jz 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

package/src/host.js

@@ -20,10 +20,23 @@ import { wasi } from '../wasi.js'
 
 // NaN-boxing encode/decode — shared 8-byte scratch buffer
 const _buf = new ArrayBuffer(8), _u32 = new Uint32Array(_buf), _f64 = new Float64Array(_buf)
-// Sentinel NaN for "undefined/missing arg" (payload=1, distinct from JS NaN payload=0)
-_u32[1] = 0x7FF80000; _u32[0] = 1; export const UNDEF_NAN = _f64[0]
-// Null NaN: type=0 (ATOM), aux=1, offset=0 — distinct from 0, NaN, and UNDEF_NAN
+// Cross-typed-array view for i64↔f64 reinterpretation. Used at every wasm↔JS
+// boundary that carries a NaN-boxed pointer as i64 bits — V8 may canonicalize
+// f64 NaN payloads at the boundary, so the carrier is BigInt and reinterpret
+// runs once on each side. Separate buffer so it never aliases _u32/_f64.
+const _bi64 = (() => {
+  const ab = new ArrayBuffer(8), bi = new BigInt64Array(ab), fv = new Float64Array(ab)
+  return {
+    i64ToF64: (big) => { bi[0] = big; return fv[0] },
+    f64ToI64: (f) => { fv[0] = f; return bi[0] },
+  }
+})()
+export const i64ToF64 = _bi64.i64ToF64
+export const f64ToI64 = _bi64.f64ToI64
+// Reserved atoms (type=0, offset=0): aux=1 → null, aux=2 → undefined.
+// Distinct from 0, JS NaN (payload=0), and all pointers.
 _u32[1] = 0x7FF80001; _u32[0] = 0; export const NULL_NAN = _f64[0]
+_u32[1] = 0x7FF80002; _u32[0] = 0; export const UNDEF_NAN = _f64[0]
 
 // Coerce JS null/undefined → NaN-boxed sentinels for WASM boundary
 export const coerce = v => v === null ? NULL_NAN : v === undefined ? UNDEF_NAN : v
@@ -32,8 +45,9 @@ export const coerce = v => v === null ? NULL_NAN : v === undefined ? UNDEF_NAN :
 const decode = v => {
   if (v === v) return v  // fast path: non-NaN
   _f64[0] = v
-  if (_u32[1] === 0x7FF80001 && _u32[0] === 0) return null
-  if (_u32[1] === 0x7FF80000 && _u32[0] === 1) return undefined
+  if (_u32[0] !== 0) return v
+  if (_u32[1] === 0x7FF80001) return null
+  if (_u32[1] === 0x7FF80002) return undefined
   return v
 }
 
@@ -99,16 +113,22 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
 
   // JS-side bump allocator (heap ptr at byte 1020, same convention as WASM)
   const jsAlloc = (bytes) => {
-    const d = dv(), p = d.getInt32(1020, true)
+    let d = dv(), p = d.getInt32(1020, true)
     const aligned = (p + 7) & ~7  // 8-byte align
     const next = aligned + bytes
-    if (next > mem.buffer.byteLength) mem.grow(Math.ceil((next - mem.buffer.byteLength) / 65536))
+    if (next > mem.buffer.byteLength) {
+      mem.grow(Math.ceil((next - mem.buffer.byteLength) / 65536))
+      d = dv()  // buffer was detached by grow
+    }
     d.setInt32(1020, next, true)
     return aligned
   }
 
   // Use WASM allocator if available, else JS-side bump
   let alloc = wasmExports?._alloc || jsAlloc
+  // JS-side reset: rewind the bump pointer at byte 1020. Only used when no WASM
+  // _clear is present (otherwise the WASM global / shared slot is authoritative).
+  const jsReset = () => dv().setInt32(1020, 1024, true)
 
