koffi 0.9.1 → 0.9.2

package/vendor/node-addon-api/napi.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2983 @@
+#ifndef SRC_NAPI_H_
+#define SRC_NAPI_H_
+
+#include <node_api.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// VS2015 RTM has bugs with constexpr, so require min of VS2015 Update 3 (known good version)
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_FULL_VER >= 190024210
+#define NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR 1
+#endif
+
+// VS2013 does not support char16_t literal strings, so we'll work around it using wchar_t strings
+// and casting them. This is safe as long as the character sizes are the same.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+static_assert(sizeof(char16_t) == sizeof(wchar_t), "Size mismatch between char16_t and wchar_t");
+#define NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(x) reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(L ## x)
+#else
+#define NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(x) u ## x
+#endif
+
+// If C++ exceptions are not explicitly enabled or disabled, enable them
+// if exceptions were enabled in the compiler settings.
+#if !defined(NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
+  #if defined(_CPPUNWIND) || defined (__EXCEPTIONS)
+    #define NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  #else
+    #error Exception support not detected. \
+      Define either NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS or NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS.
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+// If C++ NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS are enabled, NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE should
+// not be set
+#if defined(NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS) && defined(NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE)
+#error NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE should not be set when \
+    NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS is defined.
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _NOEXCEPT
+  #define NAPI_NOEXCEPT _NOEXCEPT
+#else
+  #define NAPI_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// When C++ exceptions are enabled, Errors are thrown directly. There is no need
+// to return anything after the throw statements. The variadic parameter is an
+// optional return value that is ignored.
+// We need _VOID versions of the macros to avoid warnings resulting from
+// leaving the NAPI_THROW_* `...` argument empty.
+
+#define NAPI_THROW(e, ...)  throw e
+#define NAPI_THROW_VOID(e)  throw e
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ...)           \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) throw Napi::Error::New(env);
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status)           \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) throw Napi::Error::New(env);
+
+#else // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// When C++ exceptions are disabled, Errors are thrown as JavaScript exceptions,
+// which are pending until the callback returns to JS.  The variadic parameter
+// is an optional return value; usually it is an empty result.
+// We need _VOID versions of the macros to avoid warnings resulting from
+// leaving the NAPI_THROW_* `...` argument empty.
+
+#define NAPI_THROW(e, ...)                               \
+  do {                                                   \
+    (e).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                    \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                  \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_VOID(e)                               \
+  do {                                                   \
+    (e).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                    \
+    return;                                              \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ...)                                 \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) {                                                   \
+    Napi::Error::New(env).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                        \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                                        \
+  }
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status)                                 \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) {                                                   \
+    Napi::Error::New(env).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                        \
+    return;                                                                    \
+  }
+
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#ifdef NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE
+#define NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type)                          \
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Napi::Nothing<type>())
+
+#define NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, result, type)              \
+  NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type);                               \
+  return Napi::Just<type>(result);
+#else
+#define NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type)                          \
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type())
+
+#define NAPI_RETURN_OR_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, result, type)              \
+  NAPI_MAYBE_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, type);                               \
+  return result;
+#endif
+
+# define NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(CLASS) void operator=(const CLASS&) = delete;
+# define NAPI_DISALLOW_COPY(CLASS) CLASS(const CLASS&) = delete;
+
+#define NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CLASS)  \
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(CLASS)           \
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_COPY(CLASS)
+
+#define NAPI_CHECK(condition, location, message)                               \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    if (!(condition)) {                                                        \
+      Napi::Error::Fatal((location), (message));                               \
+    }                                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, location, message)                        \
+  NAPI_CHECK((status) == napi_ok, location, message)
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// Node-API C++ Wrapper Classes
+///
+/// These classes wrap the "Node-API" ABI-stable C APIs for Node.js, providing a
+/// C++ object model and C++ exception-handling semantics with low overhead.
+/// The wrappers are all header-only so that they do not affect the ABI.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+namespace Napi {
+
+  // Forward declarations
+  class Env;
+  class Value;
+  class Boolean;
+  class Number;
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  class BigInt;
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+  class Date;
+#endif
+  class String;
+  class Object;
+  class Array;
+  class ArrayBuffer;
+  class Function;
+  class Error;
+  class PropertyDescriptor;
+  class CallbackInfo;
+  class TypedArray;
+  template <typename T> class TypedArrayOf;
+
+  using Int8Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int8_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 8-bit integers
+  using Uint8Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint8_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 8-bit integers
+  using Int16Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int16_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 16-bit integers
+  using Uint16Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint16_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 16-bit integers
+  using Int32Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int32_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 32-bit integers
+  using Uint32Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint32_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 32-bit integers
+  using Float32Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<float>;  ///< Typed-array of 32-bit floating-point values
+  using Float64Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<double>;  ///< Typed-array of 64-bit floating-point values
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  using BigInt64Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int64_t>;  ///< Typed array of signed 64-bit integers
+  using BigUint64Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint64_t>;  ///< Typed array of unsigned 64-bit integers
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+  /// Defines the signature of a Node-API C++ module's registration callback
+  /// (init) function.
+  using ModuleRegisterCallback = Object (*)(Env env, Object exports);
+
+  class MemoryManagement;
+
+  /// A simple Maybe type, representing an object which may or may not have a
+  /// value.
+  ///
+  /// If an API method returns a Maybe<>, the API method can potentially fail
+  /// either because an exception is thrown, or because an exception is pending,
+  /// e.g. because a previous API call threw an exception that hasn't been
+  /// caught yet. In that case, a "Nothing" value is returned.
+  template <class T>
+  class Maybe {
+   public:
+    bool IsNothing() const;
+    bool IsJust() const;
+
+    /// Short-hand for Unwrap(), which doesn't return a value. Could be used
+    /// where the actual value of the Maybe is not needed like Object::Set.
+    /// If this Maybe is nothing (empty), node-addon-api will crash the
+    /// process.
+    void Check() const;
+
+    /// Return the value of type T contained in the Maybe. If this Maybe is
+    /// nothing (empty), node-addon-api will crash the process.
+    T Unwrap() const;
+
+    /// Return the value of type T contained in the Maybe, or using a default
+    /// value if this Maybe is nothing (empty).
+    T UnwrapOr(const T& default_value) const;
+
+    /// Converts this Maybe to a value of type T in the out. If this Maybe is
+    /// nothing (empty), `false` is returned and `out` is left untouched.
+    bool UnwrapTo(T* out) const;
+
+    bool operator==(const Maybe& other) const;
+    bool operator!=(const Maybe& other) const;
+
+   private:
+    Maybe();
+    explicit Maybe(const T& t);
+
+    bool _has_value;
+    T _value;
+
+    template <class U>
+    friend Maybe<U> Nothing();
+    template <class U>
+    friend Maybe<U> Just(const U& u);
+  };
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline Maybe<T> Nothing();
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline Maybe<T> Just(const T& t);
+
+#if defined(NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE)
+  template <typename T>
+  using MaybeOrValue = Maybe<T>;
+#else
+  template <typename T>
+  using MaybeOrValue = T;
+#endif
+
+  /// Environment for Node-API values and operations.
+  ///
+  /// All Node-API values and operations must be associated with an environment.
+  /// An environment instance is always provided to callback functions; that
+  /// environment must then be used for any creation of Node-API values or other
+  /// Node-API operations within the callback. (Many methods infer the
+  /// environment from the `this` instance that the method is called on.)
+  ///
+  /// In the future, multiple environments per process may be supported,
+  /// although current implementations only support one environment per process.
+  ///
+  /// In the V8 JavaScript engine, a Node-API environment approximately
+  /// corresponds to an Isolate.
