *  usual source is `noUncheckedIndexedAccess`, but the flag itself is never
- *  checked). Skipped when the element type is already optional: no mismatch. */
+/** Driver (statement): reconcile a `const e = arr[i]` whose binding is optional
+ *  (`e: T | undefined`) but whose array-index initializer is total (`T`) —
+ *  in-bounds fact in initializer position. Model the index as its JS
+ *  semantics — `e := inBounds ? arr[i] : undefined` — so `e` is a real
+ *  `Option<T>` and a later `e?.f` someMatch is well-typed; an in-bounds proof
+ *  makes the None branch dead. Skipped when the element type is already
+ *  optional: no mismatch. */
 function ruleOptionalIndexBinding(s) {
     if (s.kind !== "let")
         return null;
@@ -602,17 +398,17 @@ function ruleOptionalIndexBinding(s) {
     const guarded = { kind: "conditional", cond, then: init, else: undef, ty: s.ty };
     return { ...s, init: guarded };
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `obj?.<chain>` — single-eval optional chain.
+/** Driver (expression): `obj?.<chain>` — single-eval optional chain.
  *  → `someMatch obj { Some(_oc{N}_val) => apply(chain, _oc{N}_val), None => undefined }`.
  *  The someBody applies the chain to the binder directly (field/call/index),
  *  so transform doesn't substitute. Scrutinee can be any expression. */
-function ruleOptChain(e) {
+function ruleOptChain(e, ctx) {
     if (e.kind !== "optChain")
         return null;
     if (e.obj.ty.kind !== "optional")
         return null;
     const innerTy = e.obj.ty.inner;
-    const binder = freshName(`_oc${_ocCounter++}_val`);
+    const binder = freshOcBinder(ctx);
     const body = applyChain({ kind: "var", name: binder, ty: innerTy }, e.chain);
     const noneBody = { kind: "var", name: "undefined", ty: { kind: "void" } };
     return {
@@ -621,41 +417,12 @@ function ruleOptChain(e) {
         someBody: body, noneBody, ty: e.ty,
     };
 }
-/** Minimal structural equality on the IR shapes we narrow against: var, field
- *  chain, and index (with pure key). Enough to recognize `m[k]` on both sides
- *  of a `k in m ? m[k] : default` ternary. */
-function exprEqual(a, b) {
-    if (a.kind !== b.kind)
-        return false;
-    if (a.kind === "var" && b.kind === "var")
-        return a.name === b.name;
-    if (a.kind === "field" && b.kind === "field")
-        return a.field === b.field && exprEqual(a.obj, b.obj);
-    if (a.kind === "index" && b.kind === "index")
-        return exprEqual(a.obj, b.obj) && exprEqual(a.idx, b.idx);
-    return false;
-}
-/** Produce a reader-friendly binder hint for `m[k]` when both m and k are
- *  access-path shaped (var / field chain). Falls back to a generic counter
- *  name for computed keys. */
-function binderHintForMapAccess(m, k) {
-    const mHint = binderHintFor(m);
-    const kHint = binderHintFor(k);
-    if (mHint && kHint) {
-        // mHint is `_m_val`, kHint is `_k_val` — stitch into `_m_k_val`.
-        const mStem = mHint.replace(/_val$/, "");
-        const kStem = kHint.replace(/^_/, "").replace(/_val$/, "");
-        return freshName(`${mStem}_${kStem}_val`);
-    }
-    return freshName(`_oc${_ocCounter++}_val`);
-}
-/** Rule (expression): `k in m ? m[k] : default` where m is map-typed.
- *  The then-branch must be exactly `m[k]` (same obj, same key). This mirrors
- *  the discriminant-`in` path (line 438) but gated on `map` instead of `user`.
+/** Driver (expression): `k in m ? m[k] : default` — key-membership fact in
+ *  ternary position, m map-typed. The then-branch must be exactly `m[k]`.
  *  → `someMatch m[k] { Some(_m_k_val) => _m_k_val, None => default }`.
  *  The existing Dafny peephole collapses the result to
  *  `if k in m then m[k] else default`. */
-function ruleConditionalInMap(e) {
+function ruleConditionalInMap(e, ctx) {
     if (e.kind !== "conditional")
         return null;
     if (e.cond.kind !== "binop" || e.cond.op !== "in")
@@ -679,7 +446,7 @@ function ruleConditionalInMap(e) {
     if (e.then.ty.kind !== "optional")
         return null;
     const innerTy = m.ty.value;
-    const binder = binderHintForMapAccess(m, k);
+    const binder = binderHintForMapAccess(m, k, ctx);
     return {
         kind: "someMatch",
         scrutinee: e.then, binder, binderTy: innerTy,
@@ -687,8 +454,9 @@ function ruleConditionalInMap(e) {
         noneBody: e.else, ty: innerTy,
     };
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `opt ? a : b` (truthiness — cond itself is optional).