   // Initialize heap pointer if not yet set
   const initDv = dv()
@@ -150,7 +170,8 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
   if (_enhanced.has(mem)) {
     mem.schemas = schemas
     if (wasmExports?._alloc) { alloc = wasmExports._alloc; mem.alloc = alloc }
-    if (wasmExports?._reset) mem.reset = wasmExports._reset
+    if (wasmExports?._clear) mem.reset = wasmExports._clear
+    else if (!mem.reset) mem.reset = jsReset
     if (extMap) mem._extMap = extMap
     return mem
   }
@@ -160,8 +181,14 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
   mem._extMap = extMap
 
   mem.Array = (data) => {
-    const n = data.length, off = hdr(n, n, n * 8), m = dv()
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) m.setFloat64(off + i * 8, mem.wrapVal(data[i]), true)
+    const n = data.length, off = hdr(n, n, n * 8)
+    // Stage as i64 bits, not as JS Numbers: V8 may transition a JS Array holding
+    // NaN-payload doubles to HOLEY_DOUBLE_ELEMENTS, which canonicalizes the NaN
+    // payload to 0x7FF8000000000000 — destroying the type/offset bits.
+    const wrapped = new BigInt64Array(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) wrapped[i] = f64ToI64(mem.wrapVal(data[i]))
+    const dst = new BigInt64Array(mem.buffer, off, n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) dst[i] = wrapped[i]
     return ptr(1, 0, off)
   }
 
@@ -169,7 +196,7 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
     if (str.length <= 4 && /^[\x00-\x7f]*$/.test(str)) {
       let packed = 0
       for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) packed |= str.charCodeAt(i) << (i * 8)
-      return ptr(5, str.length, packed)  // SSO
+      return ptr(4, 0x4000 | str.length, packed)  // STRING + SSO_BIT
     }
     const enc = new TextEncoder().encode(str)
     const n = enc.length, raw = alloc(4 + n), m = dv()
@@ -192,6 +219,10 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
     if (v === null || v === undefined) return coerce(v)
     if (typeof v === 'number' || typeof v === 'boolean') return Number(v)
     if (typeof v === 'string') return this.String(v)
+    // BigInt as a data value crosses the boundary as a decimal-string. wasm-side
+    // numeric parsers accept string form. Direct i64 function args go through this
+    // path too; the call wrappers below detect BigInt before adaptArgs reinterprets.
+    if (typeof v === 'bigint') return this.String(v.toString())
     if (Array.isArray(v)) return this.Array(v)
     if (v instanceof ArrayBuffer) return this.Buffer(v)
     if (v instanceof DataView) return this.Buffer(v.buffer)
@@ -223,14 +254,19 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
       else if (this._extMap) return this.External(obj)
       else throw Error(`No schema for {${key}}`)
     }
-    const schema = schemas[sid], n = schema.length, raw = alloc(n * 8), m = dv()
+    const schema = schemas[sid], n = schema.length, raw = alloc(n * 8)
+    // Stage as i64 bits so V8 can't canonicalize NaN-payload pointers across
+    // recursive allocations. See mem.Array for the same pattern.
+    const wrapped = new BigInt64Array(n)
     for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       let v = obj[schema[i]]
       if (v === null || v === undefined) v = coerce(v)
       else if (typeof v === 'string') v = this.String(v)
       else if (Array.isArray(v)) v = this.Array(v)
-      m.setFloat64(raw + i * 8, v, true)
+      wrapped[i] = f64ToI64(v)
     }
+    const dst = new BigInt64Array(mem.buffer, raw, n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) dst[i] = wrapped[i]
     return ptr(6, sid, raw)
   }
 