+  class Env {
+   private:
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 2
+    template <typename Hook, typename Arg = void>
+    class CleanupHook;
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 2
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+    template <typename T> static void DefaultFini(Env, T* data);
+    template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+    static void DefaultFiniWithHint(Env, DataType* data, HintType* hint);
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  public:
+    Env(napi_env env);
+
+    operator napi_env() const;
+
+    Object Global() const;
+    Value Undefined() const;
+    Value Null() const;
+
+    bool IsExceptionPending() const;
+    Error GetAndClearPendingException();
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> RunScript(const char* utf8script);
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> RunScript(const std::string& utf8script);
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> RunScript(String script);
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 2
+    template <typename Hook>
+    CleanupHook<Hook> AddCleanupHook(Hook hook);
+
+    template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+    CleanupHook<Hook, Arg> AddCleanupHook(Hook hook, Arg* arg);
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 2
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+    template <typename T> T* GetInstanceData();
+
+    template <typename T> using Finalizer = void (*)(Env, T*);
+    template <typename T, Finalizer<T> fini = Env::DefaultFini<T>>
+    void SetInstanceData(T* data);
+
+    template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+    using FinalizerWithHint = void (*)(Env, DataType*, HintType*);
+    template <typename DataType,
+              typename HintType,
+              FinalizerWithHint<DataType, HintType> fini =
+                Env::DefaultFiniWithHint<DataType, HintType>>
+    void SetInstanceData(DataType* data, HintType* hint);
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 2
+    template <typename Hook, typename Arg>
+    class CleanupHook {
+     public:
+      CleanupHook(Env env, Hook hook, Arg* arg);
+      CleanupHook(Env env, Hook hook);
+      bool Remove(Env env);
+      bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+     private:
+      static inline void Wrapper(void* data) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+      static inline void WrapperWithArg(void* data) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+      void (*wrapper)(void* arg);
+      struct CleanupData {
+        Hook hook;
+        Arg* arg;
+      } * data;
+    };
+  };
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 2
+
+  /// A JavaScript value of unknown type.
+  ///
+  /// For type-specific operations, convert to one of the Value subclasses using a `To*` or `As()`
+  /// method. The `To*` methods do type coercion; the `As()` method does not.
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Value value = ...
+  ///     if (!value.IsString()) throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Invalid arg...");
+  ///     Napi::String str = value.As<Napi::String>(); // Cast to a string value
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Value anotherValue = ...
+  ///     bool isTruthy = anotherValue.ToBoolean(); // Coerce to a boolean value
+  class Value {
+  public:
+    Value();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ Value instance.
+    Value(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    /// Creates a JS value from a C++ primitive.
+    ///
+    /// `value` may be any of:
+    /// - bool
+    /// - Any integer type
+    /// - Any floating point type
+    /// - const char* (encoded using UTF-8, null-terminated)
+    /// - const char16_t* (encoded using UTF-16-LE, null-terminated)
+    /// - std::string (encoded using UTF-8)
+    /// - std::u16string
+    /// - napi::Value
+    /// - napi_value
+    template <typename T>
+    static Value From(napi_env env, const T& value);
+
+    /// Converts to a Node-API value primitive.
+    ///
+    /// If the instance is _empty_, this returns `nullptr`.
+    operator napi_value() const;
+
+    /// Tests if this value strictly equals another value.
+    bool operator ==(const Value& other) const;
+
+    /// Tests if this value does not strictly equal another value.
+    bool operator !=(const Value& other) const;
+
+    /// Tests if this value strictly equals another value.
+    bool StrictEquals(const Value& other) const;
+
+    /// Gets the environment the value is associated with.
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+    /// Checks if the value is empty (uninitialized).
+    ///
+    /// An empty value is invalid, and most attempts to perform an operation on an empty value
+    /// will result in an exception. Note an empty value is distinct from JavaScript `null` or
+    /// `undefined`, which are valid values.
+    ///
+    /// When C++ exceptions are disabled at compile time, a method with a `Value` return type may
+    /// return an empty value to indicate a pending exception. So when not using C++ exceptions,
+    /// callers should check whether the value is empty before attempting to use it.
+    bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+    napi_valuetype Type() const; ///< Gets the type of the value.
+
+    bool IsUndefined() const;   ///< Tests if a value is an undefined JavaScript value.
+    bool IsNull() const;        ///< Tests if a value is a null JavaScript value.
+    bool IsBoolean() const;     ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript boolean.
+    bool IsNumber() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript number.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+    bool IsBigInt() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript bigint.
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+    bool IsDate() const;        ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript date.
+#endif
+    bool IsString() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript string.
+    bool IsSymbol() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript symbol.
+    bool IsArray() const;       ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript array.
+    bool IsArrayBuffer() const; ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript array buffer.
+    bool IsTypedArray() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript typed array.
+    bool IsObject() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript object.
+    bool IsFunction() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript function.
+    bool IsPromise() const;     ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript promise.
+    bool IsDataView() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript data view.
+    bool IsBuffer() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a Node buffer.
+    bool IsExternal() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a pointer to external data.
+
+    /// Casts to another type of `Napi::Value`, when the actual type is known or assumed.
+    ///
+    /// This conversion does NOT coerce the type. Calling any methods inappropriate for the actual
+    /// value type will throw `Napi::Error`.
+    template <typename T> T As() const;
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Boolean> ToBoolean()
+        const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript boolean.
+    MaybeOrValue<Number> ToNumber()
+        const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript number.
+    MaybeOrValue<String> ToString()
+        const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript string.
+    MaybeOrValue<Object> ToObject()
+        const;  ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript object.
+
+   protected:
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_value _value;
+    /// !endcond
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript boolean value.
+  class Boolean : public Value {
+  public:
+   static Boolean New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                      bool value     ///< Boolean value
+   );
+
+   Boolean();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Boolean instance.
+   Boolean(napi_env env,
+           napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   operator bool() const;  ///< Converts a Boolean value to a boolean primitive.
+   bool Value() const;     ///< Converts a Boolean value to a boolean primitive.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript number value.
+  class Number : public Value {
+  public:
+   static Number New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                     double value   ///< Number value
+   );
+
+   Number();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Number instance.
+   Number(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   operator int32_t()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit signed integer value.
+   operator uint32_t()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+   operator int64_t()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+   operator float()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit floating-point value.
+   operator double()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit floating-point value.
+
+   int32_t Int32Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit signed integer value.
+   uint32_t Uint32Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+   int64_t Int64Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+   float FloatValue()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit floating-point value.
+   double DoubleValue()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit floating-point value.
+  };
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  /// A JavaScript bigint value.
+  class BigInt : public Value {
+  public:
+   static BigInt New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                     int64_t value  ///< Number value
+   );
+   static BigInt New(napi_env env,   ///< Node-API environment
+                     uint64_t value  ///< Number value
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new BigInt object using a specified sign bit and a
+   /// specified list of digits/words.
+   /// The resulting number is calculated as:
+   /// (-1)^sign_bit * (words[0] * (2^64)^0 + words[1] * (2^64)^1 + ...)
+   static BigInt New(napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+                     int sign_bit,          ///< Sign bit. 1 if negative.
+                     size_t word_count,     ///< Number of words in array
+                     const uint64_t* words  ///< Array of words
+   );
+
+   BigInt();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ BigInt instance.
+   BigInt(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   int64_t Int64Value(bool* lossless)
+       const;  ///< Converts a BigInt value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+   uint64_t Uint64Value(bool* lossless)
+       const;  ///< Converts a BigInt value to a 64-bit unsigned integer value.
+
+   size_t WordCount() const;  ///< The number of 64-bit words needed to store
+                              ///< the result of ToWords().
+
+   /// Writes the contents of this BigInt to a specified memory location.