- *  Only fires for simple var or simple `obj.field` cond. */
+/** Driver (expression): `opt ? a : b` (truthiness — cond itself is optional).
+ *  Only fires for simple var or simple `obj.field` cond. Historical shape:
+ *  no falsy gate on the bound value (unlike the other truthiness positions). */
 function ruleConditionalOptionalTruthy(e) {
     if (e.kind !== "conditional")
         return null;
@@ -705,292 +473,45 @@ function ruleConditionalOptionalTruthy(e) {
         someBody: e.then, noneBody: e.else, ty: e.ty,
     };
 }
-/** Find the leftmost `parse`-matching conjunct anywhere in an `&&` chain,
- *  returning it plus the remaining conjunction. Conjunct order doesn't carry
- *  semantic weight, so either side is fine. Shared by the optional and
- *  Array.isArray chain extractors — they differ only in `parse`.
- *  `(x !== undefined && b) && c` → { check, restCond: b && c }. */
-function extractLeftmostCheck(cond, parse) {
-    if (cond.kind !== "binop" || cond.op !== "&&")
-        return null;
-    const left = parse(cond.left);
-    if (left)
-        return { check: left, restCond: cond.right };
-    const right = parse(cond.right);
-    if (right)
-        return { check: right, restCond: cond.left };
-    if (cond.left.kind === "binop" && cond.left.op === "&&") {
-        const inner = extractLeftmostCheck(cond.left, parse);
-        if (inner)
-            return { check: inner.check, restCond: { ...cond, left: inner.restCond } };
-    }
-    if (cond.right.kind === "binop" && cond.right.op === "&&") {
-        const inner = extractLeftmostCheck(cond.right, parse);
-        if (inner)
-            return { check: inner.check, restCond: { ...cond, right: inner.restCond } };
-    }
-    return null;
-}
-/** `&&`-chain extractor for a positive optional check. */
-function extractLeftmostOptionalCheck(cond) {
-    return extractLeftmostCheck(cond, e => {
-        const c = parseSimpleOptionalCheck(e);
-        return c && !c.negated ? c : null;
-    });
-}
-/** Rule: `if (x !== undefined && rest) then` (no else) where x is a pure
- *  access path.
+/** Driver: `if (x !== undefined && rest) then` (no else) — presence fact in
+ *  guarded-if position.
  *  → `someMatch x { Some(_x_val) => if rest then then; , None => {} }`.
- *  Walks the inner if back through narrow so that nested optional checks in rest
- *  (`a !== undefined && a.b !== undefined && ...`) also become someMatches. */
-function ruleIfAndOptional(s) {
+ *  Walks the inner if back through narrow so that nested optional checks in
+ *  rest also become someMatches. */
+function ruleIfAndOptional(s, ctx) {
     if (s.kind !== "if")
         return null;
     if (s.else.length !== 0)
         return null;
-    const extracted = extractLeftmostOptionalCheck(s.cond);
+    const extracted = leadingPresent(s.cond);
     if (!extracted)
         return null;
     const { check, restCond } = extracted;
     const innerIf = { kind: "if", cond: restCond, then: s.then, else: [] };
-    const someBody = canBeFalsy(check)
-        ? [{ kind: "if", cond: bound(check), then: [walkStmt(innerIf)], else: [] }]
-        : [walkStmt(innerIf)];
-    return {
-        kind: "someMatch",
-        scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody,
-        noneBody: [],
-    };
+    return presentMatchStmts(check, [walkStmt(innerIf, ctx)], []);
 }
-/** Rule: a bare expression statement `x !== undefined && rest` (the `if`-less
- *  guard idiom, TS-equivalent to `if (x !== undefined) rest;`) where `x` is a
- *  pure access path.
+/** Driver: a bare expression statement `x !== undefined && rest` (the
+ *  `if`-less guard idiom, TS-equivalent to `if (x !== undefined) rest;`).
  *  → `someMatch x { Some(_x_val) => rest;, None => {} }`.
- *  Runs `rest` for effect inside the narrowed scope. Wrapping `rest` as an
- *  expr-statement and walking it lets chained checks
- *  (`a !== undefined && a.b !== undefined && a.b.f()`) nest into someMatches.