@@ -238,8 +274,10 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
     if (Array.isArray(p)) return p.map(v => this.read(v))  // multi-value tuple
     if (p === p) return p  // regular number passthrough (NaN fails ===)
     const t = type(p), a = aux(p), off = offset(p)
-    if (t === 0 && a === 1 && off === 0) return null
-    if (t === 0 && a === 0 && off === 1) return undefined
+    if (t === 0 && off === 0) {
+      if (a === 1) return null
+      if (a === 2) return undefined
+    }
     if (t === 11 && this._extMap) return this._extMap[off]
     if (t === 1) {  // ARRAY
       let m = dv(), aOff = off
@@ -267,15 +305,16 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
       new Uint8Array(out).set(new Uint8Array(mem.buffer, off, byteLen))
       return out
     }
-    if (t === 4) {  // STRING (heap)
+    if (t === 4) {  // STRING (aux bit 0x4000 = SSO inline, else heap)
+      const a2 = aux(p)
+      if (a2 & 0x4000) {
+        const len = a2 & 0x7; let s = ''
+        for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) s += String.fromCharCode((off >>> (i * 8)) & 0xFF)
+        return s
+      }
       const len = dv().getInt32(off - 4, true)
       return new TextDecoder().decode(new Uint8Array(mem.buffer, off, len))
     }
-    if (t === 5) {  // STRING_SSO
-      const len = aux(p); let s = ''
-      for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) s += String.fromCharCode((off >>> (i * 8)) & 0xFF)
-      return s
-    }
     if (t === 6) {  // OBJECT
       const m = dv(), sid = aux(p), keys = this.schemas[sid]
       if (!keys) return p
@@ -352,7 +391,7 @@ export const memory = (src) => {
   }
 
   mem.alloc = alloc
-  mem.reset = wasmExports?._reset || null
+  mem.reset = wasmExports?._clear || jsReset
 
   // TypedArray constructors: memory.Float64Array(data), etc.
   for (const [name, [elemId, stride, , setter]] of Object.entries(ELEMS)) {
@@ -382,6 +421,17 @@ export const wrap = (memSrc, inst) => {
         restFuncs.set(typeof entry === 'string' ? entry : entry.name, typeof entry === 'string' ? 0 : entry.fixed)
     } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
   }
+  // i64-ABI exports: boundary-wrapped funcs whose NaN-boxed pointer params/
+  // result ride i64 to dodge V8's NaN canonicalization. Map: name → { p, r }
+  // with p = bit mask of i64 params, r = 1 iff result is i64. JS side
+  // reinterprets f64↔BigInt only at those positions (see
+  // synthesizeBoundaryWrappers).
+  const i64Exp = new Map(), EMPTY_SET = new Set()
+  const i64Secs = WebAssembly.Module.customSections(mod, 'jz:i64exp')
+  if (i64Secs.length) {
+    try { for (const e of JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(i64Secs[0]))) i64Exp.set(e.name, { p: new Set(e.p), r: e.r }) }
+    catch { /* ignore */ }
+  }
 
