ldr 0.31.0 → 0.33.0

package/README.md

@@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ MPD-embedded parts, such as Studio/OMR unofficial parts or stickers, become part
 | `ldrawSpace` | `false` | `true` keeps native LDraw space (-Y up). |
 | `scale` | `1` | Uniform scale (1 = 1 LDU; 1 stud = 20 LDU). |
 | `step` | all | Initial build step (inclusive, 0-based). |
-| `lod` | `true` | Distance LOD, re-selected for each camera you render with. Batches are split into spatial clusters (off-screen ones are frustum-culled). Each cluster draws the coarsest simplified mesh (from `lod` packs) whose error stays under `lodPx`, drops studs whose 12-LDU disc is under `lodPx`, and hides edges where a stud spans less than `lodEdgePx`. |
+| `lod` | `true` | Distance LOD, re-selected for each camera you render with. Batches are split into spatial clusters (off-screen ones are frustum-culled). Each cluster draws the coarsest simplified mesh (from `lod` packs) whose error stays under `lodPx`, swaps closed studs to a 10-triangle square stud then a flat disc, and drops them once their 12-LDU disc is under `lodPx`, and hides edges where a stud spans less than `lodEdgePx`. |
 | `lodPx` | `0.5` | LOD: maximum screen-space error in pixels. |
 | `lodEdgePx` | `0.5` | LOD: draw edge and conditional lines only where one stud (20 LDU) spans at least this many pixels. `0` = always. |
-| `lodEdgeMinPx` | `0.15` | LOD: draw only edge segments at least this many pixels long on screen. `0` = every segment. |
+| `lodEdgeMinPx` | `0.4` | LOD: draw only edge segments at least this many pixels long on screen. `0` = every segment. |
 | `lodUnder` | `true` | LOD: skip undersides that can't be seen (camera behind every bottom face of a cluster's parts, or the body drawn as its closed bounding box). Lossless in the fidelity checks. |
 
 `LdrObject`: `object`, `stats` (`instances`, `drawn`, `missing[]`, `studsHidden/Total`, `undersHidden/Total`, `buildMs`, `condBatches`, `texBatches`, `textures`, `glossmaps`, `clusters`), `stepCount`, `stepViews`, `texturesReady`, `setStep(n | null)`, `setEdges(on)`, `setConditionalLines(on)`, `setCulling(studs, undersides)`, `setSide(side)`, `setLod(on)`, `setGhost(on, { opacity, color, whiten }?)`, `getBox(target?)`, `dispose()`.
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ Sources: `bench/results/2026-10-18T18-10-46-518Z-falcon-vs-stock.md` (the Falcon
 | Millennium Falcon ×19 | 100,054 | 54.2 ms | **19.6 ms** | 2.04 s | **0.38 s** |
 | Millennium Falcon ×75 | 394,950 | 204.7 ms | **29.2 ms** | 2.40 s | **1.03 s** |
 
-The benchmark model is a fleet: the LDraw OMR model of set 10179 (UCS Millennium Falcon, 5,266 parts, 251 unique) placed 2, 19 or 75 times on a grid (`apps/demo-site/scripts/build-fleet.ts`). It is a hard case for ldr: dense, detailed ships stay large on screen, so distance LOD can't drop much and the overview still draws ~32M triangles; on two ships ldr only matches stock instancing per frame (it still loads 14× faster). Datsville, the benchmark until Round 60 (a flat town, 392,514 bricks, mostly baseplates), went from 409.6 to 12.5 ms per frame and 24.7 to 1.6 s load.
+The benchmark model is a fleet: the LDraw OMR model of set 10179 (UCS Millennium Falcon, 5,266 parts, 251 unique) placed 2, 19 or 75 times on a grid (`apps/demo-site/scripts/build-fleet.ts`). It is a hard case for ldr: dense, detailed ships stay large on screen, so distance LOD can't drop much and the overview still draws ~22M triangles (32M before Round 62's cluster-box distances, 27M before Round 63's square-stud mid LOD); on two ships ldr only matches stock instancing per frame (it still loads 14× faster). Datsville, the benchmark until Round 60 (a flat town, 392,514 bricks, mostly baseplates), went from 409.6 to 12.5 ms per frame and 24.7 to 1.6 s load.
 
 How much each optimization contributed on Datsville 100k (Rounds 1–20, before the Falcon fleets), in ms per frame: welding 108.1 → 64.6, stud culling → 50.8, underside culling → 41.7, low-detail studs → 31.0, single-sided faces → 30.1. Triangles per frame drop from 142.7M to 59.1M. Distance LOD (Rounds 19–20: simplified and bounding-box levels with a silhouette-coverage error, sub-pixel studs dropped, undersides skipped where they can't be seen) then takes it to 4.4 ms and 4.0M triangles; ≤ 1.5% of pixels differ from full detail (mostly sub-pixel stud moiré).
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ How much each optimization contributed on Datsville 100k (Rounds 1–20, before
   - Full Datsville: **1.7 → 9.9 fps**.
   - Datsville 100k: **8 → 43.5 fps**.
 - **Conditional lines** (opt-in `cond` packs) cost **+12–14 %** frame time on Datsville 10k and 100k (M4 Pro, before Round 60), and add 7–14 % to the zstd pack size.
-- **Edges:** with LOD, edges take the Falcon fleet from 19.8 → 42.2 ms (19 ships) and 29.4 → 56.3 ms (75 ships). Each cluster draws only edge segments at least 0.15 px long (`lodEdgeMinPx`) and none where bricks are sub-pixel (`lodEdgePx`), which saves little on ships that fill the screen. Far views drawn with edges get lighter (≤ 4.7% of pixels on Datsville overviews, 0.27% on the fleet); `lodEdgeMinPx: 0, lodEdgePx: 0` keeps every edge.
+- **Edges:** with LOD, edges take the Falcon fleet from 11.6 → 15.1 ms (19 ships) and 18.5 → 23.9 ms (75 ships) on the Mac Mini M6; before Round 62 they cost 12.8 → 33.3 and 19.3 → 45.1 ms there. Each cluster draws only edge segments at least 0.4 px long on screen (`lodEdgeMinPx`; 0.15 px until Round 62, when 85% of the segments drawn at the fleet overview were 0.15–0.5 px long and each darkened a whole pixel, so far ships looked charcoal) and none where bricks are sub-pixel (`lodEdgePx`). Far views drawn with edges get lighter: 2.6% of pixels differ from every-edge rendering on the 19-ship overview, 0.8% on the SF city, up to 4.7% on Datsville overviews. `lodEdgeMinPx: 0, lodEdgePx: 0` keeps every edge.
 - **Build steps:** `setStep` takes 39 ms on the 19-ship fleet (26,619 steps); on Datsville 100k it went from a full rebuild (752 ms) to 66 ms.
 - **Visual fidelity:** pixel diffs show culling and single-sided faces are lossless (≤ 0.009 % of pixels differ). Low-detail studs only change stud silhouettes.
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Reproduce: `cd bench && bun run setup && bun run perf` (regression gate) or `bun
 - **ROTSTEP** is reported (`stepViews`, `instance.view`), not applied; `planStepViews` takes a `fixed(step)` override if you want to honour it.
 - **Packs are static:** they hold only the parts they were built for. A model that uses parts missing from the pack lists them in `stats.missing`.
 - **Occlusion culling:** beyond hidden studs and undersides there is no occlusion culling (bricks enclosed by other bricks are still drawn). Frustum culling and LOD apply per spatial cluster.
-- **LOD and edges:** edge LOD drops sub-pixel edge segments and hides edges where bricks are a fraction of a pixel, which visibly lightens far-away views drawn with edges (up to 4.7% of pixels on Datsville overviews). Set `lodEdgeMinPx: 0, lodEdgePx: 0` to keep every edge (much slower on large models), or `lod: false` to turn LOD off entirely.
+- **LOD and edges:** edge LOD drops sub-pixel edge segments and hides edges where bricks are a fraction of a pixel, which visibly lightens far-away views drawn with edges (2.6% of pixels on the 19-ship Falcon overview, up to 4.7% on Datsville overviews). Set `lodEdgeMinPx: 0, lodEdgePx: 0` to keep every edge (much slower on large models), or `lod: false` to turn LOD off entirely.
 
