joist-core 2.3.0-next.87 → 2.3.0-next.89

package/build/Expr.cjs

@@ -287,7 +287,11 @@ var FnExpr = class extends BaseExpr {
 	*/
 	toSql(ctx) {
 		const args = joinFragments(this.args.map((a) => a.toSql(ctx)), ", ");
-		const ordering = joinFragments((this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? []).filter((entry) => entry !== void 0).map((entry) => orderByToSql(entry, ctx)), ", ");
+		const ordering = joinFragments((this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {
+			if (entry === void 0) return [];
+			const fragment = orderByToSql(entry, ctx);
+			return fragment ? [fragment] : [];
+		}), ", ");
 		const filter = this.opts.aggregate?.filter;
 		const condition = filter === void 0 ? void 0 : ctx.conditionToSql(filter);
 		return {
@@ -467,16 +471,18 @@ function minMaxOutputType(outputType) {
 function decodeNumber(value) {
 	return typeof value === "string" ? Number(value) : value;
 }
-/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate. */
+/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate, or prunes an undefined order. */
 function orderByToSql(o, ctx) {
-	const [expr, direction] = "asc" in o && o.asc ? [o.asc, "ASC"] : [o.desc, "DESC"];
-	if (!(expr instanceof BaseExpr)) return fail("orderBy must be an expression, i.e. a table column, aggregate, sql`...`, or scalar query(...)");
-	const fragment = expr.toSql(ctx);
+	if (!(o.sort instanceof BaseExpr)) return fail("orderBy must be an expression, i.e. a table column, aggregate, sql`...`, or scalar query(...)");
+	if (Object.keys(o).some((key) => key !== "sort" && key !== "order" && key !== "nulls")) return fail("Expression orderBy entries only accept sort, order, and nulls");
+	if (o.order === void 0) return void 0;
+	if (o.order !== "ASC" && o.order !== "DESC") return fail(`Invalid orderBy direction '${o.order}'`);
 	if (o.nulls !== void 0 && o.nulls !== "first" && o.nulls !== "last") return fail(`Invalid orderBy nulls '${o.nulls}'`);
+	const fragment = o.sort.toSql(ctx);
 	const nulls = o.nulls ? ` NULLS ${o.nulls.toUpperCase()}` : "";
 	return {
 		...fragment,
-		sql: `${fragment.sql} ${direction}${nulls}`
+		sql: `${fragment.sql} ${o.order}${nulls}`
 	};
 }
 function identity(value) {

package/build/Expr.cjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"Expr.cjs","names":["brandPredicate","arrayOutputType","skipCondition","safeKq"],"sources":["../src/Expr.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { type ConditionInput, type PredicateBrand, type SqlCondition, brandPredicate } from \"./conditions.ts\";\nimport type { EntityMetadata } from \"./EntityMetadata.ts\";\nimport { safeKq } from \"./keywords.ts\";\nimport type { QueryCondition, QueryOrderBy } from \"./query.ts\";\nimport type { RawCondition } from \"./QueryParser.ts\";\nimport { skipCondition } from \"./skipCondition.ts\";\nimport { type TypeInfo, arrayOutputType } from \"./TypeInfo.ts\";\n\n/**\n * The shared expression protocol for `em.query`.\n *\n * Table columns (`a.first_name`), aggregates (`b.id.count()`), `sql` templates, subquery columns\n * (`bookStats.bookCount`), and scalar subqueries all implement it, so any of them can appear in\n * `select`, `where`, `groupBy`, `having`, `orderBy`, and inside other expressions.\n *\n * This module is a leaf on purpose: `Tables.ts` extends `BaseExpr` at load time, so nothing here may\n * import (at runtime) a module that leads back to `Tables.ts`. Anything that needs metadata, alias\n * binding, or SQL generation for conditions is reached through the `ExprContext` the query parser passes in.\n */\n\nexport const exprBrand: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.expr\");\n\n/**\n * Phantom type information carried by every `Expr`.\n *\n * `R` is the decoded result type.\n *\n * `Src` is the expression's *source key*: the type-level identity of the table it reads from. An entity\n * table's key is its type name (`table(Author)` gives `\"Author\"`) or the explicit name in\n * `table(Author, \"m\")`; a subquery's key is its `as: \"book_stats\"`, or the shared sentinel `\"?\"` when it\n * has no `as`. Exactly two questions are asked of a source key, and nothing else:\n *\n * - `MaybeNull` asks \"is my source key among the LEFT-joined sources in this query's join list?\" If yes,\n *   the value can be `null`.\n * - `CheckScope` asks \"is my source key among `from` + `join` at all?\" If no, the query reads from a\n *   table it never joined.\n *\n * Two special keys opt out of both questions:\n *\n * - `Expr<number, never>` reads from nothing that can be left-joined away, i.e. `b.id.count()`\n * - `Expr<number, string>` (the default) is untracked, i.e. `sql.ref` on an unknown table\n */\nexport interface ExprBrand<R, Src extends string> {\n  readonly __result: R;\n  readonly __source: Src;\n}\n\n/**\n * \"Any expression whose result is `R`\", checked by brand alone.\n *\n * Method parameters use this instead of `Expr<R>` so that `Expr` stays covariant in `R`: checking\n * `Expr<AuthorId>` against `Expr<AuthorId | null>` then only compares the phantom `__result`, not every\n * method's parameter list (which would make `Expr` invariant, and break `select: b.author_id` dispatch and\n * polymorphic joins).\n */\nexport type ExprLike<R> = { readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, any> };\n\n/** Controls which values enter an array aggregate and their order within the array. */\nexport interface ArrayAggOptions {\n  distinct?: boolean;\n  /** With DISTINCT, PostgreSQL requires ordering expressions to match the aggregate argument. */\n  orderBy?: readonly (QueryOrderBy | undefined)[];\n  /** Undefined conditions are pruned, as in a query's where clause. */\n  filter?: QueryCondition;\n}\n\n/**\n * A typed SQL expression: a table column, an aggregate, a `sql` template, or a scalar subquery.\n *\n * Conditions and SQL functions are methods, so they need no import. Aggregates keep `Src` so scope\n * checking still sees through `bs.x.max()`; `count` is source-less because `count(x)` is 0, not null,\n * when `x`'s table is left-joined away; `coalesce` drops `Src` on purpose, since its whole job is to\n * remove the nullability a left join adds.\n */\nexport interface Expr<R, Src extends string = string> {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, Src>;\n  eq(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  ne(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  // A list subquery may select a nullable column; NULLs in the set never match, so that is fine.\n  in(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  nin(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression and a space to a raw predicate; write .is`IS NULL`, not .is`NULL`. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** `count(x)::int`; `count(a.id)` is `count(*)` for the FROM table, and the matched-row count for a left-joined one. */\n  count(): Expr<number, never>;\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never>;\n  sum(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  avg(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  min(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  max(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  /** PG keeps element NULLs (a left-joined empty group aggregates as `[null]`), and zero rows aggregate as NULL. */\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<R[] | null, Src>;\n  stringAgg(this: Expr<string | null, Src>, delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, Src>;\n  coalesce(fallback: NonNullable<R>): Expr<NonNullable<R>, never>;\n}\n\n/**\n * A join entry: the join kind is the key, the joined source is the value, plus `on`. `inner?: never` /\n * `left?: never` keep an entry to one kind (the `SqlCondition` `and`/`or` trick).\n *\n * `on` is required. A join is pruned when nothing references it anymore, not by an `undefined` ON;\n * `keep: true` pins a join that would otherwise prune, i.e. an inner join used as an existence filter,\n * the way em.find's `keepAliases` does. It is a boolean so callers can pass a flag.\n *\n * Declared here (not `query.ts`) so the relation join factories in `Tables.ts` (i.e. `a.books.as(b)`) can\n * return them without importing `query.ts`; `query.ts` re-constrains `A` to its `QuerySource`.\n */\nexport interface InnerJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly inner: A;\n  readonly left?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport interface LeftJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly left: A;\n  readonly inner?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\n/** SQL plus its `?` bindings plus the SQL aliases it references, i.e. for join pruning. */\nexport interface SqlFragment {\n  sql: string;\n  bindings: any[];\n  refs: string[];\n}\n\n/**\n * What an expression needs from the query it is generating SQL for: the SQL alias assigned to each\n * source, and a way to turn nested conditions into SQL (which needs `ConditionBuilder`, so it lives in `query.ts`).\n */\nexport interface ExprContext {\n  /** Returns the SQL alias for a table's `TableMgmt` or a subquery handle, searching enclosing queries. */\n  aliasFor(handle: object): string;\n  /** Turns a user-facing condition into SQL; `undefined` if it pruned away entirely. */\n  conditionToSql(cond: QueryCondition): SqlFragment | undefined;\n}\n\nexport function isExpr(value: unknown): value is ExprLike<any> {\n  return typeof value === \"object\" && value !== null && exprBrand in value;\n}\n\n/** Every `Expr` is a `BaseExpr` at runtime; this cast keeps `isExpr` a plain type guard so unions narrow. */\nexport function asNode(expr: ExprLike<any>): BaseExpr {\n  return expr as any as BaseExpr;\n}\n\nexport const deferredSym: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.deferredCondition\");\n\n/**\n * A condition whose SQL depends on aliases that are only known once the query is parsed, i.e.\n * `bookStats.bookCount.gt(1)` or `bs.authorId.eq(a.id)`.\n *\n * It is shaped like a `RawCondition` with a SQL brand so it can sit in any `SqlCondition`; `resolveDeferredConditions`\n * snapshots `condition`, `bindings`, and `aliases` before the filter is parsed. Domain alias conditions\n * use a separate protocol in the `em.find` parser.\n */\nexport interface DeferredCondition extends RawCondition, PredicateBrand<\"sql\"> {\n  [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext) => RawCondition;\n}\n\nexport function isDeferredCondition(cond: unknown): cond is DeferredCondition {\n  return typeof cond === \"object\" && cond !== null && deferredSym in cond;\n}\n\n/** Creates a `DeferredCondition` that generates its SQL with `fn` once the query's aliases are known. */\nexport function deferredCondition(fn: (ctx: ExprContext) => SqlFragment): DeferredCondition {\n  const cond: DeferredCondition = brandPredicate(\n    {\n      kind: \"raw\",\n      aliases: [],\n      condition: \"<unresolved>\",\n      bindings: [],\n      pruneable: false,\n      [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext): RawCondition => {\n        const { sql, bindings, refs } = fn(ctx);\n        return { ...cond, condition: sql, bindings, aliases: refs };\n      },\n    },\n    \"sql\",\n  );\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve each condition occurrence and snapshot it before resolving the next one. A nested subquery\n * may reuse the same condition under another alias; it must not overwrite this occurrence's SQL.\n */\nexport function resolveDeferredConditions(\n  cond: ConditionInput | undefined,\n  ctx: ExprContext,\n): ConditionInput | undefined {\n  if (cond === undefined || cond === null) return cond;\n  if (isDeferredCondition(cond)) {\n    return cond[deferredSym](ctx);\n  } else if (\"and\" in cond && cond.and) {\n    return { ...cond, and: cond.and.