+   /// `sign_bit` must be provided and will be set to 1 if this BigInt is
+   /// negative.
+   /// `*word_count` has to be initialized to the length of the `words` array.
+   /// Upon return, it will be set to the actual number of words that would
+   /// be needed to store this BigInt (i.e. the return value of `WordCount()`).
+   void ToWords(int* sign_bit, size_t* word_count, uint64_t* words);
+  };
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+  /// A JavaScript date value.
+  class Date : public Value {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new Date value from a double primitive.
+   static Date New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                   double value   ///< Number value
+   );
+
+   Date();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Date instance.
+   Date(napi_env env, napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+   operator double() const;  ///< Converts a Date value to double primitive
+
+   double ValueOf() const;  ///< Converts a Date value to a double primitive.
+  };
+  #endif
+
+  /// A JavaScript string or symbol value (that can be used as a property name).
+  class Name : public Value {
+  public:
+    Name();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ Name instance.
+    Name(napi_env env,
+         napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript string value.
+  class String : public Name {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+   static String New(napi_env env,             ///< Node-API environment
+                     const std::string& value  ///< UTF-8 encoded C++ string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+   static String New(napi_env env,                ///< Node-API environment
+                     const std::u16string& value  ///< UTF-16 encoded C++ string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C string.
+   static String New(
+       napi_env env,      ///< Node-API environment
+       const char* value  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated C string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C string.
+   static String New(
+       napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+       const char16_t* value  ///< UTF-16 encoded null-terminated C string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C string with specified
+   /// length.
+   static String New(napi_env env,       ///< Node-API environment
+                     const char* value,  ///< UTF-8 encoded C string (not
+                                         ///< necessarily null-terminated)
+                     size_t length       ///< length of the string in bytes
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C string with specified
+   /// length.
+   static String New(
+       napi_env env,           ///< Node-API environment
+       const char16_t* value,  ///< UTF-16 encoded C string (not necessarily
+                               ///< null-terminated)
+       size_t length           ///< Length of the string in 2-byte code units
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String based on the original object's type.
+   ///
+   /// `value` may be any of:
+   /// - const char* (encoded using UTF-8, null-terminated)
+   /// - const char16_t* (encoded using UTF-16-LE, null-terminated)
+   /// - std::string (encoded using UTF-8)
+   /// - std::u16string
+   template <typename T>
+   static String From(napi_env env, const T& value);
+
+   String();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ String instance.
+   String(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   operator std::string()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+   operator std::u16string()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+   std::string Utf8Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+   std::u16string Utf16Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript symbol value.
+  class Symbol : public Name {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new Symbol value with an optional description.
+   static Symbol New(
+       napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+       const char* description =
+           nullptr  ///< Optional UTF-8 encoded null-terminated C string
+                    ///  describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+   static Symbol New(
+       napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+       const std::string&
+           description  ///< UTF-8 encoded C++ string describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+   static Symbol New(napi_env env,       ///< Node-API environment
+                     String description  ///< String value describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+   static Symbol New(
+       napi_env env,           ///< Node-API environment
+       napi_value description  ///< String value describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Get a public Symbol (e.g. Symbol.iterator).
+   static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> WellKnown(napi_env, const std::string& name);
+
+   // Create a symbol in the global registry, UTF-8 Encoded cpp string
+   static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env,
+                                   const std::string& description);
+
+   // Create a symbol in the global registry, C style string (null terminated)
+   static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env, const char* description);
+
+   // Create a symbol in the global registry, String value describing the symbol
+   static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env, String description);
+
+   // Create a symbol in the global registry, napi_value describing the symbol
+   static MaybeOrValue<Symbol> For(napi_env env, napi_value description);
+
+   Symbol();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Symbol instance.
+   Symbol(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript object value.
+  class Object : public Value {
+  public:
+   /// Enables property and element assignments using indexing syntax.
+   ///
+   /// This is a convenient helper to get and set object properties. As
+   /// getting and setting object properties may throw with JavaScript
+   /// exceptions, it is notable that these operations may fail.
+   /// When NODE_ADDON_API_ENABLE_MAYBE is defined, the process will abort
+   /// on JavaScript exceptions.
+   ///
+   /// Example:
+   ///
+   ///     Napi::Value propertyValue = object1['A'];
+   ///     object2['A'] = propertyValue;
+   ///     Napi::Value elementValue = array[0];
+   ///     array[1] = elementValue;
+   template <typename Key>
+   class PropertyLValue {
+    public:
+      /// Converts an L-value to a value.
+      operator Value() const;
+
+      /// Assigns a value to the property. The type of value can be
+      /// anything supported by `Object::Set`.
+      template <typename ValueType>
+      PropertyLValue& operator =(ValueType value);
+
+    private:
+      PropertyLValue() = delete;
+      PropertyLValue(Object object, Key key);
+      napi_env _env;
+      napi_value _object;
+      Key _key;
+
+      friend class Napi::Object;
+   };
+
+    /// Creates a new Object value.
+    static Object New(napi_env env  ///< Node-API environment
+    );
+
+    Object();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ Object instance.
+    Object(napi_env env,
+           napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    /// Gets or sets a named property.
+    PropertyLValue<std::string> operator [](
+      const char* utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    );
+
+    /// Gets or sets a named property.
+    PropertyLValue<std::string> operator [](
+      const std::string& utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    );
+
+    /// Gets or sets an indexed property or array element.
+    PropertyLValue<uint32_t> operator [](
+      uint32_t index /// Property / element index
+    );
+
+    /// Gets or sets an indexed property or array element.
+    PropertyLValue<Value> operator[](Value index  /// Property / element index
+    );
+
+    /// Gets or sets an indexed property or array element.
+    PropertyLValue<Value> operator[](Value index  /// Property / element index
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> operator[](
+        const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> operator[](
+        const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets an indexed property or array element.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> operator[](uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(Value key  ///< Property key
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a named property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(
+        const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a named property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(
+        const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(
+        napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(Value key  ///< Property key
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(
+        const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> HasOwnProperty(
+        const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a property.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a property.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(Value key  ///< Property key
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(
+        const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(
+        const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Sets a property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(napi_value key,         ///< Property key primitive
+                           const ValueType& value  ///< Property value primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Sets a property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(Value key,              ///< Property key
+                           const ValueType& value  ///< Property value
+    );
+
+    /// Sets a named property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(
+        const char* utf8name,  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+        const ValueType& value);
+
+    /// Sets a named property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(
+        const std::string& utf8name,  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+        const ValueType& value        ///< Property value primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(napi_value key  ///< Property key primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(Value key  ///< Property key
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(
+        const char* utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(
+        const std::string& utf8name  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    );
+
+    /// Checks whether an indexed property is present.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Has(uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets an indexed property or array element.
+    MaybeOrValue<Value> Get(uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Sets an indexed property or array element.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index,         ///< Property / element index
+                           const ValueType& value  ///< Property value primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Deletes an indexed property or array element.
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Delete(uint32_t index  ///< Property / element index
+    );
+
+    /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[OwnPropertyKeys]] and
+    /// Proxy.[[GetOwnProperty]] calling into JavaScript. See:
+    /// -
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-ownpropertykeys
+    /// -
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getownproperty-p
+    MaybeOrValue<Array> GetPropertyNames() const;  ///< Get all property names
+
+    /// Defines a property on the object.
+    ///
+    /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[DefineOwnProperty]] calling
+    /// into JavaScript. See
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> DefineProperty(
+        const PropertyDescriptor&
+            property  ///< Descriptor for the property to be defined
+    );
+
+    /// Defines properties on the object.