   const mem = memory(memSrc)
   const lastErrBits = realInst.exports.__jz_last_err_bits
@@ -398,32 +448,87 @@ export const wrap = (memSrc, inst) => {
     throw wrapped
   }
   const exports = {}
+  // Per-position carrier swap: f64 stays Number, i64 positions reinterpret to
+  // BigInt before the call and back to Number after. p is a Set of i64 param
+  // indices; r = result is i64. Numeric (f64) positions pass through unchanged.
+  const adaptArgs = (a, p) => p.size === 0 ? a : a.map((x, i) => p.has(i) ? f64ToI64(x) : x)
+  const adaptRet = (ret, r) => r ? i64ToF64(ret) : ret
+
+  // Arity-specialized wrapper: rest-spread + .map() + .apply() costs ~85ns/call
+  // on hot loops (mandelbrot benchmark: 51ms wrapped vs 35ms direct over 200K
+  // calls). Generating positional `function(a0, a1, ...)` via Function lets V8
+  // fully inline the WASM call. Falls back to the spread-form wrapper if the
+  // Function constructor is unavailable (CSP) or arity is unusually large.
+  const makeFastWrapper = (fn, len, p, r, decode_, wrap_) => {
+    const params = [], wrapped = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      const a = `a${i}`
+      params.push(a)
+      const w = wrap_ ? `wrap_(${a})` : `coerce(${a})`
+      wrapped.push(p.has(i) ? `f64ToI64(${w})` : w)
+    }
+    const callExpr = `fn(${wrapped.join(',')})`
+    const retExpr = r ? `i64ToF64(${callExpr})` : callExpr
+    const body = `return function(${params.join(',')}) {\n` +
+      `  try { return decode_(${retExpr}) } catch (e) { decodeThrown(e) }\n` +
+      `}`
+    return new Function('fn', 'wrap_', 'coerce', 'decode_', 'f64ToI64', 'i64ToF64', 'decodeThrown', body)(
+      fn, wrap_, coerce, decode_, f64ToI64, i64ToF64, decodeThrown)
+  }
+
   // Pure scalar module (no memory): pass f64 values directly, no marshaling
   if (!mem) {
-    for (const [name, fn] of Object.entries(realInst.exports))
-      exports[name] = typeof fn === 'function'
-        ? (...args) => { while (args.length < fn.length) args.push(undefined); try { return decode(fn(...args.map(coerce))) } catch (e) { decodeThrown(e) } }
-        : fn
+    for (const [name, fn] of Object.entries(realInst.exports)) {
+      if (typeof fn !== 'function') { exports[name] = fn; continue }
+      const sig = i64Exp.get(name)
+      const p = sig?.p || EMPTY_SET, r = sig?.r || 0
+      const len = fn.length
+      try {
+        exports[name] = makeFastWrapper(fn, len, p, r, decode, null)
+        continue
+      } catch { /* CSP fallback */ }
+      exports[name] = (...args) => {
+        while (args.length < len) args.push(undefined)
+        try {
+          const wasmArgs = adaptArgs(args.map(coerce), p)
+          return decode(adaptRet(fn(...wasmArgs), r))
+        } catch (e) { decodeThrown(e) }
+      }
+    }
     return exports
   }
+  const memWrapVal = mem.wrapVal.bind(mem)
+  const memRead = mem.read.bind(mem)
   for (const [name, fn] of Object.entries(realInst.exports)) {
     if (restFuncs.has(name) && typeof fn === 'function') {
       const fixed = restFuncs.get(name)
+      const sig = i64Exp.get(name)
+      const p = sig?.p || EMPTY_SET, r = sig?.r || 0
       exports[name] = (...args) => {
         const a = args.slice(0, fixed).map(x => mem.wrapVal(x))
         while (a.length < fixed) a.push(UNDEF_NAN)
         a.push(mem.Array(args.slice(fixed)))
         try {
-          return mem.read(fn.apply(null, a))
+          const ret = fn.apply(null, adaptArgs(a, p))
+          return mem.read(adaptRet(ret, r))
         } catch (error) {
           decodeThrown(error)
         }
       }
     } else if (typeof fn === 'function') {
+      const sig = i64Exp.get(name)
+      const p = sig?.p || EMPTY_SET, r = sig?.r || 0
+      const len = fn.length
+      try {
+        exports[name] = makeFastWrapper(fn, len, p, r, memRead, memWrapVal)
+        continue
+      } catch { /* CSP fallback */ }
       exports[name] = (...args) => {
-        while (args.length < fn.length) args.push(undefined)
+        while (args.length < len) args.push(undefined)
         try {
-          return mem.read(fn.apply(null, args.map(x => mem.wrapVal(x))))
+          const boxed = args.map(x => mem.wrapVal(x))
+          const ret = fn.apply(null, adaptArgs(boxed, p))
+          return mem.read(adaptRet(ret, r))
         } catch (error) {
           decodeThrown(error)
         }
@@ -435,41 +540,109 @@ export const wrap = (memSrc, inst) => {
   return exports
 }
 
