lemmascript 0.0.1 → 0.2.0

package/tools/dist/resolve.js

@@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
+/**
+ * Resolve — Raw IR → Typed IR.
+ *
+ * Uses linked environments (Scheme-style) for lexical scoping.
+ * No mutation — each let extends the chain, lookup walks it.
+ */
+import { parseTsType } from "./types.js";
+import { parseExpr } from "./specparser.js";
+function lookup(env, name) {
+    if (!env)
+        return undefined;
+    return env.name === name ? env.ty : lookup(env.parent, name);
+}
+function extend(env, name, ty) {
+    return { name, ty, parent: env };
+}
+function withEnv(ctx, env) {
+    return { ...ctx, env };
+}
+// ── TS type → Ty ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+function resolveTsType(tsType, overrides, varName) {
+    if (varName) {
+        const o = overrides.get(varName);
+        if (o)
+            return parseTsType(o);
+    }
+    return parseTsType(tsType);
+}
+/** If expr is a string literal and targetTy is a user type, coerce the literal's type. */
+function coerceStr(expr, targetTy) {
+    if (expr.kind === "str" && targetTy.kind === "user")
+        return { ...expr, ty: targetTy };
+    return expr;
+}
+// ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+/** Detect `v !== undefined` or `undefined !== v` where v: optional<T>. */
+function narrowOptional(cond, env) {
+    if (cond.kind !== "binop" || (cond.op !== "!==" && cond.op !== "==="))
+        return null;
+    // v !== undefined  OR  undefined !== v
+    let varName = null;
+    if (cond.left.kind === "var" && cond.right.kind === "var" && cond.right.name === "undefined")
+        varName = cond.left.name;
+    if (cond.right.kind === "var" && cond.left.kind === "var" && cond.left.name === "undefined")
+        varName = cond.right.name;
+    if (!varName)
+        return null;
+    const ty = lookup(env, varName);
+    if (!ty || ty.kind !== "optional")
+        return null;
+    return { varName, innerTy: ty.inner, inThen: cond.op === "!==" };
+}
+/** TS reference types that become value types in Dafny/Lean — const bindings need mutable var. */
+function isRefMutableInTS(ty) {
+    return ty.kind === "array" || ty.kind === "map" || ty.kind === "set";
+}
+function findDecl(ctx, name) {
+    return ctx.typeDecls.find(d => d.name === name);
+}
+function getDiscriminant(ctx, typeName) {
+    return findDecl(ctx, typeName)?.discriminant;
+}
+/** Infer quantifier variable type from usage in body.
+ *  If the variable is used as a map/set key (e.g. map.has(k), map.get(k)),
+ *  return the collection's key type. Otherwise return null (default to int). */
+function inferQuantVarType(varName, body, ctx) {
+    // Look for calls like map.has(k), map.get(k), or array.includes(k) where k is our variable
+    if (body.kind === "call" && body.fn.kind === "field" &&
+        (body.fn.field === "has" || body.fn.field === "get" || body.fn.field === "includes") &&
+        body.args.length === 1 && body.args[0].kind === "var" && body.args[0].name === varName) {
+        const objTy = lookup(ctx.env, body.fn.obj.kind === "var" ? body.fn.obj.name : "");
+        if (objTy?.kind === "map")
+            return objTy.key;
+        if (objTy?.kind === "set")
+            return objTy.elem;
+        if (objTy?.kind === "array")
+            return objTy.elem;
+    }
+    // Recurse into subexpressions
+    if (body.kind === "binop") {
+        return inferQuantVarType(varName, body.left, ctx) ?? inferQuantVarType(varName, body.right, ctx);
+    }
+    if (body.kind === "unop")
+        return inferQuantVarType(varName, body.expr, ctx);
+    if (body.kind === "call") {
+        for (const a of body.args) {
+            const r = inferQuantVarType(varName, a, ctx);
+            if (r)
+                return r;
+        }
+        return inferQuantVarType(varName, body.fn, ctx);
+    }
+    if (body.kind === "field")
+        return inferQuantVarType(varName, body.obj, ctx);
+    if (body.kind === "index") {
+        return inferQuantVarType(varName, body.obj, ctx) ?? inferQuantVarType(varName, body.idx, ctx);
+    }
+    if (body.kind === "conditional") {
+        return inferQuantVarType(varName, body.cond, ctx) ??