- *  Unlike the ternary rule (`ruleConditionalAndOptional`), a method call in
- *  `rest` is fine here: a statement-level someMatch arm keeps it in statement
- *  position, so transform never ANF-lifts it out of the arm (which would drop
- *  the guard and reference the un-narrowed optional). */
-function ruleExprStmtAndOptional(s) {
+ *  Runs `rest` for effect inside the narrowed scope. Unlike the ternary
+ *  driver (`ruleConditionalAndOptional`), a method call in `rest` is fine
+ *  here: a statement-level someMatch arm keeps it in statement position, so
+ *  transform never ANF-lifts it out of the arm. */
+function ruleExprStmtAndOptional(s, ctx) {
     if (s.kind !== "expr")
         return null;
     if (s.expr.kind !== "binop" || s.expr.op !== "&&")
         return null;
-    const extracted = extractLeftmostOptionalCheck(s.expr);
+    const extracted = leadingPresent(s.expr);
     if (!extracted)
         return null;
     const { check, restCond } = extracted;
     const innerStmt = { kind: "expr", expr: restCond };
-    const someBody = canBeFalsy(check)
-        ? [{ kind: "if", cond: bound(check), then: [walkStmt(innerStmt)], else: [] }]
-        : [walkStmt(innerStmt)];
-    return {
-        kind: "someMatch",
-        scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody,
-        noneBody: [],
-    };
-}
-// ── Discriminant narrowing ──────────────────────────────────
-/** Detect `Array.isArray(<path>)` where `<path>` is a var or a chain of
- *  field accesses rooted at a var, and the path's type is a synthesized
- *  array-union (discriminant `"__isArray__"`). Returns the variant name to
- *  narrow to. The scrutinee is whatever path the user wrote — downstream
- *  transforms substitute it inside the matched arm. */
-function parseArrayIsArrayCall(call) {
-    if (call.kind !== "call")
-        return null;
-    if (call.fn.kind !== "field" || call.fn.field !== "isArray")
-        return null;
-    if (call.fn.obj.kind !== "var" || call.fn.obj.name !== "Array")
-        return null;
-    if (call.args.length !== 1)
-        return null;
-    const arg = call.args[0];
-    if (!isNarrowablePath(arg) || arg.ty.kind !== "user")
-        return null;
-    const baseTyName = arg.ty.name.includes("<") ? arg.ty.name.slice(0, arg.ty.name.indexOf("<")) : arg.ty.name;
-    const decl = _typeDecls.find(d => d.name === baseTyName);
-    if (decl?.kind !== "discriminated-union" || decl.discriminant !== "__isArray__")
-        return null;
-    return { scrutinee: arg, typeName: arg.ty.name, variant: "ArrayBranch" };
-}
-/** Detect `typeof <path> === "string"` where `<path>`'s type is a synth array-
- *  union (`U | T[]`) AND its `NonArrayBranch` payload `U` is itself `string`.
- *  The runtime `=== "string"` test matches that branch only when `U` is string —
- *  for any other non-array payload (`number | T[]`, …) it never holds, so we must
- *  NOT narrow. Returns the `NonArrayBranch` variant; the dual of `Array.isArray`. */
-function parseTypeofStringCheck(e) {
-    if (e.kind !== "binop" || e.op !== "===")
-        return null;
-    const tof = e.left.kind === "unop" && e.left.op === "typeof" ? e.left.expr
-        : e.right.kind === "unop" && e.right.op === "typeof" ? e.right.expr : null;
-    const lit = e.left.kind === "str" ? e.left.value : e.right.kind === "str" ? e.right.value : null;
-    if (!tof || lit !== "string")
-        return null;
-    if (!isNarrowablePath(tof) || tof.ty.kind !== "user")
-        return null;
-    const baseTyName = tof.ty.name.includes("<") ? tof.ty.name.slice(0, tof.ty.name.indexOf("<")) : tof.ty.name;
-    const decl = _typeDecls.find(d => d.name === baseTyName);
-    if (decl?.kind !== "discriminated-union" || decl.discriminant !== "__isArray__")
-        return null;
-    const valTy = decl.variants?.find(v => v.name === "NonArrayBranch")?.fields.find(f => f.name === "val")?.type;
-    if (valTy?.kind !== "string")
-        return null; // guard: the non-array branch must actually be `string`
-    return { scrutinee: tof, typeName: tof.ty.name, variant: "NonArrayBranch" };
-}
-/** A "narrowable path" is a var or a chain of field accesses rooted at a var
- *  — i.e., pure and structurally addressable, so transforms can substitute
- *  occurrences inside a matched arm without worrying about re-evaluation. */
-function isNarrowablePath(e) {
-    if (e.kind === "var")
-        return true;
-    if (e.kind === "field")
-        return isNarrowablePath(e.obj);
-    return false;
-}
-/** `&&`-chain extractor for `Array.isArray(path)` (positive form only — a negated
- *  `!Array.isArray(...)` would narrow to the wrong variant for then-body consumers,
- *  so those are left to the untouched-conditional path). */
-function extractLeftmostArrayIsArrayCheck(cond) {
-    return extractLeftmostCheck(cond, parseArrayIsArrayCall);
-}
-/** Detect `x.kind === "variant"`, `'key' in x`, or `Array.isArray(x)` (synth
- *  array-union) as a positive discriminant check. Returns the scrutinee var
- *  (with its type), type name, and variant. */
-function parseDiscriminantCond(cond) {
-    // Pattern: x.discriminant === "variant"
-    if (cond.kind === "binop" && cond.op === "===" && cond.right.kind === "str" &&
-        cond.left.kind === "field" && cond.left.isDiscriminant &&
-        cond.left.obj.kind === "var" && cond.left.obj.ty.kind === "user") {
-        return { scrutinee: cond.left.obj, typeName: cond.left.obj.ty.name, variant: cond.right.value };
-    }
-    // Pattern: 'key' in x — narrows x to the unique variant containing `key`.