-/**
- * Compile, instantiate, and wrap exports (with WASI + rest-param support).
- * `compile` is the jz.compile function (injected to avoid importing the compiler core).
- */
-export const instantiate = (compile, code, opts = {}) => {
-  const extMap = [null]
-  let mem = null
+const prepareInterop = (opts) => {
+  const state = { extMap: [null], mem: null }
   opts._interp = opts._interp || {}
-  opts._interp.__ext_prop = (objPtr, propPtr) => {
-    const obj = extMap[offset(objPtr)]
-    const prop = mem.read(propPtr)
-    return mem.wrapVal(typeof obj[prop] === 'function' ? obj[prop].bind(obj) : obj[prop])
+  // __ext_* receive NaN-boxed pointers across the env boundary as i64 (BigInt
+  // in JS) — see module/collection.js header for rationale. f64 returns are
+  // wrapped back to BigInt so the wasm side reinterprets a non-canonicalized
+  // bit pattern.
+  opts._interp.__ext_prop = (objBig, propBig) => {
+    const objPtr = i64ToF64(objBig), propPtr = i64ToF64(propBig)
+    const obj = state.extMap[offset(objPtr)]
+    const prop = state.mem.read(propPtr)
+    return f64ToI64(state.mem.wrapVal(typeof obj[prop] === 'function' ? obj[prop].bind(obj) : obj[prop]))
   }
-  opts._interp.__ext_has = (objPtr, propPtr) => {
-    return (mem.read(propPtr) in extMap[offset(objPtr)]) ? 1 : 0
+  opts._interp.__ext_has = (objBig, propBig) => {
+    return (state.mem.read(i64ToF64(propBig)) in state.extMap[offset(i64ToF64(objBig))]) ? 1 : 0
   }
-  opts._interp.__ext_set = (objPtr, propPtr, valPtr) => {
-    extMap[offset(objPtr)][mem.read(propPtr)] = mem.read(valPtr)
+  opts._interp.__ext_set = (objBig, propBig, valBig) => {
+    state.extMap[offset(i64ToF64(objBig))][state.mem.read(i64ToF64(propBig))] = state.mem.read(i64ToF64(valBig))
     return 1
   }
-  opts._interp.__ext_call = (objPtr, propPtr, argsPtr) => {
-    const obj = extMap[offset(objPtr)]
-    const prop = mem.read(propPtr)
-    const args = mem.read(argsPtr)
-    return mem.wrapVal(obj[prop].apply(obj, args))
+  opts._interp.__ext_call = (objBig, propBig, argsBig) => {
+    const obj = state.extMap[offset(i64ToF64(objBig))]
+    const prop = state.mem.read(i64ToF64(propBig))
+    const args = state.mem.read(i64ToF64(argsBig))
+    return f64ToI64(state.mem.wrapVal(obj[prop].apply(obj, args)))
   }
+  return state
+}
 