+            inferQuantVarType(varName, body.then, ctx) ?? inferQuantVarType(varName, body.else, ctx);
+    }
+    if ((body.kind === "forall" || body.kind === "exists") && body.var !== varName) {
+        return inferQuantVarType(varName, body.body, ctx);
+    }
+    if (body.kind === "arrayLiteral") {
+        for (const el of body.elems) {
+            const r = inferQuantVarType(varName, el, ctx);
+            if (r)
+                return r;
+        }
+    }
+    if (body.kind === "record") {
+        if (body.spread) {
+            const r = inferQuantVarType(varName, body.spread, ctx);
+            if (r)
+                return r;
+        }
+        for (const f of body.fields) {
+            const r = inferQuantVarType(varName, f.value, ctx);
+            if (r)
+                return r;
+        }
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+function classifyCall(fn, ctx) {
+    if (fn.kind === "field" && fn.obj.kind === "var" && fn.obj.name === "Math")
+        return "pure";
+    if (fn.kind === "var" && (ctx.inSpec || ctx.inLambda) && ctx.pureFns.has(fn.name))
+        return "spec-pure";
+    if (fn.kind === "var" && ctx.inSpec) {
+        // Not a known pure function — could be external (Lean-defined spec helper).
+        // Pass through as "pure" and let Lean catch any errors.
+        return "pure";
+    }
+    if (fn.kind === "var")
+        return "method";
+    return "unknown";
+}
+// ── Resolve expressions ──────────────────────────────────────
+function resolveExpr(e, ctx) {
+    switch (e.kind) {
+        case "var":
+            return { kind: "var", name: e.name, ty: lookup(ctx.env, e.name) ?? { kind: "unknown" } };
+        case "num":
+            if (!Number.isInteger(e.value))
+                return { kind: "num", value: e.value, ty: { kind: "real" } };
+            return { kind: "num", value: e.value, ty: e.value >= 0 ? { kind: "nat" } : { kind: "int" } };
+        case "str":
+            return { kind: "str", value: e.value, ty: { kind: "string" } };
+        case "bool":
+            return { kind: "bool", value: e.value, ty: { kind: "bool" } };
+        case "nonNull": {
+            const expr = resolveExpr(e.expr, ctx);
+            // Unwrap optional type; for map.get()!, force to direct access type
+            if (expr.kind === "call" && expr.fn.kind === "field" &&
+                expr.fn.obj.ty.kind === "map" && expr.fn.field === "get") {
+                return { ...expr, ty: expr.fn.obj.ty.value };
+            }
+            const ty = expr.ty.kind === "optional" ? expr.ty.inner : expr.ty;
+            return { ...expr, ty };
+        }
+        case "binop": {
+            let left = resolveExpr(e.left, ctx);
+            let right = resolveExpr(e.right, ctx);
+            if (e.op === "===" || e.op === "!==") {
+                left = coerceStr(left, right.ty);
+                right = coerceStr(right, left.ty);
+            }
+            let ty = { kind: "unknown" };
+            if (["===", "!==", ">=", "<=", ">", "<"].includes(e.op))
+                ty = { kind: "bool" };
+            else if (e.op === "&&")
+                ty = right.ty;
+            else if (e.op === "||" && left.ty.kind === "optional")
+                ty = left.ty.inner;
+            else if (e.op === "||")
+                ty = right.ty;
+            else if (["+", "-", "*", "/", "%"].includes(e.op)) {
+                ty = (left.ty.kind === "real" || right.ty.kind === "real") ? { kind: "real" } : left.ty;
+            }
+            return { kind: "binop", op: e.op, left, right, ty };
+        }
+        case "unop": {
+            const expr = resolveExpr(e.expr, ctx);
+            return { kind: "unop", op: e.op, expr, ty: e.op === "!" ? { kind: "bool" } : expr.ty };
+        }
+        case "call": {
+            const fn = resolveExpr(e.fn, ctx);
+            let args = e.args.map(a => resolveExpr(a, ctx));
+            // Coerce non-optional args to Option when callee expects optional param: wrap in Some
