jz 0.0.0 → 0.1.0

package/module/string.js

@@ -0,0 +1,928 @@
+/**
+ * String module — literals, char access, and string methods.
+ *
+ * Type=4 (STRING): heap-allocated, length in header [-4:len].
+ * Type=5 (STRING_SSO): ≤4 ASCII chars packed in pointer offset (no memory).
+ *
+ * Methods use type-qualified keys (.string:slice) for array-colliding names,
+ * generic keys (.toUpperCase) for non-colliding ones.
+ *
+ * @module string
+ */
+
+import { emit, typed, asF64, asI32, UNDEF_NAN, mkPtrIR, temp, tempI32 } from '../src/compile.js'
+import { inc, PTR } from '../src/ctx.js'
+
+
+export default (ctx) => {
+  Object.assign(ctx.core.stdlibDeps, {
+    __str_concat: ['__to_str', '__str_byteLen', '__alloc', '__mkptr', '__str_copy'],
+    __str_concat_raw: ['__str_byteLen', '__alloc', '__mkptr', '__str_copy'],
+    __str_copy: [],
+    __str_slice: ['__str_byteLen', '__alloc'],
+    __str_indexof: ['__str_byteLen'],
+    __str_substring: ['__str_slice'],
+    __str_startswith: ['__str_byteLen'],
+    __str_endswith: ['__str_byteLen'],
+    __str_case: ['__str_byteLen', '__alloc'],
+    __str_trim: ['__str_slice', '__str_byteLen', '__char_at'],
+    __str_trimStart: ['__str_slice', '__str_byteLen', '__char_at'],
+    __str_trimEnd: ['__str_slice', '__str_byteLen', '__char_at'],
+    __str_repeat: ['__str_byteLen', '__str_copy', '__alloc'],
+    __str_replace: ['__str_indexof', '__str_slice', '__str_concat'],
+    __str_replaceall: ['__str_indexof', '__str_slice', '__str_concat'],
+    __str_split: ['__str_slice', '__str_byteLen', '__char_at', '__alloc'],
+    __str_idx: ['__str_byteLen', '__char_at', '__mkptr'],
+    __str_eq: ['__char_at'],
+    __str_pad: ['__str_byteLen', '__str_copy', '__alloc'],
+    __str_join: ['__str_concat', '__to_str', '__str_byteLen', '__len', '__ptr_offset'],
+    __str_encode: ['__str_byteLen', '__str_copy'],
+    __to_str: ['__ftoa', '__static_str', '__str_join', '__mkptr'],
+    __str_byteLen: ['__ptr_type', '__ptr_aux', '__str_len'],
+  })
+
+  inc('__mkptr', '__alloc')
+
+  // === String literal: "abc" → SSO if ≤4 ASCII, else heap ===
+
+  ctx.core.emit['str'] = (str) => {
+    const MAX_SSO = 4
+    if (ctx.features.sso && str.length <= MAX_SSO && /^[\x00-\x7f]*$/.test(str)) {
+      let packed = 0
+      for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) packed |= str.charCodeAt(i) << (i * 8)
+      return mkPtrIR(PTR.SSO, str.length, packed)
+    }
+    const len = str.length
+    if (!ctx.memory.shared) {
+      // Own memory: place in static data segment (no runtime allocation)
+      if (!ctx.runtime.data) ctx.runtime.data = ''
+      const prior = ctx.runtime.dataDedup.get(str)
+      if (prior !== undefined) return mkPtrIR(PTR.STRING, 0, prior + 4)
+      while (ctx.runtime.data.length % 4 !== 0) ctx.runtime.data += '\0'
+      const offset = ctx.runtime.data.length
+      ctx.runtime.data += String.fromCharCode(len & 0xFF, (len >> 8) & 0xFF, (len >> 16) & 0xFF, (len >> 24) & 0xFF)
+      for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) ctx.runtime.data += String.fromCharCode(str.charCodeAt(i))
+      ctx.runtime.dataDedup.set(str, offset)
+      return mkPtrIR(PTR.STRING, 0, offset + 4)
+    }
+    // Shared memory: pack all string literals into one passive data segment with 4-byte
+    // length prefixes. At __start, alloc the whole pool once and memory.init it in a single
+    // call. Each use site resolves to `strBase + compile-time-offset` — O(1) IR nodes per
+    // use, independent of string length AND reused across uses.
+    if (!ctx.runtime.strPool) {
+      ctx.runtime.strPool = ''
+      ctx.scope.globals.set('__strBase', '(global $__strBase (mut i32) (i32.const 0))')
+    }
+    let off = ctx.runtime.strPoolDedup.get(str)
+    if (off === undefined) {
+      // Pack length header then bytes; offset points PAST the length (at the data).
+      ctx.runtime.strPool += String.fromCharCode(len & 0xFF, (len >> 8) & 0xFF, (len >> 16) & 0xFF, (len >> 24) & 0xFF)
+      off = ctx.runtime.strPool.length
+      ctx.runtime.strPool += str
+      ctx.runtime.strPoolDedup.set(str, off)
+    }
+    return mkPtrIR(PTR.STRING, 0, ['i32.add', ['global.get', '$__strBase'], ['i32.const', off]])
+  }
+
+  // === WAT: char extraction ===
+
+  // SSO/STRING ptrs never have forwarding pointers (only ARRAY does), so we extract
+  // the raw offset directly instead of paying the __ptr_offset function-call overhead.
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__sso_char'] = `(func $__sso_char (param $ptr f64) (param $i i32) (result i32)
+    (i32.and
+      (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $ptr)) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF)))
+        (i32.mul (local.get $i) (i32.const 8)))
+      (i32.const 0xFF)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_char'] = `(func $__str_char (param $ptr f64) (param $i i32) (result i32)
+    (i32.load8_u (i32.add
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $ptr)) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF)))
+      (local.get $i))))`
+
+  // Hot (~37M calls in watr self-host). Type+offset extracted once from $bits;
+  // SSO/STRING bodies merged inline to skip 2 function calls per char fetch.