-    if (cond.kind === "binop" && cond.op === "in" &&
-        cond.left.kind === "str" && cond.right.kind === "var" &&
-        cond.right.ty.kind === "user") {
-        const key = cond.left.value;
-        const typeName = cond.right.ty.name;
-        const baseTyName = typeName.includes("<") ? typeName.slice(0, typeName.indexOf("<")) : typeName;
-        const decl = _typeDecls.find(d => d.name === baseTyName);
-        if (decl?.kind === "discriminated-union" && decl.variants) {
-            const matches = decl.variants.filter(v => v.fields.some(f => f.name === key));
-            if (matches.length === 1) {
-                return { scrutinee: cond.right, typeName, variant: matches[0].name };
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    // Pattern: Array.isArray(x) — narrows x to the ArrayBranch variant of a
-    // synthesized array-union (discriminant "__isArray__"). Statement-level
-    // discriminant chains (`if (Array.isArray(x)) {...} else if (...)`) still
-    // require a bare-var scrutinee since the existing var-name-keyed
-    // replacement machinery in transform.ts only handles that shape; path
-    // scrutinees (e.g. `m.content`) are handled exclusively by
-    // `ruleConditionalArrayIsArray` and the expression-form tagMatch path.
-    const arrCheck = parseArrayIsArrayCall(cond);
-    if (arrCheck && arrCheck.scrutinee.kind === "var") {
-        return { scrutinee: arrCheck.scrutinee, typeName: arrCheck.typeName, variant: arrCheck.variant };
-    }
-    return null;
-}
-/** Detect `x.kind !== "variant"` (negative discriminant check) or
- *  `!Array.isArray(x)` (synth array-union, narrows to NonArrayBranch). */
-function parseNegativeDiscriminantCond(cond) {
-    if (cond.kind === "binop" && cond.op === "!==" && cond.right.kind === "str" &&
-        cond.left.kind === "field" && cond.left.isDiscriminant &&
-        cond.left.obj.kind === "var" && cond.left.obj.ty.kind === "user") {
-        return { scrutinee: cond.left.obj, typeName: cond.left.obj.ty.name, variant: cond.right.value };
-    }
-    // Pattern: !Array.isArray(x) — narrows x to the NonArrayBranch variant.
-    // Same var-scrutinee restriction as parseDiscriminantCond.
-    if (cond.kind === "unop" && cond.op === "!") {
-        const arrCheck = parseArrayIsArrayCall(cond.expr);
-        if (arrCheck && arrCheck.scrutinee.kind === "var") {
-            return { scrutinee: arrCheck.scrutinee, typeName: arrCheck.typeName, variant: "NonArrayBranch" };
-        }
-    }
-    return null;
-}
-function isTerminating(stmts) {
-    if (stmts.length === 0)
-        return false;
-    return isTerminatorKind(stmts[stmts.length - 1].kind);
-}
-/** Rule (list-level): consecutive `if (x.kind === "v") ...` chain → tagMatch.
