jsbeeb 1.17.0 → 1.17.1

package/README.md

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ different peripherals.
 - [Keyboard Mappings](#keyboard-mappings)
 - [Remapping Keys](#remapping-keys)
 - [Emulator Shortcuts](#emulator-shortcuts)
+- [Printer Output](#printer-output)
 - [Save State and Rewind](#save-state-and-rewind)
 - [Getting Set Up to Run Locally](#getting-set-up-to-run-locally)
 - [Running as a Desktop Application](#running-as-a-desktop-application)
@@ -103,8 +104,15 @@ The definitive lists are `keyCodes` (host) and `BBC` (BBC micro) in [`src/utils.
 | `Ctrl+Home`    | Stop and enter debugger         |
 | `Ctrl+Insert`  | Toggle turbo (fast-as-possible) |
 | `Ctrl+End`     | Pause emulation                 |
+| `Ctrl+B`       | Open printer output window      |
 | `Alt+PageDown` | Open rewind scrubber            |
 
+### Printer Output
+
+Anything the machine prints is captured whether or not the printer window is open, so programs that print (with `VDU 2`, `*FX5,1` and the like) run rather than waiting for a printer that is not there.
+
+Press `Ctrl+B` to open a window showing what has been printed so far; it then keeps up with the output as it arrives. Only the most recent output is kept, roughly a dozen pages' worth, so a program printing forever cannot fill memory.
+
 ### Save State and Rewind
 
 Save and load full emulator state snapshots from the **State** menu (or `Ctrl+S` / `Ctrl+O` in the Electron app).

package/package.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "name": "jsbeeb",
   "description": "Emulate a BBC Micro",
   "repository": "git@github.com:mattgodbolt/jsbeeb.git",
-  "version": "1.17.0",
+  "version": "1.17.1",
   "//engines": "If you change the version of Node, it must also be updated at the top of the Dockerfile.",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=24.15.0"
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     "argparse": "^3.0.0",
     "bootstrap": "^5.3.8",
     "bootswatch": "^5.3.8",
+    "pako": "^3.0.1",
     "sharp": "^0.35.3",
     "smoothie": "^1.36.1"
   },

package/src/6502.js

@@ -1359,7 +1359,8 @@ export class Cpu6502 extends Base6502 {
     // Override in subclasses for different peripheral sets.
     // Only called on hard reset.
     resetPeripherals() {
-        if (this.config.printerPort) this.uservia.ca2changecallback = this.config.printerPort.outputStrobe;
+        if (this.config.printerPort)
+            this.uservia.ca2changecallback = (level, output) => this.config.printerPort.outputStrobe(level, output);
 
         this.sysvia.reset();
         this.uservia.reset();

package/src/bem-snapshot.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 "use strict";
-import { decompress } from "./utils.js";
+import { inflate } from "./utils.js";
 
 // B-em snapshot format parser (versions 1 and 3).
 // v1 (BEMSNAP1): Fixed-size 327,885 byte packed struct. Reference: beebjit state.c
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ async function parseBemTube(sections, tubeName) {
 
     // Those names come from a config file, so size is the real check. It cannot be exact: the
     // trailing ROM's size comes from that same config, and b-em records it as zero if unset.
-    const parasite = await decompress(sections["P"].data, "deflate");
+    const parasite = inflate(sections["P"].data);
     const romBytes = parasite.length - BemTubeRegisterBytes - BemTubeRamSize;
     if (romBytes < 0 || romBytes > BemTubeRamSize) {
         throw new Error(
@@ -449,9 +449,8 @@ async function parseBemV3(buffer) {
     let roms = null;
     const memSection = sections["M"];
     if (memSection) {
-        // Memory is zlib-compressed; decompression is async.
         // Decompressed layout: 2 bytes (fe30, fe34) + 64KB RAM + 256KB ROM
-        const memData = await decompress(memSection.data, "deflate");
+        const memData = inflate(memSection.data);
         cpuState.fe30 = memData[0];
         cpuState.fe34 = memData[1];
         const ramStart = 2;

package/src/cmos.js

@@ -33,6 +33,44 @@ function fromBcd(value) {
 
 export { defaultCmos };
 