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__char_at'] = `(func $__char_at (param $ptr f64) (param $i i32) (result i32)
+    (local $bits i64) (local $off i32)
+    (local.set $bits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $ptr)))
+    (local.set $off (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $bits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (if (result i32)
+      (i32.eq
+        (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+        (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}))
+      (then
+        (i32.and
+          (i32.shr_u (local.get $off) (i32.mul (local.get $i) (i32.const 8)))
+          (i32.const 0xFF)))
+      (else
+        (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $i))))))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_idx'] = `(func $__str_idx (param $ptr f64) (param $i i32) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (if (result f64)
+      (i32.or
+        (i32.lt_s (local.get $i) (i32.const 0))
+        (i32.ge_u (local.get $i) (local.get $len)))
+      (then (f64.const nan:${UNDEF_NAN}))
+      (else
+        (call $__mkptr
+          (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})
+          (i32.const 1)
+          (call $__char_at (local.get $ptr) (local.get $i))))))`
+
+  // Hot: ~53M calls in watr self-host. Bit-eq covers identity. SSO/SSO with !bit-eq
+  // guarantees content differs (high 32 bits encode type+len; both equal → low 32 differs
+  // ⇒ bytes differ). STRING/STRING uses raw load8_u — no per-byte function calls.
+  // Mixed SSO×STRING is rare; falls back to __char_at.
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_eq'] = `(func $__str_eq (param $a f64) (param $b f64) (result i32)
+    (local $len i32) (local $lenB i32) (local $i i32)
+    (local $ba i64) (local $bb i64) (local $ta i32) (local $tb i32)
+    (local $offA i32) (local $offB i32)
+    (local.set $ba (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $a)))
+    (local.set $bb (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $b)))
+    (if (i64.eq (local.get $ba) (local.get $bb))
+      (then (return (i32.const 1))))
+    (local.set $ta (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $ba) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF))))
+    (local.set $tb (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bb) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF))))
+    (local.set $offA (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $ba) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $offB (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $bb) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    ;; Both SSO with !bit-eq ⇒ content differs (high 32 bits hold type+len; both equal here).
+    (if (i32.and (i32.eq (local.get $ta) (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})) (i32.eq (local.get $tb) (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+      (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+    ;; Both STRING fast path: inline len from header. Chunk by 4 bytes via unaligned i32.load
+    ;; (wasm guarantees unaligned-OK), then byte-tail. Most string comparisons fail early on
+    ;; the first 4-byte word, so this collapses the per-byte branch overhead into a single
+    ;; 32-bit equality.
+    (if (i32.and (i32.eq (local.get $ta) (i32.const ${PTR.STRING})) (i32.eq (local.get $tb) (i32.const ${PTR.STRING})))
+      (then
+        (if (i32.or (i32.lt_u (local.get $offA) (i32.const 4)) (i32.lt_u (local.get $offB) (i32.const 4)))
+          (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+        (local.set $len (i32.load (i32.sub (local.get $offA) (i32.const 4))))
+        (local.set $lenB (i32.load (i32.sub (local.get $offB) (i32.const 4))))
+        (if (i32.ne (local.get $len) (local.get $lenB))
+          (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+        (local.set $lenB (i32.and (local.get $len) (i32.const -4)))
+        (block $d4 (loop $l4
+          (br_if $d4 (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $lenB)))
+          (if (i32.ne
+                (i32.load (i32.add (local.get $offA) (local.get $i)))
+                (i32.load (i32.add (local.get $offB) (local.get $i))))
+            (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+          (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 4)))
+          (br $l4)))
+        (block $dh (loop $lh
+          (br_if $dh (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $len)))
+          (if (i32.ne
+                (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $offA) (local.get $i)))
+                (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $offB) (local.get $i))))
+            (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+          (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+          (br $lh)))
+        (return (i32.const 1))))
+    ;; Mixed (SSO×STRING) or anything else: compute len per side then per-byte via __char_at.
+    (if (i32.eq (local.get $ta) (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}))
+      (then (local.set $len (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $ba) (i64.const 32)) (i64.const 0x7FFF)))))
+      (else
+        (if (i32.and (i32.eq (local.get $ta) (i32.const ${PTR.STRING})) (i32.ge_u (local.get $offA) (i32.const 4)))
+          (then (local.set $len (i32.load (i32.sub (local.get $offA) (i32.const 4))))))))
+    (if (i32.eq (local.get $tb) (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}))
+      (then (local.set $lenB (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bb) (i64.const 32)) (i64.const 0x7FFF)))))
+      (else
+        (if (i32.and (i32.eq (local.get $tb) (i32.const ${PTR.STRING})) (i32.ge_u (local.get $offB) (i32.const 4)))
+          (then (local.set $lenB (i32.load (i32.sub (local.get $offB) (i32.const 4))))))))
+    (if (i32.ne (local.get $len) (local.get $lenB))
+      (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+    (block $dm (loop $lm
+      (br_if $dm (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $len)))
+      (if (i32.ne (call $__char_at (local.get $a) (local.get $i))
+                  (call $__char_at (local.get $b) (local.get $i)))
+        (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $lm)))
+    (i32.const 1))`
+
+  // === WAT: unified byte length (SSO → aux, heap → header) ===
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_byteLen'] = `(func $__str_byteLen (param $ptr f64) (result i32)
+    (local $bits i64) (local $t i32) (local $off i32)
+    (local.set $bits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $ptr)))
+    (local.set $t (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF))))
+    (if (result i32) (i32.eq (local.get $t) (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}))
+      (then (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bits) (i64.const 32)) (i64.const 0x7FFF))))
+      (else
+        (local.set $off (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $bits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+        (if (result i32)
+          (i32.and (i32.eq (local.get $t) (i32.const ${PTR.STRING})) (i32.ge_u (local.get $off) (i32.const 4)))
+          (then (i32.load (i32.sub (local.get $off) (i32.const 4))))
+          (else (i32.const 0))))))`
+
+  // === WAT: string methods ===
+
+  // SSO source uses an unrolled byte-extract loop (len ≤ 4); heap source uses memory.copy
+  // (single bulk op instead of nlen × __char_at).