- *  Walks consecutive top-level ifs on the same discriminator var; the first
- *  one with an else-branch ends the chain (else becomes fallthrough; if-else-if
- *  flattens into more cases). Returns the tagMatch and how many stmts consumed. */
-function ruleDiscriminantChain(stmts) {
-    if (stmts.length === 0 || stmts[0].kind !== "if")
-        return null;
-    const first = parseDiscriminantCond(stmts[0].cond);
-    if (!first)
-        return null;
-    const cases = [];
-    function collectElse(s) {
-        const p = parseDiscriminantCond(s.cond);
-        if (!p || p.scrutinee.name !== first.scrutinee.name)
-            return [s];
-        cases.push({ variant: p.variant, body: s.then });
-        if (s.else.length === 0)
-            return [];
-        if (s.else.length === 1 && s.else[0].kind === "if")
-            return collectElse(s.else[0]);
-        return s.else;
-    }
-    let consumed = 0;
-    for (let i = 0; i < stmts.length; i++) {
-        const s = stmts[i];
-        if (s.kind !== "if")
-            break;
-        const p = parseDiscriminantCond(s.cond);
-        if (!p || p.scrutinee.name !== first.scrutinee.name)
-            break;
-        cases.push({ variant: p.variant, body: s.then });
-        consumed = i + 1;
-        if (s.else.length > 0) {
-            const ft = (s.else.length === 1 && s.else[0].kind === "if") ? collectElse(s.else[0]) : s.else;
-            return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: first.scrutinee, typeName: first.typeName,
-                    cases, fallthrough: ft }, consumed };
-        }
-    }
-    if (cases.length === 0)
-        return null;
-    // If every case terminates, the trailing statements are the default arm
-    // (preserving the clean dispatch-as-expression shape). Otherwise the tail runs
-    // after the match for every variant, so leave it to the caller (empty default)
-    // rather than mis-routing it into the default arm only.
-    if (cases.every(c => isTerminating(c.body))) {
-        return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: first.scrutinee, typeName: first.typeName,
-                cases, fallthrough: stmts.slice(consumed) }, consumed: stmts.length };
-    }
-    return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: first.scrutinee, typeName: first.typeName,
-            cases, fallthrough: [] }, consumed };
-}
-/** Rule (list-level): `if (x.kind !== "v") terminate; rest` → tagMatch
- *  with cases = [{ variant: v, body: rest }] and fallthrough = terminate. */
-function ruleDiscriminantNegEarlyReturn(stmts) {
-    if (stmts.length < 2)
-        return null;
-    const first = stmts[0];
-    if (first.kind !== "if" || first.else.length > 0)
-        return null;
-    if (!isTerminating(first.then))
-        return null;
-    const cond = parseNegativeDiscriminantCond(first.cond);
-    if (!cond)
-        return null;
-    return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: cond.scrutinee, typeName: cond.typeName,
-            cases: [{ variant: cond.variant, body: stmts.slice(1) }], fallthrough: first.then },
-        consumed: stmts.length };
+    return presentMatchStmts(check, [walkStmt(innerStmt, ctx)], []);
 }
-/** Rule (statement): `let x = (e_opt && rest) ? a : b` where rest may contain
- *  method calls. → `var x: T := b; someMatch e_opt { Some(_v) => { if rest { x := a } } }`.
+/** Driver (statement): `let x = (e_opt && rest) ? a : b` — presence fact in
+ *  conditional-initializer position, where rest may contain method calls.
+ *  → `var x: T := b; someMatch e_opt { Some(_v) => { if rest { x := a } } }`.
  *  Statement-level form is needed because Dafny doesn't allow method calls
  *  inside match expression arms. */
 function ruleLetCondAndOptional(s) {
@@ -998,45 +519,32 @@ function ruleLetCondAndOptional(s) {
         return null;
     if (s.init.kind !== "conditional")
         return null;
-    const extracted = extractLeftmostOptionalCheck(s.init.cond);
+    const extracted = leadingPresent(s.init.cond);
     if (!extracted)
         return null;
     const { check, restCond } = extracted;
     const assignIf = { kind: "if", cond: restCond,
         then: [{ kind: "assign", target: s.name, value: s.init.then }], else: [] };
-    const someBody = canBeFalsy(check)
-        ? [{ kind: "if", cond: bound(check), then: [assignIf], else: [] }]
-        : [assignIf];
-    const sm = {
-        kind: "someMatch",
-        scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody,
-        noneBody: [],
-    };
     return [
         { kind: "let", name: s.name, ty: s.ty, mutable: true, init: s.init.else },
-        sm,
+        presentMatchStmts(check, [assignIf], []),
     ];
 }
-/** Built-in collection methods that lower to pure Dafny expressions
- *  (`x in arr`, `x in m`, `x in s`, `|s|`, `s.Keys`, etc.) even though they
- *  carry `callKind: "method"` from resolve. Safe inside match arms. */
-const PURE_BUILTIN_METHODS = new Set([
-    "includes", "has", "size", "length", "keys", "values",
-]);
 /** Does this expression contain a method call that would be lifted to a
  *  var binding outside its containing expression by transform? Such calls
  *  are unsafe inside a match arm — the lifted binding would reference a
- *  name only valid in the arm. Built-in pure methods are exempt. */
+ *  name only valid in the arm. Builtins whose registry entry is `pure`
+ *  (they lower to pure Dafny expressions: `x in arr`, `x in m`, `s.Keys`,
+ *  …) are exempt even though they carry `callKind: "method"`. */
 function containsMethodCall(e) {
     if (e.kind === "call" && e.callKind === "method" &&
-        !(e.fn.kind === "field" && PURE_BUILTIN_METHODS.has(e.fn.field))) {
+        !(e.builtinId !== undefined && builtinSpec(e.builtinId).pure)) {
         return true;
     }
     switch (e.kind) {
         case "var":
         case "num":
+        case "bigint":
         case "str":
         case "bool":
         case "havoc":
@@ -1064,19 +572,18 @@ function containsMethodCall(e) {
             (e.fallthrough ? containsMethodCall(e.fallthrough) : false);
     }
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `x !== undefined && rest ? a : b`.