+/**
+ * CMOS persistence backed by a browser storage object, which can be unavailable, full or holding
+ * something other than what was last saved.
+ *
+ * @param {function(): Storage} getStorage typically `() => window.localStorage`. Reading that
+ *   property is itself what throws when a page is refused storage, so it happens per call, inside
+ *   the try.
+ * @param {function(*)} onSaveFailure called with the error the first time a save fails
+ */
+export function localStoragePersistence(getStorage, onSaveFailure) {
+    let saveFailureReported = false;
+    return {
+        load() {
+            try {
+                const stored = getStorage().cmosRam;
+                if (!stored) return null;
+                const parsed = JSON.parse(stored);
+                if (!Array.isArray(parsed) || parsed.length !== defaultCmos.length)
+                    throw new Error(`the stored settings are not ${defaultCmos.length} bytes`);
+                return parsed;
+            } catch (error) {
+                console.log(`Unable to read the stored CMOS settings: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
+                return null;
+            }
+        },
+        save(data) {
+            try {
+                getStorage().cmosRam = JSON.stringify(data);
+            } catch (error) {
+                console.log(`Unable to store the CMOS settings: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
+                if (saveFailureReported) return;
+                saveFailureReported = true;
+                onSaveFailure(error);
+            }
+        },
+    };
+}
+
 export class Cmos {
     constructor(persistence, cmosOverride, econet) {
         this.store = persistence ? persistence.load() : null;

package/src/disc-hfe.js

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ export function loadHfe(disc, data, onChange) {
             const hfeData = toHfe(disc);
             // Call the onChange handler with the updated HFE data
             onChange(hfeData);
-        });
+        }, true);
     }
 
     return disc;

package/src/disc.js

@@ -720,6 +720,7 @@ export function loadSsd(disc, data, isDsd, onChange) {
                     if (!sectorShortfall(sector)) dataCopy.set(sector.sectorData, ssdOffsetOf(sector, side, numSides));
                 onChange(dataCopy);
             },
+            true,
         );
     }
     return disc;
@@ -905,6 +906,7 @@ export class Disc {
         this.is40Track = false;
 
         this._trackWriteListeners = new Set();
+        this._savingListeners = new Set();
         this.isWriteable = isWriteable;
 
         // Track which tracks have been written since the last snapshot.
@@ -931,14 +933,32 @@ export class Disc {
         this.initSurface(0);
     }
 
-    /** @param {function(boolean, Number, Track): void} listener called once per flushed track */
-    addTrackWriteListener(listener) {
+    /**
+     * @param {function(boolean, Number, Track): void} listener called once per flushed track
+     * @param {boolean} [savesChanges] whether the listener puts the image somewhere it is read back from
+     */
+    addTrackWriteListener(listener, savesChanges = false) {
         this._trackWriteListeners.add(listener);
+        if (savesChanges) this._savingListeners.add(listener);
+    }
+
+    get savesChanges() {
+        return this._savingListeners.size > 0;
     }
 
     /** @param {function(boolean, Number, Track): void} listener */
     removeTrackWriteListener(listener) {
         this._trackWriteListeners.delete(listener);
+        this._savingListeners.delete(listener);
+    }
+
+    /** @param {function(): void} listener called once, when a track is first written to this disc */
+    notifyOnFirstTrackWrite(listener) {
+        const onFirstWrite = () => {
+            this.removeTrackWriteListener(onFirstWrite);
+            listener();
+        };
+        this.addTrackWriteListener(onFirstWrite);
     }
 
     /**

package/src/fdc.js

@@ -289,7 +289,16 @@ export function discFor(fdc, name, stringData, onChange, layout = DiscLayout.aut
     return disc;
 }
 
-export function localDisc(fdc, name, layout = DiscLayout.auto) {
+/**
+ * Create or open a disc held in the browser's local storage.
+ * @param {Object} fdc - The FDC controller object
+ * @param {string} name - The file name with extension
+ * @param {string} [layout] - one of DiscLayout; by default the image is asked what it is
+ * @param {function(*): void} [onSaveError] - called with whatever was thrown, the first time a write
+ *   cannot be stored
+ * @returns {Disc} The loaded disc object
+ */
+export function localDisc(fdc, name, layout = DiscLayout.auto, onSaveError = () => {}) {
     const discName = "disc_" + name;
     let data;
     const dataString = window.localStorage[discName];
@@ -307,12 +316,16 @@ export function localDisc(fdc, name, layout = DiscLayout.auto) {
         console.log("Loading browser-local disc " + name);
         data = utils.stringToUint8Array(dataString);
     }
+    let reportedSaveError = false;
     const onChange = (data) => {
         try {
             const str = utils.uint8ArrayToString(data);
             window.localStorage.setItem(discName, str);
         } catch (e) {
-            window.alert("Writing to localStorage failed: " + e);
+            console.log(`Unable to save browser-local disc ${name}: ${e}`);
+            if (reportedSaveError) return;
+            reportedSaveError = true;
+            onSaveError(e);
         }
     };
     return discFor(fdc, name, data, onChange, layout);