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_slice'] = `(func $__str_slice (param $ptr f64) (param $start i32) (param $end i32) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $nlen i32) (local $off i32) (local $i i32)
+    (local $bits i64) (local $srcOff i32) (local $isSso i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (if (i32.lt_s (local.get $start) (i32.const 0))
+      (then (local.set $start (i32.add (local.get $len) (local.get $start)))))
+    (if (i32.lt_s (local.get $end) (i32.const 0))
+      (then (local.set $end (i32.add (local.get $len) (local.get $end)))))
+    (if (i32.lt_s (local.get $start) (i32.const 0))
+      (then (local.set $start (i32.const 0))))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $start) (local.get $len))
+      (then (local.set $start (local.get $len))))
+    (if (i32.lt_s (local.get $end) (i32.const 0))
+      (then (local.set $end (i32.const 0))))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $end) (local.get $len))
+      (then (local.set $end (local.get $len))))
+    (if (i32.ge_s (local.get $start) (local.get $end))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 0) (i32.const 0)))))
+    (local.set $nlen (i32.sub (local.get $end) (local.get $start)))
+    (local.set $off (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 4) (local.get $nlen))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $off) (local.get $nlen))
+    (local.set $off (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.const 4)))
+    (local.set $bits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $ptr)))
+    (local.set $srcOff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $bits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $isSso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (if (local.get $isSso)
+      (then
+        (block $done (loop $loop
+          (br_if $done (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $nlen)))
+          (i32.store8 (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $i))
+            (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $srcOff)
+              (i32.shl (i32.add (local.get $start) (local.get $i)) (i32.const 3)))
+              (i32.const 0xFF)))
+          (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+          (br $loop))))
+      (else
+        (memory.copy (local.get $off) (i32.add (local.get $srcOff) (local.get $start)) (local.get $nlen))))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.STRING}) (i32.const 0) (local.get $off)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_substring'] = `(func $__str_substring (param $ptr f64) (param $start i32) (param $end i32) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $tmp i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (if (i32.lt_s (local.get $start) (i32.const 0))
+      (then (local.set $start (i32.const 0))))
+    (if (i32.lt_s (local.get $end) (i32.const 0))
+      (then (local.set $end (i32.const 0))))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $start) (local.get $len))
+      (then (local.set $start (local.get $len))))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $end) (local.get $len))
+      (then (local.set $end (local.get $len))))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $start) (local.get $end))
+      (then
+        (local.set $tmp (local.get $start))
+        (local.set $start (local.get $end))
+        (local.set $end (local.get $tmp))))
+    (call $__str_slice (local.get $ptr) (local.get $start) (local.get $end)))`
+
+  // Hoist SSO/heap dispatch for hay and ndl out of the inner byte loop. Inner
+  // loop becomes (load8_u OR sso byte-extract) per side — no per-byte calls.
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_indexof'] = `(func $__str_indexof (param $hay f64) (param $ndl f64) (param $from i32) (result i32)
+    (local $hlen i32) (local $nlen i32) (local $i i32) (local $j i32) (local $match i32)
+    (local $hbits i64) (local $nbits i64) (local $hoff i32) (local $noff i32)
+    (local $hsso i32) (local $nsso i32) (local $hb i32) (local $nb i32) (local $k i32)
+    (local.set $hlen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $hay)))
+    (local.set $nlen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ndl)))
+    (if (i32.eqz (local.get $nlen)) (then (return (local.get $from))))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $nlen) (local.get $hlen)) (then (return (i32.const -1))))
+    (local.set $hbits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $hay)))
+    (local.set $nbits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $ndl)))
+    (local.set $hoff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $hbits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $noff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $nbits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $hsso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $hbits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (local.set $nsso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $nbits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (local.set $i (if (result i32) (i32.gt_s (local.get $from) (i32.const 0)) (then (local.get $from)) (else (i32.const 0))))
+    (block $done (loop $outer
+      (br_if $done (i32.gt_s (local.get $i) (i32.sub (local.get $hlen) (local.get $nlen))))
+      (local.set $match (i32.const 1))
+      (local.set $j (i32.const 0))
+      (block $nomatch (loop $inner
+        (br_if $nomatch (i32.ge_s (local.get $j) (local.get $nlen)))
+        (local.set $k (i32.add (local.get $i) (local.get $j)))
+        (local.set $hb (if (result i32) (local.get $hsso)
+          (then (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $hoff) (i32.shl (local.get $k) (i32.const 3))) (i32.const 0xFF)))
+          (else (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $hoff) (local.get $k))))))
+        (local.set $nb (if (result i32) (local.get $nsso)
+          (then (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $noff) (i32.shl (local.get $j) (i32.const 3))) (i32.const 0xFF)))
+          (else (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $noff) (local.get $j))))))
+        (if (i32.ne (local.get $hb) (local.get $nb))
+          (then (local.set $match (i32.const 0)) (br $nomatch)))
+        (local.set $j (i32.add (local.get $j) (i32.const 1)))
+        (br $inner)))
+      (if (local.get $match) (then (return (local.get $i))))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $outer)))
+    (i32.const -1))`
+
+  // SSO/heap dispatch hoisted; inner loop is two inlined byte-fetches and a compare.
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_startswith'] = `(func $__str_startswith (param $str f64) (param $pfx f64) (result i32)
+    (local $plen i32) (local $i i32)
+    (local $sbits i64) (local $pbits i64) (local $soff i32) (local $poff i32) (local $ssso i32) (local $psso i32)
+    (local.set $plen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $pfx)))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $plen) (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $str)))
+      (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+    (local.set $sbits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $str)))
+    (local.set $pbits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $pfx)))
+    (local.set $soff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $sbits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $poff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $pbits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $ssso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $sbits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (local.set $psso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $pbits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (block $done (loop $loop
+      (br_if $done (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $plen)))
+      (if (i32.ne
+            (if (result i32) (local.get $ssso)
+              (then (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $soff) (i32.shl (local.get $i) (i32.const 3))) (i32.const 0xFF)))
+              (else (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $soff) (local.get $i)))))
+            (if (result i32) (local.get $psso)
+              (then (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $poff) (i32.shl (local.get $i) (i32.const 3))) (i32.const 0xFF)))
+              (else (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $poff) (local.get $i))))))
+        (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $loop)))
+    (i32.const 1))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_endswith'] = `(func $__str_endswith (param $str f64) (param $sfx f64) (result i32)
+    (local $slen i32) (local $flen i32) (local $off i32) (local $i i32) (local $k i32)
+    (local $sbits i64) (local $fbits i64) (local $soff i32) (local $foff i32) (local $ssso i32) (local $fsso i32)
+    (local.set $slen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $str)))
+    (local.set $flen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $sfx)))
+    (if (i32.gt_s (local.get $flen) (local.get $slen))
+      (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+    (local.set $off (i32.sub (local.get $slen) (local.get $flen)))
+    (local.set $sbits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $str)))
+    (local.set $fbits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $sfx)))
+    (local.set $soff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $sbits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $foff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $fbits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $ssso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $sbits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (local.set $fsso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $fbits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (block $done (loop $loop
+      (br_if $done (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $flen)))
+      (local.set $k (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $i)))
+      (if (i32.ne
+            (if (result i32) (local.get $ssso)
+              (then (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $soff) (i32.shl (local.get $k) (i32.const 3))) (i32.const 0xFF)))
+              (else (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $soff) (local.get $k)))))
+            (if (result i32) (local.get $fsso)
+              (then (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $foff) (i32.shl (local.get $i) (i32.const 3))) (i32.const 0xFF)))
+              (else (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $foff) (local.get $i))))))
+        (then (return (i32.const 0))))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $loop)))
+    (i32.const 1))`
+
+  // Source SSO/heap dispatch hoisted out of the byte loop (was a per-byte __char_at).