 ## Attribution and license
 

package/dist/cli.js

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/cli.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/cli.ts
 import fs4 from "node:fs";
 import zlib from "node:zlib";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/build-pack.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/build-pack.ts
 import fs3 from "node:fs";
 import path3 from "node:path";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/resolver.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/resolver.ts
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/spec.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/spec.ts
 var norm = (s) => s.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/\\/g, "/").replace(/\/+/g, "/");
 var COLOUR_ID_RE = /^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/;
 var namedCodes = new Map;
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ function fileStepViews(f) {
   return out;
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/model.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/model.ts
 var CALLOUT_END = 999999;
 var stepKey = (steps) => steps.map((x) => String(x).padStart(6, "0")).join(".") + "~";
 var defLine = new WeakMap;
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ function blendedColourHex(code) {
   return "#" + [0, 1, 2].map((k) => (a[k] + b[k] >> 1).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("").toUpperCase();
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/resolver.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/resolver.ts
 var TOP_STUD_RE = /^(stud|studa|stud2|stud2a|stud6|stud6a|stud10|stud15|stud2s|stud2s2|stud-logo\d*|stud2-logo\d*)\.dat$/i;
 var UNDER_STUD_RE = /^(stud3|stud3a|stud4.*|stud12|stud16.*|stud18a)\.dat$/i;
 var norm2 = (ref) => ref.trim().replace(/\\/g, "/").toLowerCase();
@@ -1465,11 +1465,11 @@ function collectDeps(lib, refs) {
   return out;
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/compile.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/compile.ts
 import fs2 from "node:fs";
 import path2 from "node:path";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/lod.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/lod.ts
 import { MeshoptSimplifier, MeshoptEncoder } from "meshoptimizer";
 await Promise.all([MeshoptSimplifier.ready, MeshoptEncoder.ready]);
 function reorderMesh(P, N, C, I) {
@@ -1661,7 +1661,7 @@ function lodChain(P, C, I) {
   return out;
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/compile.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/compile.ts
 function loadColors(root) {
   const map = new Map;
   for (const l of fs2.readFileSync(path2.join(root, "LDConfig.ldr"), "latin1").split(/\r?\n/)) {
@@ -2376,7 +2376,7 @@ function encodePack(parts, studKinds, weld, extra, options = {}) {
   return Buffer.concat([head, ...chunks.map((c) => new Uint8Array(c.buffer, c.byteOffset, c.byteLength))]);
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/build-pack.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/build-pack.ts
 function packCompilerOpts(o) {
   return { studs: o.studs ?? "low", prims: o.primitives ?? "full", weld: o.weld ?? true, separateStuds: true, cond: !!o.cond, tex: !!o.textures };
 }
@@ -2449,7 +2449,7 @@ function buildPack(o) {
   return { data: encodePack(parts, kinds, comp.opts.weld, extra, { texture, lod: o.lod !== false, reorder: !!o.reorder }), parts: parts.size, studKinds: kinds.size, missing: [...missing], ...warnings.length ? { warnings } : {} };
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/cli.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/cli.ts
 var HELP = `ldr pack — build a parts pack for the ldr three.js renderer
 
 Usage:

package/dist/index.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/spec.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/spec.ts
 var norm = (s) => s.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/\\/g, "/").replace(/\/+/g, "/");
 var COLOUR_ID_RE = /^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/;
 var namedCodes = new Map;
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ function fileStepViews(f) {
   viewMemo.set(f, out);
   return out;
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/model.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/model.ts
 var CALLOUT_END = 999999;
 var stepKey = (steps) => steps.map((x) => String(x).padStart(6, "0")).join(".") + "~";
 var defLine = new WeakMap;
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ function blendedColourHex(code) {
   const a = LDRAW_EXE_16[code - 256 >> 4], b = LDRAW_EXE_16[code - 256 & 15];
   return "#" + [0, 1, 2].map((k) => (a[k] + b[k] >> 1).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("").toUpperCase();
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/instructions.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/instructions.ts
 var MIN_VIS = 0.5;
 var REORIENT = 0.35;
 var deg = Math.PI / 180;
@@ -1489,10 +1489,10 @@ function planStepViews(insts, parts, stepOf, nSteps, o = {}) {
     }
   };
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/render.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/render.ts
 import * as THREE from "three";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/pack-io.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/pack-io.ts
 import { decompress } from "fzstd";
 async function decompressPack(data) {
   const u = data instanceof Uint8Array ? data : new Uint8Array(data);
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ function decodePack(buf) {
   return { header, arr, bytes: buf.byteLength, buffer: buf };
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/cull.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/cull.ts
 var upright = (m, o = 0) => Math.abs(m[o + 7] - 1) < 0.001 && Math.abs(m[o + 4]) < 0.001 && Math.abs(m[o + 10]) < 0.001;
 var prepCache = new WeakMap;
 function prepPart(H, part) {
@@ -1863,7 +1863,7 @@ function precomputeCull(instances, H, useTex = true) {
   return cullCore(s.all, H, s.nSteps > 1 ? s.stepOf : undefined);
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/render.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/render.ts
 async function loadPack(url) {
   const res = await fetch(url);
   if (!res.ok)
@@ -2335,6 +2335,43 @@ function instancedBoundingSphere(im) {
   im.boundingSphere = sph;
   return sph;
 }
+function instancedBoundingBox(im) {
+  const g = im.geometry;
+  if (!g.boundingBox)
+    g.computeBoundingBox();
+  const gb = g.boundingBox;
+  if (gb.isEmpty())
+    return;
+  const hx = (gb.max.x - gb.min.x) / 2, hy = (gb.max.y - gb.min.y) / 2, hz = (gb.max.z - gb.min.z) / 2, gx = gb.min.x + hx, gy = gb.min.y + hy, gz = gb.min.z + hz;
+  const A = im.instanceMatrix.array;
+  const n = im.instanceMatrix.count;
+  if (!n)
+    return;
+  let x0 = Infinity, y0 = Infinity, z0 = Infinity, x1 = -Infinity, y1 = -Infinity, z1 = -Infinity;
+  for (let i = 0;i < n; i++) {
+    const o = i * 16;
+    const cx = A[o] * gx + A[o + 4] * gy + A[o + 8] * gz + A[o + 12], cy = A[o + 1] * gx + A[o + 5] * gy + A[o + 9] * gz + A[o + 13], cz = A[o + 2] * gx + A[o + 6] * gy + A[o + 10] * gz + A[o + 14];
+    const ex = Math.abs(A[o]) * hx + Math.abs(A[o + 4]) * hy + Math.abs(A[o + 8]) * hz, ey = Math.abs(A[o + 1]) * hx + Math.abs(A[o + 5]) * hy + Math.abs(A[o + 9]) * hz, ez = Math.abs(A[o + 2]) * hx + Math.abs(A[o + 6]) * hy + Math.abs(A[o + 10]) * hz;
+    if (cx - ex < x0)
+      x0 = cx - ex;
+    if (cy - ey < y0)
+      y0 = cy - ey;
+    if (cz - ez < z0)
+      z0 = cz - ez;
+    if (cx + ex > x1)
+      x1 = cx + ex;
+    if (cy + ey > y1)
+      y1 = cy + ey;
+    if (cz + ez > z1)
+      z1 = cz + ez;
+  }
+  return Float32Array.of(x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1);
+}
+function batchedBoundingBox(bm) {
+  bm.computeBoundingBox();
+  const bb = bm.boundingBox;
+  return bb && !bb.isEmpty() ? Float32Array.of(bb.min.x, bb.min.y, bb.min.z, bb.max.x, bb.max.y, bb.max.z) : undefined;
+}
 function fillInstances(im, ids, insts, color) {
   const M = im.instanceMatrix.array;
   const C = new Float32Array(ids.length * 3);
@@ -2483,6 +2520,81 @@ function studDiscGeom() {
   g.computeBoundingBox();
   return _studDisc = g;
 }
+var _studBox = new Map;
+function studBoxGeom(w) {
+  let g = _studBox.get(w);
+  if (g)
+    return g;
+  const y = -4, s = Math.SQRT1_2;
+  const C = [[-w, -w], [w, -w], [w, w], [-w, w]];
+  const pos = [], nrm = [], idx = [];
+  for (const [x, z] of C) {
+    pos.push(x, y, z);
+    nrm.push(0, -1, 0);
+  }
+  for (const [x, z] of C) {
+    pos.push(x, y, z, x, 0, z);
+    nrm.push(Math.sign(x) * s, 0, Math.sign(z) * s, Math.sign(x) * s, 0, Math.sign(z) * s);
+  }
+  const tri = (a, b, c, out) => {
+    const P = (i) => pos.slice(i * 3, i * 3 + 3);
+    const [A, B, Cc] = [P(a), P(b), P(c)];
+    const u = [B[0] - A[0], B[1] - A[1], B[2] - A[2]], v = [Cc[0] - A[0], Cc[1] - A[1], Cc[2] - A[2]];
+    const n = [u[1] * v[2] - u[2] * v[1], u[2] * v[0] - u[0] * v[2], u[0] * v[1] - u[1] * v[0]];
+    if (n[0] * out[0] + n[1] * out[1] + n[2] * out[2] < 0)
+      idx.push(a, c, b);
+    else
+      idx.push(a, b, c);
+  };
+  tri(0, 1, 2, [0, -1, 0]);
+  tri(0, 2, 3, [0, -1, 0]);
+  for (let i = 0;i < 4; i++) {
+    const j = (i + 1) % 4;
+    const ti = 4 + i * 2, bi = ti + 1, tj = 4 + j * 2, bj = tj + 1;
+    const out = [(C[i][0] + C[j][0]) / 2, 0, (C[i][1] + C[j][1]) / 2];
+    tri(ti, tj, bj, out);
+    tri(ti, bj, bi, out);
+  }
+  const col = new Uint8Array(12 * 4);
+  for (let i = 0;i < 12; i++) {
+    col[i * 4] = 255;
+    col[i * 4 + 1] = 255;
+    col[i * 4 + 2] = 255;
+    col[i * 4 + 3] = 0;
+  }
+  g = new THREE.BufferGeometry;
+  g.setAttribute("position", new THREE.Float16BufferAttribute(toF16(new Float32Array(pos)), 3));
+  g.setAttribute("normal", new THREE.BufferAttribute(toI8(new Float32Array(nrm)), 3, true));
+  g.setAttribute("ldrColor", new THREE.BufferAttribute(col, 4, true));
+  g.setIndex(new THREE.BufferAttribute(new Uint16Array(idx), 1));
+  g.computeBoundingSphere();
+  g.computeBoundingBox();
+  _studBox.set(w, g);
+  return g;
+}
+var _topClosed = new WeakMap;
+function studTopClosed(b, arr) {
+  if (!b)
+    return false;
+  let v = _topClosed.get(b);
+  if (v !== undefined)
+    return v;
+  v = false;
+  const p = arr(b.pos);
+  const ix = b.idx ? arr(b.idx) : Array.from({ length: p.length / 3 }, (_, i) => i);
+  const top = (i) => Math.abs(p[i * 3 + 1] + 4) < 0.05;
+  for (let t = 0;t + 2 < ix.length && !v; t += 3) {
+    const a = ix[t], c = ix[t + 1], d = ix[t + 2];
+    if (!top(a) || !top(c) || !top(d))
+      continue;
+    const s = (i, j) => p[i * 3] * p[j * 3 + 2] - p[i * 3 + 2] * p[j * 3];
+    const e1 = s(a, c), e2 = s(c, d), e3 = s(d, a);
+    if (e1 >= 0 && e2 >= 0 && e3 >= 0 || e1 <= 0 && e2 <= 0 && e3 <= 0)
+      v = true;
+  }
+  _topClosed.set(b, v);
+  return v;
+}
 