package/src/google-drive.js

@@ -49,10 +49,11 @@ export class GoogleDriveLoader {
 
     _loadScript(src) {
         // https://github.com/google/google-api-javascript-client/issues/319
-        return new Promise((resolve) => {
+        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
             const script = document.createElement("script");
             script.src = src;
             script.onload = resolve;
+            script.onerror = () => reject(new Error(`Failed to fetch ${src}; a browser extension may be blocking it`));
             document.body.appendChild(script);
         });
     }

package/src/main.js

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { Debugger } from "./web/debug.js";
 import { Cpu6502, AtomCpu6502 } from "./6502.js";
 import * as utils_atom from "./utils_atom.js";
 import { LoadSD } from "./mmc.js";
-import { Cmos } from "./cmos.js";
+import { Cmos, localStoragePersistence } from "./cmos.js";
 import { StairwayToHell } from "./sth.js";
 import { BbcDiscArchive, describe as describeHfe } from "./bbcdiscs.js";
 import { GamePad } from "./gamepads.js";
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import { GamepadSource } from "./gamepad-source.js";
 import { toast } from "./web/toast.js";
 import { MicrophoneInput } from "./microphone-input.js";
 import { SpeechOutput } from "./speech-output.js";
+import { Printer } from "./printer.js";
 import { MouseJoystickSource } from "./mouse-joystick-source.js";
 import { calculateMouseCoordinates } from "./mouse-coordinates.js";
 import { getFilterForMode } from "./canvas.js";
@@ -208,19 +209,16 @@ if (parsedQuery.audiofilterq !== undefined) audioFilterQ = parsedQuery.audiofilt
 if (parsedQuery.stationId !== undefined) stationId = parsedQuery.stationId;
 if (parsedQuery.frameSkip !== undefined) frameSkip = parsedQuery.frameSkip;
 
-const printerPort = {
-    outputStrobe: function (level, output) {
-        if (!printerTextArea) return;
-        if (!output || level) return;
-
-        const uservia = processor.uservia;
-        // Ack the character by pulsing CA1 low.
-        uservia.setca1(false);
-        uservia.setca1(true);
-        const newChar = String.fromCharCode(uservia.ora);
-        printerTextArea.value += newChar;
+const printer = new Printer({
+    onOutput: (char) => {
+        if (printerTextArea) printerTextArea.value += char;
     },
-};
+    onFirstOutput: () =>
+        toast("Printer output is being kept. Press Ctrl-B to open the printer window.", {
+            title: "Printer",
+            quietKey: "quietPrinterOutput",
+        }),
+});
 
 // Accessibility switch state — bits 0-7 correspond to switches 1-8.
 // Active low: 0xff = no switches pressed; clearing a bit = that switch is pressed.
@@ -335,7 +333,7 @@ const emulationConfig = {
     // before any the user asked for with ?rom=.
     extraRoms: [...config.extraRoms, ...extraRoms],
     userPort,
-    printerPort,
+    printerPort: printer,
     getGamepads: function () {
         // Gamepads are only available in secure contexts. If e.g. loading from http:// urls they aren't there.
         return navigator.getGamepads ? navigator.getGamepads() : [];
@@ -433,10 +431,25 @@ function putDiscIn(driveIndex, loadedDisc) {
     const was = drive.tracksPerStep;
     processor.fdc.loadDisc(driveIndex, loadedDisc, fixed);
     showDriveTracks(driveIndex);
+    noteUnsavedWrites(loadedDisc);
     // A switch the user fixed does not move, so anything it does is not news.
     if (fixed === undefined && drive.tracksPerStep !== was) noteDriveTracks(driveIndex, loadedDisc.name);
 }
 