+            if (fn.kind === "var" && ctx.fnParams.has(fn.name)) {
+                const paramTys = ctx.fnParams.get(fn.name);
+                args = args.map((a, i) => {
+                    if (i < paramTys.length && a.ty.kind !== "optional" && paramTys[i].kind === "optional") {
+                        return {
+                            kind: "call",
+                            fn: { kind: "var", name: "Some", ty: paramTys[i] },
+                            args: [a],
+                            ty: paramTys[i],
+                            callKind: "pure",
+                        };
+                    }
+                    return a;
+                });
+            }
+            let ty = { kind: "unknown" };
+            // Infer return types for collection methods
+            if (fn.kind === "field" && fn.obj.ty.kind === "map") {
+                if (fn.field === "get")
+                    ty = ctx.inSpec ? fn.obj.ty.value : { kind: "optional", inner: fn.obj.ty.value };
+                else if (fn.field === "has")
+                    ty = { kind: "bool" };
+                else if (fn.field === "set")
+                    ty = fn.obj.ty;
+            }
+            else if (fn.kind === "field" && fn.obj.ty.kind === "set") {
+                if (fn.field === "has")
+                    ty = { kind: "bool" };
+                else if (fn.field === "add")
+                    ty = fn.obj.ty;
+                else if (fn.field === "delete")
+                    ty = fn.obj.ty;
+            }
+            else if (fn.kind === "field" && fn.obj.ty.kind === "array") {
+                if (fn.field === "includes")
+                    ty = { kind: "bool" };
+                else if (fn.field === "shift")
+                    ty = fn.obj.ty.elem;
+                else if (fn.field === "push")
+                    ty = fn.obj.ty;
+            }
+            else if (fn.kind === "field" && fn.obj.ty.kind === "string") {
+                if (fn.field === "trim")
+                    ty = { kind: "string" };
+                else if (fn.field === "toLowerCase")
+                    ty = { kind: "string" };
+                else if (fn.field === "toUpperCase")
+                    ty = { kind: "string" };
+                else if (fn.field === "includes")
+                    ty = { kind: "bool" };
+            }
+            return { kind: "call", fn, args, ty, callKind: classifyCall(e.fn, ctx) };
+        }
+        case "index": {
+            const obj = resolveExpr(e.obj, ctx);
+            const idx = resolveExpr(e.idx, ctx);
+            return { kind: "index", obj, idx, ty: obj.ty.kind === "array" ? obj.ty.elem : { kind: "unknown" } };
+        }
+        case "field": {
+            const obj = resolveExpr(e.obj, ctx);
+            let isDiscriminant = false;
+            let ty = { kind: "unknown" };
+            if (e.field === "length" && (obj.ty.kind === "array" || obj.ty.kind === "string")) {
+                ty = { kind: "nat" };
+            }
+            else if (e.field === "size" && (obj.ty.kind === "map" || obj.ty.kind === "set")) {
+                ty = { kind: "nat" };
+            }
+            else if (obj.ty.kind === "user") {
+                if (getDiscriminant(ctx, obj.ty.name) === e.field)
+                    isDiscriminant = true;
+                const decl = findDecl(ctx, obj.ty.name);
+                if (decl?.kind === "record") {
+                    const f = decl.fields?.find(f => f.name === e.field);
+                    if (f)
+                        ty = resolveTsType(f.tsType, ctx.overrides);
+                }
+            }
+            return { kind: "field", obj, field: e.field, ty, isDiscriminant };
+        }
+        case "record": {
+            const spread = e.spread ? resolveExpr(e.spread, ctx) : null;
+            const ty = spread ? spread.ty : { kind: "unknown" };
+            // Infer record type: from spread, or from return type context
+            const recordTy = ty.kind === "user" ? ty : ctx.returnTy.kind === "user" ? ctx.returnTy : null;