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  } else if (\"or\" in cond && cond.or) {\n    return { ...cond, or: cond.or.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  }\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/** Concatenates SQL fragments with `sep`, keeping bindings and refs in order. */\nexport function joinFragments(parts: SqlFragment[], sep: string): SqlFragment {\n  return {\n    sql: parts.map((p) => p.sql).join(sep),\n    bindings: parts.flatMap((p) => p.bindings),\n    refs: parts.flatMap((p) => p.refs),\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * The methods every expression shares. Subclasses provide `toSql`, and usually `decode`/`encode`.\n *\n * Table columns can override comparisons to apply column-specific conversions. Domain aliases do not\n * implement this protocol.\n */\nexport abstract class BaseExpr {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: any = this;\n\n  /** Produces this expression's SQL so it can be embedded in a larger expression, i.e. a subquery gets parens. */\n  abstract toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;\n\n  /** Only an actual scalar/IN subquery exposes its selected expression, not an ordinary ID expression. */\n  get subquerySelect(): BaseExpr | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Known SQL representation and logical domain; raw SQL and unmodeled refs remain unknown. */\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Physical SQL nullability; undefined means unknown, not a NOT NULL guarantee. */\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** The source of a direct column reference, whose value becomes NULL under an unmatched LEFT join. */\n  get sqlSource(): object | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Produces the SQL without the outer parens a subquery normally gets; only differs for subqueries. */\n  toSqlBare(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    return this.toSql(ctx);\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a result-set value into the domain value, i.e. an int into a tagged id. */\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a domain value into the database value, i.e. a tagged id into an int, for bindings. */\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  eq(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"=\", value);\n  }\n\n  ne(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"!=\", value);\n  }\n\n  gt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">\", value);\n  }\n\n  gte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">=\", value);\n  }\n\n  lt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<\", value);\n  }\n\n  lte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<=\", value);\n  }\n\n  in(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  nin(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"NOT IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression to a SQL template, retaining bindings and referenced aliases. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition {\n    const suffix = new TemplateExpr(strings, values);\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), suffix.toSql(ctx)], \" \"));\n  }\n\n  count(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      prefix: \"DISTINCT \",\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  sum(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"sum\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"sum\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  avg(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"avg\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"avg\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  min(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"min\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  max(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"max\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<any, any> {\n    // Values are arrays while the argument encodes/decodes *elements*, i.e. a `.coalesce([\"b:1\"])`\n    // fallback must encode each tagged id, not hand the whole array to the id column's encoder\n    return new FnExpr(\"array_agg\", [this], {\n      prefix: options?.distinct ? \"DISTINCT \" : undefined,\n      aggregate: options,\n      decode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.decode(e)) : v),\n      encode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.encode(e)) : v),\n      outputType: arrayOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  stringAgg(delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"string_agg\", [this, new BindingExpr(delimiter)], {\n      outputType:\n        this.outputType?.domain === String ? { dbType: \"text\", domain: String, arrayElementSafe: true } : undefined,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  coalesce(fallback: unknown): Expr<any, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"coalesce\", [this, new BindingExpr(this.encode(fallback))], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: this.outputType,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  /** `this op value`, where `value` may be `undefined` (pruned), `null`, another expression, or a literal. */\n  protected compare(op: string, value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (value === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (value === null) {\n      const not = op === \"=\" ? \"\" : op === \"!=\" ? \"NOT \" : fail(`Cannot compare ${op} to null`);\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        return { ...left, sql: `${left.sql} IS ${not}NULL` };\n      });\n    }\n    if (isExpr(value)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), asNode(value).toSql(ctx)], ` ${op} `));\n    }\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return { sql: `${left.sql} ${op} ?`, bindings: [...left.bindings, this.encode(value)], refs: left.refs };\n    });\n  }\n\n  /** `this IN (subquery)` or `this = ANY(?)` for a list; `NOT IN` / `!= ALL(?)` for `nin`. */\n  protected inList(op: \"IN\" | \"NOT IN\", values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (values === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (isExpr(values)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        const right = asNode(values).toSqlBare(ctx);\n        return joinFragments([left, { ...right, sql: `(${right.sql})` }], ` ${op} `);\n      });\n    }\n    if (!Array.isArray(values)) fail(`Expected an array or subquery for ${op}, got ${values}`);\n    const fn = op === \"IN\" ? \"= ANY(?)\" : \"!= ALL(?)\";\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return {\n        sql: `${left.sql} ${fn}`,\n        bindings: [...left.bindings, values.map((v) => this.encode(v))],\n        refs: left.refs,\n      };\n    });\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A SQL function applied to expressions, i.e. `count(a.\"id\")::int` or `coalesce(bs.\"n\", ?)`.\n *\n * By default decoding is identity and encoding follows the first argument. Callers explicitly supply\n * a decoder and output type when needed (`max(a.id)` is still an id); numeric aggregates supply their\n * own decoder/encoder, since `count(a.id)` is a number, not an id. Unknown functions have no output type.\n */\nexport class FnExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private name: string,\n    private args: BaseExpr[],\n    private opts: {\n      prefix?: string;\n      suffix?: string;\n      decode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      encode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      outputType?: TypeInfo;\n      aggregate?: ArrayAggOptions;\n    },\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return this.opts.outputType;\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    switch (this.name) {\n      case \"count\":\n        return false;\n      case \"sum\":\n      case \"avg\":\n      case \"min\":\n      case \"max\":\n      case \"array_agg\":\n      case \"string_agg\":\n        return true;\n      case \"coalesce\":\n        // Only the fallback is independent of an outer query's LEFT joins.\n        return this.args[1]?.sqlNullable === false ? false : undefined;\n      default:\n        return undefined;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Renders function arguments, aggregate ordering, and the filter in SQL binding order.\n   * Keep references from all three so aggregate-only joins are retained.\n   */\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const args = joinFragments(\n      this.args.map((a) => a.toSql(ctx)),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const ordering = joinFragments(\n      (this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? [])\n        .filter((entry) => entry !== undefined)\n        .map((entry) => orderByToSql(entry, ctx)),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const filter = this.opts.aggregate?.filter;\n    const condition = filter === undefined ? undefined : ctx.conditionToSql(filter);\n    return {\n      sql: `${this.name}(${this.opts.prefix ?? \"\"}${args.sql}${ordering.sql ? ` ORDER BY ${ordering.sql}` : \"\"})${condition ? ` FILTER (WHERE ${condition.sql})` : \"\"}${this.opts.suffix ?? \"\"}`,\n      bindings: [...args.bindings, ...ordering.bindings, ...(condition?.bindings ?? [])],\n      refs: [...args.refs, ...ordering.refs, ...(condition?.refs ?? [])],\n    };\n  }\n\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    if (value === null || value === undefined) return value;\n    return this.opts.decode ? this.opts.decode(value) : value;\n  }\n\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return this.opts.encode ? this.opts.encode(value) : this.args[0].encode(value);\n  }\n}\n\n/** A bound literal, i.e. the `?` in `coalesce(x, ?)`. */\nexport class BindingExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(private value: unknown) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean {\n    return this.value === null || this.value === undefined;\n  }\n\n  toSql(): SqlFragment {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [this.value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** An unmodeled column on a known source, i.e. `sql.ref(a, \"ts_search\")`; untracked at the type level. */\nexport class RefExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private handle: object,\n    private column: string,\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlSource(): object {\n    return this.handle;\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const alias = ctx.aliasFor(this.handle);\n    // safeKq for both halves: sql.ref takes user strings, and a subquery alias is its `as` name\n    return { sql: `${safeKq(alias)}.${safeKq(this.column)}`, bindings: [], refs: [alias] };\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A `sql` tagged template.\n *\n * For an Author table `a` assigned the SQL alias `a1`:\n *\n * ```ts\n * sql`${a.age} * 2`     // Expression: a1.age * 2\n * sql`${a.age.gte(18)}` // Condition: (a1.age >= ?), bindings [18]\n * sql`${\"Alice\"}`      // Value: ?, bindings [\"Alice\"]\n * ```\n */\nexport class TemplateExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private strings: TemplateStringsArray,\n    private values: unknown[],\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const parts: SqlFragment[] = [];\n    this.strings.forEach((s, i) => {\n      parts.push({ sql: s, bindings: [], refs: [] });\n      if (i < this.values.length) parts.push(interpolationToSql(this.values[i], ctx));\n    });\n    return joinFragments(parts, \"\");\n  }\n}\n\n/** Turns one `${...