+    ///
+    /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[DefineOwnProperty]] calling
+    /// into JavaScript. See
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> DefineProperties(
+        const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties
+        ///< List of descriptors for the properties to be defined
+    );
+
+    /// Defines properties on the object.
+    ///
+    /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[DefineOwnProperty]] calling
+    /// into JavaScript. See
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> DefineProperties(
+        const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties
+        ///< Vector of descriptors for the properties to be defined
+    );
+
+    /// Checks if an object is an instance created by a constructor function.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to the JavaScript `instanceof` operator.
+    ///
+    /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[GetPrototypeOf]] calling into
+    /// JavaScript.
+    /// See
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> InstanceOf(
+        const Function& constructor  ///< Constructor function
+    ) const;
+
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename T>
+    inline void AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback, T* data);
+
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename T, typename Hint>
+    inline void AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                             T* data,
+                             Hint* finalizeHint);
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    class const_iterator;
+
+    inline const_iterator begin() const;
+
+    inline const_iterator end() const;
+
+    class iterator;
+
+    inline iterator begin();
+
+    inline iterator end();
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+    /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[GetPrototypeOf]] calling into
+    /// JavaScript.
+    /// See
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Freeze();
+    /// This operation can fail in case of Proxy.[[GetPrototypeOf]] calling into
+    /// JavaScript.
+    /// See
+    /// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Seal();
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class External : public Value {
+  public:
+    static External New(napi_env env, T* data);
+
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer>
+    static External New(napi_env env,
+                        T* data,
+                        Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data, Hint* hint)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+    static External New(napi_env env,
+                        T* data,
+                        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                        Hint* finalizeHint);
+
+    External();
+    External(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+    T* Data() const;
+  };
+
+  class Array : public Object {
+  public:
+    static Array New(napi_env env);
+    static Array New(napi_env env, size_t length);
+
+    Array();
+    Array(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+    uint32_t Length() const;
+  };
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  class Object::const_iterator {
+   private:
+    enum class Type { BEGIN, END };
+
+    inline const_iterator(const Object* object, const Type type);
+
+   public:
+    inline const_iterator& operator++();
+
+    inline bool operator==(const const_iterator& other) const;
+
+    inline bool operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const;
+
+    inline const std::pair<Value, Object::PropertyLValue<Value>> operator*()
+        const;
+
+   private:
+    const Napi::Object* _object;
+    Array _keys;
+    uint32_t _index;
+
+    friend class Object;
+  };
+
+  class Object::iterator {
+   private:
+    enum class Type { BEGIN, END };
+
+    inline iterator(Object* object, const Type type);
+
+   public:
+    inline iterator& operator++();
+
+    inline bool operator==(const iterator& other) const;
+
+    inline bool operator!=(const iterator& other) const;
+
+    inline std::pair<Value, Object::PropertyLValue<Value>> operator*();
+
+   private:
+    Napi::Object* _object;
+    Array _keys;
+    uint32_t _index;
+
+    friend class Object;
+  };
+#endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+  /// A JavaScript array buffer value.
+  class ArrayBuffer : public Object {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance over a new automatically-allocated buffer.
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,      ///< Node-API environment
+       size_t byteLength  ///< Length of the buffer to be allocated, in bytes
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+   /// specified byte length.
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+       void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                            ///< the array
+       size_t byteLength    ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                            ///< array, in bytes
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+   /// specified byte length.
+   template <typename Finalizer>
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+       void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                            ///< the array
+       size_t byteLength,   ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                            ///< array,
+                            ///  in bytes
+       Finalizer finalizeCallback  ///< Function to be called when the array
+                                   ///< buffer is destroyed;
+                                   ///  must implement `void operator()(Env env,
+                                   ///  void* externalData)`
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+   /// specified byte length.
+   template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+       void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                            ///< the array
+       size_t byteLength,   ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                            ///< array,
+                            ///  in bytes
+       Finalizer finalizeCallback,  ///< Function to be called when the array
+                                    ///< buffer is destroyed;
+                                    ///  must implement `void operator()(Env
+                                    ///  env, void* externalData, Hint* hint)`
+       Hint* finalizeHint  ///< Hint (second parameter) to be passed to the
+                           ///< finalize callback
+   );
+
+   ArrayBuffer();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ ArrayBuffer instance.
+   ArrayBuffer(napi_env env,
+               napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   void* Data();         ///< Gets a pointer to the data buffer.
+   size_t ByteLength();  ///< Gets the length of the array buffer in bytes.
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+    bool IsDetached() const;
+    void Detach();
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript typed-array value with unknown array type.
+  ///
+  /// For type-specific operations, cast to a `TypedArrayOf<T>` instance using the `As()`
+  /// method:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::TypedArray array = ...
+  ///     if (t.TypedArrayType() == napi_int32_array) {
+  ///         Napi::Int32Array int32Array = t.As<Napi::Int32Array>();
+  ///     }
+  class TypedArray : public Object {
+  public:
+    TypedArray();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ TypedArray instance.
+    TypedArray(napi_env env,
+               napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    napi_typedarray_type TypedArrayType() const; ///< Gets the type of this typed-array.
+    Napi::ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer() const;       ///< Gets the backing array buffer.
+
+    uint8_t ElementSize() const;  ///< Gets the size in bytes of one element in the array.
+    size_t ElementLength() const; ///< Gets the number of elements in the array.
+    size_t ByteOffset() const;    ///< Gets the offset into the buffer where the array starts.
+    size_t ByteLength() const;    ///< Gets the length of the array in bytes.
+
+  protected:
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+    napi_typedarray_type _type;
+    size_t _length;
+
+    TypedArray(napi_env env, napi_value value, napi_typedarray_type type, size_t length);
+
+    static const napi_typedarray_type unknown_array_type = static_cast<napi_typedarray_type>(-1);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+    constexpr
+#endif
+    napi_typedarray_type TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType() {
+      return std::is_same<T, int8_t>::value ? napi_int8_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint8_t>::value ? napi_uint8_array
+        : std::is_same<T, int16_t>::value ? napi_int16_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint16_t>::value ? napi_uint16_array
+        : std::is_same<T, int32_t>::value ? napi_int32_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint32_t>::value ? napi_uint32_array
+        : std::is_same<T, float>::value ? napi_float32_array
+        : std::is_same<T, double>::value ? napi_float64_array
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+        : std::is_same<T, int64_t>::value ? napi_bigint64_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint64_t>::value ? napi_biguint64_array
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+        : unknown_array_type;
+    }
+    /// !endcond
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript typed-array value with known array type.
+  ///
+  /// Note while it is possible to create and access Uint8 "clamped" arrays using this class,
+  /// the _clamping_ behavior is only applied in JavaScript.
+  template <typename T>
+  class TypedArrayOf : public TypedArray {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new TypedArray instance over a new automatically-allocated array buffer.
+    ///
+    /// The array type parameter can normally be omitted (because it is inferred from the template
+    /// parameter T), except when creating a "clamped" array:
+    ///
+    ///     Uint8Array::New(env, length, napi_uint8_clamped_array)
+   static TypedArrayOf New(
+       napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+       size_t elementLength,  ///< Length of the created array, as a number of
+                              ///< elements
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+       napi_typedarray_type type =
+           TypedArray::TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>()
+#else
+       napi_typedarray_type type
+#endif
+       ///< Type of array, if different from the default array type for the
+       ///< template parameter T.
+   );
+
+    /// Creates a new TypedArray instance over a provided array buffer.