 class LdrLodRoot extends THREE.LOD {
   clusters = [];
@@ -2510,8 +2622,15 @@ class LdrLodRoot extends THREE.LOD {
     const { x, y, z } = this.cp;
     const tau = this.px, eppl = this.edgePpl;
     for (const c of this.clusters) {
-      const cx = c.s.center.x - x, cy = c.s.center.y - y, cz = c.s.center.z - z;
-      const d = Math.sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz) - c.s.radius;
+      let d;
+      const B = c.b;
+      if (B) {
+        const dx = Math.max(B[0] - x, 0, x - B[3]), dy = Math.max(B[1] - y, 0, y - B[4]), dz = Math.max(B[2] - z, 0, z - B[5]);
+        d = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
+      } else {
+        const cx = c.s.center.x - x, cy = c.s.center.y - y, cz = c.s.center.z - z;
+        d = Math.sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz) - c.s.radius;
+      }
       const ppl = persp ? d > 0.000001 ? k / d : Infinity : k;
       let L = 0;
       for (let i = c.lv.length - 1;i > 0; i--)
@@ -2777,7 +2896,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
   root.enabled = LOD;
   root.px = P.lodPx ?? 0.5;
   root.edgePpl = (P.lodEdgePx ?? 0.5) / 20;
-  root.edgeMinPx = P.lodEdgeMinPx ?? 0.15;
+  root.edgeMinPx = P.lodEdgeMinPx ?? 0.4;
   yield root;
   const trackVp = (r) => {
     const rt = r.getRenderTarget();
@@ -2991,9 +3110,11 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
     return m;
   };
   let texBatches = 0;
-  const newCluster = (s) => {
+  const newCluster = (s, o) => {
     const c = { s, lv: [], lines: [], cond: [], cur: 0, edgeOk: true };
     root.clusters.push(c);
+    if (LOD && o)
+      c.b = o.isBatchedMesh ? batchedBoundingBox(o) : instancedBoundingBox(o);
     return c;
   };
   const lodLevels = (b, base, mat) => !LOD || !b?.lod ? [] : b.lod.map((l) => {
@@ -3072,7 +3193,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
             }
           }
         if (bodyIm) {
-          const cl = newCluster(bodyIm.boundingSphere);
+          const cl = newCluster(bodyIm.boundingSphere, bodyIm);
           lv0.forEach((o) => o.onBeforeRender = trackVp);
           cl.lv.push({ objs: lv0, err: 0 }, ...textured ? [] : lodLevels(p.body, bodyIm, mat));
           if (EDGES && p.edges)
@@ -3096,7 +3217,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
           instancedBoundingSphere(im);
           im.count = P.cullUnder ? vis : uids.length;
           root.add(im);
-          const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere);
+          const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere, im);
           cl.lv.push({ objs: [im], err: 0 }, ...lodLevels(p.under, im, mat));
           {
             const bl = p.body?.lod;
@@ -3218,7 +3339,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
       members.length = 0;
       members.push(...live);
       bm.computeBoundingSphere();
-      const cl = newCluster(bm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere);
+      const cl = newCluster(bm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere, bm);
       const bodyErrs = live.map(({ p }) => [0, ...(p.body?.lod ?? []).map((l) => l.err)]);
       bm.userData.ldrMergeGids = instGids;
       cl.mergedLod = { bm, gids: instGids, errs: bodyErrs };
@@ -3339,7 +3460,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
           umembers.length = 0;
           umembers.push(...uLive);
           ubm.computeBoundingSphere();
-          const ucl = newCluster(ubm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere);
+          const ucl = newCluster(ubm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere, ubm);
           const uErrs = uLive.map(({ p }) => [0, ...(p.under?.lod ?? []).map((l) => l.err)]);
           ubm.userData._stepMode = !!steps;
           ubm.userData.ldrMergeGids = uInstGids;
@@ -3423,6 +3544,8 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
   const sKind = sMesh.map((x) => x?.kind ?? "");
   const sVis = sMesh.map((x) => x?.vis ?? 0);
   const STUD_ERR = 12;
+  const STUD_BOX_ERR = 2.49;
+  const STUD_BOX_W_LOW = 5.317;
   const STUD_DISC_ERR = 8;
   let _coopS = 0;
   for (let ci = 0;ci < sMesh.length; ci++) {
@@ -3440,10 +3563,24 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
     im.onBeforeRender = trackVp;
     im.userData.ldrStud = true;
     root.add(im);
-    const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere);
-    cl.studEdge0 = true;
+    const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere, im);
+    cl.studLineLv = 0;
     cl.lv.push({ objs: [im], err: 0 });
     const discObjs = [];
+    if (LOD && studTopClosed(k.body, arr) && (im.geometry.getIndex()?.count ?? im.geometry.getAttribute("position").count) > 30) {
+      const box = new THREE.InstancedMesh(studBoxGeom(/(^|[\\/])8[\\/]/.test(kind) ? STUD_BOX_W_LOW : 6), im.material, 0);
+      box.userData = { ldrStud: true, ldrLod: true };
+      box.instanceMatrix = im.instanceMatrix;
+      box.count = im.count;
+      box.instanceColor = im.instanceColor;
+      box.boundingSphere = im.boundingSphere;
+      box.visible = false;
+      box.onBeforeRender = trackVp;
+      root.add(box);
+      discObjs.push(box);
+      cl.lv.push({ objs: [box], err: STUD_BOX_ERR });
+      cl.studLineLv = 1;
+    }
     if (LOD) {
       const disc = new THREE.InstancedMesh(studDiscGeom(), im.material, 0);
       disc.userData = { ldrStud: true, ldrLod: true };
@@ -3486,7 +3623,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
         for (const o of l.objs)
           o.visible = i === c.cur;
       });
-    const lineVis = edgesOn && c.edgeOk && c.cur >= 0 && (c.studEdge0 ? c.cur === 0 : c.cur === 0 || !LOD || (c.setMergedLevel ? true : c.lv[c.cur].objs.length > 0));
+    const lineVis = edgesOn && c.edgeOk && c.cur >= 0 && (c.studLineLv !== undefined ? c.cur <= c.studLineLv : c.cur === 0 || !LOD || (c.setMergedLevel ? true : c.lv[c.cur].objs.length > 0));
     for (const o of c.lines)
       o.visible = lineVis;
     for (const o of c.cond)
@@ -3717,8 +3854,10 @@ async function warmPackGeometry(pack, stop = () => false, sliceMs = 8) {
       await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0));
   }
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/scene.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/scene.ts
 import * as THREE2 from "three";
+var _box = new THREE2.Box3;
+var _m4 = new THREE2.Matrix4;
 function ghostMaterial(side, g) {
   const m = new THREE2.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 16777215, roughness: 0.85, metalness: 0, side, transparent: false, depthWrite: true, opacity: g.opacity });
   m.blending = THREE2.CustomBlending;
@@ -4024,11 +4163,20 @@ function createLdrObjectInner(instances, pack, options, progressive) {
         object.updateMatrixWorld(true);
         target.makeEmpty();
         object.traverse((x) => {
-          if (x.isInstancedMesh && x.count && !x.userData.ldrLod && !x.userData.ldrGhost) {
+          if (x.userData.ldrLod || x.userData.ldrGhost)
+            return;
+          if (x.isInstancedMesh && x.count) {
             x.computeBoundingBox();
-            const b = x.boundingBox.clone().applyMatrix4(x.matrixWorld);
-            target.union(b);
-          }
+            target.union(x.boundingBox.clone().applyMatrix4(x.matrixWorld));
+          } else if (x.isBatchedMesh)
+            for (let i = 0, n = x.instanceCount;i < n; i++) {
+              if (!x.getVisibleAt(i))
+                continue;
+              const g = x.getGeometryIdAt(i);
+              if (g < 0)
+                continue;
+              target.union(x.getBoundingBoxAt(g, _box).applyMatrix4(x.getMatrixAt(i, _m4).premultiply(x.matrixWorld)));
+            }
         });
         return target;
       },
@@ -4061,10 +4209,10 @@ function createLdrObjectInner(instances, pack, options, progressive) {
     return finish();
   })();