}` of a `sql` template into SQL: an expression, a condition, or a bound value. */\nexport function interpolationToSql(value: unknown, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n  if (isExpr(value)) {\n    return asNode(value).toSql(ctx);\n  } else if (isConditionLike(value)) {\n    return ctx.conditionToSql(value as SqlCondition) ?? { sql: \"true\", bindings: [], refs: [] };\n  } else {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** True for the user-facing condition shapes: `{ and }`, `{ or }`, `ColumnCondition`, `RawCondition`. */\nexport function isConditionLike(value: unknown): boolean {\n  if (typeof value !== \"object\" || value === null) return false;\n  const v = value as any;\n  return \"and\" in v || \"or\" in v || v.kind === \"column\" || v.kind === \"raw\" || v.kind === \"exists\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves the SQL result type of supported numeric aggregates; other overloads remain unknown.\n *\n * I.e. `a.age.sum()` has `dbType: \"int8\"` and Number conversion, while `a.age` has `dbType: \"int4\"`\n * and identity conversion. 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+{"version":3,"file":"Expr.cjs","names":["brandPredicate","arrayOutputType","skipCondition","safeKq"],"sources":["../src/Expr.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { type ConditionInput, type PredicateBrand, type SqlCondition, brandPredicate } from \"./conditions.ts\";\nimport type { EntityMetadata } from \"./EntityMetadata.ts\";\nimport { safeKq } from \"./keywords.ts\";\nimport type { ExpressionOrderBy, QueryCondition } from \"./query.ts\";\nimport type { RawCondition } from \"./QueryParser.ts\";\nimport { skipCondition } from \"./skipCondition.ts\";\nimport { type TypeInfo, arrayOutputType } from \"./TypeInfo.ts\";\n\n/**\n * The shared expression protocol for `em.query`.\n *\n * Table columns (`a.first_name`), aggregates (`b.id.count()`), `sql` templates, subquery columns\n * (`bookStats.bookCount`), and scalar subqueries all implement it, so any of them can appear in\n * `select`, `where`, `groupBy`, `having`, `orderBy`, and inside other expressions.\n *\n * This module is a leaf on purpose: `Tables.ts` extends `BaseExpr` at load time, so nothing here may\n * import (at runtime) a module that leads back to `Tables.ts`. Anything that needs metadata, alias\n * binding, or SQL generation for conditions is reached through the `ExprContext` the query parser passes in.\n */\n\nexport const exprBrand: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.expr\");\n\n/**\n * Phantom type information carried by every `Expr`.\n *\n * `R` is the decoded result type.\n *\n * `Src` is the expression's *source key*: the type-level identity of the table it reads from. An entity\n * table's key is its type name (`table(Author)` gives `\"Author\"`) or the explicit name in\n * `table(Author, \"m\")`; a subquery's key is its `as: \"book_stats\"`, or the shared sentinel `\"?\"` when it\n * has no `as`. Exactly two questions are asked of a source key, and nothing else:\n *\n * - `MaybeNull` asks \"is my source key among the LEFT-joined sources in this query's join list?\" If yes,\n *   the value can be `null`.\n * - `CheckScope` asks \"is my source key among `from` + `join` at all?\" If no, the query reads from a\n *   table it never joined.\n *\n * Two special keys opt out of both questions:\n *\n * - `Expr<number, never>` reads from nothing that can be left-joined away, i.e. `b.id.count()`\n * - `Expr<number, string>` (the default) is untracked, i.e. `sql.ref` on an unknown table\n */\nexport interface ExprBrand<R, Src extends string> {\n  readonly __result: R;\n  readonly __source: Src;\n}\n\n/**\n * \"Any expression whose result is `R`\", checked by brand alone.\n *\n * Method parameters use this instead of `Expr<R>` so that `Expr` stays covariant in `R`: checking\n * `Expr<AuthorId>` against `Expr<AuthorId | null>` then only compares the phantom `__result`, not every\n * method's parameter list (which would make `Expr` invariant, and break `select: b.author_id` dispatch and\n * polymorphic joins).\n */\nexport type ExprLike<R> = { readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, any> };\n\n/** Controls which values enter an array aggregate and their order within the array. */\nexport interface ArrayAggOptions {\n  distinct?: boolean;\n  /** With DISTINCT, PostgreSQL requires ordering expressions to match the aggregate argument. */\n  orderBy?: readonly (ExpressionOrderBy | undefined)[];\n  /** Undefined conditions are pruned, as in a query's where clause. */\n  filter?: QueryCondition;\n}\n\n/**\n * A typed SQL expression: a table column, an aggregate, a `sql` template, or a scalar subquery.\n *\n * Conditions and SQL functions are methods, so they need no import. Aggregates keep `Src` so scope\n * checking still sees through `bs.x.max()`; `count` is source-less because `count(x)` is 0, not null,\n * when `x`'s table is left-joined away; `coalesce` drops `Src` on purpose, since its whole job is to\n * remove the nullability a left join adds.\n */\nexport interface Expr<R, Src extends string = string> {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, Src>;\n  eq(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  ne(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  // A list subquery may select a nullable column; NULLs in the set never match, so that is fine.\n  in(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  nin(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression and a space to a raw predicate; write .is`IS NULL`, not .is`NULL`. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** `count(x)::int`; `count(a.id)` is `count(*)` for the FROM table, and the matched-row count for a left-joined one. */\n  count(): Expr<number, never>;\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never>;\n  sum(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  avg(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  min(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  max(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  /** PG keeps element NULLs (a left-joined empty group aggregates as `[null]`), and zero rows aggregate as NULL. */\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<R[] | null, Src>;\n  stringAgg(this: Expr<string | null, Src>, delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, Src>;\n  coalesce(fallback: NonNullable<R>): Expr<NonNullable<R>, never>;\n}\n\n/**\n * A join entry: the join kind is the key, the joined source is the value, plus `on`. `inner?: never` /\n * `left?: never` keep an entry to one kind (the `SqlCondition` `and`/`or` trick).\n *\n * `on` is required. A join is pruned when nothing references it anymore, not by an `undefined` ON;\n * `keep: true` pins a join that would otherwise prune, i.e. an inner join used as an existence filter,\n * the way em.find's `keepAliases` does. It is a boolean so callers can pass a flag.\n *\n * Declared here (not `query.ts`) so the relation join factories in `Tables.ts` (i.e. `a.books.as(b)`) can\n * return them without importing `query.ts`; `query.ts` re-constrains `A` to its `QuerySource`.\n */\nexport interface InnerJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly inner: A;\n  readonly left?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport interface LeftJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly left: A;\n  readonly inner?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\n/** SQL plus its `?` bindings plus the SQL aliases it references, i.e. for join pruning. */\nexport interface SqlFragment {\n  sql: string;\n  bindings: any[];\n  refs: string[];\n}\n\n/**\n * What an expression needs from the query it is generating SQL for: the SQL alias assigned to each\n * source, and a way to turn nested conditions into SQL (which needs `ConditionBuilder`, so it lives in `query.ts`).\n */\nexport interface ExprContext {\n  /** Returns the SQL alias for a table's `TableMgmt` or a subquery handle, searching enclosing queries. */\n  aliasFor(handle: object): string;\n  /** Turns a user-facing condition into SQL; `undefined` if it pruned away entirely. */\n  conditionToSql(cond: QueryCondition): SqlFragment | undefined;\n}\n\nexport function isExpr(value: unknown): value is ExprLike<any> {\n  return typeof value === \"object\" && value !== null && exprBrand in value;\n}\n\n/** Every `Expr` is a `BaseExpr` at runtime; this cast keeps `isExpr` a plain type guard so unions narrow. */\nexport function asNode(expr: ExprLike<any>): BaseExpr {\n  return expr as any as BaseExpr;\n}\n\nexport const deferredSym: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.deferredCondition\");\n\n/**\n * A condition whose SQL depends on aliases that are only known once the query is parsed, i.e.\n * `bookStats.bookCount.gt(1)` or `bs.authorId.eq(a.id)`.\n *\n * It is shaped like a `RawCondition` with a SQL brand so it can sit in any `SqlCondition`; `resolveDeferredConditions`\n * snapshots `condition`, `bindings`, and `aliases` before the filter is parsed. Domain alias conditions\n * use a separate protocol in the `em.find` parser.\n */\nexport interface DeferredCondition extends RawCondition, PredicateBrand<\"sql\"> {\n  [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext) => RawCondition;\n}\n\nexport function isDeferredCondition(cond: unknown): cond is DeferredCondition {\n  return typeof cond === \"object\" && cond !== null && deferredSym in cond;\n}\n\n/** Creates a `DeferredCondition` that generates its SQL with `fn` once the query's aliases are known. */\nexport function deferredCondition(fn: (ctx: ExprContext) => SqlFragment): DeferredCondition {\n  const cond: DeferredCondition = brandPredicate(\n    {\n      kind: \"raw\",\n      aliases: [],\n      condition: \"<unresolved>\",\n      bindings: [],\n      pruneable: false,\n      [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext): RawCondition => {\n        const { sql, bindings, refs } = fn(ctx);\n        return { ...cond, condition: sql, bindings, aliases: refs };\n      },\n    },\n    \"sql\",\n  );\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve each condition occurrence and snapshot it before resolving the next one. A nested subquery\n * may reuse the same condition under another alias; it must not overwrite this occurrence's SQL.\n */\nexport function resolveDeferredConditions(\n  cond: ConditionInput | undefined,\n  ctx: ExprContext,\n): ConditionInput | undefined {\n  if (cond === undefined || cond === null) return cond;\n  if (isDeferredCondition(cond)) {\n    return cond[deferredSym](ctx);\n  } else if (\"and\" in cond && cond.and) {\n    return { ...cond, and: cond.and.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  } else if (\"or\" in cond && cond.or) {\n    return { ...cond, or: cond.or.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  }\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/** Concatenates SQL fragments with `sep`, keeping bindings and refs in order. */\nexport function joinFragments(parts: SqlFragment[], sep: string): SqlFragment {\n  return {\n    sql: parts.map((p) => p.sql).join(sep),\n    bindings: parts.flatMap((p) => p.bindings),\n    refs: parts.flatMap((p) => p.refs),\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * The methods every expression shares. Subclasses provide `toSql`, and usually `decode`/`encode`.\n *\n * Table columns can override comparisons to apply column-specific conversions. Domain aliases do not\n * implement this protocol.