-  const wasm = compile(code, opts)
-  opts.extMap = extMap
-  const mod = new WebAssembly.Module(wasm)
+// Default JS-host wiring for env.print + env.now — auto-installed when the wasm
+// imports them (host: 'js' mode lowering in module/console.js). Caller-provided
+// opts.imports.env entries take precedence.
+const installDefaultEnvImports = (mod, imports, state) => {
+  const envFns = new Set(WebAssembly.Module.imports(mod)
+    .filter(i => i.module === 'env' && i.kind === 'function').map(i => i.name))
+  if (!envFns.size) return
+  if (!imports.env) imports.env = {}
+  if (envFns.has('print') && !imports.env.print) {
+    const buf = ['', '', '']  // fd 0/1/2 line buffers
+    const pending = []
+    const flush = (fd) => {
+      const out = fd === 2 ? console.error : console.log
+      out(buf[fd])
+      buf[fd] = ''
+    }
+    // env.print's val param is i64 to dodge V8's f64 NaN canonicalization
+    // across the wasm→JS boundary (see module/console.js header). Reinterpret
+    // the BigInt's bits as f64 here so mem.read sees the original NaN-box.
+    const write = (valBig, fd, sep) => {
+      const v = state.mem.read(i64ToF64(valBig))
+      buf[fd] += String(v)
+      if (sep === 32) buf[fd] += ' '
+      else if (sep === 10) flush(fd)
+    }
+    imports.env.print = (val, fd, sep) => {
+      if (!state.mem) pending.push([val, fd, sep])
+      else write(val, fd, sep)
+    }
+    state.flushPrint = () => {
+      for (const args of pending) write(...args)
+      pending.length = 0
+    }
+  }
+  if (envFns.has('now') && !imports.env.now) {
+    imports.env.now = (clock) =>
+      clock === 1 ? (typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() : Date.now()) : Date.now()
+  }
+  // host: 'js' timer wiring. Wasm calls env.setTimeout/clearTimeout; we drive
+  // callbacks back via the exported __invoke_closure trampoline (state.invoke).
+  // Each id maps to a cancel thunk so set/clear share state without tagging.
+  // env.setTimeout receives cbPtr as i64 bits (BigInt) — see module/timer.js;
+  // __invoke_closure also takes i64 now, so the BigInt feeds it directly.
+  if (envFns.has('setTimeout') || envFns.has('clearTimeout')) {
+    const cancel = new Map()
+    let nextId = 1
+    if (envFns.has('setTimeout') && !imports.env.setTimeout) imports.env.setTimeout = (cbBig, delayMs, repeat) => {
+      const id = nextId++
+      const fire = () => state.invoke?.(cbBig)
+      if (repeat) {
+        const h = setInterval(fire, delayMs)
+        cancel.set(id, () => clearInterval(h))
+      } else {
+        const h = setTimeout(() => { cancel.delete(id); fire() }, delayMs)
+        cancel.set(id, () => clearTimeout(h))
+      }
+      return id
+    }
+    if (envFns.has('clearTimeout') && !imports.env.clearTimeout) imports.env.clearTimeout = (id) => {
+      const c = cancel.get(id)
+      if (c) { c(); cancel.delete(id) }
+      return 0
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const buildImports = (mod, opts, state) => {
   const needsWasi = WebAssembly.Module.imports(mod).some(i => i.module === 'wasi_snapshot_preview1')
   const imports = needsWasi ? wasi(opts) : {}
   if (opts._interp) imports.env = { ...imports.env, ...opts._interp }
 