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/parts-cdn.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/parts-cdn.ts
 import { decompress as decompress2 } from "fzstd";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/embedded.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/embedded.ts
 function splitFiles(text, fallback) {
   const files = new Map;
   let cur = null, saw = false;
@@ -4136,7 +4284,7 @@ function embeddedKeys(text, names, fallback = "main.ldr") {
   return out;
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/parts-cdn.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/parts-cdn.ts
 var DEFAULT_PARTS_CDN = "https://ldr-demo.vercel.app/cdn/v1/";
 var indexCache = new Map;
 var shardCache = new Map;
@@ -4390,10 +4538,10 @@ async function prepareModel(source, o = {}) {
   return { insts, pack, tier, missing, requests, bytes, cull, timings: { fetchModel: t1 - t0, parse: t2 - t1, parts: t3 - t2, ...cull ? { cull: performance.now() - t3 } : {} } };
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/load-worker.gen.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/load-worker.gen.ts
 var load_worker_gen_default = 'var Pt=ArrayBuffer,Y=Uint8Array,be=Uint16Array,kt=Int16Array;var ye=Int32Array,Pe=function(e,t,n){if(Y.prototype.slice)return Y.prototype.slice.call(e,t,n);if(t==null||t<0)t=0;if(n==null||n>e.length)n=e.length;var r=new Y(n-t);return r.set(e.subarray(t,n)),r},fe=function(e,t,n,r){if(Y.prototype.fill)return Y.prototype.fill.call(e,t,n,r);if(n==null||n<0)n=0;if(r==null||r>e.length)r=e.length;for(;n<r;++n)e[n]=t;return e},It=function(e,t,n,r){if(Y.prototype.copyWithin)return Y.prototype.copyWithin.call(e,t,n,r);if(n==null||n<0)n=0;if(r==null||r>e.length)r=e.length;while(n<r)e[t++]=e[n++]};var Rt=["invalid zstd data","window size too large (>2046MB)","invalid block type","FSE accuracy too high","match distance too far back","unexpected EOF"],q=function(e,t,n){var r=Error(t||Rt[e]);if(r.code=e,Error.captureStackTrace)Error.captureStackTrace(r,q);if(!n)throw r;return r},Ye=function(e,t,n){var r=0,s=0;for(;r<n;++r)s|=e[t++]<<(r<<3);return 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TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify({...i,parts:s,studKinds:o,...t})),f=(4-(4+l.length)%4)%4,c=4+l.length+f,u=new Uint8Array(c+r);new DataView(u.buffer).setUint32(0,l.length+f,!0),u.set(l,4),u.fill(32,4+l.length,c);let a=c;for(let p of n)u.set(p,a),a+=p.byteLength;return we(u.buffer)}async function yn(e,t={}){e=[...e];try{return await Lt(e,t)}catch(n){let r=t.cdn??Se,s=t.fetch??fetch;Ce.delete(r);let o=(i,l)=>s(i,{...l,cache:"reload"});try{return await Lt(e,{...t,fetch:o})}catch{throw n}}}async function Lt(e,t){let n=t.cdn??Se,r=t.fetch??fetch,s=t.gap??16384,o=await Te(n,r),i=[...new Set([...e].map(J))],l=[],f=[];for(let m of i){if(ve.has(n+m))continue;let g=o.parts[m];if(g)f.push({name:m,off:g[0],len:g[1],file:g[2]??0});else l.push(m)}f.sort((m,g)=>m.file-g.file||m.off-g.off);let c=[];for(let m of f){let g=c[c.length-1];if(g&&g.file===m.file&&m.off-g.end<=s)g.end=Math.max(g.end,m.off+m.len),g.items.push(m);else c.push({file:m.file,start:m.off,end:m.off+m.len,items:[m]})}let u=0,a=0,p=0,d=new Map,y=async()=>{while(p<c.length){let m=c[p++],g=d.get(m.file);if(g)g=g.subarray(m.start,m.end);else{let w=await r(new URL(o.archives[m.file],n).href,{headers:{Range:`bytes=${m.start}-${m.end-1}`,"Accept-Encoding":"identity"}});if(!w.ok)throw Error(`ldr: parts CDN ${w.status}`);if(a++,g=new Uint8Array(await w.arrayBuffer()),u+=g.byteLength,w.status===200)d.set(m.file,g),g=g.subarray(m.start,m.end)}for(let w of m.items){let F=xe(g.subarray(w.off-m.start,w.off-m.start+w.len)),A=F.buffer.slice(F.byteOffset,F.byteOffset+F.byteLength);ve.set(n+w.name,we(A))}}};await Promise.all(Array.from({length:Math.min(t.concurrency??24,c.length)},y));let b=i.filter((m)=>ve.has(n+m)).map((m)=>ve.get(n+m)),C={colors:o.colors,...o.colorTable?{colorTable:o.colorTable}:{}};return{pack:b.length?bn(b,C):we(xn(C)),missing:l,requests:a,bytes:u}}function xn(e){let t=new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify({version:1,weld:!0,parts:{},studKinds:{},...e})),n=(4-(4+t.length)%4)%4,r=new Uint8Array(4+t.length+n).fill(32);return new DataView(r.buffer).setUint32(0,t.length+n,!0),r.set(t,4),r.buffer}function wn(e,t){let n=t.header.parts;if(!n)return 0;let r=0;for(let s of e){let o=n[s.part]?.body?.tris;if(o)r+=o}return r}function St(e,t,n){let r=0,s=0,o=!1,i=new Set;for(let l of e){let f=l.embedded?t.get(l.part):J(l.part),c=f?n.parts[f]:void 0;if(!c)continue;if(c[3]!=null)o=!0,r+=c[3];if(!i.has(f))i.add(f),s+=c[1]}return{bodyTris:r,packBytes:s,known:o}}class Ee extends Error{code="ldr-budget";bodyTris;packBytes;maxBodyTris;maxPackBytes;constructor(e){let t=[e.maxBodyTris!=null&&e.bodyTris>e.maxBodyTris?`${e.bodyTris} triangles (limit ${e.maxBodyTris})`:"",e.maxPackBytes!=null&&e.packBytes>e.maxPackBytes?`${(e.packBytes/1e6).toFixed(1)} MB parts pack (limit ${(e.maxPackBytes/1e6).toFixed(0)} MB)`:""].filter(Boolean).join(", ");super(`ldr: model exceeds device budget: ${t}`);this.name="BudgetError",this.bodyTris=e.bodyTris,this.packBytes=e.packBytes,this.maxBodyTris=e.maxBodyTris,this.maxPackBytes=e.maxPackBytes}}async function Et(e,t={}){let n=performance.now(),r=t.fetch??fetch,s=Te(t.cdn??Se,r);s.catch(()=>{});let o=t.text?e:await r(e).then(async(h)=>{if(!h.ok)throw Error(`ldr: ${h.status} fetching ${e}`);return Je(await h.arrayBuffer())}),i=performance.now(),l=t.name??(t.text?"main.ldr":Qe(e)),f=At(o,l,{looseGeometry:!1,callouts:t.callouts}),c=performance.now();t.onParsed?.(f),await s;let u=vt(o,new Set(f.filter((h)=>h.embedded).map((h)=>h.part)),l),a=(h,S)=>t.maxBodyTris!=null&&h>t.maxBodyTris||t.maxPackBytes!=null&&S>t.maxPackBytes,p=t.maxBodyTris!=null||t.maxPackBytes!=null,d=(h)=>new Ee({...h,maxBodyTris:t.maxBodyTris,maxPackBytes:t.maxPackBytes}),y="full";if(p){let h=St(f,u,await s);if(a(h.known?h.bodyTris:0,h.packBytes)){if(!t.lowCdn)throw d(h);let S=await Te(t.lowCdn,r).catch(()=>null);if(!S)throw d(h);let _=St(f,u,S);if(a(_.known?_.bodyTris:0,_.packBytes))throw d(_);y="low"}}let b=[...f.filter((h)=>!h.embedded).map((h)=>h.part),...u.values()],C=async()=>{let h=await yn(b,y==="low"?{...t,cdn:t.lowCdn}:t);for(let[S,_]of u){let j=h.pack.header.parts[_];if(j)h.pack.header.parts[S]=j}return{...h,packBytes:h.pack.buffer?.byteLength??h.pack.bytes??0,bodyTris:wn(f,h.pack)}},v=await C();if(p&&a(v.bodyTris,v.packBytes)&&y==="full"&&t.lowCdn&&await Te(t.lowCdn,r).then(()=>!0,()=>!1)){y="low";let h=v;v=await C(),v.requests+=h.requests,v.bytes+=h.bytes}if(p&&a(v.bodyTris,v.packBytes))throw d(v);let{pack:m,missing:g,requests:w,bytes:F}=v,A=new Map([...u].map(([h,S])=>[S,h])),T=g.map((h)=>A.get(h)??h),M=performance.now(),k=t.cull?Ae(f,m.header,t.textures!==!1):void 0;return{insts:f,pack:m,tier:y,missing:T,requests:w,bytes:F,cull:k,timings:{fetchModel:i-n,parse:c-i,parts:M-c,...k?{cull:performance.now()-M}:{}}}}self.onmessage=async(e)=>{let{id:t,source:n,opts:r}=e.data;try{let s=await Et(n,{...r,cull:!1,onParsed:(u)=>self.postMessage({id:t,insts:u})}),o=s.pack.buffer;if(self.postMessage({id:t,buffer:o,tier:s.tier,missing:s.missing,requests:s.requests,bytes:s.bytes,timings:s.timings},[o]),!r.cull)return;let i=performance.now(),l=Ae(s.insts,s.pack.header,r.textures!==!1),f=performance.now()-i,c=[];for(let u of[l.studHidden,l.studUp,l.underHidden,l.studHideStep,l.underHideStep])if(u)c.push(u.buffer);self.postMessage({id:t,cull:l,ms:f},c)}catch(s){if(s instanceof Ee||s?.code==="ldr-budget")self.postMessage({id:t,phase:"error",error:String(s?.message??s),budget:{bodyTris:s.bodyTris,packBytes:s.packBytes,maxBodyTris:s.maxBodyTris,maxPackBytes:s.maxPackBytes}});else self.postMessage({id:t,phase:"error",error:String(s?.message??s)})}};\n';
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/cdn.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/cdn.ts
 var worker;
 var seq = 0;
 var pending = new Map;