\n */\nexport abstract class BaseExpr {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: any = this;\n\n  /** Produces this expression's SQL so it can be embedded in a larger expression, i.e. a subquery gets parens. */\n  abstract toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;\n\n  /** Only an actual scalar/IN subquery exposes its selected expression, not an ordinary ID expression. */\n  get subquerySelect(): BaseExpr | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Known SQL representation and logical domain; raw SQL and unmodeled refs remain unknown. */\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Physical SQL nullability; undefined means unknown, not a NOT NULL guarantee. */\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** The source of a direct column reference, whose value becomes NULL under an unmatched LEFT join. */\n  get sqlSource(): object | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Produces the SQL without the outer parens a subquery normally gets; only differs for subqueries. */\n  toSqlBare(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    return this.toSql(ctx);\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a result-set value into the domain value, i.e. an int into a tagged id. */\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a domain value into the database value, i.e. a tagged id into an int, for bindings. */\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  eq(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"=\", value);\n  }\n\n  ne(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"!=\", value);\n  }\n\n  gt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">\", value);\n  }\n\n  gte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">=\", value);\n  }\n\n  lt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<\", value);\n  }\n\n  lte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<=\", value);\n  }\n\n  in(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  nin(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"NOT IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression to a SQL template, retaining bindings and referenced aliases. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition {\n    const suffix = new TemplateExpr(strings, values);\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), suffix.toSql(ctx)], \" \"));\n  }\n\n  count(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      prefix: \"DISTINCT \",\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  sum(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"sum\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"sum\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  avg(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"avg\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"avg\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  min(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"min\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  max(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"max\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<any, any> {\n    // Values are arrays while the argument encodes/decodes *elements*, i.e. a `.coalesce([\"b:1\"])`\n    // fallback must encode each tagged id, not hand the whole array to the id column's encoder\n    return new FnExpr(\"array_agg\", [this], {\n      prefix: options?.distinct ? \"DISTINCT \" : undefined,\n      aggregate: options,\n      decode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.decode(e)) : v),\n      encode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.encode(e)) : v),\n      outputType: arrayOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  stringAgg(delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"string_agg\", [this, new BindingExpr(delimiter)], {\n      outputType:\n        this.outputType?.domain === String ? { dbType: \"text\", domain: String, arrayElementSafe: true } : undefined,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  coalesce(fallback: unknown): Expr<any, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"coalesce\", [this, new BindingExpr(this.encode(fallback))], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: this.outputType,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  /** `this op value`, where `value` may be `undefined` (pruned), `null`, another expression, or a literal. */\n  protected compare(op: string, value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (value === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (value === null) {\n      const not = op === \"=\" ? \"\" : op === \"!=\" ? \"NOT \" : fail(`Cannot compare ${op} to null`);\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        return { ...left, sql: `${left.sql} IS ${not}NULL` };\n      });\n    }\n    if (isExpr(value)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), asNode(value).toSql(ctx)], ` ${op} `));\n    }\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return { sql: `${left.sql} ${op} ?`, bindings: [...left.bindings, this.encode(value)], refs: left.refs };\n    });\n  }\n\n  /** `this IN (subquery)` or `this = ANY(?)` for a list; `NOT IN` / `!= ALL(?)` for `nin`. */\n  protected inList(op: \"IN\" | \"NOT IN\", values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (values === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (isExpr(values)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        const right = asNode(values).toSqlBare(ctx);\n        return joinFragments([left, { ...right, sql: `(${right.sql})` }], ` ${op} `);\n      });\n    }\n    if (!Array.isArray(values)) fail(`Expected an array or subquery for ${op}, got ${values}`);\n    const fn = op === \"IN\" ? \"= ANY(?)\" : \"!= ALL(?)\";\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return {\n        sql: `${left.sql} ${fn}`,\n        bindings: [...left.bindings, values.map((v) => this.encode(v))],\n        refs: left.refs,\n      };\n    });\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A SQL function applied to expressions, i.e. `count(a.\"id\")::int` or `coalesce(bs.\"n\", ?)`.\n *\n * By default decoding is identity and encoding follows the first argument. Callers explicitly supply\n * a decoder and output type when needed (`max(a.id)` is still an id); numeric aggregates supply their\n * own decoder/encoder, since `count(a.id)` is a number, not an id. Unknown functions have no output type.\n */\nexport class FnExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private name: string,\n    private args: BaseExpr[],\n    private opts: {\n      prefix?: string;\n      suffix?: string;\n      decode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      encode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      outputType?: TypeInfo;\n      aggregate?: ArrayAggOptions;\n    },\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return this.opts.outputType;\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    switch (this.name) {\n      case \"count\":\n        return false;\n      case \"sum\":\n      case \"avg\":\n      case \"min\":\n      case \"max\":\n      case \"array_agg\":\n      case \"string_agg\":\n        return true;\n      case \"coalesce\":\n        // Only the fallback is independent of an outer query's LEFT joins.\n        return this.args[1]?.sqlNullable === false ? false : undefined;\n      default:\n        return undefined;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Renders function arguments, aggregate ordering, and the filter in SQL binding order.\n   * Keep references from all three so aggregate-only joins are retained.\n   */\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const args = joinFragments(\n      this.args.map((a) => a.toSql(ctx)),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const ordering = joinFragments(\n      (this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {\n        if (entry === undefined) return [];\n        const fragment = orderByToSql(entry, ctx);\n        return fragment ? [fragment] : [];\n      }),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const filter = this.opts.aggregate?.filter;\n    const condition = filter === undefined ? undefined : ctx.conditionToSql(filter);\n    return {\n      sql: `${this.name}(${this.opts.prefix ?? \"\"}${args.sql}${ordering.sql ? ` ORDER BY ${ordering.sql}` : \"\"})${condition ? ` FILTER (WHERE ${condition.sql})` : \"\"}${this.opts.suffix ?? \"\"}`,\n      bindings: [...args.bindings, ...ordering.bindings, ...(condition?.bindings ?? [])],\n      refs: [...args.refs, ...ordering.refs, ...(condition?.refs ?? [])],\n    };\n  }\n\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    if (value === null || value === undefined) return value;\n    return this.opts.decode ? this.opts.decode(value) : value;\n  }\n\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return this.opts.encode ? this.opts.encode(value) : this.args[0].encode(value);\n  }\n}\n\n/** A bound literal, i.e. the `?` in `coalesce(x, ?)`. */\nexport class BindingExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(private value: unknown) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean {\n    return this.value === null || this.value === undefined;\n  }\n\n  toSql(): SqlFragment {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [this.value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** An unmodeled column on a known source, i.e. `sql.ref(a, \"ts_search\")`; untracked at the type level. */\nexport class RefExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private handle: object,\n    private column: string,\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlSource(): object {\n    return this.handle;\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const alias = ctx.aliasFor(this.handle);\n    // safeKq for both halves: sql.ref takes user strings, and a subquery alias is its `as` name\n    return { sql: `${safeKq(alias)}.${safeKq(this.column)}`, bindings: [], refs: [alias] };\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A `sql` tagged template.\n *\n * For an Author table `a` assigned the SQL alias `a1`:\n *\n * ```ts\n * sql`${a.age} * 2`     // Expression: a1.age * 2\n * sql`${a.age.gte(18)}` // Condition: (a1.age >= ?), bindings [18]\n * sql`${\"Alice\"}`      // Value: ?, bindings [\"Alice\"]\n * ```\n */\nexport class TemplateExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private strings: TemplateStringsArray,\n    private values: unknown[],\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const parts: SqlFragment[] = [];\n    this.strings.forEach((s, i) => {\n      parts.push({ sql: s, bindings: [], refs: [] });\n      if (i < this.values.length) parts.push(interpolationToSql(this.values[i], ctx));\n    });\n    return joinFragments(parts, \"\");\n  }\n}\n\n/** Turns one `${...}` of a `sql` template into SQL: an expression, a condition, or a bound value. */\nexport function interpolationToSql(value: unknown, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n  if (isExpr(value)) {\n    return asNode(value).toSql(ctx);\n  } else if (isConditionLike(value)) {\n    return ctx.conditionToSql(value as SqlCondition) ?? { sql: \"true\", bindings: [], refs: [] };\n  } else {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** True for the user-facing condition shapes: `{ and }`, `{ or }`, `ColumnCondition`, `RawCondition`. */\nexport function isConditionLike(value: unknown): boolean {\n  if (typeof value !== \"object\" || value === null) return false;\n  const v = value as any;\n  return \"and\" in v || \"or\" in v || v.kind === \"column\" || v.kind === \"raw\" || v.kind === \"exists\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves the SQL result type of supported numeric aggregates; other overloads remain unknown.\n *\n * I.e. `a.age.sum()` has `dbType: \"int8\"` and Number conversion, while `a.age` has `dbType: \"int4\"`\n * and identity conversion. Their number domains agree, but SQL types reject a union in either order.