+            const decl = recordTy ? ctx.typeDecls.find(d => d.name === recordTy.name && d.kind === "record") : undefined;
+            const fields = e.fields.map(f => {
+                let value = resolveExpr(f.value, ctx);
+                const fieldDecl = decl?.fields?.find(df => df.name === f.name);
+                if (fieldDecl)
+                    value = coerceStr(value, parseTsType(fieldDecl.tsType));
+                return { name: f.name, value };
+            });
+            return { kind: "record", spread, fields, ty: recordTy ?? ty };
+        }
+        case "result":
+            if (!ctx.allowResult)
+                throw new Error("\\result is only valid in ensures");
+            return { kind: "result", ty: ctx.returnTy };
+        case "forall": {
+            const varTy = e.varType === "nat" ? { kind: "nat" }
+                : inferQuantVarType(e.var, e.body, ctx) ?? { kind: "int" };
+            return { kind: "forall", var: e.var, varTy, body: resolveExpr(e.body, withEnv(ctx, extend(ctx.env, e.var, varTy))), ty: { kind: "bool" } };
+        }
+        case "exists": {
+            const varTy = e.varType === "nat" ? { kind: "nat" }
+                : inferQuantVarType(e.var, e.body, ctx) ?? { kind: "int" };
+            return { kind: "exists", var: e.var, varTy, body: resolveExpr(e.body, withEnv(ctx, extend(ctx.env, e.var, varTy))), ty: { kind: "bool" } };
+        }
+        case "arrayLiteral": {
+            const elems = e.elems.map(el => resolveExpr(el, ctx));
+            const elemTy = elems.length > 0 ? elems[0].ty : { kind: "unknown" };
+            return { kind: "arrayLiteral", elems, ty: { kind: "array", elem: elemTy } };
+        }
+        case "lambda": {
+            // Resolve lambda params — types from explicit annotation or unknown
+            const params = e.params.map(p => ({
+                name: p.name,
+                ty: p.tsType ? parseTsType(p.tsType) : { kind: "unknown" },
+            }));
+            // Extend env with lambda params
+            let lambdaEnv = ctx.env;
+            for (const p of params)
+                lambdaEnv = extend(lambdaEnv, p.name, p.ty);
+            const lambdaCtx = { ...withEnv(ctx, lambdaEnv), inLambda: true };
+            // Body: expression (wrap in return stmt) or statement block
+            const body = Array.isArray(e.body)
+                ? resolveBlock(e.body, lambdaCtx)
+                : [{ kind: "return", value: resolveExpr(e.body, lambdaCtx) }];
+            return { kind: "lambda", params, body, ty: { kind: "unknown" } };
+        }
+        case "conditional": {
+            const cond = resolveExpr(e.cond, ctx);
+            let then_ = resolveExpr(e.then, ctx);
+            let else_ = resolveExpr(e.else, ctx);
+            then_ = coerceStr(then_, else_.ty);
+            else_ = coerceStr(else_, then_.ty);
+            const ty = then_.ty.kind !== "unknown" ? then_.ty : else_.ty;
+            return { kind: "conditional", cond, then: then_, else: else_, ty };
+        }
+        case "emptyCollection": {
+            const ty = parseTsType(e.tsType);
+            return { kind: "arrayLiteral", elems: [], ty };
+        }
+        case "havoc":
+            return { kind: "havoc", ty: resolveTsType(e.tsType, ctx.overrides) };
+    }
+}
+// ── Resolve specs ────────────────────────────────────────────
+function resolveSpec(spec, ctx) {
+    return resolveExpr(parseExpr(spec), ctx);
+}
+function resolveSpecs(specs, ctx) {
+    const result = [];
+    for (const spec of specs) {
+        for (const clause of splitConj(parseExpr(spec))) {
+            result.push(resolveExpr(clause, ctx));
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+function splitConj(e) {
+    if (e.kind === "binop" && e.op === "&&")
+        return [...splitConj(e.left), ...splitConj(e.right)];
+    return [e];
+}
+// ── Resolve statements ───────────────────────────────────────
+function resolveBlock(stmts, ctx) {