+    ///
+    /// The array type parameter can normally be omitted (because it is inferred from the template
+    /// parameter T), except when creating a "clamped" array:
+    ///
+    ///     Uint8Array::New(env, length, buffer, 0, napi_uint8_clamped_array)
+   static TypedArrayOf New(
+       napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+       size_t elementLength,  ///< Length of the created array, as a number of
+                              ///< elements
+       Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,  ///< Backing array buffer instance to use
+       size_t bufferOffset,  ///< Offset into the array buffer where the
+                             ///< typed-array starts
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+       napi_typedarray_type type =
+           TypedArray::TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>()
+#else
+       napi_typedarray_type type
+#endif
+       ///< Type of array, if different from the default array type for the
+       ///< template parameter T.
+   );
+
+    TypedArrayOf();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ TypedArrayOf instance.
+    TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+                 napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    T& operator [](size_t index);             ///< Gets or sets an element in the array.
+    const T& operator [](size_t index) const; ///< Gets an element in the array.
+
+    /// Gets a pointer to the array's backing buffer.
+    ///
+    /// This is not necessarily the same as the `ArrayBuffer::Data()` pointer, because the
+    /// typed-array may have a non-zero `ByteOffset()` into the `ArrayBuffer`.
+    T* Data();
+
+    /// Gets a pointer to the array's backing buffer.
+    ///
+    /// This is not necessarily the same as the `ArrayBuffer::Data()` pointer, because the
+    /// typed-array may have a non-zero `ByteOffset()` into the `ArrayBuffer`.
+    const T* Data() const;
+
+  private:
+    T* _data;
+
+    TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+                 napi_value value,
+                 napi_typedarray_type type,
+                 size_t length,
+                 T* data);
+  };
+
+  /// The DataView provides a low-level interface for reading/writing multiple
+  /// number types in an ArrayBuffer irrespective of the platform's endianness.
+  class DataView : public Object {
+  public:
+    static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                        Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer);
+    static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                        Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                        size_t byteOffset);
+    static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                        Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                        size_t byteOffset,
+                        size_t byteLength);
+
+    DataView();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ DataView instance.
+    DataView(napi_env env,
+             napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    Napi::ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer() const;    ///< Gets the backing array buffer.
+    size_t ByteOffset() const;    ///< Gets the offset into the buffer where the array starts.
+    size_t ByteLength() const;    ///< Gets the length of the array in bytes.
+
+    void* Data() const;
+
+    float GetFloat32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    double GetFloat64(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    int8_t GetInt8(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    int16_t GetInt16(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    int32_t GetInt32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    uint8_t GetUint8(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    uint16_t GetUint16(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    uint32_t GetUint32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+
+    void SetFloat32(size_t byteOffset, float value) const;
+    void SetFloat64(size_t byteOffset, double value) const;
+    void SetInt8(size_t byteOffset, int8_t value) const;
+    void SetInt16(size_t byteOffset, int16_t value) const;
+    void SetInt32(size_t byteOffset, int32_t value) const;
+    void SetUint8(size_t byteOffset, uint8_t value) const;
+    void SetUint16(size_t byteOffset, uint16_t value) const;
+    void SetUint32(size_t byteOffset, uint32_t value) const;
+
+  private:
+    template <typename T>
+    T ReadData(size_t byteOffset) const;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void WriteData(size_t byteOffset, T value) const;
+
+    void* _data;
+    size_t _length;
+  };
+
+  class Function : public Object {
+  public:
+   using VoidCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+   using Callback = Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+
+   template <VoidCallback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   template <Callback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   template <VoidCallback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   template <Callback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   /// Callable must implement operator() accepting a const CallbackInfo&
+   /// and return either void or Value.
+   template <typename Callable>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       Callable cb,
+                       const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+   /// Callable must implement operator() accepting a const CallbackInfo&
+   /// and return either void or Value.
+   template <typename Callable>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       Callable cb,
+                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   Function();
+   Function(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> operator()(
+       const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(
+       const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(
+       napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                            const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                            size_t argc,
+                            const napi_value* args) const;
+
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> MakeCallback(
+       napi_value recv,
+       const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+       napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                                    const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+                                    napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Value> MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                                    size_t argc,
+                                    const napi_value* args,
+                                    napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+
+   MaybeOrValue<Object> New(
+       const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Object> New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+   MaybeOrValue<Object> New(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+  };
+
+  class Promise : public Object {
+  public:
+    class Deferred {
+    public:
+      static Deferred New(napi_env env);
+      Deferred(napi_env env);
+
+      Napi::Promise Promise() const;
+      Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+      void Resolve(napi_value value) const;
+      void Reject(napi_value value) const;
+
+    private:
+      napi_env _env;
+      napi_deferred _deferred;
+      napi_value _promise;
+    };
+
+    Promise(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class Buffer : public Uint8Array {
+  public:
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, size_t length);
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, T* data, size_t length);
+
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer>
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, T* data,
+                         size_t length,
+                         Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data, Hint* hint)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, T* data,
+                         size_t length,
+                         Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                         Hint* finalizeHint);
+
+    static Buffer<T> Copy(napi_env env, const T* data, size_t length);
+
+    Buffer();
+    Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+    size_t Length() const;
+    T* Data() const;
+
+  private:
+    mutable size_t _length;
+    mutable T* _data;
+
+    Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value, size_t length, T* data);
+    void EnsureInfo() const;
+  };
+
+  /// Holds a counted reference to a value; initially a weak reference unless otherwise specified,
+  /// may be changed to/from a strong reference by adjusting the refcount.
+  ///
+  /// The referenced value is not immediately destroyed when the reference count is zero; it is
+  /// merely then eligible for garbage-collection if there are no other references to the value.
+  template <typename T>
+  class Reference {
+  public:
+    static Reference<T> New(const T& value, uint32_t initialRefcount = 0);
+
+    Reference();
+    Reference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+    ~Reference();
+
+    // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    Reference(Reference<T>&& other);
+    Reference<T>& operator =(Reference<T>&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(Reference<T>)
+
+    operator napi_ref() const;
+    bool operator ==(const Reference<T> &other) const;
+    bool operator !=(const Reference<T> &other) const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+    bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+    // Note when getting the value of a Reference it is usually correct to do so
+    // within a HandleScope so that the value handle gets cleaned up efficiently.
+    T Value() const;
+
+    uint32_t Ref();
+    uint32_t Unref();
+    void Reset();
+    void Reset(const T& value, uint32_t refcount = 0);
+
+    // Call this on a reference that is declared as static data, to prevent its
+    // destructor from running at program shutdown time, which would attempt to
+    // reset the reference when the environment is no longer valid. Avoid using
+    // this if at all possible. If you do need to use static data, MAKE SURE to
+    // warn your users that your addon is NOT threadsafe.
+    void SuppressDestruct();
+
+  protected:
+    Reference(const Reference<T>&);
+
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_ref _ref;
+    /// !endcond
+
+  private:
+    bool _suppressDestruct;
+  };
+
+  class ObjectReference: public Reference<Object> {
+  public:
+    ObjectReference();
+    ObjectReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+
+    // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    ObjectReference(Reference<Object>&& other);
+    ObjectReference& operator =(Reference<Object>&& other);
+    ObjectReference(ObjectReference&& other);
+    ObjectReference& operator =(ObjectReference&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(ObjectReference)
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Get(const char* utf8name) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Get(const std::string& utf8name) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, napi_value value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, Napi::Value value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, const char* utf8value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, bool boolValue);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const char* utf8name, double numberValue);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, napi_value value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, Napi::Value value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, std::string& utf8value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, bool boolValue);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(const std::string& utf8name, double numberValue);
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Get(uint32_t index) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const napi_value value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const Napi::Value value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const char* utf8value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, const std::string& utf8value);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, bool boolValue);
+    MaybeOrValue<bool> Set(uint32_t index, double numberValue);
+
+   protected:
+    ObjectReference(const ObjectReference&);
+  };
+
+  class FunctionReference: public Reference<Function> {
+  public:
+    FunctionReference();
+    FunctionReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+
+    // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    FunctionReference(Reference<Function>&& other);
+    FunctionReference& operator =(Reference<Function>&& other);
+    FunctionReference(FunctionReference&& other);
+    FunctionReference& operator =(FunctionReference&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(FunctionReference)
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> operator()(
+        const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(
+        const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(
+        napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                                   const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> Call(napi_value recv,
+                                   size_t argc,
+                                   const napi_value* args) const;
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> MakeCallback(
+        napi_value recv,
+        const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+        napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> MakeCallback(
+        napi_value recv,
+        const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+        napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Napi::Value> MakeCallback(
+        napi_value recv,
+        size_t argc,
+        const napi_value* args,
+        napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+
+    MaybeOrValue<Object> New(
+        const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+    MaybeOrValue<Object> New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+  };
+
+  // Shortcuts to creating a new reference with inferred type and refcount = 0.