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_case'] = `(func $__str_case (param $ptr f64) (param $lo i32) (param $hi i32) (param $delta i32) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $off i32) (local $i i32) (local $c i32)
+    (local $bits i64) (local $srcOff i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (if (i32.eqz (local.get $len))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 0) (i32.const 0)))))
+    (local.set $off (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 4) (local.get $len))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $off) (local.get $len))
+    (local.set $off (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.const 4)))
+    (local.set $bits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $ptr)))
+    (local.set $srcOff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $bits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (if (i32.eq
+          (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+          (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}))
+      (then
+        (block $dsso (loop $lsso
+          (br_if $dsso (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $len)))
+          (local.set $c (i32.and
+            (i32.shr_u (local.get $srcOff) (i32.shl (local.get $i) (i32.const 3)))
+            (i32.const 0xFF)))
+          (if (i32.and (i32.ge_u (local.get $c) (local.get $lo)) (i32.le_u (local.get $c) (local.get $hi)))
+            (then (local.set $c (i32.add (local.get $c) (local.get $delta)))))
+          (i32.store8 (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $i)) (local.get $c))
+          (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+          (br $lsso))))
+      (else
+        (block $dh (loop $lh
+          (br_if $dh (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $len)))
+          (local.set $c (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $srcOff) (local.get $i))))
+          (if (i32.and (i32.ge_u (local.get $c) (local.get $lo)) (i32.le_u (local.get $c) (local.get $hi)))
+            (then (local.set $c (i32.add (local.get $c) (local.get $delta)))))
+          (i32.store8 (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $i)) (local.get $c))
+          (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+          (br $lh)))))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.STRING}) (i32.const 0) (local.get $off)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_trim'] = `(func $__str_trim (param $ptr f64) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $start i32) (local $end i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (local.set $start (i32.const 0))
+    (local.set $end (local.get $len))
+    (block $d1 (loop $l1
+      (br_if $d1 (i32.ge_s (local.get $start) (local.get $end)))
+      (br_if $d1 (i32.gt_u (call $__char_at (local.get $ptr) (local.get $start)) (i32.const 32)))
+      (local.set $start (i32.add (local.get $start) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $l1)))
+    (block $d2 (loop $l2
+      (br_if $d2 (i32.le_s (local.get $end) (local.get $start)))
+      (br_if $d2 (i32.gt_u (call $__char_at (local.get $ptr) (i32.sub (local.get $end) (i32.const 1))) (i32.const 32)))
+      (local.set $end (i32.sub (local.get $end) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $l2)))
+    (call $__str_slice (local.get $ptr) (local.get $start) (local.get $end)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_trimStart'] = `(func $__str_trimStart (param $ptr f64) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $start i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (local.set $start (i32.const 0))
+    (block $done (loop $loop
+      (br_if $done (i32.ge_s (local.get $start) (local.get $len)))
+      (br_if $done (i32.gt_u (call $__char_at (local.get $ptr) (local.get $start)) (i32.const 32)))
+      (local.set $start (i32.add (local.get $start) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $loop)))
+    (call $__str_slice (local.get $ptr) (local.get $start) (local.get $len)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_trimEnd'] = `(func $__str_trimEnd (param $ptr f64) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $end i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (local.set $end (local.get $len))
+    (block $done (loop $loop
+      (br_if $done (i32.le_s (local.get $end) (i32.const 0)))
+      (br_if $done (i32.gt_u (call $__char_at (local.get $ptr) (i32.sub (local.get $end) (i32.const 1))) (i32.const 32)))
+      (local.set $end (i32.sub (local.get $end) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $loop)))
+    (call $__str_slice (local.get $ptr) (i32.const 0) (local.get $end)))`
+
+  // Materialize source bytes once via __str_copy (handles SSO/heap), then memory.copy
+  // each subsequent repetition (single bulk op vs len byte stores per copy).
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_repeat'] = `(func $__str_repeat (param $ptr f64) (param $n i32) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $total i32) (local $off i32) (local $i i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $ptr)))
+    (if (i32.or (i32.eqz (local.get $n)) (i32.eqz (local.get $len)))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 0) (i32.const 0)))))
+    (local.set $total (i32.mul (local.get $len) (local.get $n)))
+    (local.set $off (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 4) (local.get $total))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $off) (local.get $total))
+    (local.set $off (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.const 4)))
+    (call $__str_copy (local.get $ptr) (local.get $off) (local.get $len))
+    (local.set $i (i32.const 1))
+    (block $done (loop $loop
+      (br_if $done (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $n)))
+      (memory.copy
+        (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.mul (local.get $i) (local.get $len)))
+        (local.get $off)
+        (local.get $len))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $loop)))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.STRING}) (i32.const 0) (local.get $off)))`
+
+  // Coerce value to string: numbers → __ftoa, plain NaN → "NaN", arrays → join(","), other pointers pass through
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__to_str'] = `(func $__to_str (param $val f64) (result f64)
+    (local $type i32)
+    ;; Not NaN → number, convert
+    (if (f64.eq (local.get $val) (local.get $val))
+      (then (return (call $__ftoa (local.get $val) (i32.const 0) (i32.const 0)))))
+    (local.set $type (call $__ptr_type (local.get $val)))
+    ;; Plain NaN (type=0) → "NaN" string
+    (if (i32.eqz (local.get $type))
+      (then (return (call $__static_str (i32.const 0)))))
+    ;; Array (type=1) → join(",") like JS Array.toString()
+    (if (i32.eq (local.get $type) (i32.const ${PTR.ARRAY}))
+      (then (return (call $__str_join (local.get $val)
+        (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 1) (i32.const 44))))))
+    (local.get $val))`
+
+  // Copy bytes of a string (SSO or heap) into memory at dst. Uses memory.copy for
+  // heap strings (single native op); unpacks SSO aux-packed bytes inline.