+let saidWritesAreNotKept = false;
+
+function noteUnsavedWrites(loadedDisc) {
+    if (loadedDisc.savesChanges || saidWritesAreNotKept) return;
+    loadedDisc.notifyOnFirstTrackWrite(() => {
+        if (saidWritesAreNotKept) return;
+        saidWritesAreNotKept = true;
+        toast(`Changes to ${loadedDisc.name} are not saved. Use Discs, Download to keep a copy.`, {
+            title: "Disc",
+            quietKey: "quietDiscNotSaved",
+        });
+    });
+}
+
 const tracksPerStepFor = (tracks) => (tracks === "40" ? 2 : 1);
 
 function showDriveTracks(driveIndex) {
@@ -725,17 +738,14 @@ if (config.hasEconet) {
 }
 
 const cmos = new Cmos(
-    {
-        load: function () {
-            if (window.localStorage.cmosRam) {
-                return JSON.parse(window.localStorage.cmosRam);
-            }
-            return null;
-        },
-        save: function (data) {
-            window.localStorage.cmosRam = JSON.stringify(data);
-        },
-    },
+    localStoragePersistence(
+        () => window.localStorage,
+        (error) =>
+            toast(
+                `Settings changed with *CONFIGURE will not be kept (${errorText(error)}). Check that this site is allowed to store data, and that its storage is not full.`,
+                { title: "Settings", quietKey: "quietCmosSave" },
+            ),
+    ),
     model.cmosOverride,
     econet,
 );
@@ -747,12 +757,17 @@ function checkPrinterWindow() {
     if (printerWindow && !printerWindow.closed) return;
 
     printerWindow = window.open("", "_blank", "height=300,width=400");
+    if (!printerWindow) {
+        toast("The printer output window was blocked. Allow pop-up windows for this site, then press Ctrl-B again.", {
+            title: "Printer",
+        });
+        return;
+    }
     printerWindow.document.write(
         '<textarea id="text" rows="15" cols="40" placeholder="Printer outputs here..."></textarea>',
     );
     printerTextArea = printerWindow.document.getElementById("text");
-
-    processor.uservia.setca1(true);
+    printerTextArea.value = printer.text;
 }
 
 const CpuClass = model.isAtom ? AtomCpu6502 : Cpu6502;
@@ -768,6 +783,8 @@ processor = new CpuClass(model, {
     econet,
 });
 
+printer.attach(processor.uservia);
+
 processor.teletextAdaptor?.addEventListener("notice", showNotice);
 
 // Create input sources
@@ -1178,13 +1195,13 @@ async function hfeClick(file) {
     const name = describeHfe(file).title;
     popupLoading("Loading " + name);
     try {
-        const disc = await loadDiscImage(parsedQuery.disc1);
-        processor.fdc.loadDisc(0, disc);
+        const loaded = await loadDiscImage(parsedQuery.disc1, layoutForDrive(0));
+        putDiscIn(0, loaded);
         loadingFinished();
         if (needsAutoboot) autoboot(name);
     } catch (err) {
         console.error("Error loading disc image:", err);
-        loadingFinished(err);
+        loadingFinished(`Unable to load ${name} from the HFE archive: ${errorText(err)}`);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1352,7 +1369,12 @@ async function loadDiscImage(discImage, layout = DiscLayout.auto) {
     discImage = split.image;
     const schema = split.schema;
     if (schema[0] === "!" || schema === "local") {
-        return disc.localDisc(processor.fdc, discImage, layout);
+        return disc.localDisc(processor.fdc, discImage, layout, (error) =>
+            toast(
+                `Browser storage would not take changes to ${discImage} (${errorText(error)}). Use Discs, Download to keep a copy.`,
+                { title: "Disc", quietKey: "quietLocalDiscSaveFailed" },
+            ),
+        );
     }
     // TODO: come up with a decent UX for passing an 'onChange' parameter to each of these.
     // Consider:
@@ -1368,7 +1390,7 @@ async function loadDiscImage(discImage, layout = DiscLayout.auto) {
         }
 
         case "hfe":
-            return disc.discFor(processor.fdc, discImage, await hfeArchive.fetch(discImage));
+            return disc.discFor(processor.fdc, discImage, await hfeArchive.fetch(discImage), undefined, layout);
 