+/** Driver (expression): `x !== undefined && rest ? a : b` — presence fact in
+ *  guarded-ternary position.
  *  → `someMatch x { Some(_x_val) => if rest then a else b, None => b }`.
- *  Walks the inner conditional back through narrow so chained checks
- *  (`a !== undefined && a.b !== undefined ? ... : ...`) become nested
- *  someMatches rather than leaving inner optional checks as raw conditionals.
- *  Does NOT fire if the guard `rest` contains method calls — transform lifts
- *  those out of the match arm, breaking the binder scope. The original
- *  transform's let-desugar (transformStmt let-case) handles those by lifting
- *  to a mutable var first. */
-function ruleConditionalAndOptional(e) {
+ *  Walks the inner conditional back through narrow so chained checks become
+ *  nested someMatches. Does NOT fire if the guard `rest` contains method
+ *  calls — transform lifts those out of the match arm, breaking the binder
+ *  scope. The original transform's let-desugar handles those by lifting to
+ *  a mutable var first. */
+function ruleConditionalAndOptional(e, ctx) {
     if (e.kind !== "conditional")
         return null;
-    const extracted = extractLeftmostOptionalCheck(e.cond);
+    const extracted = leadingPresent(e.cond);
     if (!extracted)
         return null;
     const { check, restCond } = extracted;
@@ -1086,48 +593,92 @@ function ruleConditionalAndOptional(e) {
         kind: "conditional",
         cond: restCond, then: e.then, else: e.else, ty: e.ty,
     };
-    const someExpr = walkExpr(innerCond);
-    const someBody = canBeFalsy(check)
-        ? { kind: "conditional", cond: bound(check), then: someExpr, else: e.else, ty: e.ty }
-        : someExpr;
+    return presentMatchExpr(check, walkExpr(innerCond, ctx), e.else, e.ty);
+}
+// ── Variant drivers (discriminants and synth array-unions) ──
+/** Driver (expression): `Array.isArray(x) ==> B` or `!Array.isArray(x) ==> B` —
+ *  isArray fact in implication position (spec premises).
+ *  → `tagMatch x { ArrayBranch => walkExpr(B), _ => true }` (or NonArrayBranch).
+ *  The other variant becomes a vacuous-true fallthrough. */
+function ruleImplArrayIsArray(e, ctx) {
+    if (e.kind !== "binop" || e.op !== "==>")
+        return null;
+    const pos = isArrayFact(e.left, ctx);
+    const neg = e.left.kind === "unop" && e.left.op === "!"
+        ? isArrayFact(e.left.expr, ctx)
+        : null;
+    const matched = pos ?? (neg ? { scrutinee: neg.scrutinee, typeName: neg.typeName, variant: "NonArrayBranch" } : null);
+    if (!matched)
+        return null;
     return {
-        kind: "someMatch",
-        scrutinee: check.scrutinee, binderTy: check.innerTy,
-        binder: check.binderHint,
-        someBody, noneBody: e.else, ty: e.ty,
+        kind: "tagMatch",
+        scrutinee: matched.scrutinee,
+        typeName: matched.typeName,
+        cases: [{ variant: matched.variant, body: walkExpr(e.right, ctx) }],
+        fallthrough: { kind: "bool", value: true, ty: { kind: "bool" } },
+        ty: { kind: "bool" },
     };
 }
-/** Rule (statement): `if (<rest> && Array.isArray(path) && <more>) then [else]`
+/** Driver (expression): `Array.isArray(x) ? a : b` — isArray fact in ternary
+ *  position (also `typeof x === "string"`, which selects the NonArrayBranch).