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_copy'] = `(func $__str_copy (param $src f64) (param $dst i32) (param $len i32)
+    (local $bits i64) (local $w i32)
+    (local.set $bits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $src)))
+    (if (i32.eq
+          (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $bits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+          (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}))
+      (then
+        ;; SSO: up to 4 chars packed in low 32 bits (LE byte order). Unroll: write 1/2/3/4 bytes
+        ;; depending on len. (len > 4 is rare/disallowed in practice — fallback handles up to 4.)
+        (local.set $w (i32.wrap_i64 (local.get $bits)))
+        (if (i32.ge_u (local.get $len) (i32.const 4))
+          (then (i32.store (local.get $dst) (local.get $w)))
+          (else
+            (if (i32.eq (local.get $len) (i32.const 0)) (then (return)))
+            (i32.store8 (local.get $dst) (local.get $w))
+            (if (i32.eq (local.get $len) (i32.const 1)) (then (return)))
+            (i32.store8 offset=1 (local.get $dst) (i32.shr_u (local.get $w) (i32.const 8)))
+            (if (i32.eq (local.get $len) (i32.const 2)) (then (return)))
+            (i32.store8 offset=2 (local.get $dst) (i32.shr_u (local.get $w) (i32.const 16))))))
+      (else
+        ;; Heap STRING: memory.copy directly from string data
+        (memory.copy (local.get $dst)
+          (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $bits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF)))
+          (local.get $len)))))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_concat'] = `(func $__str_concat (param $a f64) (param $b f64) (result f64)
+    (local $alen i32) (local $blen i32) (local $total i32) (local $off i32)
+    ;; Coerce operands to strings if needed
+    (local.set $a (call $__to_str (local.get $a)))
+    (local.set $b (call $__to_str (local.get $b)))
+    (local.set $alen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $a)))
+    (local.set $blen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $b)))
+    (local.set $total (i32.add (local.get $alen) (local.get $blen)))
+    (if (i32.eqz (local.get $total))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 0) (i32.const 0)))))
+    (local.set $off (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 4) (local.get $total))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $off) (local.get $total))
+    (local.set $off (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.const 4)))
+    (call $__str_copy (local.get $a) (local.get $off) (local.get $alen))
+    (call $__str_copy (local.get $b) (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $alen)) (local.get $blen))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.STRING}) (i32.const 0) (local.get $off)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_concat_raw'] = `(func $__str_concat_raw (param $a f64) (param $b f64) (result f64)
+    (local $alen i32) (local $blen i32) (local $total i32) (local $off i32)
+    (local.set $alen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $a)))
+    (local.set $blen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $b)))
+    (local.set $total (i32.add (local.get $alen) (local.get $blen)))
+    (if (i32.eqz (local.get $total))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 0) (i32.const 0)))))
+    (local.set $off (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 4) (local.get $total))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $off) (local.get $total))
+    (local.set $off (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.const 4)))
+    (call $__str_copy (local.get $a) (local.get $off) (local.get $alen))
+    (call $__str_copy (local.get $b) (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $alen)) (local.get $blen))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.STRING}) (i32.const 0) (local.get $off)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_replace'] = `(func $__str_replace (param $str f64) (param $search f64) (param $repl f64) (result f64)
+    (local $idx i32) (local $slen i32)
+    (local.set $idx (call $__str_indexof (local.get $str) (local.get $search) (i32.const 0)))
+    (if (result f64) (i32.lt_s (local.get $idx) (i32.const 0))
+      (then (local.get $str))
+      (else
+        (local.set $slen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $search)))
+        (call $__str_concat
+          (call $__str_concat
+            (call $__str_slice (local.get $str) (i32.const 0) (local.get $idx))
+            (local.get $repl))
+          (call $__str_slice (local.get $str) (i32.add (local.get $idx) (local.get $slen))
+            (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $str)))))))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_replaceall'] = `(func $__str_replaceall (param $str f64) (param $search f64) (param $repl f64) (result f64)
+    (local $idx i32) (local $slen i32) (local $pos i32) (local $result f64)
+    (local.set $slen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $search)))
+    (local.set $result (local.get $str))
+    (local.set $pos (i32.const 0))
+    (block $done (loop $next
+      (local.set $idx (call $__str_indexof (local.get $result) (local.get $search) (local.get $pos)))
+      (br_if $done (i32.lt_s (local.get $idx) (i32.const 0)))
+      (local.set $result (call $__str_concat
+        (call $__str_concat
+          (call $__str_slice (local.get $result) (i32.const 0) (local.get $idx))
+          (local.get $repl))
+        (call $__str_slice (local.get $result) (i32.add (local.get $idx) (local.get $slen))
+          (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $result)))))
+      (local.set $pos (i32.add (local.get $idx) (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $repl))))
+      (br $next)))
+    (local.get $result))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_split'] = `(func $__str_split (param $str f64) (param $sep f64) (result f64)
+    (local $slen i32) (local $plen i32) (local $count i32)
+    (local $i i32) (local $j i32) (local $match i32)
+    (local $arr i32) (local $piece_start i32) (local $piece_idx i32)
+    (local.set $slen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $str)))
+    (local.set $plen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $sep)))
+    (local.set $count (i32.const 1))
+    (local.set $i (i32.const 0))