-  // Host imports: decode NaN-boxed args for JS and wrap JS returns back into jz values.
+  // Host imports: decode NaN-boxed args for JS and wrap JS returns back into jz
+  // values. Args/return ride i64 across the boundary (Step 2c) so V8 cannot
+  // canonicalize the NaN payload — convert BigInt↔f64 via reinterpret bits.
   if (opts.imports) for (const [modName, fns] of Object.entries(opts.imports)) {
     if (!imports[modName]) imports[modName] = {}
     for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(fns)) {
@@ -477,33 +650,49 @@ export const instantiate = (compile, code, opts = {}) => {
       const fn = typeof spec === 'function' ? spec : (spec && typeof spec === 'object' ? spec.fn : null)
       if (typeof fn === 'function')
         imports[modName][name] = (...args) => {
-          const ret = fn.call(fns, ...args.map(a => mem ? mem.read(a) : a))
-          return mem ? mem.wrapVal(ret) : coerce(ret)
+          // i64 carrier: reinterpret BigInt bits → f64 NaN-box. Pure-scalar modules
+          // have no memory so skip mem.read; the f64 IS the JS number for numerics.
+          const decoded = args.map(a => {
+            const f = typeof a === 'bigint' ? i64ToF64(a) : a
+            return state.mem ? state.mem.read(f) : decode(f)
+          })
+          const ret = fn.call(fns, ...decoded)
+          return f64ToI64(state.mem ? state.mem.wrapVal(ret) : coerce(ret))
         }
     }
   }
-  // Shared memory: normalize (auto-wrap raw Memory), pass as import
-  if (opts.memory) {
+
+  installDefaultEnvImports(mod, imports, state)
+  // Shared memory: normalize (auto-wrap raw Memory), pass as import.
+  // Numeric opts.memory is a compile-time page count shorthand, not an import.
+  if (opts.memory instanceof WebAssembly.Memory) {
     // Auto-wrap raw WebAssembly.Memory → enhanced jz.memory
-    if (opts.memory instanceof WebAssembly.Memory && !_enhanced.has(opts.memory)) opts.memory = memory(opts.memory)
+    if (!_enhanced.has(opts.memory)) opts.memory = memory(opts.memory)
     if (!imports.env) imports.env = {}
-    imports.env.memory = opts.memory instanceof WebAssembly.Memory ? opts.memory : opts.memory
+    imports.env.memory = opts.memory
   }
-  // Auto-imported host globals: provide as WebAssembly.Global wrapping NaN-boxed external refs
+  // Auto-imported host globals: provide as WebAssembly.Global wrapping NaN-boxed
+  // external refs. Carrier is i64 so the NaN payload survives V8's boundary
+  // canonicalization — wasm side reinterprets to f64 (see asF64 in src/ir.js).
   for (const imp of WebAssembly.Module.imports(mod)) {
     if (imp.kind === 'global' && imp.module === 'env') {
       const host = globalThis[imp.name]
       if (host !== undefined) {
         if (!imports.env) imports.env = {}
-        let id = extMap.indexOf(host); if (id === -1) { id = extMap.length; extMap.push(host) }
-        imports.env[imp.name] = new WebAssembly.Global({ value: 'f64', mutable: true }, ptr(11, 0, id))
+        let id = state.extMap.indexOf(host); if (id === -1) { id = state.extMap.length; state.extMap.push(host) }
+        imports.env[imp.name] = new WebAssembly.Global({ value: 'i64', mutable: false }, f64ToI64(ptr(11, 0, id)))
       }
     }
   }
-  const hasImports = Object.keys(imports).some(k => k !== '_setMemory')
-  const inst = new WebAssembly.Instance(mod, hasImports ? imports : undefined)
+  return { imports, needsWasi }
+}
+
+const finishInstantiation = (mod, inst, imports, needsWasi, opts, state) => {
   if (needsWasi) imports._setMemory(inst.exports.memory)
 
+  // Trampoline used by env.setTimeout/clearTimeout to fire scheduled closures.
+  state.invoke = inst.exports.__invoke_closure || null
+
   // Drive WASM timer queue via JS scheduling (non-blocking)
   if (inst.exports.__timer_tick) {
     const tick = inst.exports.__timer_tick
@@ -515,10 +704,26 @@ export const instantiate = (compile, code, opts = {}) => {
     }, 1)
   }
 
-  // For shared memory, resolve memory from import; for own memory, from export
-  const rawMemory = opts.memory || inst.exports.memory
-  const memSrc = { module: mod, instance: inst, exports: { ...inst.exports, memory: rawMemory }, extMap }
+  // For shared memory, resolve memory from import; for own memory, from export.
+  const rawMemory = opts.memory instanceof WebAssembly.Memory ? opts.memory : inst.exports.memory
+  const memSrc = { module: mod, instance: inst, exports: { ...inst.exports, memory: rawMemory }, extMap: state.extMap }
   const enhanced = memory(memSrc)
-  mem = enhanced
+  state.mem = enhanced
+  state.flushPrint?.()
   return { exports: wrap(memSrc), memory: enhanced, instance: inst, module: mod }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Compile, instantiate, and wrap exports (with WASI + rest-param support).
+ * `compile` is the jz.compile function (injected to avoid importing the compiler core).
+ */
+export const instantiate = (compile, code, opts = {}) => {
+  const state = prepareInterop(opts)
+  const wasm = compile(code, opts)
+  opts.extMap = state.extMap
+  const mod = new WebAssembly.Module(wasm)
+  const { imports, needsWasi } = buildImports(mod, opts, state)
+  const hasImports = Object.keys(imports).some(k => k !== '_setMemory')
+  const inst = new WebAssembly.Instance(mod, hasImports ? imports : undefined)
+  return finishInstantiation(mod, inst, imports, needsWasi, opts, state)
+}