         case "gd": {
             const splat = discImage.match(/([^/]+)\/?(.*)/);
@@ -1578,10 +1600,14 @@ async function gdLoad(cat, layout) {
 
 for (const el of document.querySelectorAll(".if-drive-available")) el.style.display = "none";
 (async () => {
-    const available = await googleDrive.initialise();
-    if (available) {
-        for (const el of document.querySelectorAll(".if-drive-available")) el.style.display = "";
-        await gdAuth(true);
+    try {
+        const available = await googleDrive.initialise();
+        if (available) {
+            for (const el of document.querySelectorAll(".if-drive-available")) el.style.display = "";
+            await gdAuth(true);
+        }
+    } catch (error) {
+        console.log(`Google Drive is unavailable: ${errorText(error)}`);
     }
 })();
 const googleDriveModal = new bootstrap.Modal(googleDriveEl);

package/src/printer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"use strict";
+
+/**
+ * Centronics printer attached to the user VIA: acknowledges each character and keeps the most
+ * recent output so it can be shown whenever a printer window is opened.
+ */
+
+export const MaxBufferedChars = 64 * 1024;
+
+export class Printer {
+    /**
+     * @param {object} [handlers]
+     * @param {function(string): void} [handlers.onOutput] called with each character as it is printed
+     * @param {function(): void} [handlers.onFirstOutput] called once, when the machine first prints
+     */
+    constructor({ onOutput = () => {}, onFirstOutput = () => {} } = {}) {
+        this._onOutput = onOutput;
+        this._onFirstOutput = onFirstOutput;
+        this._uservia = null;
+        this._olderText = "";
+        this._newerText = "";
+        this._hasPrinted = false;
+    }
+
+    outputStrobe(level, output) {
+        if (!output || level) return;
+
+        const uservia = this._uservia;
+        // Ack the character by pulsing CA1 low.
+        uservia.setca1(false);
+        uservia.setca1(true);
+        this._append(String.fromCharCode(uservia.ora));
+    }
+
+    attach(uservia) {
+        this._uservia = uservia;
+        // The ack line idles high, so that each ack is a falling edge.
+        uservia.setca1(true);
+    }
+
+    /** The most recent output, at most MaxBufferedChars of it. */
+    get text() {
+        return (this._olderText + this._newerText).slice(-MaxBufferedChars);
+    }
+
+    _append(char) {
+        // Two chunks so the bound costs a trim when the text is read, not one per character.
+        this._newerText += char;
+        if (this._newerText.length >= MaxBufferedChars) {
+            this._olderText = this._newerText;
+            this._newerText = "";
+        }
+        if (!this._hasPrinted) {
+            this._hasPrinted = true;
+            this._onFirstOutput();
+        }
+        this._onOutput(char);
+    }
+}

package/src/utils.js

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 "use strict";
-// Minimal ZIP extractor using native DecompressionStream for deflate.
-// Supports methods 0 (stored) and 8 (deflate); other methods (bzip2,
-// lzma, etc.) will throw an error with the method number.
+// Minimal ZIP extractor. Supports methods 0 (stored) and 8 (deflate); other
+// methods (bzip2, lzma, etc.) will throw an error with the method number.
+
+import { inflate as pakoInflate, inflateRaw as pakoInflateRaw, ungzip as pakoUngzip } from "pako";
 
 const ZipLocalHeaderSig = 0x04034b50;
 const ZipCentralDirSig = 0x02014b50;
@@ -35,45 +36,17 @@ function findEocd(buf) {
     throw new Error("Not a ZIP file: EOCD not found");
 }
 