+    (block $d1 (loop $l1
+      (br_if $d1 (i32.gt_s (local.get $i) (i32.sub (local.get $slen) (local.get $plen))))
+      (local.set $match (i32.const 1))
+      (local.set $j (i32.const 0))
+      (block $n1 (loop $c1
+        (br_if $n1 (i32.ge_s (local.get $j) (local.get $plen)))
+        (if (i32.ne (call $__char_at (local.get $str) (i32.add (local.get $i) (local.get $j)))
+                    (call $__char_at (local.get $sep) (local.get $j)))
+          (then (local.set $match (i32.const 0)) (br $n1)))
+        (local.set $j (i32.add (local.get $j) (i32.const 1)))
+        (br $c1)))
+      (if (local.get $match) (then
+        (local.set $count (i32.add (local.get $count) (i32.const 1)))
+        (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (local.get $plen)))
+        (br $l1)))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $l1)))
+    (local.set $arr (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 8) (i32.shl (local.get $count) (i32.const 3)))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $arr) (local.get $count))
+    (i32.store (i32.add (local.get $arr) (i32.const 4)) (local.get $count))
+    (local.set $arr (i32.add (local.get $arr) (i32.const 8)))
+    (local.set $piece_start (i32.const 0))
+    (local.set $piece_idx (i32.const 0))
+    (local.set $i (i32.const 0))
+    (block $d2 (loop $l2
+      (br_if $d2 (i32.gt_s (local.get $i) (i32.sub (local.get $slen) (local.get $plen))))
+      (local.set $match (i32.const 1))
+      (local.set $j (i32.const 0))
+      (block $n2 (loop $c2
+        (br_if $n2 (i32.ge_s (local.get $j) (local.get $plen)))
+        (if (i32.ne (call $__char_at (local.get $str) (i32.add (local.get $i) (local.get $j)))
+                    (call $__char_at (local.get $sep) (local.get $j)))
+          (then (local.set $match (i32.const 0)) (br $n2)))
+        (local.set $j (i32.add (local.get $j) (i32.const 1)))
+        (br $c2)))
+      (if (local.get $match) (then
+        (f64.store (i32.add (local.get $arr) (i32.shl (local.get $piece_idx) (i32.const 3)))
+          (call $__str_slice (local.get $str) (local.get $piece_start) (local.get $i)))
+        (local.set $piece_idx (i32.add (local.get $piece_idx) (i32.const 1)))
+        (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (local.get $plen)))
+        (local.set $piece_start (local.get $i))
+        (br $l2)))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $l2)))
+    (f64.store (i32.add (local.get $arr) (i32.shl (local.get $piece_idx) (i32.const 3)))
+      (call $__str_slice (local.get $str) (local.get $piece_start) (local.get $slen)))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const 1) (i32.const 0) (local.get $arr)))`
+
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_join'] = `(func $__str_join (param $arr f64) (param $sep f64) (result f64)
+    (local $off i32) (local $len i32) (local $i i32) (local $result f64)
+    (local.set $off (call $__ptr_offset (local.get $arr)))
+    (local.set $len (call $__len (local.get $arr)))
+    (if (i32.eqz (local.get $len))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 0) (i32.const 0)))))
+    (local.set $result (f64.load (local.get $off)))
+    (local.set $i (i32.const 1))
+    (block $done (loop $loop
+      (br_if $done (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $len)))
+      (local.set $result (call $__str_concat (local.get $result) (local.get $sep)))
+      (local.set $result (call $__str_concat (local.get $result)
+        (f64.load (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.shl (local.get $i) (i32.const 3))))))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $loop)))
+    (local.get $result))`
+
+  // Source string copied via __str_copy (handles SSO/heap with memory.copy where possible).
+  // Pad fill loops a single tile of pad bytes — hoist pad dispatch out of the byte loop.
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_pad'] = `(func $__str_pad (param $str f64) (param $target i32) (param $pad f64) (param $before i32) (result f64)
+    (local $slen i32) (local $plen i32) (local $fill i32) (local $off i32) (local $i i32)
+    (local $str_off i32) (local $pad_off i32)
+    (local $pbits i64) (local $poff i32) (local $psso i32)
+    (local.set $slen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $str)))
+    (if (i32.ge_s (local.get $slen) (local.get $target))
+      (then (return (local.get $str))))
+    (local.set $plen (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $pad)))
+    (local.set $fill (i32.sub (local.get $target) (local.get $slen)))
+    (local.set $off (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 4) (local.get $target))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $off) (local.get $target))
+    (local.set $off (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.const 4)))
+    (local.set $str_off (select (local.get $fill) (i32.const 0) (local.get $before)))
+    (local.set $pad_off (select (i32.const 0) (local.get $slen) (local.get $before)))
+    (call $__str_copy (local.get $str) (i32.add (local.get $off) (local.get $str_off)) (local.get $slen))
+    (local.set $pbits (i64.reinterpret_f64 (local.get $pad)))
+    (local.set $poff (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (local.get $pbits) (i64.const 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+    (local.set $psso (i32.eq
+      (i32.wrap_i64 (i64.and (i64.shr_u (local.get $pbits) (i64.const 47)) (i64.const 0xF)))
+      (i32.const ${PTR.SSO})))
+    (block $d2 (loop $l2
+      (br_if $d2 (i32.ge_s (local.get $i) (local.get $fill)))
+      (i32.store8 (i32.add (local.get $off) (i32.add (local.get $pad_off) (local.get $i)))
+        (if (result i32) (local.get $psso)
+          (then (i32.and
+            (i32.shr_u (local.get $poff) (i32.shl (i32.rem_u (local.get $i) (local.get $plen)) (i32.const 3)))
+            (i32.const 0xFF)))
+          (else (i32.load8_u (i32.add (local.get $poff) (i32.rem_u (local.get $i) (local.get $plen)))))))
+      (local.set $i (i32.add (local.get $i) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br $l2)))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.STRING}) (i32.const 0) (local.get $off)))`
+
+  // Base helpers (__sso_char/__str_char/__char_at/__str_byteLen) are referenced
+  // from other helpers' WAT bodies and from emit sites; their `stdlibDeps`
+  // entries pull them transitively when actually used. No unconditional inc.