+    const result = [];
+    let env = ctx.env;
+    for (const s of stmts) {
+        const [typed, nextEnv] = resolveStmt(s, withEnv(ctx, env));
+        result.push(typed);
+        env = nextEnv;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+function resolveStmt(s, ctx) {
+    switch (s.kind) {
+        case "let": {
+            const ty = resolveTsType(s.tsType, ctx.overrides, s.name);
+            const init = coerceStr(resolveExpr(s.init, ctx), ty);
+            // const collections are mutable in value-semantics world (TS mutates in place, Dafny/Lean reassign)
+            const mutable = s.mutable || isRefMutableInTS(ty);
+            return [{ kind: "let", name: s.name, ty, mutable, init }, extend(ctx.env, s.name, ty)];
+        }
+        case "assign": {
+            const targetTy = lookup(ctx.env, s.target) ?? { kind: "unknown" };
+            return [{ kind: "assign", target: s.target, value: coerceStr(resolveExpr(s.value, ctx), targetTy) }, ctx.env];
+        }
+        case "return":
+            return [{ kind: "return", value: coerceStr(resolveExpr(s.value, ctx), ctx.returnTy) }, ctx.env];
+        case "break":
+            return [{ kind: "break" }, ctx.env];
+        case "continue":
+            return [{ kind: "continue" }, ctx.env];
+        case "expr":
+            return [{ kind: "expr", expr: resolveExpr(s.expr, ctx) }, ctx.env];
+        case "if": {
+            // Narrow optional<T> → T when checking !== undefined or undefined !==
+            let thenCtx = ctx, elseCtx = ctx;
+            const narrowed = narrowOptional(s.cond, ctx.env);
+            if (narrowed) {
+                const env = extend(ctx.env, narrowed.varName, narrowed.innerTy);
+                if (narrowed.inThen)
+                    thenCtx = withEnv(ctx, env);
+                else
+                    elseCtx = withEnv(ctx, env);
+            }
+            return [{ kind: "if", cond: resolveExpr(s.cond, ctx), then: resolveBlock(s.then, thenCtx), else: resolveBlock(s.else, elseCtx) }, ctx.env];
+        }
+        case "while": {
+            const whileSpecCtx = { ...ctx, inSpec: true };
+            return [{
+                    kind: "while",
+                    cond: resolveExpr(s.cond, ctx),
+                    invariants: resolveSpecs(s.invariants, whileSpecCtx),
+                    decreases: s.decreases ? resolveSpec(s.decreases, whileSpecCtx) : null,
+                    doneWith: s.doneWith ? resolveSpec(s.doneWith, whileSpecCtx) : null,
+                    body: resolveBlock(s.body, ctx),
+                }, ctx.env];
+        }
+        case "forof": {
+            const iterable = resolveExpr(s.iterable, ctx);
+            // Determine element types for each destructured name
+            const nameTypes = [];
+            let env = ctx.env;
+            if (s.names.length === 1) {
+                // Single name: element type from array/set
+                const elemTy = iterable.ty.kind === "array" ? iterable.ty.elem
+                    : iterable.ty.kind === "set" ? iterable.ty.elem
+                        : { kind: "unknown" };
+                nameTypes.push(elemTy);
+            }
+            else if (s.names.length >= 2 && iterable.ty.kind === "map") {
+                // Map destructuring: [key, value]
+                nameTypes.push(iterable.ty.key, iterable.ty.value);
+            }
+            else {
+                // General tuple destructuring: all unknown
+                for (const _ of s.names)
+                    nameTypes.push({ kind: "unknown" });
+            }
+            const idxName = `_${s.names[0]}_idx`;
+            env = extend(env, idxName, { kind: "nat" });
+            for (let j = 0; j < s.names.length; j++) {
+                env = extend(env, s.names[j], nameTypes[j] ?? { kind: "unknown" });
+            }
+            const bodyCtx = withEnv(ctx, env);
+            return [{
+                    kind: "forof", names: s.names, nameTypes, iterable,
+                    invariants: resolveSpecs(s.invariants, { ...bodyCtx, inSpec: true }),