\n */\nfunction numericAggregateOutputType(name: \"sum\" | \"avg\", outputType: TypeInfo | undefined): TypeInfo | undefined {\n  switch (outputType?.dbType) {\n    case \"int2\":\n    case \"int4\":\n      return { dbType: name === \"sum\" ? \"int8\" : \"numeric\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"int8\":\n    case \"numeric\":\n      return { dbType: \"numeric\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"float4\":\n      return { dbType: name === \"sum\" ? \"float4\" : \"float8\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"float8\":\n      return { dbType: \"float8\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    default:\n      return undefined;\n  }\n}\n\n/** Only known MIN/MAX overloads have predictable output types; varchar/name use the text overload. */\nfunction minMaxOutputType(outputType: TypeInfo | undefined): TypeInfo | undefined {\n  switch (outputType?.dbType) {\n    case \"varchar\":\n    case \"name\":\n      return { ...outputType, dbType: \"text\" };\n    case \"int2\":\n    case \"int4\":\n    case \"int8\":\n    case \"numeric\":\n    case \"float4\":\n    case \"float8\":\n    case \"text\":\n    case \"bpchar\":\n    case \"date\":\n    case \"time\":\n    case \"timetz\":\n    case \"timestamp\":\n    case \"timestamptz\":\n    case \"interval\":\n    case \"money\":\n    case \"inet\":\n      return outputType;\n    default:\n      return undefined;\n  }\n}\n\n/** Decodes `count`/`sum`/`avg` results, which Postgres returns as strings for bigint/numeric. */\nfunction decodeNumber(value: unknown): unknown {\n  return typeof value === \"string\" ? Number(value) : value;\n}\n\n/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate, or prunes an undefined order. */\nexport function orderByToSql(o: ExpressionOrderBy, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment | undefined {\n  if (!(o.sort instanceof BaseExpr)) {\n    return fail(\"orderBy must be an expression, i.e. a table column, aggregate, sql`...`, or scalar query(...)\");\n  }\n  if (Object.keys(o).some((key) => key !== \"sort\" && key !== \"order\" && key !== \"nulls\")) {\n    return fail(\"Expression orderBy entries only accept sort, order, and nulls\");\n  }\n  if (o.order === undefined) return undefined;\n  if (o.order !== \"ASC\" && o.order !== \"DESC\") {\n    return fail(`Invalid orderBy direction '${o.order}'`);\n  }\n  // `nulls` is interpolated into the SQL, so never trust it, i.e. it might cross an `any` boundary\n  if (o.nulls !== undefined && o.nulls !== \"first\" && o.nulls !== \"last\") {\n    return fail(`Invalid orderBy nulls '${o.nulls}'`);\n  }\n  const fragment = o.sort.toSql(ctx);\n  const nulls = o.nulls ? ` NULLS ${o.nulls.toUpperCase()}` : \"\";\n  return { ...fragment, sql: `${fragment.sql} ${o.order}${nulls}` };\n}\n\nfunction identity(value: unknown): unknown {\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction fail(message: string): never {\n  throw new 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package/build/Expr.d.cts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { ConditionInput, PredicateBrand, SqlCondition } from "./conditions.cjs";
 import { TypeInfo } from "./TypeInfo.cjs";
-import { QueryCondition, QueryOrderBy } from "./query.cjs";
+import { ExpressionOrderBy, QueryCondition } from "./query.cjs";
 import { RawCondition } from "./QueryParser.cjs";
 //#region src/Expr.d.ts
 /**
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ type ExprLike<R> = {
 interface ArrayAggOptions {
   distinct?: boolean;
   /** With DISTINCT, PostgreSQL requires ordering expressions to match the aggregate argument. */
-  orderBy?: readonly (QueryOrderBy | undefined)[];
+  orderBy?: readonly (ExpressionOrderBy | undefined)[];
   /** Undefined conditions are pruned, as in a query's where clause. */
   filter?: QueryCondition;
 }
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ declare class TemplateExpr extends BaseExpr {
 declare function interpolationToSql(value: unknown, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;
 /** True for the user-facing condition shapes: `{ and }`, `{ or }`, `ColumnCondition`, `RawCondition`. */
 declare function isConditionLike(value: unknown): boolean;
-/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate. */
-declare function orderByToSql(o: QueryOrderBy, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;
+/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate, or prunes an undefined order. */
+declare function orderByToSql(o: ExpressionOrderBy, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment | undefined;
 //#endregion
 export { ArrayAggOptions, BaseExpr, BindingExpr, DeferredCondition, Expr, ExprBrand, ExprContext, ExprLike, FnExpr, InnerJoin, LeftJoin, RefExpr, SqlFragment, TemplateExpr, asNode, deferredCondition, deferredSym, exprBrand, interpolationToSql, isConditionLike, isDeferredCondition, isExpr, joinFragments, orderByToSql, resolveDeferredConditions };
 //# sourceMappingURL=Expr.d.cts.map

package/build/Expr.d.cts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/build/Expr.d.mts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { ConditionInput, PredicateBrand, SqlCondition } from "./conditions.mjs";
 import { TypeInfo } from "./TypeInfo.mjs";
-import { QueryCondition, QueryOrderBy } from "./query.mjs";
+import { ExpressionOrderBy, QueryCondition } from "./query.mjs";
 import { RawCondition } from "./QueryParser.mjs";
 //#region src/Expr.d.ts
 /**
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ type ExprLike<R> = {
 interface ArrayAggOptions {
   distinct?: boolean;
   /** With DISTINCT, PostgreSQL requires ordering expressions to match the aggregate argument. */
-  orderBy?: readonly (QueryOrderBy | undefined)[];
+  orderBy?: readonly (ExpressionOrderBy | undefined)[];
   /** Undefined conditions are pruned, as in a query's where clause. */
   filter?: QueryCondition;
 }
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ declare class TemplateExpr extends BaseExpr {
 declare function interpolationToSql(value: unknown, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;
 /** True for the user-facing condition shapes: `{ and }`, `{ or }`, `ColumnCondition`, `RawCondition`. */
 declare function isConditionLike(value: unknown): boolean;
-/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate. */
-declare function orderByToSql(o: QueryOrderBy, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;
+/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate, or prunes an undefined order. */
+declare function orderByToSql(o: ExpressionOrderBy, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment | undefined;
 //#endregion
 export { ArrayAggOptions, BaseExpr, BindingExpr, DeferredCondition, Expr, ExprBrand, ExprContext, ExprLike, FnExpr, InnerJoin, LeftJoin, RefExpr, SqlFragment, TemplateExpr, asNode, deferredCondition, deferredSym, exprBrand, interpolationToSql, isConditionLike, isDeferredCondition, isExpr, joinFragments, orderByToSql, resolveDeferredConditions };
 //# sourceMappingURL=Expr.d.mts.map

package/build/Expr.d.mts.map

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package/build/Expr.js

@@ -286,7 +286,11 @@ var FnExpr = class extends BaseExpr {
 	*/
 	toSql(ctx) {
 		const args = joinFragments(this.args.map((a) => a.toSql(ctx)), ", ");
-		const ordering = joinFragments((this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? []).filter((entry) => entry !== void 0).map((entry) => orderByToSql(entry, ctx)), ", ");
+		const ordering = joinFragments((this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {
+			if (entry === void 0) return [];
+			const fragment = orderByToSql(entry, ctx);
+			return fragment ? [fragment] : [];
+		}), ", ");
 		const filter = this.opts.aggregate?.filter;
 		const condition = filter === void 0 ? void 0 : ctx.conditionToSql(filter);
 		return {
@@ -466,16 +470,18 @@ function minMaxOutputType(outputType) {
 function decodeNumber(value) {
 	return typeof value === "string" ? Number(value) : value;
 }
-/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate. */
+/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate, or prunes an undefined order. */
 function orderByToSql(o, ctx) {
-	const [expr, direction] = "asc" in o && o.asc ? [o.asc, "ASC"] : [o.desc, "DESC"];
-	if (!(expr instanceof BaseExpr)) return fail("orderBy must be an expression, i.e. a table column, aggregate, sql`...`, or scalar query(...)");
-	const fragment = expr.toSql(ctx);
+	if (!(o.sort instanceof BaseExpr)) return fail("orderBy must be an expression, i.e. a table column, aggregate, sql`...`, or scalar query(...)");
+	if (Object.keys(o).some((key) => key !== "sort" && key !== "order" && key !== "nulls")) return fail("Expression orderBy entries only accept sort, order, and nulls");
+	if (o.order === void 0) return void 0;
+	if (o.order !== "ASC" && o.order !== "DESC") return fail(`Invalid orderBy direction '${o.order}'`);
 	if (o.nulls !== void 0 && o.nulls !== "first" && o.nulls !== "last") return fail(`Invalid orderBy nulls '${o.nulls}'`);
+	const fragment = o.sort.toSql(ctx);
 	const nulls = o.nulls ? ` NULLS ${o.nulls.toUpperCase()}` : "";
 	return {
 		...fragment,
-		sql: `${fragment.sql} ${direction}${nulls}`
+		sql: `${fragment.sql} ${o.order}${nulls}`
 	};
 }
 function identity(value) {

package/build/Expr.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"Expr.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/Expr.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { type ConditionInput, type PredicateBrand, type SqlCondition, brandPredicate } from \"./conditions.ts\";\nimport type { EntityMetadata } from \"./EntityMetadata.ts\";\nimport { safeKq } from \"./keywords.ts\";\nimport type { QueryCondition, QueryOrderBy } from \"./query.ts\";\nimport type { RawCondition } from \"./QueryParser.ts\";\nimport { skipCondition } from \"./skipCondition.ts\";\nimport { type TypeInfo, arrayOutputType } from \"./TypeInfo.ts\";\n\n/**\n * The shared expression protocol for `em.query`.\n *\n * Table columns (`a.first_name`), aggregates (`b.id.count()`), `sql` templates, subquery columns\n * (`bookStats.bookCount`), and scalar subqueries all implement it, so any of them can appear in\n * `select`, `where`, `groupBy`, `having`, `orderBy`, and inside other expressions.\n *\n * This module is a leaf on purpose: `Tables.ts` extends `BaseExpr` at load time, so nothing here may\n * import (at runtime) a module that leads back to `Tables.ts`. Anything that needs metadata, alias\n * binding, or SQL generation for conditions is reached through the `ExprContext` the query parser passes in.\n */\n\nexport const exprBrand: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.expr\");\n\n/**\n * Phantom type information carried by every `Expr`.\n *\n * `R` is the decoded result type.\n *\n * `Src` is the expression's *source key*: the type-level identity of the table it reads from. An entity\n * table's key is its type name (`table(Author)` gives `\"Author\"`) or the explicit name in\n * `table(Author, \"m\")`; a subquery's key is its `as: \"book_stats\"`, or the shared sentinel `\"?\"` when it\n * has no `as`. Exactly two questions are asked of a source key, and nothing else:\n *\n * - `MaybeNull` asks \"is my source key among the LEFT-joined sources in this query's join list?\" If yes,\n *   the value can be `null`.\n * - `CheckScope` asks \"is my source key among `from` + `join` at all?\" If no, the query reads from a\n *   table it never joined.\n *\n * Two special keys opt out of both questions:\n *\n * - `Expr<number, never>` reads from nothing that can be left-joined away, i.e. `b.id.count()`\n * - `Expr<number, string>` (the default) is untracked, i.e. `sql.ref` on an unknown table\n */\nexport interface ExprBrand<R, Src extends string> {\n  readonly __result: R;\n  readonly __source: Src;\n}\n\n/**\n * \"Any expression whose result is `R`\", checked by brand alone.