+
+  // === Method emitters ===
+
+  // Type-qualified (collide with array: slice, indexOf, includes)
+  ctx.core.emit['.string:slice'] = (str, start, end) => {
+    inc('__str_slice')
+    if (end != null) return typed(['call', '$__str_slice', asF64(emit(str)), asI32(emit(start)), asI32(emit(end))], 'f64')
+    const t = temp('t')
+    return typed(['block', ['result', 'f64'],
+      ['local.set', `$${t}`, asF64(emit(str))],
+      ['call', '$__str_slice', ['local.get', `$${t}`], asI32(emit(start)),
+        ['call', '$__str_byteLen', ['local.get', `$${t}`]]]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.string:indexOf'] = (str, search, from) => {
+    inc('__str_indexof')
+    return typed(['f64.convert_i32_s', ['call', '$__str_indexof', asF64(emit(str)), asF64(emit(search)), from ? asI32(emit(from)) : ['i32.const', 0]]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.string:includes'] = (str, search) => {
+    inc('__str_indexof')
+    return typed(['f64.convert_i32_s',
+      ['i32.ge_s', ['call', '$__str_indexof', asF64(emit(str)), asF64(emit(search)), ['i32.const', 0]], ['i32.const', 0]]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // Generic (no collision)
+  ctx.core.emit['.substring'] = (str, start, end) => {
+    inc('__str_substring')
+    if (end != null) return typed(['call', '$__str_substring', asF64(emit(str)), asI32(emit(start)), asI32(emit(end))], 'f64')
+    const t = temp('t')
+    return typed(['block', ['result', 'f64'],
+      ['local.set', `$${t}`, asF64(emit(str))],
+      ['call', '$__str_substring', ['local.get', `$${t}`], asI32(emit(start)),
+        ['call', '$__str_byteLen', ['local.get', `$${t}`]]]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // Factory for simple str→call patterns: [emitKey, stdlibName, argCoercions, i32Result?]
+  const coerce = { f: asF64, i: asI32 }
+  const strMethod = (name, args, i32Result) => (str, ...params) => {
+    inc(name)
+    const call = ['call', `$${name}`, asF64(emit(str)), ...params.map((p, i) => coerce[args[i]](emit(p)))]
+    return typed(i32Result ? ['f64.convert_i32_s', call] : call, 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // Simple str methods: [emitKey, stdlibName, argCoercions, i32Result?]
+  ctx.core.emit['.startsWith'] = strMethod('__str_startswith', ['f'], true)
+  ctx.core.emit['.endsWith'] = strMethod('__str_endswith', ['f'], true)
+  ctx.core.emit['.trim'] = strMethod('__str_trim', [])
+  ctx.core.emit['.trimStart'] = strMethod('__str_trimStart', [])
+  ctx.core.emit['.trimEnd'] = strMethod('__str_trimEnd', [])
+  ctx.core.emit['.repeat'] = strMethod('__str_repeat', ['i'])
+  ctx.core.emit['.split'] = strMethod('__str_split', ['f'])
+  ctx.core.emit['.replace'] = strMethod('__str_replace', ['f', 'f'])
+  ctx.core.emit['.replaceAll'] = strMethod('__str_replaceall', ['f', 'f'])
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.toUpperCase'] = (str) => {
+    inc('__str_case')
+    return typed(['call', '$__str_case', asF64(emit(str)), ['i32.const', 97], ['i32.const', 122], ['i32.const', -32]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.toLowerCase'] = (str) => {
+    inc('__str_case')
+    return typed(['call', '$__str_case', asF64(emit(str)), ['i32.const', 65], ['i32.const', 90], ['i32.const', 32]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.string:concat'] = (str, ...others) => {
+    inc('__str_concat')
+    let result = asF64(emit(str))
+    for (const other of others) result = typed(['call', '$__str_concat', result, asF64(emit(other))], 'f64')
+    return result
+  }
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.padStart'] = (str, len, pad) => {
+    inc('__str_pad')
+    const vpad = pad != null ? asF64(emit(pad)) : mkPtrIR(PTR.SSO, 1, 32)
+    return typed(['call', '$__str_pad', asF64(emit(str)), asI32(emit(len)), vpad, ['i32.const', 1]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.padEnd'] = (str, len, pad) => {
+    inc('__str_pad')
+    const vpad = pad != null ? asF64(emit(pad)) : mkPtrIR(PTR.SSO, 1, 32)
+    return typed(['call', '$__str_pad', asF64(emit(str)), asI32(emit(len)), vpad, ['i32.const', 0]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // .charAt(i) → 1-char string from char code at index i
+  ctx.core.emit['.charAt'] = (str, idx) => {
+    inc('__char_at')
+    const t = tempI32('ch')
+    // Get char code, create SSO string with 1 byte
+    return typed(['block', ['result', 'f64'],
+      ['local.set', `$${t}`, ['call', '$__char_at', asF64(emit(str)), asI32(emit(idx))]],
+      mkPtrIR(PTR.SSO, 1, ['local.get', `$${t}`])], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // .charCodeAt(i) → integer char code (0..255 for ASCII bytes — unsigned, always
+  // representable as i32). Returning i32 directly lets `let c = s.charCodeAt(i)`
+  // stay on the i32 ABI: chained comparisons (`c >= 48 && c <= 57`), bit-ops, and
+  // `c - 48` arithmetic skip the per-iteration f64 widen + i32 trunc round-trip.