+                    doneWith: s.doneWith ? resolveSpec(s.doneWith, { ...bodyCtx, inSpec: true }) : null,
+                    body: resolveBlock(s.body, bodyCtx),
+                }, ctx.env];
+        }
+        case "throw":
+            return [{ kind: "throw" }, ctx.env];
+        case "switch":
+            return [{
+                    kind: "switch", expr: resolveExpr(s.expr, ctx), discriminant: s.discriminant,
+                    cases: s.cases.map(c => ({ label: c.label, body: resolveBlock(c.body, ctx) })),
+                    defaultBody: resolveBlock(s.defaultBody, ctx),
+                }, ctx.env];
+        case "ghostLet": {
+            const specCtx = { ...ctx, inSpec: true };
+            // Handle new Set<T>() / new Map<K,V>() constructors
+            const collMatch = s.init.match(/^new\s+(Set|Map)<(.+)>\(\)$/);
+            const init = collMatch
+                ? resolveExpr({ kind: "emptyCollection", collectionType: collMatch[1], tsType: `${collMatch[1]}<${collMatch[2]}>` }, specCtx)
+                : resolveExpr(parseExpr(s.init), specCtx);
+            const ty = s.tsType ? parseTsType(s.tsType) : init.ty;
+            return [{ kind: "ghostLet", name: s.name, ty, init }, extend(ctx.env, s.name, ty)];
+        }
+        case "ghostAssign": {
+            const specCtx = { ...ctx, inSpec: true };
+            const value = resolveExpr(parseExpr(s.value), specCtx);
+            return [{ kind: "ghostAssign", target: s.target, value }, ctx.env];
+        }
+        case "assert": {
+            const specCtx = { ...ctx, inSpec: true };
+            const expr = resolveExpr(parseExpr(s.expr), specCtx);
+            return [{ kind: "assert", expr }, ctx.env];
+        }
+    }
+}
+// ── Pure / return-in-loop detection ──────────────────────────
+/** Syntactic purity: no while, no for-of, no mutable let. */
+function isSyntacticallyPure(stmts) {
+    for (const s of stmts) {
+        switch (s.kind) {
+            case "while":
+            case "forof": return false;
+            case "let":
+                if (s.mutable)
+                    return false;
+                break;
+            case "if":
+                if (!isSyntacticallyPure(s.then) || !isSyntacticallyPure(s.else))
+                    return false;
+                break;
+            case "switch":
+                if (!s.cases.every(c => isSyntacticallyPure(c.body)) || !isSyntacticallyPure(s.defaultBody))
+                    return false;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+// ── Call graph ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+/** Collect all same-file function calls from expressions (including inside lambdas). */
+function collectCallsExpr(e, fns, out) {
+    switch (e.kind) {
+        case "call":
+            if (e.fn.kind === "var" && fns.has(e.fn.name))
+                out.add(e.fn.name);
+            collectCallsExpr(e.fn, fns, out);
+            for (const a of e.args)
+                collectCallsExpr(a, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "binop":
+            collectCallsExpr(e.left, fns, out);
+            collectCallsExpr(e.right, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "unop":
+            collectCallsExpr(e.expr, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "field":
+            collectCallsExpr(e.obj, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "index":
+            collectCallsExpr(e.obj, fns, out);
+            collectCallsExpr(e.idx, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "record":
+            if (e.spread)
+                collectCallsExpr(e.spread, fns, out);
+            for (const f of e.fields)
+                collectCallsExpr(f.value, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "arrayLiteral":
+            for (const el of e.elems)
+                collectCallsExpr(el, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "lambda":
+            if (Array.isArray(e.body))
+                collectCallsStmts(e.body, fns, out);