+ *  → `tagMatch x { <variant> => walkExpr(then-side) } fallthrough walkExpr(else-side)`.
+ *  Inside the matched arm, bare references to `x` are rewritten to the
+ *  variant's payload field by `transformExpr` when emitting the tagMatch. */
+function ruleConditionalArrayIsArray(e, ctx) {
+    if (e.kind !== "conditional")
+        return null;
+    const pos = isArrayFact(e.cond, ctx);
+    // `typeof x === "string"` is a positive check like `Array.isArray`, but selects
+    // the NonArrayBranch — its then-branch is the matched-variant body.
+    const tof = pos ? null : typeofStringFact(e.cond, ctx);
+    const neg = !pos && !tof && e.cond.kind === "unop" && e.cond.op === "!"
+        ? isArrayFact(e.cond.expr, ctx)
+        : null;
+    const matched = pos ?? tof ?? (neg ? { scrutinee: neg.scrutinee, typeName: neg.typeName, variant: "NonArrayBranch" } : null);
+    if (!matched)
+        return null;
+    const positive = pos ?? tof;
+    const thenBody = positive ? e.then : e.else;
+    const elseBody = positive ? e.else : e.then;
+    return {
+        kind: "tagMatch",
+        scrutinee: matched.scrutinee,
+        typeName: matched.typeName,
+        cases: [{ variant: matched.variant, body: walkExpr(thenBody, ctx) }],
+        fallthrough: walkExpr(elseBody, ctx),
+        ty: e.ty,
+    };
+}
+/** Driver: `if (<rest> && Array.isArray(path) && <more>) then [else]` —
+ *  isArray fact in guarded-if position.
  *  → `tagMatch path { ArrayBranch => if (<rest && more>) then [else] }`.
  *  The remaining conjuncts move inside the matched arm so any narrowing the
- *  `then` body relies on (typed `path` accesses) sees the unwrapped variant.
- *  Mirrors `ruleIfAndOptional` but for synth array-unions. */
-function ruleIfAndArrayIsArray(s) {
+ *  `then` body relies on (typed `path` accesses) sees the unwrapped variant. */
+function ruleIfAndArrayIsArray(s, ctx) {
     if (s.kind !== "if")
         return null;
-    const extracted = extractLeftmostArrayIsArrayCheck(s.cond);
+    const extracted = leadingIsArray(s.cond, ctx);
     if (!extracted)
         return null;
     const { check, restCond } = extracted;
-    // Inner if uses the remaining conjunction (or just the then-body if rest is
-    // a tautology — but in practice extractLeftmost leaves at least one other
-    // conjunct). Walk recursively so nested checks compose.
+    // Inner if uses the remaining conjunction. Walk recursively so nested
+    // checks compose.
     const innerThen = [{ kind: "if", cond: restCond, then: s.then, else: s.else }];
     return {
         kind: "tagMatch",
         scrutinee: check.scrutinee,
         typeName: check.typeName,
-        cases: [{ variant: check.variant, body: innerThen.map(walkStmt) }],
+        cases: [{ variant: check.variant, body: innerThen.map(x => walkStmt(x, ctx)) }],
         fallthrough: s.else,
     };
 }
-/** Rule (expression): `(<rest> && Array.isArray(path)) ? a : b`
- *  → `tagMatch path { ArrayBranch => (<rest>) ? a : b } fallthrough b`.
- *  Mirrors `ruleConditionalAndOptional`. */
-function ruleConditionalAndArrayIsArray(e) {
+/** Driver (expression): `(<rest> && Array.isArray(path)) ? a : b` — isArray
+ *  fact in guarded-ternary position.