package/dist/node/index.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/spec.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/spec.ts
 var norm = (s) => s.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/\\/g, "/").replace(/\/+/g, "/");
 var COLOUR_ID_RE = /^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/;
 var namedCodes = new Map;
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ function fileStepViews(f) {
   viewMemo.set(f, out);
   return out;
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/model.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/model.ts
 var CALLOUT_END = 999999;
 var stepKey = (steps) => steps.map((x) => String(x).padStart(6, "0")).join(".") + "~";
 var defLine = new WeakMap;
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ function blendedColourHex(code) {
   const a = LDRAW_EXE_16[code - 256 >> 4], b = LDRAW_EXE_16[code - 256 & 15];
   return "#" + [0, 1, 2].map((k) => (a[k] + b[k] >> 1).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("").toUpperCase();
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/instructions.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/instructions.ts
 var MIN_VIS = 0.5;
 var REORIENT = 0.35;
 var deg = Math.PI / 180;
@@ -1490,10 +1490,10 @@ function planStepViews(insts, parts, stepOf, nSteps, o = {}) {
     }
   };
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/render.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/render.ts
 import * as THREE from "three";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/pack-io.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/pack-io.ts
 import { decompress } from "fzstd";
 async function decompressPack(data) {
   const u = data instanceof Uint8Array ? data : new Uint8Array(data);
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ function decodePack(buf) {
   return { header, arr, bytes: buf.byteLength, buffer: buf };
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/cull.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/cull.ts
 var upright = (m, o = 0) => Math.abs(m[o + 7] - 1) < 0.001 && Math.abs(m[o + 4]) < 0.001 && Math.abs(m[o + 10]) < 0.001;
 var prepCache = new WeakMap;
 function prepPart(H, part) {
@@ -1864,7 +1864,7 @@ function precomputeCull(instances, H, useTex = true) {
   return cullCore(s.all, H, s.nSteps > 1 ? s.stepOf : undefined);
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/render.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/render.ts
 async function loadPack(url) {
   const res = await fetch(url);
   if (!res.ok)
@@ -2336,6 +2336,43 @@ function instancedBoundingSphere(im) {
   im.boundingSphere = sph;
   return sph;
 }
+function instancedBoundingBox(im) {
+  const g = im.geometry;
+  if (!g.boundingBox)
+    g.computeBoundingBox();
+  const gb = g.boundingBox;
+  if (gb.isEmpty())
+    return;
+  const hx = (gb.max.x - gb.min.x) / 2, hy = (gb.max.y - gb.min.y) / 2, hz = (gb.max.z - gb.min.z) / 2, gx = gb.min.x + hx, gy = gb.min.y + hy, gz = gb.min.z + hz;
+  const A = im.instanceMatrix.array;
+  const n = im.instanceMatrix.count;
+  if (!n)
+    return;
+  let x0 = Infinity, y0 = Infinity, z0 = Infinity, x1 = -Infinity, y1 = -Infinity, z1 = -Infinity;
+  for (let i = 0;i < n; i++) {
+    const o = i * 16;
+    const cx = A[o] * gx + A[o + 4] * gy + A[o + 8] * gz + A[o + 12], cy = A[o + 1] * gx + A[o + 5] * gy + A[o + 9] * gz + A[o + 13], cz = A[o + 2] * gx + A[o + 6] * gy + A[o + 10] * gz + A[o + 14];
+    const ex = Math.abs(A[o]) * hx + Math.abs(A[o + 4]) * hy + Math.abs(A[o + 8]) * hz, ey = Math.abs(A[o + 1]) * hx + Math.abs(A[o + 5]) * hy + Math.abs(A[o + 9]) * hz, ez = Math.abs(A[o + 2]) * hx + Math.abs(A[o + 6]) * hy + Math.abs(A[o + 10]) * hz;
+    if (cx - ex < x0)
+      x0 = cx - ex;
+    if (cy - ey < y0)
+      y0 = cy - ey;
+    if (cz - ez < z0)
+      z0 = cz - ez;
+    if (cx + ex > x1)
+      x1 = cx + ex;
+    if (cy + ey > y1)
+      y1 = cy + ey;
+    if (cz + ez > z1)
+      z1 = cz + ez;
+  }
+  return Float32Array.of(x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1);
+}
+function batchedBoundingBox(bm) {
+  bm.computeBoundingBox();
+  const bb = bm.boundingBox;
+  return bb && !bb.isEmpty() ? Float32Array.of(bb.min.x, bb.min.y, bb.min.z, bb.max.x, bb.max.y, bb.max.z) : undefined;
+}
 function fillInstances(im, ids, insts, color) {
   const M = im.instanceMatrix.array;
   const C = new Float32Array(ids.length * 3);
@@ -2484,6 +2521,81 @@ function studDiscGeom() {
   g.computeBoundingBox();
   return _studDisc = g;
 }
+var _studBox = new Map;
+function studBoxGeom(w) {
+  let g = _studBox.get(w);
+  if (g)
+    return g;
+  const y = -4, s = Math.SQRT1_2;
+  const C = [[-w, -w], [w, -w], [w, w], [-w, w]];
+  const pos = [], nrm = [], idx = [];
+  for (const [x, z] of C) {
+    pos.push(x, y, z);
+    nrm.push(0, -1, 0);
+  }
+  for (const [x, z] of C) {
+    pos.push(x, y, z, x, 0, z);
+    nrm.push(Math.sign(x) * s, 0, Math.sign(z) * s, Math.sign(x) * s, 0, Math.sign(z) * s);
+  }
+  const tri = (a, b, c, out) => {
+    const P = (i) => pos.slice(i * 3, i * 3 + 3);
+    const [A, B, Cc] = [P(a), P(b), P(c)];
+    const u = [B[0] - A[0], B[1] - A[1], B[2] - A[2]], v = [Cc[0] - A[0], Cc[1] - A[1], Cc[2] - A[2]];
+    const n = [u[1] * v[2] - u[2] * v[1], u[2] * v[0] - u[0] * v[2], u[0] * v[1] - u[1] * v[0]];
+    if (n[0] * out[0] + n[1] * out[1] + n[2] * out[2] < 0)
+      idx.push(a, c, b);
+    else
+      idx.push(a, b, c);
+  };
+  tri(0, 1, 2, [0, -1, 0]);
+  tri(0, 2, 3, [0, -1, 0]);
+  for (let i = 0;i < 4; i++) {
+    const j = (i + 1) % 4;
+    const ti = 4 + i * 2, bi = ti + 1, tj = 4 + j * 2, bj = tj + 1;
+    const out = [(C[i][0] + C[j][0]) / 2, 0, (C[i][1] + C[j][1]) / 2];
+    tri(ti, tj, bj, out);
+    tri(ti, bj, bi, out);
+  }
+  const col = new Uint8Array(12 * 4);
+  for (let i = 0;i < 12; i++) {
+    col[i * 4] = 255;
+    col[i * 4 + 1] = 255;
+    col[i * 4 + 2] = 255;
+    col[i * 4 + 3] = 0;
+  }
+  g = new THREE.BufferGeometry;
+  g.setAttribute("position", new THREE.Float16BufferAttribute(toF16(new Float32Array(pos)), 3));
+  g.setAttribute("normal", new THREE.BufferAttribute(toI8(new Float32Array(nrm)), 3, true));
+  g.setAttribute("ldrColor", new THREE.BufferAttribute(col, 4, true));
+  g.setIndex(new THREE.BufferAttribute(new Uint16Array(idx), 1));
+  g.computeBoundingSphere();
+  g.computeBoundingBox();
+  _studBox.set(w, g);
+  return g;
+}
+var _topClosed = new WeakMap;
+function studTopClosed(b, arr) {
+  if (!b)
+    return false;
+  let v = _topClosed.get(b);
+  if (v !== undefined)
+    return v;
+  v = false;
+  const p = arr(b.pos);
+  const ix = b.idx ? arr(b.idx) : Array.from({ length: p.length / 3 }, (_, i) => i);
+  const top = (i) => Math.abs(p[i * 3 + 1] + 4) < 0.05;
+  for (let t = 0;t + 2 < ix.length && !v; t += 3) {
+    const a = ix[t], c = ix[t + 1], d = ix[t + 2];
+    if (!top(a) || !top(c) || !top(d))
+      continue;
+    const s = (i, j) => p[i * 3] * p[j * 3 + 2] - p[i * 3 + 2] * p[j * 3];
+    const e1 = s(a, c), e2 = s(c, d), e3 = s(d, a);
+    if (e1 >= 0 && e2 >= 0 && e3 >= 0 || e1 <= 0 && e2 <= 0 && e3 <= 0)
+      v = true;
+  }
+  _topClosed.set(b, v);
+  return v;
+}
 