+            else
+                collectCallsExpr(e.body, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "forall":
+        case "exists":
+            collectCallsExpr(e.body, fns, out);
+            return;
+        case "conditional":
+            collectCallsExpr(e.cond, fns, out);
+            collectCallsExpr(e.then, fns, out);
+            collectCallsExpr(e.else, fns, out);
+            return;
+    }
+}
+function collectCallsStmts(stmts, fns, out) {
+    for (const s of stmts) {
+        switch (s.kind) {
+            case "let":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.init, fns, out);
+                break;
+            case "assign":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.value, fns, out);
+                break;
+            case "return":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.value, fns, out);
+                break;
+            case "expr":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.expr, fns, out);
+                break;
+            case "if":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.cond, fns, out);
+                collectCallsStmts(s.then, fns, out);
+                collectCallsStmts(s.else, fns, out);
+                break;
+            case "while":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.cond, fns, out);
+                collectCallsStmts(s.body, fns, out);
+                break;
+            case "forof":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.iterable, fns, out);
+                collectCallsStmts(s.body, fns, out);
+                break;
+            case "switch":
+                collectCallsExpr(s.expr, fns, out);
+                for (const c of s.cases)
+                    collectCallsStmts(c.body, fns, out);
+                collectCallsStmts(s.defaultBody, fns, out);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+function computePureFns(functions) {
+    const allFnNames = new Set(functions.map(fn => fn.name));
+    // Build call graph: fn → set of same-file functions it calls
+    const callGraph = new Map();
+    for (const fn of functions) {
+        const calls = new Set();
+        collectCallsStmts(fn.body, allFnNames, calls);
+        callGraph.set(fn.name, calls);
+    }
+    // Seed: syntactically non-pure functions
+    const nonPure = new Set(functions.filter(fn => !isSyntacticallyPure(fn.body)).map(fn => fn.name));
+    // Build reverse graph: fn → set of functions that call it
+    const callers = new Map();
+    for (const name of allFnNames)
+        callers.set(name, new Set());
+    for (const [caller, callees] of callGraph) {
+        for (const callee of callees)
+            callers.get(callee).add(caller);
+    }
+    // Propagate impurity through reverse call graph
+    const worklist = [...nonPure];
+    while (worklist.length > 0) {
+        const fn = worklist.pop();
+        for (const caller of callers.get(fn) ?? []) {
+            if (!nonPure.has(caller)) {
+                nonPure.add(caller);
+                worklist.push(caller);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return new Set(functions.map(fn => fn.name).filter(name => !nonPure.has(name)));
+}
+function hasReturnInLoop(stmts) {
+    for (const s of stmts) {
+        if ((s.kind === "while" || s.kind === "forof") && containsReturn(s.body))
+            return true;
+        if (s.kind === "if" && (hasReturnInLoop(s.then) || hasReturnInLoop(s.else)))
+            return true;
+        if (s.kind === "switch" && (s.cases.some(c => hasReturnInLoop(c.body)) || hasReturnInLoop(s.defaultBody)))
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+function containsReturn(stmts) {
+    for (const s of stmts) {
+        if (s.kind === "return")
+            return true;
+        if (s.kind === "if" && (containsReturn(s.then) || containsReturn(s.else)))
+            return true;
+        if ((s.kind === "while" || s.kind === "forof") && containsReturn(s.body))
+            return true;