+ *  → `tagMatch path { ArrayBranch => (<rest>) ? a : b } fallthrough b`. */
+function ruleConditionalAndArrayIsArray(e, ctx) {
     if (e.kind !== "conditional")
         return null;
-    const extracted = extractLeftmostArrayIsArrayCheck(e.cond);
+    const extracted = leadingIsArray(e.cond, ctx);
     if (!extracted)
         return null;
     const { check, restCond } = extracted;
@@ -1139,31 +690,99 @@ function ruleConditionalAndArrayIsArray(e) {
         kind: "tagMatch",
         scrutinee: check.scrutinee,
         typeName: check.typeName,
-        cases: [{ variant: check.variant, body: walkExpr(innerCond) }],
+        cases: [{ variant: check.variant, body: walkExpr(innerCond, ctx) }],
         fallthrough: e.else,
         ty: e.ty,
     };
 }
+/** Driver (list-level): consecutive `if (x.kind === "v") ...` chain →
+ *  tagMatch. Walks consecutive top-level ifs on the same discriminator var;
+ *  the first one with an else-branch ends the chain (else becomes
+ *  fallthrough; if-else-if flattens into more cases). Returns the tagMatch
+ *  and how many stmts consumed. */
+function ruleDiscriminantChain(stmts, ctx) {
+    if (stmts.length === 0 || stmts[0].kind !== "if")
+        return null;
+    const first = variantFact(stmts[0].cond, ctx);
+    if (!first)
+        return null;
+    const cases = [];
+    function collectElse(s) {
+        const p = variantFact(s.cond, ctx);
+        if (!p || p.scrutinee.name !== first.scrutinee.name)
+            return [s];
+        cases.push({ variant: p.variant, body: s.then });
+        if (s.else.length === 0)
+            return [];
+        if (s.else.length === 1 && s.else[0].kind === "if")
+            return collectElse(s.else[0]);
+        return s.else;
+    }
+    let consumed = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < stmts.length; i++) {
+        const s = stmts[i];
+        if (s.kind !== "if")
+            break;
+        const p = variantFact(s.cond, ctx);
+        if (!p || p.scrutinee.name !== first.scrutinee.name)
+            break;
+        cases.push({ variant: p.variant, body: s.then });
+        consumed = i + 1;
+        if (s.else.length > 0) {
+            const ft = (s.else.length === 1 && s.else[0].kind === "if") ? collectElse(s.else[0]) : s.else;
+            return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: first.scrutinee, typeName: first.typeName,
+                    cases, fallthrough: ft }, consumed };
+        }
+    }
+    if (cases.length === 0)
+        return null;
+    // If every case terminates, the trailing statements are the default arm
+    // (preserving the clean dispatch-as-expression shape). Otherwise the tail runs
+    // after the match for every variant, so leave it to the caller (empty default)
+    // rather than mis-routing it into the default arm only.
+    if (cases.every(c => isTerminating(c.body))) {
+        return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: first.scrutinee, typeName: first.typeName,
+                cases, fallthrough: stmts.slice(consumed) }, consumed: stmts.length };
+    }
+    return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: first.scrutinee, typeName: first.typeName,
+            cases, fallthrough: [] }, consumed };
+}
+/** Driver (list-level): `if (x.kind !== "v") terminate; rest` → tagMatch
+ *  with cases = [{ variant: v, body: rest }] and fallthrough = terminate. */
+function ruleDiscriminantNegEarlyReturn(stmts, ctx) {
+    if (stmts.length < 2)
+        return null;
+    const first = stmts[0];
+    if (first.kind !== "if" || first.else.length > 0)
+        return null;
+    if (!isTerminating(first.then))
+        return null;
+    const cond = negVariantFact(first.cond, ctx);
+    if (!cond)
+        return null;
+    return { stmt: { kind: "tagMatch", scrutinee: cond.scrutinee, typeName: cond.typeName,
+            cases: [{ variant: cond.variant, body: stmts.slice(1) }], fallthrough: first.then },
+        consumed: stmts.length };
+}
 // ── Function / module entry ──────────────────────────────────
-function narrowFunction(fn) {
+function narrowFunction(fn, ctx) {
     return {
         ...fn,
-        requires: fn.requires.map(e => walkExpr(e)),
-        ensures: fn.ensures.map(e => walkExpr(e)),
-        decreases: fn.decreases ? walkExpr(fn.decreases) : null,
-        body: walkStmts(fn.body),
+        requires: fn.requires.map(e => walkExpr(e, ctx)),
+        ensures: fn.ensures.map(e => walkExpr(e, ctx)),
+        decreases: fn.decreases ? walkExpr(fn.decreases, ctx) : null,
+        body: walkStmts(fn.body, ctx),
     };
 }
 export function narrowModule(mod) {
-    _ocCounter = 0;
-    _typeDecls = mod.typeDecls;
+    const ctx = { decls: mod.typeDecls, oc: { n: 0 } };
     return {
         ...mod,
-        constants: mod.constants.map(c => ({ ...c, value: walkExpr(c.value) })),
-        functions: mod.functions.map(narrowFunction),
+        constants: mod.constants.map(c => ({ ...c, value: walkExpr(c.value, ctx) })),
+        functions: mod.functions.map(fn => narrowFunction(fn, ctx)),
         classes: mod.classes.map(cls => ({
             ...cls,
-            methods: cls.methods.map(narrowFunction),
+            methods: cls.methods.map(m => narrowFunction(m, ctx)),
         })),
     };
 }