 class LdrLodRoot extends THREE.LOD {
   clusters = [];
@@ -2511,8 +2623,15 @@ class LdrLodRoot extends THREE.LOD {
     const { x, y, z } = this.cp;
     const tau = this.px, eppl = this.edgePpl;
     for (const c of this.clusters) {
-      const cx = c.s.center.x - x, cy = c.s.center.y - y, cz = c.s.center.z - z;
-      const d = Math.sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz) - c.s.radius;
+      let d;
+      const B = c.b;
+      if (B) {
+        const dx = Math.max(B[0] - x, 0, x - B[3]), dy = Math.max(B[1] - y, 0, y - B[4]), dz = Math.max(B[2] - z, 0, z - B[5]);
+        d = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
+      } else {
+        const cx = c.s.center.x - x, cy = c.s.center.y - y, cz = c.s.center.z - z;
+        d = Math.sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz) - c.s.radius;
+      }
       const ppl = persp ? d > 0.000001 ? k / d : Infinity : k;
       let L = 0;
       for (let i = c.lv.length - 1;i > 0; i--)
@@ -2778,7 +2897,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
   root.enabled = LOD;
   root.px = P.lodPx ?? 0.5;
   root.edgePpl = (P.lodEdgePx ?? 0.5) / 20;
-  root.edgeMinPx = P.lodEdgeMinPx ?? 0.15;
+  root.edgeMinPx = P.lodEdgeMinPx ?? 0.4;
   yield root;
   const trackVp = (r) => {
     const rt = r.getRenderTarget();
@@ -2992,9 +3111,11 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
     return m;
   };
   let texBatches = 0;
-  const newCluster = (s) => {
+  const newCluster = (s, o) => {
     const c = { s, lv: [], lines: [], cond: [], cur: 0, edgeOk: true };
     root.clusters.push(c);
+    if (LOD && o)
+      c.b = o.isBatchedMesh ? batchedBoundingBox(o) : instancedBoundingBox(o);
     return c;
   };
   const lodLevels = (b, base, mat) => !LOD || !b?.lod ? [] : b.lod.map((l) => {
@@ -3073,7 +3194,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
             }
           }
         if (bodyIm) {
-          const cl = newCluster(bodyIm.boundingSphere);
+          const cl = newCluster(bodyIm.boundingSphere, bodyIm);
           lv0.forEach((o) => o.onBeforeRender = trackVp);
           cl.lv.push({ objs: lv0, err: 0 }, ...textured ? [] : lodLevels(p.body, bodyIm, mat));
           if (EDGES && p.edges)
@@ -3097,7 +3218,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
           instancedBoundingSphere(im);
           im.count = P.cullUnder ? vis : uids.length;
           root.add(im);
-          const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere);
+          const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere, im);
           cl.lv.push({ objs: [im], err: 0 }, ...lodLevels(p.under, im, mat));
           {
             const bl = p.body?.lod;
@@ -3219,7 +3340,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
       members.length = 0;
       members.push(...live);
       bm.computeBoundingSphere();
-      const cl = newCluster(bm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere);
+      const cl = newCluster(bm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere, bm);
       const bodyErrs = live.map(({ p }) => [0, ...(p.body?.lod ?? []).map((l) => l.err)]);
       bm.userData.ldrMergeGids = instGids;
       cl.mergedLod = { bm, gids: instGids, errs: bodyErrs };
@@ -3340,7 +3461,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
           umembers.length = 0;
           umembers.push(...uLive);
           ubm.computeBoundingSphere();
-          const ucl = newCluster(ubm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere);
+          const ucl = newCluster(ubm.boundingSphere ?? new THREE.Sphere, ubm);
           const uErrs = uLive.map(({ p }) => [0, ...(p.under?.lod ?? []).map((l) => l.err)]);
           ubm.userData._stepMode = !!steps;
           ubm.userData.ldrMergeGids = uInstGids;
@@ -3424,6 +3545,8 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
   const sKind = sMesh.map((x) => x?.kind ?? "");
   const sVis = sMesh.map((x) => x?.vis ?? 0);
   const STUD_ERR = 12;
+  const STUD_BOX_ERR = 2.49;
+  const STUD_BOX_W_LOW = 5.317;
   const STUD_DISC_ERR = 8;
   let _coopS = 0;
   for (let ci = 0;ci < sMesh.length; ci++) {
@@ -3441,10 +3564,24 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
     im.onBeforeRender = trackVp;
     im.userData.ldrStud = true;
     root.add(im);
-    const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere);
-    cl.studEdge0 = true;
+    const cl = newCluster(im.boundingSphere, im);
+    cl.studLineLv = 0;
     cl.lv.push({ objs: [im], err: 0 });
     const discObjs = [];
+    if (LOD && studTopClosed(k.body, arr) && (im.geometry.getIndex()?.count ?? im.geometry.getAttribute("position").count) > 30) {
+      const box = new THREE.InstancedMesh(studBoxGeom(/(^|[\\/])8[\\/]/.test(kind) ? STUD_BOX_W_LOW : 6), im.material, 0);
+      box.userData = { ldrStud: true, ldrLod: true };
+      box.instanceMatrix = im.instanceMatrix;
+      box.count = im.count;
+      box.instanceColor = im.instanceColor;
+      box.boundingSphere = im.boundingSphere;
+      box.visible = false;
+      box.onBeforeRender = trackVp;
+      root.add(box);
+      discObjs.push(box);
+      cl.lv.push({ objs: [box], err: STUD_BOX_ERR });
+      cl.studLineLv = 1;
+    }
     if (LOD) {
       const disc = new THREE.InstancedMesh(studDiscGeom(), im.material, 0);
       disc.userData = { ldrStud: true, ldrLod: true };
@@ -3487,7 +3624,7 @@ function* buildLdrSceneGen(insts, pack, P, color, mark) {
         for (const o of l.objs)
           o.visible = i === c.cur;
       });
-    const lineVis = edgesOn && c.edgeOk && c.cur >= 0 && (c.studEdge0 ? c.cur === 0 : c.cur === 0 || !LOD || (c.setMergedLevel ? true : c.lv[c.cur].objs.length > 0));
+    const lineVis = edgesOn && c.edgeOk && c.cur >= 0 && (c.studLineLv !== undefined ? c.cur <= c.studLineLv : c.cur === 0 || !LOD || (c.setMergedLevel ? true : c.lv[c.cur].objs.length > 0));
     for (const o of c.lines)
       o.visible = lineVis;
     for (const o of c.cond)
@@ -3718,8 +3855,10 @@ async function warmPackGeometry(pack, stop = () => false, sliceMs = 8) {
       await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0));
   }
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/scene.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/scene.ts
 import * as THREE2 from "three";
+var _box = new THREE2.Box3;
+var _m4 = new THREE2.Matrix4;
 function ghostMaterial(side, g) {
   const m = new THREE2.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 16777215, roughness: 0.85, metalness: 0, side, transparent: false, depthWrite: true, opacity: g.opacity });
   m.blending = THREE2.CustomBlending;
@@ -4025,11 +4164,20 @@ function createLdrObjectInner(instances, pack, options, progressive) {
         object.updateMatrixWorld(true);
         target.makeEmpty();
         object.traverse((x) => {
-          if (x.isInstancedMesh && x.count && !x.userData.ldrLod && !x.userData.ldrGhost) {
+          if (x.userData.ldrLod || x.userData.ldrGhost)
+            return;
+          if (x.isInstancedMesh && x.count) {
             x.computeBoundingBox();
-            const b = x.boundingBox.clone().applyMatrix4(x.matrixWorld);
-            target.union(b);
-          }
+            target.union(x.boundingBox.clone().applyMatrix4(x.matrixWorld));
+          } else if (x.isBatchedMesh)
+            for (let i = 0, n = x.instanceCount;i < n; i++) {
+              if (!x.getVisibleAt(i))
+                continue;
+              const g = x.getGeometryIdAt(i);
+              if (g < 0)
+                continue;
+              target.union(x.getBoundingBoxAt(g, _box).applyMatrix4(x.getMatrixAt(i, _m4).premultiply(x.matrixWorld)));
+            }
         });
         return target;
       },
@@ -4062,10 +4210,10 @@ function createLdrObjectInner(instances, pack, options, progressive) {
     return finish();
   })();
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/parts-cdn.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/parts-cdn.ts
 import { decompress as decompress2 } from "fzstd";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/embedded.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/embedded.ts
 function splitFiles(text, fallback) {
   const files = new Map;
   let cur = null, saw = false;
@@ -4137,7 +4285,7 @@ function embeddedKeys(text, names, fallback = "main.ldr") {
   return out;
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/parts-cdn.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/parts-cdn.ts
 var DEFAULT_PARTS_CDN = "https://ldr-demo.vercel.app/cdn/v1/";
 var indexCache = new Map;
 var shardCache = new Map;
@@ -4391,10 +4539,10 @@ async function prepareModel(source, o = {}) {
   return { insts, pack, tier, missing, requests, bytes, cull, timings: { fetchModel: t1 - t0, parse: t2 - t1, parts: t3 - t2, ...cull ? { cull: performance.now() - t3 } : {} } };
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/load-worker.gen.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/load-worker.gen.ts
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i=e.finish.material,l=i.size??(i.minsize!=null&&i.maxsize!=null?(i.minsize+i.maxsize)/2:1);return{...s,metalness:0.2,roughness:0.55,particleHex:i.value,particleFraction:i.fraction,particleSize:l,finish:"speckle"}}case"fabric":return{...s,metalness:0,roughness:0.85,sheen:0.65,sheenRoughness:0.75,finish:"fabric"};default:return{...s,metalness:0,roughness:0.45,finish:"default"}}}function je(e){let t=cn(e),n=!t.transparent?"op":t.opacity>=0.75?"a200":t.opacity>=0.4?"a128":`a${Math.round(t.opacity*255)}`,r=t.emissive>0?`L${Math.round(t.emissive*16)}`:"",s=`${t.finish}:${n}${r}`;if(t.particleHex)s+=`:${t.particleHex}:${(t.particleFraction??0).toFixed(2)}`;return s}function un(e,t){let n=new Map,r=null,s=!1;for(let o of e.split(/\\r?\\n/)){let i=/^\\s*0\\s+FILE\\s+(.+)$/i.exec(o);if(i){if(!s)n.clear();s=!0,r=[],n.set(J(i[1]),r);continue}if(/^\\s*0\\s+(NOFILE|!DATA)(\\s|$)/i.test(o)){if(!s)n.clear();s=!0,r=null;continue}if(!r){if(s)continue;r=[],n.set(J(t),r)}let l=o.trim().replace(/\\s+/g," 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u=0,a=0,p=0,d=new Map,y=async()=>{while(p<c.length){let m=c[p++],g=d.get(m.file);if(g)g=g.subarray(m.start,m.end);else{let w=await r(new URL(o.archives[m.file],n).href,{headers:{Range:`bytes=${m.start}-${m.end-1}`,"Accept-Encoding":"identity"}});if(!w.ok)throw Error(`ldr: parts CDN ${w.status}`);if(a++,g=new Uint8Array(await w.arrayBuffer()),u+=g.byteLength,w.status===200)d.set(m.file,g),g=g.subarray(m.start,m.end)}for(let w of m.items){let F=xe(g.subarray(w.off-m.start,w.off-m.start+w.len)),A=F.buffer.slice(F.byteOffset,F.byteOffset+F.byteLength);ve.set(n+w.name,we(A))}}};await Promise.all(Array.from({length:Math.min(t.concurrency??24,c.length)},y));let b=i.filter((m)=>ve.has(n+m)).map((m)=>ve.get(n+m)),C={colors:o.colors,...o.colorTable?{colorTable:o.colorTable}:{}};return{pack:b.length?bn(b,C):we(xn(C)),missing:l,requests:a,bytes:u}}function xn(e){let t=new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify({version:1,weld:!0,parts:{},studKinds:{},...e})),n=(4-(4+t.length)%4)%4,r=new 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${t}`);this.name="BudgetError",this.bodyTris=e.bodyTris,this.packBytes=e.packBytes,this.maxBodyTris=e.maxBodyTris,this.maxPackBytes=e.maxPackBytes}}async function Et(e,t={}){let n=performance.now(),r=t.fetch??fetch,s=Te(t.cdn??Se,r);s.catch(()=>{});let o=t.text?e:await r(e).then(async(h)=>{if(!h.ok)throw Error(`ldr: ${h.status} fetching ${e}`);return Je(await h.arrayBuffer())}),i=performance.now(),l=t.name??(t.text?"main.ldr":Qe(e)),f=At(o,l,{looseGeometry:!1,callouts:t.callouts}),c=performance.now();t.onParsed?.(f),await s;let u=vt(o,new Set(f.filter((h)=>h.embedded).map((h)=>h.part)),l),a=(h,S)=>t.maxBodyTris!=null&&h>t.maxBodyTris||t.maxPackBytes!=null&&S>t.maxPackBytes,p=t.maxBodyTris!=null||t.maxPackBytes!=null,d=(h)=>new Ee({...h,maxBodyTris:t.maxBodyTris,maxPackBytes:t.maxPackBytes}),y="full";if(p){let h=St(f,u,await s);if(a(h.known?h.bodyTris:0,h.packBytes)){if(!t.lowCdn)throw d(h);let S=await Te(t.lowCdn,r).catch(()=>null);if(!S)throw d(h);let _=St(f,u,S);if(a(_.known?_.bodyTris:0,_.packBytes))throw d(_);y="low"}}let b=[...f.filter((h)=>!h.embedded).map((h)=>h.part),...u.values()],C=async()=>{let h=await yn(b,y==="low"?{...t,cdn:t.lowCdn}:t);for(let[S,_]of u){let j=h.pack.header.parts[_];if(j)h.pack.header.parts[S]=j}return{...h,packBytes:h.pack.buffer?.byteLength??h.pack.bytes??0,bodyTris:wn(f,h.pack)}},v=await C();if(p&&a(v.bodyTris,v.packBytes)&&y==="full"&&t.lowCdn&&await Te(t.lowCdn,r).then(()=>!0,()=>!1)){y="low";let h=v;v=await C(),v.requests+=h.requests,v.bytes+=h.bytes}if(p&&a(v.bodyTris,v.packBytes))throw d(v);let{pack:m,missing:g,requests:w,bytes:F}=v,A=new Map([...u].map(([h,S])=>[S,h])),T=g.map((h)=>A.get(h)??h),M=performance.now(),k=t.cull?Ae(f,m.header,t.textures!==!1):void 0;return{insts:f,pack:m,tier:y,missing:T,requests:w,bytes:F,cull:k,timings:{fetchModel:i-n,parse:c-i,parts:M-c,...k?{cull:performance.now()-M}:{}}}}self.onmessage=async(e)=>{let{id:t,source:n,opts:r}=e.data;try{let s=await Et(n,{...r,cull:!1,onParsed:(u)=>self.postMessage({id:t,insts:u})}),o=s.pack.buffer;if(self.postMessage({id:t,buffer:o,tier:s.tier,missing:s.missing,requests:s.requests,bytes:s.bytes,timings:s.timings},[o]),!r.cull)return;let i=performance.now(),l=Ae(s.insts,s.pack.header,r.textures!==!1),f=performance.now()-i,c=[];for(let u of[l.studHidden,l.studUp,l.underHidden,l.studHideStep,l.underHideStep])if(u)c.push(u.buffer);self.postMessage({id:t,cull:l,ms:f},c)}catch(s){if(s instanceof Ee||s?.code==="ldr-budget")self.postMessage({id:t,phase:"error",error:String(s?.message??s),budget:{bodyTris:s.bodyTris,packBytes:s.packBytes,maxBodyTris:s.maxBodyTris,maxPackBytes:s.maxPackBytes}});else self.postMessage({id:t,phase:"error",error:String(s?.message??s)})}};\n';
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/cdn.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/cdn.ts
 var worker;
 var seq = 0;
 var pending = new Map;
@@ -4508,7 +4656,7 @@ async function loadModel(source, o = {}) {
     timings: { ...prep.timings, parts: t3 - t0 - prep.timings.fetchModel - prep.timings.parse, build: t4 - t3, total: t4 - t0 }
   });
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/library.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/library.ts
 import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "fs";
 import { join } from "path";
 var xf = (m, x, y, z) => [m[3] * x + m[4] * y + m[5] * z + m[0], m[6] * x + m[7] * y + m[8] * z + m[1], m[9] * x + m[10] * y + m[11] * z + m[2]];
@@ -4791,11 +4939,11 @@ class Library {
     return insts;
   }
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/build-pack.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/build-pack.ts
 import fs3 from "node:fs";
 import path3 from "node:path";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/resolver.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/resolver.ts
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 var TOP_STUD_RE = /^(stud|studa|stud2|stud2a|stud6|stud6a|stud10|stud15|stud2s|stud2s2|stud-logo\d*|stud2-logo\d*)\.dat$/i;
@@ -5124,11 +5272,11 @@ function collectDeps(lib, refs) {
   return out;
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/compile.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/compile.ts
 import fs2 from "node:fs";
 import path2 from "node:path";
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/lod.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/lod.ts
 import { MeshoptSimplifier, MeshoptEncoder } from "meshoptimizer";
 await Promise.all([MeshoptSimplifier.ready, MeshoptEncoder.ready]);
 function reorderMesh(P, N, C, I) {
@@ -5320,7 +5468,7 @@ function lodChain(P, C, I) {
   return out;
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/compile.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/compile.ts
 function loadColors(root) {
   const map = new Map;
   for (const l of fs2.readFileSync(path2.join(root, "LDConfig.ldr"), "latin1").split(/\r?\n/)) {
@@ -6035,7 +6183,7 @@ function encodePack(parts, studKinds, weld, extra, options = {}) {
   return Buffer.concat([head, ...chunks.map((c) => new Uint8Array(c.buffer, c.byteOffset, c.byteLength))]);
 }
 