\n *\n * Method parameters use this instead of `Expr<R>` so that `Expr` stays covariant in `R`: checking\n * `Expr<AuthorId>` against `Expr<AuthorId | null>` then only compares the phantom `__result`, not every\n * method's parameter list (which would make `Expr` invariant, and break `select: b.author_id` dispatch and\n * polymorphic joins).\n */\nexport type ExprLike<R> = { readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, any> };\n\n/** Controls which values enter an array aggregate and their order within the array. */\nexport interface ArrayAggOptions {\n  distinct?: boolean;\n  /** With DISTINCT, PostgreSQL requires ordering expressions to match the aggregate argument. */\n  orderBy?: readonly (QueryOrderBy | undefined)[];\n  /** Undefined conditions are pruned, as in a query's where clause. */\n  filter?: QueryCondition;\n}\n\n/**\n * A typed SQL expression: a table column, an aggregate, a `sql` template, or a scalar subquery.\n *\n * Conditions and SQL functions are methods, so they need no import. Aggregates keep `Src` so scope\n * checking still sees through `bs.x.max()`; `count` is source-less because `count(x)` is 0, not null,\n * when `x`'s table is left-joined away; `coalesce` drops `Src` on purpose, since its whole job is to\n * remove the nullability a left join adds.\n */\nexport interface Expr<R, Src extends string = string> {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, Src>;\n  eq(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  ne(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  // A list subquery may select a nullable column; NULLs in the set never match, so that is fine.\n  in(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  nin(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression and a space to a raw predicate; write .is`IS NULL`, not .is`NULL`. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** `count(x)::int`; `count(a.id)` is `count(*)` for the FROM table, and the matched-row count for a left-joined one. */\n  count(): Expr<number, never>;\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never>;\n  sum(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  avg(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  min(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  max(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  /** PG keeps element NULLs (a left-joined empty group aggregates as `[null]`), and zero rows aggregate as NULL. */\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<R[] | null, Src>;\n  stringAgg(this: Expr<string | null, Src>, delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, Src>;\n  coalesce(fallback: NonNullable<R>): Expr<NonNullable<R>, never>;\n}\n\n/**\n * A join entry: the join kind is the key, the joined source is the value, plus `on`. `inner?: never` /\n * `left?: never` keep an entry to one kind (the `SqlCondition` `and`/`or` trick).\n *\n * `on` is required. A join is pruned when nothing references it anymore, not by an `undefined` ON;\n * `keep: true` pins a join that would otherwise prune, i.e. an inner join used as an existence filter,\n * the way em.find's `keepAliases` does. It is a boolean so callers can pass a flag.\n *\n * Declared here (not `query.ts`) so the relation join factories in `Tables.ts` (i.e. `a.books.as(b)`) can\n * return them without importing `query.ts`; `query.ts` re-constrains `A` to its `QuerySource`.\n */\nexport interface InnerJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly inner: A;\n  readonly left?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport interface LeftJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly left: A;\n  readonly inner?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\n/** SQL plus its `?` bindings plus the SQL aliases it references, i.e. for join pruning. */\nexport interface SqlFragment {\n  sql: string;\n  bindings: any[];\n  refs: string[];\n}\n\n/**\n * What an expression needs from the query it is generating SQL for: the SQL alias assigned to each\n * source, and a way to turn nested conditions into SQL (which needs `ConditionBuilder`, so it lives in `query.ts`).\n */\nexport interface ExprContext {\n  /** Returns the SQL alias for a table's `TableMgmt` or a subquery handle, searching enclosing queries. */\n  aliasFor(handle: object): string;\n  /** Turns a user-facing condition into SQL; `undefined` if it pruned away entirely. */\n  conditionToSql(cond: QueryCondition): SqlFragment | undefined;\n}\n\nexport function isExpr(value: unknown): value is ExprLike<any> {\n  return typeof value === \"object\" && value !== null && exprBrand in value;\n}\n\n/** Every `Expr` is a `BaseExpr` at runtime; this cast keeps `isExpr` a plain type guard so unions narrow. */\nexport function asNode(expr: ExprLike<any>): BaseExpr {\n  return expr as any as BaseExpr;\n}\n\nexport const deferredSym: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.deferredCondition\");\n\n/**\n * A condition whose SQL depends on aliases that are only known once the query is parsed, i.e.\n * `bookStats.bookCount.gt(1)` or `bs.authorId.eq(a.id)`.\n *\n * It is shaped like a `RawCondition` with a SQL brand so it can sit in any `SqlCondition`; `resolveDeferredConditions`\n * snapshots `condition`, `bindings`, and `aliases` before the filter is parsed. Domain alias conditions\n * use a separate protocol in the `em.find` parser.\n */\nexport interface DeferredCondition extends RawCondition, PredicateBrand<\"sql\"> {\n  [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext) => RawCondition;\n}\n\nexport function isDeferredCondition(cond: unknown): cond is DeferredCondition {\n  return typeof cond === \"object\" && cond !== null && deferredSym in cond;\n}\n\n/** Creates a `DeferredCondition` that generates its SQL with `fn` once the query's aliases are known. */\nexport function deferredCondition(fn: (ctx: ExprContext) => SqlFragment): DeferredCondition {\n  const cond: DeferredCondition = brandPredicate(\n    {\n      kind: \"raw\",\n      aliases: [],\n      condition: \"<unresolved>\",\n      bindings: [],\n      pruneable: false,\n      [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext): RawCondition => {\n        const { sql, bindings, refs } = fn(ctx);\n        return { ...cond, condition: sql, bindings, aliases: refs };\n      },\n    },\n    \"sql\",\n  );\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve each condition occurrence and snapshot it before resolving the next one. A nested subquery\n * may reuse the same condition under another alias; it must not overwrite this occurrence's SQL.\n */\nexport function resolveDeferredConditions(\n  cond: ConditionInput | undefined,\n  ctx: ExprContext,\n): ConditionInput | undefined {\n  if (cond === undefined || cond === null) return cond;\n  if (isDeferredCondition(cond)) {\n    return cond[deferredSym](ctx);\n  } else if (\"and\" in cond && cond.and) {\n    return { ...cond, and: cond.and.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  } else if (\"or\" in cond && cond.or) {\n    return { ...cond, or: cond.or.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  }\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/** Concatenates SQL fragments with `sep`, keeping bindings and refs in order. */\nexport function joinFragments(parts: SqlFragment[], sep: string): SqlFragment {\n  return {\n    sql: parts.map((p) => p.sql).join(sep),\n    bindings: parts.flatMap((p) => p.bindings),\n    refs: parts.flatMap((p) => p.refs),\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * The methods every expression shares. Subclasses provide `toSql`, and usually `decode`/`encode`.\n *\n * Table columns can override comparisons to apply column-specific conversions. Domain aliases do not\n * implement this protocol.\n */\nexport abstract class BaseExpr {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: any = this;\n\n  /** Produces this expression's SQL so it can be embedded in a larger expression, i.e. a subquery gets parens. */\n  abstract toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;\n\n  /** Only an actual scalar/IN subquery exposes its selected expression, not an ordinary ID expression. */\n  get subquerySelect(): BaseExpr | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Known SQL representation and logical domain; raw SQL and unmodeled refs remain unknown. */\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Physical SQL nullability; undefined means unknown, not a NOT NULL guarantee. */\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** The source of a direct column reference, whose value becomes NULL under an unmatched LEFT join. */\n  get sqlSource(): object | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Produces the SQL without the outer parens a subquery normally gets; only differs for subqueries. */\n  toSqlBare(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    return this.toSql(ctx);\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a result-set value into the domain value, i.e. an int into a tagged id. */\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a domain value into the database value, i.e. a tagged id into an int, for bindings. */\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  eq(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"=\", value);\n  }\n\n  ne(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"!=\", value);\n  }\n\n  gt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">\", value);\n  }\n\n  gte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">=\", value);\n  }\n\n  lt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<\", value);\n  }\n\n  lte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<=\", value);\n  }\n\n  in(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  nin(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"NOT IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression to a SQL template, retaining bindings and referenced aliases. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition {\n    const suffix = new TemplateExpr(strings, values);\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), suffix.toSql(ctx)], \" \"));\n  }\n\n  count(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      prefix: \"DISTINCT \",\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  sum(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"sum\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"sum\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  avg(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"avg\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"avg\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  min(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"min\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  max(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"max\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<any, any> {\n    // Values are arrays while the argument encodes/decodes *elements*, i.e. a `.coalesce([\"b:1\"])`\n    // fallback must encode each tagged id, not hand the whole array to the id column's encoder\n    return new FnExpr(\"array_agg\", [this], {\n      prefix: options?.distinct ? \"DISTINCT \" : undefined,\n      aggregate: options,\n      decode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.decode(e)) : v),\n      encode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.encode(e)) : v),\n      outputType: arrayOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  stringAgg(delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"string_agg\", [this, new BindingExpr(delimiter)], {\n      outputType:\n        this.outputType?.domain === String ? { dbType: \"text\", domain: String, arrayElementSafe: true } : undefined,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  coalesce(fallback: unknown): Expr<any, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"coalesce\", [this, new BindingExpr(this.encode(fallback))], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: this.outputType,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  /** `this op value`, where `value` may be `undefined` (pruned), `null`, another expression, or a literal. */\n  protected compare(op: string, value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (value === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (value === null) {\n      const not = op === \"=\" ? \"\" : op === \"!