+  template <typename T> Reference<T> Weak(T value);
+  ObjectReference Weak(Object value);
+  FunctionReference Weak(Function value);
+
+  // Shortcuts to creating a new reference with inferred type and refcount = 1.
+  template <typename T> Reference<T> Persistent(T value);
+  ObjectReference Persistent(Object value);
+  FunctionReference Persistent(Function value);
+
+  /// A persistent reference to a JavaScript error object. Use of this class
+  /// depends somewhat on whether C++ exceptions are enabled at compile time.
+  ///
+  /// ### Handling Errors With C++ Exceptions
+  ///
+  /// If C++ exceptions are enabled, then the `Error` class extends
+  /// `std::exception` and enables integrated error-handling for C++ exceptions
+  /// and JavaScript exceptions.
+  ///
+  /// If a Node-API call fails without executing any JavaScript code (for
+  /// example due to an invalid argument), then the Node-API wrapper
+  /// automatically converts and throws the error as a C++ exception of type
+  /// `Napi::Error`. Or if a JavaScript function called by C++ code via Node-API
+  /// throws a JavaScript exception, then the Node-API wrapper automatically
+  /// converts and throws it as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`.
+  ///
+  /// If a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error` escapes from a Node-API C++
+  /// callback, then the Node-API wrapper automatically converts and throws it
+  /// as a JavaScript exception. Therefore, catching a C++ exception of type
+  /// `Napi::Error` prevents a JavaScript exception from being thrown.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 1A - Throwing a C++ exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Env env = ...
+  ///     throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Example exception");
+  ///
+  /// Following C++ statements will not be executed. The exception will bubble
+  /// up as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`, until it is either caught
+  /// while still in C++, or else automatically propataged as a JavaScript
+  /// exception when the callback returns to JavaScript.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 2A - Propagating a Node-API C++ exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///
+  /// Following C++ statements will not be executed. The exception will bubble
+  /// up as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`, until it is either caught
+  /// while still in C++, or else automatically propagated as a JavaScript
+  /// exception when the callback returns to JavaScript.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 3A - Handling a Node-API C++ exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result;
+  ///     try {
+  ///        result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///     } catch (const Napi::Error& e) {
+  ///       cerr << "Caught JavaScript exception: " + e.what();
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Since the exception was caught here, it will not be propagated as a
+  /// JavaScript exception.
+  ///
+  /// ### Handling Errors Without C++ Exceptions
+  ///
+  /// If C++ exceptions are disabled (by defining `NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS`)
+  /// then this class does not extend `std::exception`, and APIs in the `Napi`
+  /// namespace do not throw C++ exceptions when they fail. Instead, they raise
+  /// _pending_ JavaScript exceptions and return _empty_ `Value`s. Calling code
+  /// should check `Value::IsEmpty()` before attempting to use a returned value,
+  /// and may use methods on the `Env` class to check for, get, and clear a
+  /// pending JavaScript exception. If the pending exception is not cleared, it
+  /// will be thrown when the native callback returns to JavaScript.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 1B - Throwing a JS exception
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Env env = ...
+  ///     Napi::Error::New(env, "Example
+  ///     exception").ThrowAsJavaScriptException(); return;
+  ///
+  /// After throwing a JS exception, the code should generally return
+  /// immediately from the native callback, after performing any necessary
+  /// cleanup.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 2B - Propagating a Node-API JS exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///     if (result.IsEmpty()) return;
+  ///
+  /// An empty value result from a Node-API call indicates an error occurred,
+  /// and a JavaScript exception is pending. To let the exception propagate, the
+  /// code should generally return immediately from the native callback, after
+  /// performing any necessary cleanup.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 3B - Handling a Node-API JS exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///     if (result.IsEmpty()) {
+  ///       Napi::Error e = env.GetAndClearPendingException();
+  ///       cerr << "Caught JavaScript exception: " + e.Message();
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Since the exception was cleared here, it will not be propagated as a
+  /// JavaScript exception after the native callback returns.
+  class Error : public ObjectReference
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    , public std::exception
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+  public:
+    static Error New(napi_env env);
+    static Error New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+    static Error New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+    static NAPI_NO_RETURN void Fatal(const char* location, const char* message);
+
+    Error();
+    Error(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+    // An error can be moved or copied.
+    Error(Error&& other);
+    Error& operator =(Error&& other);
+    Error(const Error&);
+    Error& operator =(const Error&);
+
+    const std::string& Message() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+    void ThrowAsJavaScriptException() const;
+
+    Object Value() const;
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    const char* what() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT override;
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+  protected:
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+   using create_error_fn = napi_status (*)(napi_env envb,
+                                           napi_value code,
+                                           napi_value msg,
+                                           napi_value* result);
+
+   template <typename TError>
+   static TError New(napi_env env,
+                     const char* message,
+                     size_t length,
+                     create_error_fn create_error);
+   /// !endcond
+
+  private:
+   const char* ERROR_WRAP_VALUE =
+       "4bda9e7e-4913-4dbc-95de-891cbf66598e-errorVal";
+   mutable std::string _message;
+  };
+
+  class TypeError : public Error {
+  public:
+    static TypeError New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+    static TypeError New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+    TypeError();
+    TypeError(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+  };
+
+  class RangeError : public Error {
+  public:
+    static RangeError New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+    static RangeError New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+    RangeError();
+    RangeError(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+  };
+
+  class CallbackInfo {
+  public:
+    CallbackInfo(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    ~CallbackInfo();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent multiple free of _dynamicArgs
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CallbackInfo)
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+    Value NewTarget() const;
+    bool IsConstructCall() const;
+    size_t Length() const;
+    const Value operator [](size_t index) const;
+    Value This() const;
+    void* Data() const;
+    void SetData(void* data);
+
+  private:
+    const size_t _staticArgCount = 6;
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_callback_info _info;
+    napi_value _this;
+    size_t _argc;
+    napi_value* _argv;
+    napi_value _staticArgs[6];
+    napi_value* _dynamicArgs;
+    void* _data;
+  };
+
+  class PropertyDescriptor {
+  public:
+   using GetterCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+   using SetterCallback = void (*)(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+
+#ifndef NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(napi_value name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(napi_value name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(const char* utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(napi_value name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Name name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+#endif // !NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       Name name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(const char* utf8name,
+                                    napi_value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                    napi_value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(napi_value name,
+                                    napi_value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(Name name,
+                                    Napi::Value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+
+    PropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc);
+
+    operator napi_property_descriptor&();
+    operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_property_descriptor _desc;
+  };
+
+  /// Property descriptor for use with `ObjectWrap::DefineClass()`.
+  ///
+  /// This is different from the standalone `PropertyDescriptor` because it is specific to each
+  /// `ObjectWrap<T>` subclass. This prevents using descriptors from a different class when
+  /// defining a new class (preventing the callbacks from having incorrect `this` pointers).