+  ctx.core.emit['.charCodeAt'] = (str, idx) => {
+    inc('__char_at')
+    return typed(['call', '$__char_at', asF64(emit(str)), asI32(emit(idx))], 'i32')
+  }
+
+  // String.fromCharCode(code) → 1-char SSO string
+  ctx.core.emit['String.fromCharCode'] = (code) => mkPtrIR(PTR.SSO, 1, asI32(emit(code)))
+
+  // String.fromCodePoint(cp) → UTF-8 encoded string
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__fromCodePoint'] = `(func $__fromCodePoint (param $cp i32) (result f64)
+    (local $off i32) (local $len i32)
+    ;; ASCII: 1 byte SSO
+    (if (i32.lt_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 128))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 1) (local.get $cp)))))
+    ;; 2-byte: 0x80-0x7FF → SSO
+    (if (i32.lt_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 0x800))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 2)
+        (i32.or
+          (i32.or (i32.const 0xC0) (i32.shr_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 6)))
+          (i32.shl (i32.or (i32.const 0x80) (i32.and (local.get $cp) (i32.const 0x3F))) (i32.const 8)))))))
+    ;; 3-byte: 0x800-0xFFFF → SSO (3 bytes fits)
+    (if (i32.lt_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 0x10000))
+      (then (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 3)
+        (i32.or (i32.or
+          (i32.or (i32.const 0xE0) (i32.shr_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 12)))
+          (i32.shl (i32.or (i32.const 0x80) (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 6)) (i32.const 0x3F))) (i32.const 8)))
+          (i32.shl (i32.or (i32.const 0x80) (i32.and (local.get $cp) (i32.const 0x3F))) (i32.const 16)))))))
+    ;; 4-byte: 0x10000-0x10FFFF → SSO (4 bytes fits)
+    (return (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.SSO}) (i32.const 4)
+      (i32.or (i32.or (i32.or
+        (i32.or (i32.const 0xF0) (i32.shr_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 18)))
+        (i32.shl (i32.or (i32.const 0x80) (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 12)) (i32.const 0x3F))) (i32.const 8)))
+        (i32.shl (i32.or (i32.const 0x80) (i32.and (i32.shr_u (local.get $cp) (i32.const 6)) (i32.const 0x3F))) (i32.const 16)))
+        (i32.shl (i32.or (i32.const 0x80) (i32.and (local.get $cp) (i32.const 0x3F))) (i32.const 24))))))`
+
+  ctx.core.emit['String.fromCodePoint'] = (code) => {
+    inc('__fromCodePoint')
+    return typed(['call', '$__fromCodePoint', asI32(emit(code))], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // .at(i) → charAt with negative index support
+  ctx.core.emit['.at'] = (str, idx) => {
+    inc('__char_at', '__str_byteLen')
+    const t = tempI32('at'), s = temp('as')
+    return typed(['block', ['result', 'f64'],
+      ['local.set', `$${s}`, asF64(emit(str))],
+      ['local.set', `$${t}`, asI32(emit(idx))],
+      // Negative index: t += length
+      ['if', ['i32.lt_s', ['local.get', `$${t}`], ['i32.const', 0]],
+        ['then', ['local.set', `$${t}`, ['i32.add', ['local.get', `$${t}`],
+          ['call', '$__str_byteLen', ['local.get', `$${s}`]]]]]],
+      mkPtrIR(PTR.SSO, 1, ['call', '$__char_at', ['local.get', `$${s}`], ['local.get', `$${t}`]])], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // .search(str) → indexOf (same as indexOf for string args)
+  ctx.core.emit['.search'] = (str, search) => {
+    inc('__str_indexof')
+    return typed(['f64.convert_i32_s', ['call', '$__str_indexof', asF64(emit(str)), asF64(emit(search)), ['i32.const', 0]]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // .match(str) → [match] array if found, or 0 (null) if not
+  // For string args, returns single-element array with the matched substring
+  ctx.core.emit['.match'] = (str, search) => {
+    inc('__str_indexof', '__str_slice', '__wrap1')
+    const s = temp('ms'), q = temp('mq'), idx = tempI32('mi')
+    // indexOf, then if >= 0, create 1-element array with the match slice
+    return typed(['block', ['result', 'f64'],
+      ['local.set', `$${s}`, asF64(emit(str))],
+      ['local.set', `$${q}`, asF64(emit(search))],
+      ['local.set', `$${idx}`, ['call', '$__str_indexof', ['local.get', `$${s}`], ['local.get', `$${q}`], ['i32.const', 0]]],
+      ['if', ['result', 'f64'], ['i32.lt_s', ['local.get', `$${idx}`], ['i32.const', 0]],
+        ['then', ['f64.const', 0]],  // null
+        ['else',
+          // Build 1-element array containing the search string
+          ['call', '$__wrap1',
+            ['call', '$__str_slice', ['local.get', `$${s}`],
+              ['local.get', `$${idx}`],
+              ['i32.add', ['local.get', `$${idx}`], ['call', '$__str_byteLen', ['local.get', `$${q}`]]]]]]]], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // __wrap1(val: f64) → f64 — create 1-element array [val]
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__wrap1'] = `(func $__wrap1 (param $val f64) (result f64)
+    (local $ptr i32)
+    (local.set $ptr (call $__alloc (i32.const 16)))
+    (i32.store (local.get $ptr) (i32.const 1))
+    (i32.store (i32.add (local.get $ptr) (i32.const 4)) (i32.const 1))
+    (f64.store (i32.add (local.get $ptr) (i32.const 8)) (local.get $val))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const 1) (i32.const 0) (i32.add (local.get $ptr) (i32.const 8))))`
+
+  // TextEncoder() / TextDecoder() → dummy values (methods do the work)
+  ctx.core.emit['TextEncoder'] = () => typed(['f64.const', 1], 'f64')
+  ctx.core.emit['TextDecoder'] = () => typed(['f64.const', 2], 'f64')
+
+  // .encode(str) → Uint8Array of string's UTF-8 bytes
+  // Copies bytes from string (SSO or heap) into a new Uint8Array
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__str_encode'] = `(func $__str_encode (param $str f64) (result f64)
+    (local $len i32) (local $dst i32)
+    (local.set $len (call $__str_byteLen (local.get $str)))
+    (local.set $dst (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 8) (local.get $len))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $dst) (local.get $len))
+    (i32.store (i32.add (local.get $dst) (i32.const 4)) (local.get $len))
+    (local.set $dst (i32.add (local.get $dst) (i32.const 8)))
+    (call $__str_copy (local.get $str) (local.get $dst) (local.get $len))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const 3) (i32.const 1) (local.get $dst)))`
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.encode'] = (obj, str) => {
+    inc('__str_encode')
+    return typed(['call', '$__str_encode', asF64(emit(str))], 'f64')
+  }
+
+  // .decode(uint8arr) → string from byte data
+  ctx.core.stdlib['__bytes_decode'] = `(func $__bytes_decode (param $arr f64) (result f64)
+    (local $off i32) (local $len i32) (local $dst i32)
+    (local.set $off (call $__ptr_offset (local.get $arr)))
+    (local.set $len (call $__len (local.get $arr)))
+    (local.set $dst (call $__alloc (i32.add (i32.const 4) (local.get $len))))
+    (i32.store (local.get $dst) (local.get $len))
+    (local.set $dst (i32.add (local.get $dst) (i32.const 4)))
+    (memory.copy (local.get $dst) (local.get $off) (local.get $len))
+    (call $__mkptr (i32.const ${PTR.STRING}) (i32.const 0) (local.get $dst)))`
+
+  ctx.core.emit['.decode'] = (obj, arr) => {
+    inc('__bytes_decode')
+    return typed(['call', '$__bytes_decode', asF64(emit(arr))], 'f64')
+  }
+}