=\" ? \"NOT \" : fail(`Cannot compare ${op} to null`);\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        return { ...left, sql: `${left.sql} IS ${not}NULL` };\n      });\n    }\n    if (isExpr(value)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), asNode(value).toSql(ctx)], ` ${op} `));\n    }\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return { sql: `${left.sql} ${op} ?`, bindings: [...left.bindings, this.encode(value)], refs: left.refs };\n    });\n  }\n\n  /** `this IN (subquery)` or `this = ANY(?)` for a list; `NOT IN` / `!= ALL(?)` for `nin`. */\n  protected inList(op: \"IN\" | \"NOT IN\", values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (values === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (isExpr(values)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        const right = asNode(values).toSqlBare(ctx);\n        return joinFragments([left, { ...right, sql: `(${right.sql})` }], ` ${op} `);\n      });\n    }\n    if (!Array.isArray(values)) fail(`Expected an array or subquery for ${op}, got ${values}`);\n    const fn = op === \"IN\" ? \"= ANY(?)\" : \"!= ALL(?)\";\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return {\n        sql: `${left.sql} ${fn}`,\n        bindings: [...left.bindings, values.map((v) => this.encode(v))],\n        refs: left.refs,\n      };\n    });\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A SQL function applied to expressions, i.e. `count(a.\"id\")::int` or `coalesce(bs.\"n\", ?)`.\n *\n * By default decoding is identity and encoding follows the first argument. Callers explicitly supply\n * a decoder and output type when needed (`max(a.id)` is still an id); numeric aggregates supply their\n * own decoder/encoder, since `count(a.id)` is a number, not an id. Unknown functions have no output type.\n */\nexport class FnExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private name: string,\n    private args: BaseExpr[],\n    private opts: {\n      prefix?: string;\n      suffix?: string;\n      decode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      encode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      outputType?: TypeInfo;\n      aggregate?: ArrayAggOptions;\n    },\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return this.opts.outputType;\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    switch (this.name) {\n      case \"count\":\n        return false;\n      case \"sum\":\n      case \"avg\":\n      case \"min\":\n      case \"max\":\n      case \"array_agg\":\n      case \"string_agg\":\n        return true;\n      case \"coalesce\":\n        // Only the fallback is independent of an outer query's LEFT joins.\n        return this.args[1]?.sqlNullable === false ? false : undefined;\n      default:\n        return undefined;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Renders function arguments, aggregate ordering, and the filter in SQL binding order.\n   * Keep references from all three so aggregate-only joins are retained.\n   */\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const args = joinFragments(\n      this.args.map((a) => a.toSql(ctx)),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const ordering = joinFragments(\n      (this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? [])\n        .filter((entry) => entry !== undefined)\n        .map((entry) => orderByToSql(entry, ctx)),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const filter = this.opts.aggregate?.filter;\n    const condition = filter === undefined ? undefined : ctx.conditionToSql(filter);\n    return {\n      sql: `${this.name}(${this.opts.prefix ?? \"\"}${args.sql}${ordering.sql ? ` ORDER BY ${ordering.sql}` : \"\"})${condition ? ` FILTER (WHERE ${condition.sql})` : \"\"}${this.opts.suffix ?? \"\"}`,\n      bindings: [...args.bindings, ...ordering.bindings, ...(condition?.bindings ?? [])],\n      refs: [...args.refs, ...ordering.refs, ...(condition?.refs ?? [])],\n    };\n  }\n\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    if (value === null || value === undefined) return value;\n    return this.opts.decode ? this.opts.decode(value) : value;\n  }\n\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return this.opts.encode ? this.opts.encode(value) : this.args[0].encode(value);\n  }\n}\n\n/** A bound literal, i.e. the `?` in `coalesce(x, ?)`. */\nexport class BindingExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(private value: unknown) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean {\n    return this.value === null || this.value === undefined;\n  }\n\n  toSql(): SqlFragment {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [this.value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** An unmodeled column on a known source, i.e. `sql.ref(a, \"ts_search\")`; untracked at the type level. */\nexport class RefExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private handle: object,\n    private column: string,\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlSource(): object {\n    return this.handle;\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const alias = ctx.aliasFor(this.handle);\n    // safeKq for both halves: sql.ref takes user strings, and a subquery alias is its `as` name\n    return { sql: `${safeKq(alias)}.${safeKq(this.column)}`, bindings: [], refs: [alias] };\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A `sql` tagged template.\n *\n * For an Author table `a` assigned the SQL alias `a1`:\n *\n * ```ts\n * sql`${a.age} * 2`     // Expression: a1.age * 2\n * sql`${a.age.gte(18)}` // Condition: (a1.age >= ?), bindings [18]\n * sql`${\"Alice\"}`      // Value: ?, bindings [\"Alice\"]\n * ```\n */\nexport class TemplateExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private strings: TemplateStringsArray,\n    private values: unknown[],\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const parts: SqlFragment[] = [];\n    this.strings.forEach((s, i) => {\n      parts.push({ sql: s, bindings: [], refs: [] });\n      if (i < this.values.length) parts.push(interpolationToSql(this.values[i], ctx));\n    });\n    return joinFragments(parts, \"\");\n  }\n}\n\n/** Turns one `${...}` of a `sql` template into SQL: an expression, a condition, or a bound value. */\nexport function interpolationToSql(value: unknown, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n  if (isExpr(value)) {\n    return asNode(value).toSql(ctx);\n  } else if (isConditionLike(value)) {\n    return ctx.conditionToSql(value as SqlCondition) ?? { sql: \"true\", bindings: [], refs: [] };\n  } else {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** True for the user-facing condition shapes: `{ and }`, `{ or }`, `ColumnCondition`, `RawCondition`. */\nexport function isConditionLike(value: unknown): boolean {\n  if (typeof value !== \"object\" || value === null) return false;\n  const v = value as any;\n  return \"and\" in v || \"or\" in v || v.kind === \"column\" || v.kind === \"raw\" || v.kind === \"exists\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves the SQL result type of supported numeric aggregates; other overloads remain unknown.\n *\n * I.e. `a.age.sum()` has `dbType: \"int8\"` and Number conversion, while `a.age` has `dbType: \"int4\"`\n * and identity conversion. Their number domains agree, but SQL types reject a union in either order.\n */\nfunction numericAggregateOutputType(name: \"sum\" | \"avg\", outputType: TypeInfo | undefined): TypeInfo | undefined {\n  switch (outputType?.dbType) {\n    case \"int2\":\n    case \"int4\":\n      return { dbType: name === \"sum\" ? \"int8\" : \"numeric\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"int8\":\n    case \"numeric\":\n      return { dbType: \"numeric\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"float4\":\n      return { dbType: name === \"sum\" ? \"float4\" : \"float8\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"float8\":\n      return { dbType: \"float8\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    default:\n      return undefined;\n  }\n}\n\n/** Only known MIN/MAX overloads have predictable output types; varchar/name use the text overload. */\nfunction minMaxOutputType(outputType: TypeInfo | undefined): TypeInfo | undefined {\n  switch (outputType?.dbType) {\n    case \"varchar\":\n    case \"name\":\n      return { ...outputType, dbType: \"text\" };\n    case \"int2\":\n    case \"int4\":\n    case \"int8\":\n    case \"numeric\":\n    case \"float4\":\n    case \"float8\":\n    case \"text\":\n    case \"bpchar\":\n    case \"date\":\n    case \"time\":\n    case \"timetz\":\n    case \"timestamp\":\n    case \"timestamptz\":\n    case \"interval\":\n    case \"money\":\n    case \"inet\":\n      return outputType;\n    default:\n      return undefined;\n  }\n}\n\n/** Decodes `count`/`sum`/`avg` results, which Postgres returns as strings for bigint/numeric. */\nfunction decodeNumber(value: unknown): unknown {\n  return typeof value === \"string\" ? Number(value) : value;\n}\n\n/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate. */\nexport function orderByToSql(o: QueryOrderBy, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n  const [expr, direction] = \"asc\" in o && o.asc ? [o.asc, \"ASC\"] : [o.desc, \"DESC\"];\n  if (!(expr instanceof BaseExpr)) {\n    return fail(\"orderBy must be an expression, i.e. a table column, aggregate, sql`...`, or scalar query(...)\");\n  }\n  const fragment = expr.toSql(ctx);\n  // `nulls` is interpolated into the SQL, so never trust it, i.e. it might cross an `any` boundary\n  if (o.nulls !== undefined && o.nulls !== \"first\" && o.nulls !== \"last\") {\n    return fail(`Invalid orderBy nulls '${o.nulls}'`);\n  }\n  const nulls = o.nulls ? ` NULLS ${o.nulls.toUpperCase()}` : \"\";\n  return { ...fragment, sql: `${fragment.sql} ${direction}${nulls}` };\n}\n\nfunction identity(value: unknown): unknown {\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction fail(message: string): never {\n  throw new 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+{"version":3,"file":"Expr.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/Expr.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { type ConditionInput, type PredicateBrand, type SqlCondition, brandPredicate } from \"./conditions.ts\";\nimport type { EntityMetadata } from \"./EntityMetadata.ts\";\nimport { safeKq } from \"./keywords.ts\";\nimport type { ExpressionOrderBy, QueryCondition } from \"./query.ts\";\nimport type { RawCondition } from \"./QueryParser.ts\";\nimport { skipCondition } from \"./skipCondition.ts\";\nimport { type TypeInfo, arrayOutputType } from \"./TypeInfo.ts\";\n\n/**\n * The shared expression protocol for `em.query`.\n *\n * Table columns (`a.first_name`), aggregates (`b.id.count()`), `sql` templates, subquery columns\n * (`bookStats.bookCount`), and scalar subqueries all implement it, so any of them can appear in\n * `select`, `where`, `groupBy`, `having`, `orderBy`, and inside other expressions.\n *\n * This module is a leaf on purpose: `Tables.ts` extends `BaseExpr` at load time, so nothing here may\n * import (at runtime) a module that leads back to `Tables.ts`. Anything that needs metadata, alias\n * binding, or SQL generation for conditions is reached through the `ExprContext` the query parser passes in.