+  template <typename T>
+  class ClassPropertyDescriptor {
+  public:
+    ClassPropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc) : _desc(desc) {}
+
+    operator napi_property_descriptor&() { return _desc; }
+    operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const { return _desc; }
+
+  private:
+    napi_property_descriptor _desc;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T, typename TCallback>
+  struct MethodCallbackData {
+    TCallback callback;
+    void* data;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T, typename TGetterCallback, typename TSetterCallback>
+  struct AccessorCallbackData {
+    TGetterCallback getterCallback;
+    TSetterCallback setterCallback;
+    void* data;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class InstanceWrap {
+   public:
+    using InstanceVoidMethodCallback = void (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using InstanceMethodCallback = Napi::Value (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using InstanceGetterCallback = Napi::Value (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using InstanceSetterCallback = void (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info,
+                                               const Napi::Value& value);
+
+    using PropertyDescriptor = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             InstanceMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             InstanceMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                               InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+                                               InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                               InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+                                               InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceGetterCallback getter, InstanceSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceGetterCallback getter, InstanceSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceValue(const char* utf8name,
+                                            Napi::Value value,
+                                            napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceValue(Symbol name,
+                                            Napi::Value value,
+                                            napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+
+   protected:
+    static void AttachPropData(napi_env env, napi_value value, const napi_property_descriptor* prop);
+
+   private:
+    using This = InstanceWrap<T>;
+
+    using InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, InstanceVoidMethodCallback>;
+    using InstanceMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, InstanceMethodCallback>;
+    using InstanceAccessorCallbackData =
+        AccessorCallbackData<T, InstanceGetterCallback, InstanceSetterCallback>;
+
+    static napi_value InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+
+    template <InstanceSetterCallback method>
+    static napi_value WrappedMethod(napi_env env,
+                                    napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+    template <InstanceSetterCallback setter> struct SetterTag {};
+
+    template <InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+    static napi_callback WrapSetter(SetterTag<setter>) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return &This::WrappedMethod<setter>;
+    }
+    static napi_callback WrapSetter(SetterTag<nullptr>) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /// Base class to be extended by C++ classes exposed to JavaScript; each C++ class instance gets
+  /// "wrapped" by a JavaScript object that is managed by this class.
+  ///
+  /// At initialization time, the `DefineClass()` method must be used to
+  /// hook up the accessor and method callbacks. It takes a list of
+  /// property descriptors, which can be constructed via the various
+  /// static methods on the base class.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example:
+  ///
+  ///     class Example: public Napi::ObjectWrap<Example> {
+  ///       public:
+  ///         static void Initialize(Napi::Env& env, Napi::Object& target) {
+  ///           Napi::Function constructor = DefineClass(env, "Example", {
+  ///             InstanceAccessor<&Example::GetSomething, &Example::SetSomething>("value"),
+  ///             InstanceMethod<&Example::DoSomething>("doSomething"),
+  ///           });
+  ///           target.Set("Example", constructor);
+  ///         }
+  ///
+  ///         Example(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info); // Constructor
+  ///         Napi::Value GetSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+  ///         void SetSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value);
+  ///         Napi::Value DoSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+  ///     }
+  template <typename T>
+  class ObjectWrap : public InstanceWrap<T>, public Reference<Object> {
+  public:
+    ObjectWrap(const CallbackInfo& callbackInfo);
+    virtual ~ObjectWrap();
+
+    static T* Unwrap(Object wrapper);
+
+    // Methods exposed to JavaScript must conform to one of these callback signatures.
+    using StaticVoidMethodCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using StaticMethodCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using StaticGetterCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using StaticSetterCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info,
+                                          const Napi::Value& value);
+
+    using PropertyDescriptor = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+
+    static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* utf8name,
+                                const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties,
+                                void* data = nullptr);
+    static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* utf8name,
+                                const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties,
+                                void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           StaticMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           StaticMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                             StaticGetterCallback getter,
+                                             StaticSetterCallback setter,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                             StaticGetterCallback getter,
+                                             StaticSetterCallback setter,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticGetterCallback getter, StaticSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticGetterCallback getter, StaticSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticValue(const char* utf8name,
+                                          Napi::Value value,
+                                          napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticValue(Symbol name,
+                                          Napi::Value value,
+                                          napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    virtual void Finalize(Napi::Env env);
+
+  private:
+    using This = ObjectWrap<T>;
+
+    static napi_value ConstructorCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticGetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticSetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static void FinalizeCallback(napi_env env, void* data, void* hint);
+    static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* utf8name,
+                                const size_t props_count,
+                                const napi_property_descriptor* props,
+                                void* data = nullptr);
+
+    using StaticVoidMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, StaticVoidMethodCallback>;
+    using StaticMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, StaticMethodCallback>;
+
+    using StaticAccessorCallbackData =
+        AccessorCallbackData<T, StaticGetterCallback, StaticSetterCallback>;
+
+    template <StaticSetterCallback method>
+    static napi_value WrappedMethod(napi_env env,
+                                    napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+    template <StaticSetterCallback setter> struct StaticSetterTag {};
+
+    template <StaticSetterCallback setter>
+    static napi_callback WrapStaticSetter(StaticSetterTag<setter>)
+        NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return &This::WrappedMethod<setter>;
+    }
+    static napi_callback WrapStaticSetter(StaticSetterTag<nullptr>)
+        NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool _construction_failed = true;
+  };
+
+  class HandleScope {
+  public:
+    HandleScope(napi_env env, napi_handle_scope scope);
+    explicit HandleScope(Napi::Env env);
+    ~HandleScope();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_handle_scope
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(HandleScope)
+
+    operator napi_handle_scope() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_handle_scope _scope;
+  };
+
+  class EscapableHandleScope {
+  public:
+    EscapableHandleScope(napi_env env, napi_escapable_handle_scope scope);
+    explicit EscapableHandleScope(Napi::Env env);
+    ~EscapableHandleScope();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_escapable_handle_scope
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(EscapableHandleScope)
+
+    operator napi_escapable_handle_scope() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+    Value Escape(napi_value escapee);
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_escapable_handle_scope _scope;
+  };
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 2)
+  class CallbackScope {
+  public:
+    CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_callback_scope scope);
+    CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_async_context context);
+    virtual ~CallbackScope();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_callback_scope
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CallbackScope)
+
+    operator napi_callback_scope() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_callback_scope _scope;
+  };
+#endif
+
+  class AsyncContext {
+  public:
+    explicit AsyncContext(napi_env env, const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncContext(napi_env env, const char* resource_name, const Object& resource);
+    virtual ~AsyncContext();
+
+    AsyncContext(AsyncContext&& other);
+    AsyncContext& operator =(AsyncContext&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(AsyncContext)
+
+    operator napi_async_context() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_async_context _context;
+  };
+
+  class AsyncWorker {
+  public:
+    virtual ~AsyncWorker();
+
+    // An async worker can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    AsyncWorker(AsyncWorker&& other);
+    AsyncWorker& operator =(AsyncWorker&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(AsyncWorker)
+
+    operator napi_async_work() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+    void Queue();
+    void Cancel();
+    void SuppressDestruct();
+
+    ObjectReference& Receiver();
+    FunctionReference& Callback();
+
+    virtual void OnExecute(Napi::Env env);
+    virtual void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env,
+                                napi_status status);
+
+  protected:
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name,
+                         const Object& resource);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                         const Function& callback);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                         const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                         const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name,
+                         const Object& resource);
+
+    explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                         const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                         const char* resource_name,
+                         const Object& resource);
+
+    virtual void Execute() = 0;
+    virtual void OnOK();
+    virtual void OnError(const Error& e);
+    virtual void Destroy();
+    virtual std::vector<napi_value> GetResult(Napi::Env env);
+
+    void SetError(const std::string& error);
+
+  private:
+    static inline void OnAsyncWorkExecute(napi_env env, void* asyncworker);
+    static inline void OnAsyncWorkComplete(napi_env env,
+                                           napi_status status,
+                                           void* asyncworker);
+
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_async_work _work;
+    ObjectReference _receiver;
+    FunctionReference _callback;
+    std::string _error;
+    bool _suppress_destruct;
+  };
+
+  #if (NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__))
+  class ThreadSafeFunction {
+  public:
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+              typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+              typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    ThreadSafeFunction();
+    ThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsFunctionValue);
+
+    operator napi_threadsafe_function() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status BlockingCall() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename Callback>
+    napi_status BlockingCall(Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+    napi_status BlockingCall(DataType* data, Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename Callback>
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall(Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data, Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Ref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Unref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Acquire() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Release();
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Abort();
+
+    struct ConvertibleContext
+    {
+      template <class T>
+      operator T*() { return static_cast<T*>(context); }
+      void* context;
+    };
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    ConvertibleContext GetContext() const;
+
+  private:
+    using CallbackWrapper = std::function<void(Napi::Env, Napi::Function)>;
+
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+              typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data,
+                                  napi_finalize wrapper);
+
+    napi_status CallInternal(CallbackWrapper* callbackWrapper,
+                        napi_threadsafe_function_call_mode mode) const;
+
+    static void CallJS(napi_env env,
+                       napi_value jsCallback,
+                       void* context,
+                       void* data);
+
+    napi_threadsafe_function _tsfn;
+  };
+
+  // A TypedThreadSafeFunction by default has no context (nullptr) and can
+  // accept any type (void) to its CallJs.