+        if (s.kind === "switch" && (s.cases.some(c => containsReturn(c.body)) || containsReturn(s.defaultBody)))
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+// ── Resolve function / module ────────────────────────────────
+function resolveFunction(fn, typeDecls, pureFns, fnParams = new Map()) {
+    if (hasReturnInLoop(fn.body)) {
+        throw new Error(`${fn.name}: return inside a loop is not supported.`);
+    }
+    const overrides = new Map(fn.typeAnnotations.map(a => [a.name, a.type]));
+    const params = fn.params.map(p => ({ name: p.name, ty: resolveTsType(p.tsType, overrides, p.name) }));
+    const returnTy = resolveTsType(fn.returnType, overrides, "\\result");
+    let env = null;
+    for (const p of params)
+        env = extend(env, p.name, p.ty);
+    const baseCtx = { env, typeDecls, overrides, allowResult: false, returnTy, pureFns, fnParams, inSpec: false, inLambda: false };
+    const requiresCtx = { ...baseCtx, inSpec: true };
+    const ensuresCtx = { ...baseCtx, allowResult: true, inSpec: true };
+    return {
+        name: fn.name, params, returnTy,
+        requires: resolveSpecs(fn.requires, requiresCtx),
+        ensures: resolveSpecs(fn.ensures, ensuresCtx),
+        isPure: pureFns.has(fn.name),
+        body: resolveBlock(fn.body, baseCtx),
+    };
+}
+function resolveClass(cls, typeDecls, pureFns, fnParams = new Map()) {
+    const fields = cls.fields.map(f => ({ name: f.name, ty: parseTsType(f.tsType) }));
+    // Create a synthetic record type for 'this' so field access resolves
+    const thisType = { kind: "user", name: cls.name };
+    const thisDecl = { name: cls.name, kind: "record", fields: cls.fields.map(f => ({ name: f.name, tsType: f.tsType })) };
+    const allTypeDecls = [...typeDecls, thisDecl];
+    const methods = cls.methods.map(fn => {
+        // Add 'this' to the environment
+        const overrides = new Map(fn.typeAnnotations.map(a => [a.name, a.type]));
+        const params = fn.params.map(p => ({ name: p.name, ty: resolveTsType(p.tsType, overrides, p.name) }));
+        const returnTy = resolveTsType(fn.returnType, overrides, "\\result");
+        let env = null;
+        env = extend(env, "this", thisType);
+        for (const p of params)
+            env = extend(env, p.name, p.ty);
+        const baseCtx = { env, typeDecls: allTypeDecls, overrides, allowResult: false, returnTy, pureFns, fnParams, inSpec: false, inLambda: false };
+        const requiresCtx = { ...baseCtx, inSpec: true };
+        const ensuresCtx = { ...baseCtx, allowResult: true, inSpec: true };
+        return {
+            name: fn.name, params, returnTy,
+            requires: resolveSpecs(fn.requires, requiresCtx),
+            ensures: resolveSpecs(fn.ensures, ensuresCtx),
+            isPure: false, // class methods are never pure (they access this)
+            body: resolveBlock(fn.body, baseCtx),
+        };
+    });
+    return { name: cls.name, fields, methods };
+}
+export function resolveModule(raw) {
+    const pureFns = computePureFns(raw.functions);
+    // Pre-compute function parameter types for optional coercion
+    const fnParams = new Map();
+    for (const fn of raw.functions) {
+        const overrides = new Map(fn.typeAnnotations.map(a => [a.name, a.type]));
+        fnParams.set(fn.name, fn.params.map(p => resolveTsType(p.tsType, overrides, p.name)));
+    }
+    const emptyCtx = { env: null, typeDecls: raw.typeDecls, overrides: new Map(), allowResult: false, returnTy: { kind: "int" }, pureFns, fnParams, inSpec: false, inLambda: false };
+    const constants = (raw.constants ?? []).map(c => ({
+        name: c.name,
+        ty: parseTsType(c.tsType),
+        value: resolveExpr(c.value, emptyCtx),
+    }));
+    return {
+        file: raw.file,
+        typeDecls: raw.typeDecls,
+        constants,
+        functions: raw.functions.map(fn => resolveFunction(fn, raw.typeDecls, pureFns, fnParams)),
+        classes: (raw.classes ?? []).map(cls => resolveClass(cls, raw.typeDecls, pureFns, fnParams)),
+    };
+}