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/build-pack.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/build-pack.ts
 function packCompilerOpts(o) {
   return { studs: o.studs ?? "low", prims: o.primitives ?? "full", weld: o.weld ?? true, separateStuds: true, cond: !!o.cond, tex: !!o.textures };
 }
@@ -6107,7 +6255,7 @@ function buildPack(o) {
   const warnings = [...lib.conflicts].map((n) => `${n}: defined differently by two models; the first definition is used`);
   return { data: encodePack(parts, kinds, comp.opts.weld, extra, { texture, lod: o.lod !== false, reorder: !!o.reorder }), parts: parts.size, studKinds: kinds.size, missing: [...missing], ...warnings.length ? { warnings } : {} };
 }
-// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-dLNbNv/src/node/promote.ts
+// ../../../../../../../tmp/ldr-build-efpWDR/src/node/promote.ts
 var GEOM = /^\s*[2-5]\s/;
 var REF = /^\s*1\s/;
 var FILE = /^\s*0\s+FILE\s+(.+?)\s*$/i;

package/dist/render.d.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export type LdrParams = {
     condStuds?: boolean;
     /** Draw textured (!TEXMAP) parts with their PNGs when the pack carries them (pack v2 "tex", `ldr pack --textures`). Default true. */
     tex?: boolean;
-    /** Distance LOD: spatial clusters per part, simplified meshes from `lod` packs, studs as full → flat disc → dropped, edges hidden once sub-pixel. Default true. */
+    /** Distance LOD: spatial clusters per part, simplified meshes from `lod` packs, studs as full → square stud → flat disc → dropped, edges hidden once sub-pixel. Default true. */
     lod?: boolean;
     /** LOD: max screen-space error in pixels (default 0.5). */
     lodPx?: number;
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ export declare function createInstancedConditionalEdges(cond: ArrayLike<number>,
 /** InstancedMesh.computeBoundingSphere() (three r151-r186), ported to a loop over the instance array: same arithmetic, same result
  *  bit for bit, without a Matrix4 copy + Sphere clone per instance (1.8M studs on Datsville 100k). */
 export declare function instancedBoundingSphere(im: THREE.InstancedMesh): THREE.Sphere;
+/** Axis-aligned box (min xyz, max xyz) around every instance slot of an InstancedMesh: each instance's transformed geometry box. */
+export declare function instancedBoundingBox(im: THREE.InstancedMesh): Float32Array | undefined;
 import { forEachStud, cullCore, STEP_NEVER, type CullResult } from './cull.js';
 export { forEachStud, cullCore, STEP_NEVER, type CullResult };
 /** Object-shaped culling result (one entry per stud with its world matrix). Kept for API compatibility; `buildLdrScene` uses `cullCore`. */