-// Pipe data through a DecompressionStream and return the result.
-// Starts the read loop before writing to avoid backpressure deadlock.
-// On error, Node's DecompressionStream rejects multiple internal promises
-// (write, close, and closed); we catch the write side to prevent unhandled
-// rejections and let the error surface through the read side.
-export async function decompress(data, format) {
-    const ds = new DecompressionStream(format);
-    const writer = ds.writable.getWriter();
-    const reader = ds.readable.getReader();
-    const chunks = [];
-    const readPromise = (async () => {
-        for (;;) {
-            const { done, value } = await reader.read();
-            if (done) break;
-            chunks.push(value);
-        }
-    })();
-    const writePromise = (async () => {
-        await writer.write(data);
-        await writer.close();
-    })().catch(() => {
-        // Intentionally empty.
-    });
-    // Intentionally empty: Node's DecompressionStream rejects multiple
-    // promises on error (write, close, closed). The read side surfaces
-    // the same error with proper context — catching these just prevents
-    // unhandled rejections from the write-side promises.
-    writer.closed.catch(() => {});
-    await readPromise;
-    await writePromise;
-    if (chunks.length === 1) return chunks[0];
-    const totalLen = chunks.reduce((s, c) => s + c.length, 0);
-    const out = new Uint8Array(totalLen);
-    let offset = 0;
-    for (const chunk of chunks) {
-        out.set(chunk, offset);
-        offset += chunk.length;
+function inflateWith(inflater, data, context) {
+    if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) data = new Uint8Array(data);
+    try {
+        return inflater(data);
+    } catch (cause) {
+        throw new Error(`${context}: ${cause.message || cause}`, { cause });
     }
-    return out;
+}
+
+export function inflate(data) {
+    return inflateWith(pakoInflate, data, "Unable to inflate");
 }
 
 // Extract all files from a ZIP archive.  Returns {filename: Uint8Array}.
@@ -92,6 +65,7 @@ export async function unzip(buf) {
         const flags = readU16(buf, pos + 8);
         if (flags & 0x0001) throw new Error("Encrypted ZIP entries are not supported");
         const method = readU16(buf, pos + 10);
+        const expectedCrc = readU32(buf, pos + 16);
         const compressedSize = readU32(buf, pos + 20);
         const nameLen = readU16(buf, pos + 28);
         const extraLen = readU16(buf, pos + 30);
@@ -112,25 +86,25 @@ export async function unzip(buf) {
         if (method === ZipMethodStored) {
             files[name] = raw.slice();
         } else if (method === ZipMethodDeflate) {
-            files[name] = await decompress(raw, "deflate-raw");
+            files[name] = inflateWith(pakoInflateRaw, raw, `Unable to inflate ZIP entry ${name}`);
         } else {
             throw new Error(`Unsupported ZIP compression method ${method} for ${name}`);
         }
+        if (crc32(files[name]) >>> 0 !== expectedCrc) throw new Error(`Corrupt ZIP entry ${name}: CRC32 mismatch`);
     }
     return files;
 }
 
 // Standard CRC-32/ISO-HDLC.
+const Crc32Table = new Uint32Array(256).map((_, index) => {
+    let crc = index;
+    for (let bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) crc = crc & 1 ? (crc >>> 1) ^ 0xedb88320 : crc >>> 1;
+    return crc;
+});
+
 export function crc32(data) {
     let crc = 0xffffffff;
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
-        crc ^= data[i];
-        for (let j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-            const doEor = crc & 1;
-            crc = crc >>> 1;
-            if (doEor) crc ^= 0xedb88320;
-        }
-    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ Crc32Table[(crc ^ data[i]) & 0xff];
     return ~crc;
 }
 
@@ -1112,11 +1086,7 @@ export function readFloat32(data, offset) {
 }
 
 export async function ungzip(data) {
-    try {
-        return await decompress(data, "gzip");
-    } catch (cause) {
-        throw new Error("Unable to ungzip: " + (cause.message || cause), { cause });
-    }
+    return inflateWith(pakoUngzip, data, "Unable to ungzip");
 }
 
 export class DataStream {

package/src/via.js

@@ -154,6 +154,11 @@ class Via {
                 }
                 this.updateIFR();
 
+                // The strobe is "data ready": the port settles before CA2 falls.
+                // http://archive.6502.org/datasheets/wdc_w65c22s_mar_2004.pdf figures 3-6 and 3-7.
+                this.ora = val;
+                this.recalculatePortAPins();
+
                 mode = this.pcr & 0x0e;
                 if (mode === 8) {
                     // Handshake mode
@@ -163,7 +168,8 @@ class Via {
                     this.setca2(false);
                     this.setca2(true);
                 }
-            /* falls through */
+                break;
+
             case ORAnh:
                 this.ora = val;
                 this.recalculatePortAPins();

package/src/web/audio-handler.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { RelayNoise, FakeRelayNoise } from "../relaynoise.js";
 import { Music5000, FakeMusic5000 } from "../music5000.js";
 import { createAudioContext } from "../audio-utils.js";
 import { toggle, fadeIn, fadeOut } from "../dom-utils.js";
+import { toast } from "./toast.js";
 