+  template <typename ContextType = std::nullptr_t,
+            typename DataType = void,
+            void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*) =
+                nullptr>
+  class TypedThreadSafeFunction {
+   public:
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Helper function that returns nullptr if running Node-API 5+, otherwise a
+    // non-empty, no-op Function. This provides the ability to specify at
+    // compile-time a callback parameter to `New` that safely does no action
+    // when targeting _any_ Node-API version.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+    static std::nullptr_t EmptyFunctionFactory(Napi::Env env);
+#else
+    static Napi::Function EmptyFunctionFactory(Napi::Env env);
+#endif
+    static Napi::Function FunctionOrEmpty(Napi::Env env,
+                                          Napi::Function& callback);
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+#endif
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename CallbackType,
+              typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        CallbackType callback,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction();
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsFunctionValue);
+
+    operator napi_threadsafe_function() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status BlockingCall(DataType* data = nullptr) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data = nullptr) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Ref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Unref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Acquire() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Release();
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Abort();
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    ContextType* GetContext() const;
+
+   private:
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data,
+        napi_finalize wrapper);
+
+    static void CallJsInternal(napi_env env,
+                               napi_value jsCallback,
+                               void* context,
+                               void* data);
+
+   protected:
+    napi_threadsafe_function _tsfn;
+  };
+  template <typename DataType>
+  class AsyncProgressWorkerBase : public AsyncWorker {
+    public:
+     virtual void OnWorkProgress(DataType* data) = 0;
+     class ThreadSafeData {
+       public:
+        ThreadSafeData(AsyncProgressWorkerBase* asyncprogressworker, DataType* data)
+          : _asyncprogressworker(asyncprogressworker), _data(data) {}
+
+        AsyncProgressWorkerBase* asyncprogressworker() { return _asyncprogressworker; };
+        DataType* data() { return _data; };
+
+       private:
+        AsyncProgressWorkerBase* _asyncprogressworker;
+        DataType* _data;
+     };
+     void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status) override;
+    protected:
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorkerBase(const Object& receiver,
+                                      const Function& callback,
+                                      const char* resource_name,
+                                      const Object& resource,
+                                      size_t queue_size = 1);
+    virtual ~AsyncProgressWorkerBase();
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after NAPI_VERSION 4.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorkerBase(Napi::Env env,
+                                      const char* resource_name,
+                                      const Object& resource,
+                                      size_t queue_size = 1);
+#endif
+
+     static inline void OnAsyncWorkProgress(Napi::Env env,
+                                            Napi::Function jsCallback,
+                                            void* data);
+
+     napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data);
+
+    private:
+     ThreadSafeFunction _tsfn;
+     bool _work_completed = false;
+     napi_status _complete_status;
+     static inline void OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize(Napi::Env env, void* data, AsyncProgressWorkerBase* context);
+  };
+
+  template<class T>
+  class AsyncProgressWorker : public AsyncProgressWorkerBase<void> {
+    public:
+     virtual ~AsyncProgressWorker();
+
+     class ExecutionProgress {
+        friend class AsyncProgressWorker;
+       public:
+        void Signal() const;
+        void Send(const T* data, size_t count) const;
+       private:
+        explicit ExecutionProgress(AsyncProgressWorker* worker) : _worker(worker) {}
+        AsyncProgressWorker* const _worker;
+     };
+
+     void OnWorkProgress(void*) override;
+
+    protected:
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                  const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource);
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after NAPI_VERSION 4.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                  const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource);
+#endif
+     virtual void Execute(const ExecutionProgress& progress) = 0;
+     virtual void OnProgress(const T* data, size_t count) = 0;
+
+    private:
+     void Execute() override;
+     void Signal() const;
+     void SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count);
+
+     std::mutex _mutex;
+     T* _asyncdata;
+     size_t _asyncsize;
+  };
+
+  template<class T>
+  class AsyncProgressQueueWorker : public AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>> {
+    public:
+     virtual ~AsyncProgressQueueWorker() {};
+
+     class ExecutionProgress {
+        friend class AsyncProgressQueueWorker;
+       public:
+        void Signal() const;
+        void Send(const T* data, size_t count) const;
+       private:
+        explicit ExecutionProgress(AsyncProgressQueueWorker* worker) : _worker(worker) {}
+        AsyncProgressQueueWorker* const _worker;
+     };
+
+     void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status) override;
+     void OnWorkProgress(std::pair<T*, size_t>*) override;
+
+    protected:
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name,
+                                       const Object& resource);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                       const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                       const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                       const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name,
+                                       const Object& resource);
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after NAPI_VERSION 4.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                       const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                       const char* resource_name,
+                                       const Object& resource);
+#endif
+     virtual void Execute(const ExecutionProgress& progress) = 0;
+     virtual void OnProgress(const T* data, size_t count) = 0;
+
+    private:
+     void Execute() override;
+     void Signal() const;
+     void SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count);
+  };
+  #endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__)
+
+  // Memory management.
+  class MemoryManagement {
+    public:
+      static int64_t AdjustExternalMemory(Env env, int64_t change_in_bytes);
+  };
+
+  // Version management
+  class VersionManagement {
+    public:
+      static uint32_t GetNapiVersion(Env env);
+      static const napi_node_version* GetNodeVersion(Env env);
+  };
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  template <typename T>
+  class Addon : public InstanceWrap<T> {
+   public:
+    static inline Object Init(Env env, Object exports);
+    static T* Unwrap(Object wrapper);
+
+   protected:
+    using AddonProp = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+    void DefineAddon(Object exports,
+                     const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props);
+    Napi::Object DefineProperties(Object object,
+                                 const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props);
+
+   private:
+    Object entry_point_;
+  };
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+} // namespace Napi
+
+// Inline implementations of all the above class methods are included here.
+#include "napi-inl.h"
+
+#endif // SRC_NAPI_H_