package/dist/scene.d.ts

@@ -38,15 +38,16 @@ export interface LdrObjectOptions {
     step?: number;
     /** Distance LOD, re-selected for each camera you render with. Default true. Batches are split into spatial clusters (so off-screen
      *  ones are frustum-culled); each cluster draws the coarsest simplified mesh (from `lod` packs, the `buildPack` default) whose error
-     *  stays under `lodPx`, swaps studs to a flat disc then drops them once under `lodPx`, and hides edge lines where a stud spans under
+     *  stays under `lodPx`, swaps closed studs to a 10-triangle square stud, then a flat disc, then drops them once under `lodPx`, and hides edge lines where a stud spans under
      *  `lodEdgePx`. Datsville 100k on an M4 Pro: 22 -> 4.3 ms per frame (57 -> 6.2 ms with edges); <=1.5% of pixels differ without edges. */
     lod?: boolean;
     /** LOD: max screen-space error in pixels. Default 0.5. */
     lodPx?: number;
     /** LOD: draw edge / conditional lines only where one stud (20 LDU) spans at least this many pixels. Default 0.5; 0 = always. */
     lodEdgePx?: number;
-    /** LOD: draw only the edge segments at least this many pixels long on screen (a part's edges are sorted longest first). Default 0.15;
-     *  0 = every segment. Shorter segments still darken a pixel each, so far views drawn with edges get lighter as this grows. */
+    /** LOD: draw only the edge segments at least this many pixels long on screen (a part's edges are sorted longest first). Default 0.4
+     *  (Round 62; was 0.15); 0 = every segment. A shorter segment still darkens a whole pixel, so dense far views drawn with every
+     *  segment turn almost black, and they get lighter as this grows (falcon-100k overview: 2.6% of pixels vs every edge, 2.2x faster). */
     lodEdgeMinPx?: number;
     /** LOD: skip undersides that can't be seen: while the camera is behind every bottom face of a cluster's (same-orientation) parts and
      *  studs are under 4 px, or where the body is drawn as its closed bounding box. Default true. */

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "ldr",
-  "version": "0.31.0",
+  "version": "0.33.0",
   "description": "High-performance LEGO (LDraw) rendering for three.js: instanced parts packs, hidden stud/tube culling, low-detail studs, indexed edges, build steps.",
   "license": "MIT",
   "author": "Evan Bacon",