 // Using this approach means when jsbeeb is embedded in other projects, vite doesn't have a fit.
 // See https://github.com/vitejs/vite/discussions/6459
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ export class AudioHandler {
         this.cpuSpeed = cpuSpeed;
         this.isAtom = isAtom;
         this.warningNode = warningNode;
-        this.noAudioWorklet = false;
+        this.noAudio = false;
         toggle(this.warningNode, false);
         this.stats = {};
         if (statsNode) {
@@ -38,11 +39,11 @@ export class AudioHandler {
             this.masterGain.connect(this.audioContext.destination);
             this.ddNoise = noSeek ? new FakeDdNoise() : new DdNoise(this.audioContext, this.masterGain);
             this.relayNoise = new RelayNoise(this.audioContext, this.masterGain);
-            this._setup(audioFilterFreq, audioFilterQ).then();
+            this._setup(audioFilterFreq, audioFilterQ).catch((error) => this._audioUnavailable(error));
         } else {
             if (this.audioContext && !this.audioContext.audioWorklet) {
                 this.audioContext = null;
-                this.noAudioWorklet = true;
+                this.noAudio = true;
                 console.log("Unable to initialise audio: no audio worklet API");
                 const localhost = new URL(window.location);
                 localhost.hostname = "localhost";
@@ -66,12 +67,21 @@ export class AudioHandler {
             this.audioContextM5000.onstatechange = () => this.checkStatus();
             this.music5000 = new Music5000((buffer) => this._onBufferMusic5000(buffer));
 
-            this.audioContextM5000.audioWorklet.addModule(music5000WorkletUrl).then(() => {
-                this._music5000workletnode = new AudioWorkletNode(this.audioContextM5000, "music5000", {
-                    outputChannelCount: [2],
+            this.audioContextM5000.audioWorklet
+                .addModule(music5000WorkletUrl)
+                .then(() => {
+                    this._music5000workletnode = new AudioWorkletNode(this.audioContextM5000, "music5000", {
+                        outputChannelCount: [2],
+                    });
+                    this._music5000workletnode.connect(this.audioContextM5000.destination);
+                })
+                .catch((error) => {
+                    console.error("Unable to initialise Music 5000 audio", error);
+                    toast(
+                        `The Music 5000 will be silent: its audio could not be started (${error?.message ?? error}). Reloading the page may help.`,
+                        { title: "Music 5000", quietKey: "quietMusic5000Audio" },
+                    );
                 });
-                this._music5000workletnode.connect(this.audioContextM5000.destination);
-            });
         } else {
             this.music5000 = new FakeMusic5000();
         }
@@ -116,6 +126,13 @@ export class AudioHandler {
         };
     }
 
+    _audioUnavailable(error) {
+        console.error("Unable to initialise audio", error);
+        this.noAudio = true;
+        this.warningNode.textContent = `There will be no sound: the audio system could not be started (${error?.message ?? error}). Reloading the page may help.`;
+        fadeIn(this.warningNode);
+    }
+
     _addStat(stat, info) {
         const timeSeries = new this._TimeSeries();
         this.stats[stat] = timeSeries;
@@ -146,7 +163,7 @@ export class AudioHandler {
     }
 
     checkStatus() {
-        if (this.noAudioWorklet) return;
+        if (this.noAudio) return;
         if (!this.audioContext && !this.audioContextM5000) return;
         const suspended =
             (this.audioContext && this.audioContext.state === "suspended") ||

package/src/web/toast.js

@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ export function toast(message, { title = "", quietKey = "" } = {}) {
     quiet.querySelector("input").addEventListener("change", (event) => remember(quietKey, event.target.checked));
 
     toastContainer().appendChild(element);
-    element.addEventListener("hidden.bs.toast", () => element.remove());
+    // Bootstrap keys its instances by element, so one only removed stays held.
+    element.addEventListener("hidden.bs.toast", () => {
+        bootstrap.Toast.getInstance(element)?.dispose();
+        element.remove();
+    });
     bootstrap.Toast.getOrCreateInstance(element).show();
     return element;
 }