\n */\n\nexport const exprBrand: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.expr\");\n\n/**\n * Phantom type information carried by every `Expr`.\n *\n * `R` is the decoded result type.\n *\n * `Src` is the expression's *source key*: the type-level identity of the table it reads from. An entity\n * table's key is its type name (`table(Author)` gives `\"Author\"`) or the explicit name in\n * `table(Author, \"m\")`; a subquery's key is its `as: \"book_stats\"`, or the shared sentinel `\"?\"` when it\n * has no `as`. Exactly two questions are asked of a source key, and nothing else:\n *\n * - `MaybeNull` asks \"is my source key among the LEFT-joined sources in this query's join list?\" If yes,\n *   the value can be `null`.\n * - `CheckScope` asks \"is my source key among `from` + `join` at all?\" If no, the query reads from a\n *   table it never joined.\n *\n * Two special keys opt out of both questions:\n *\n * - `Expr<number, never>` reads from nothing that can be left-joined away, i.e. `b.id.count()`\n * - `Expr<number, string>` (the default) is untracked, i.e. `sql.ref` on an unknown table\n */\nexport interface ExprBrand<R, Src extends string> {\n  readonly __result: R;\n  readonly __source: Src;\n}\n\n/**\n * \"Any expression whose result is `R`\", checked by brand alone.\n *\n * Method parameters use this instead of `Expr<R>` so that `Expr` stays covariant in `R`: checking\n * `Expr<AuthorId>` against `Expr<AuthorId | null>` then only compares the phantom `__result`, not every\n * method's parameter list (which would make `Expr` invariant, and break `select: b.author_id` dispatch and\n * polymorphic joins).\n */\nexport type ExprLike<R> = { readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, any> };\n\n/** Controls which values enter an array aggregate and their order within the array. */\nexport interface ArrayAggOptions {\n  distinct?: boolean;\n  /** With DISTINCT, PostgreSQL requires ordering expressions to match the aggregate argument. */\n  orderBy?: readonly (ExpressionOrderBy | undefined)[];\n  /** Undefined conditions are pruned, as in a query's where clause. */\n  filter?: QueryCondition;\n}\n\n/**\n * A typed SQL expression: a table column, an aggregate, a `sql` template, or a scalar subquery.\n *\n * Conditions and SQL functions are methods, so they need no import. Aggregates keep `Src` so scope\n * checking still sees through `bs.x.max()`; `count` is source-less because `count(x)` is 0, not null,\n * when `x`'s table is left-joined away; `coalesce` drops `Src` on purpose, since its whole job is to\n * remove the nullability a left join adds.\n */\nexport interface Expr<R, Src extends string = string> {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: ExprBrand<R, Src>;\n  eq(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  ne(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  gte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lt(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  lte(value: R | ExprLike<R> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  // A list subquery may select a nullable column; NULLs in the set never match, so that is fine.\n  in(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n  nin(values: readonly R[] | ExprLike<R | null> | undefined): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression and a space to a raw predicate; write .is`IS NULL`, not .is`NULL`. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition;\n\n  /** `count(x)::int`; `count(a.id)` is `count(*)` for the FROM table, and the matched-row count for a left-joined one. */\n  count(): Expr<number, never>;\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never>;\n  sum(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  avg(this: Expr<number | null, Src>): Expr<number | null, Src>;\n  min(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  max(): Expr<R | null, Src>;\n  /** PG keeps element NULLs (a left-joined empty group aggregates as `[null]`), and zero rows aggregate as NULL. */\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<R[] | null, Src>;\n  stringAgg(this: Expr<string | null, Src>, delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, Src>;\n  coalesce(fallback: NonNullable<R>): Expr<NonNullable<R>, never>;\n}\n\n/**\n * A join entry: the join kind is the key, the joined source is the value, plus `on`. `inner?: never` /\n * `left?: never` keep an entry to one kind (the `SqlCondition` `and`/`or` trick).\n *\n * `on` is required. A join is pruned when nothing references it anymore, not by an `undefined` ON;\n * `keep: true` pins a join that would otherwise prune, i.e. an inner join used as an existence filter,\n * the way em.find's `keepAliases` does. It is a boolean so callers can pass a flag.\n *\n * Declared here (not `query.ts`) so the relation join factories in `Tables.ts` (i.e. `a.books.as(b)`) can\n * return them without importing `query.ts`; `query.ts` re-constrains `A` to its `QuerySource`.\n */\nexport interface InnerJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly inner: A;\n  readonly left?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport interface LeftJoin<A, C = SqlCondition> {\n  readonly left: A;\n  readonly inner?: never;\n  readonly on: C;\n  readonly keep?: boolean;\n}\n\n/** SQL plus its `?` bindings plus the SQL aliases it references, i.e. for join pruning. */\nexport interface SqlFragment {\n  sql: string;\n  bindings: any[];\n  refs: string[];\n}\n\n/**\n * What an expression needs from the query it is generating SQL for: the SQL alias assigned to each\n * source, and a way to turn nested conditions into SQL (which needs `ConditionBuilder`, so it lives in `query.ts`).\n */\nexport interface ExprContext {\n  /** Returns the SQL alias for a table's `TableMgmt` or a subquery handle, searching enclosing queries. */\n  aliasFor(handle: object): string;\n  /** Turns a user-facing condition into SQL; `undefined` if it pruned away entirely. */\n  conditionToSql(cond: QueryCondition): SqlFragment | undefined;\n}\n\nexport function isExpr(value: unknown): value is ExprLike<any> {\n  return typeof value === \"object\" && value !== null && exprBrand in value;\n}\n\n/** Every `Expr` is a `BaseExpr` at runtime; this cast keeps `isExpr` a plain type guard so unions narrow. */\nexport function asNode(expr: ExprLike<any>): BaseExpr {\n  return expr as any as BaseExpr;\n}\n\nexport const deferredSym: unique symbol = Symbol(\"joist.deferredCondition\");\n\n/**\n * A condition whose SQL depends on aliases that are only known once the query is parsed, i.e.\n * `bookStats.bookCount.gt(1)` or `bs.authorId.eq(a.id)`.\n *\n * It is shaped like a `RawCondition` with a SQL brand so it can sit in any `SqlCondition`; `resolveDeferredConditions`\n * snapshots `condition`, `bindings`, and `aliases` before the filter is parsed. Domain alias conditions\n * use a separate protocol in the `em.find` parser.\n */\nexport interface DeferredCondition extends RawCondition, PredicateBrand<\"sql\"> {\n  [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext) => RawCondition;\n}\n\nexport function isDeferredCondition(cond: unknown): cond is DeferredCondition {\n  return typeof cond === \"object\" && cond !== null && deferredSym in cond;\n}\n\n/** Creates a `DeferredCondition` that generates its SQL with `fn` once the query's aliases are known. */\nexport function deferredCondition(fn: (ctx: ExprContext) => SqlFragment): DeferredCondition {\n  const cond: DeferredCondition = brandPredicate(\n    {\n      kind: \"raw\",\n      aliases: [],\n      condition: \"<unresolved>\",\n      bindings: [],\n      pruneable: false,\n      [deferredSym]: (ctx: ExprContext): RawCondition => {\n        const { sql, bindings, refs } = fn(ctx);\n        return { ...cond, condition: sql, bindings, aliases: refs };\n      },\n    },\n    \"sql\",\n  );\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve each condition occurrence and snapshot it before resolving the next one. A nested subquery\n * may reuse the same condition under another alias; it must not overwrite this occurrence's SQL.\n */\nexport function resolveDeferredConditions(\n  cond: ConditionInput | undefined,\n  ctx: ExprContext,\n): ConditionInput | undefined {\n  if (cond === undefined || cond === null) return cond;\n  if (isDeferredCondition(cond)) {\n    return cond[deferredSym](ctx);\n  } else if (\"and\" in cond && cond.and) {\n    return { ...cond, and: cond.and.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  } else if (\"or\" in cond && cond.or) {\n    return { ...cond, or: cond.or.map((c) => resolveDeferredConditions(c, ctx)) };\n  }\n  return cond;\n}\n\n/** Concatenates SQL fragments with `sep`, keeping bindings and refs in order. */\nexport function joinFragments(parts: SqlFragment[], sep: string): SqlFragment {\n  return {\n    sql: parts.map((p) => p.sql).join(sep),\n    bindings: parts.flatMap((p) => p.bindings),\n    refs: parts.flatMap((p) => p.refs),\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * The methods every expression shares. Subclasses provide `toSql`, and usually `decode`/`encode`.\n *\n * Table columns can override comparisons to apply column-specific conversions. Domain aliases do not\n * implement this protocol.\n */\nexport abstract class BaseExpr {\n  readonly [exprBrand]: any = this;\n\n  /** Produces this expression's SQL so it can be embedded in a larger expression, i.e. a subquery gets parens. */\n  abstract toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment;\n\n  /** Only an actual scalar/IN subquery exposes its selected expression, not an ordinary ID expression. */\n  get subquerySelect(): BaseExpr | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Known SQL representation and logical domain; raw SQL and unmodeled refs remain unknown. */\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Physical SQL nullability; undefined means unknown, not a NOT NULL guarantee. */\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** The source of a direct column reference, whose value becomes NULL under an unmatched LEFT join. */\n  get sqlSource(): object | undefined {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** Produces the SQL without the outer parens a subquery normally gets; only differs for subqueries. */\n  toSqlBare(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    return this.toSql(ctx);\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a result-set value into the domain value, i.e. an int into a tagged id. */\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  /** Converts a domain value into the database value, i.e. a tagged id into an int, for bindings. */\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  eq(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"=\", value);\n  }\n\n  ne(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"!=\", value);\n  }\n\n  gt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">\", value);\n  }\n\n  gte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\">=\", value);\n  }\n\n  lt(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<\", value);\n  }\n\n  lte(value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.compare(\"<=\", value);\n  }\n\n  in(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  nin(values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    return this.inList(\"NOT IN\", values);\n  }\n\n  /** Prefixes this expression to a SQL template, retaining bindings and referenced aliases. */\n  is(strings: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: unknown[]): SqlCondition {\n    const suffix = new TemplateExpr(strings, values);\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), suffix.toSql(ctx)], \" \"));\n  }\n\n  count(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  countDistinct(): Expr<number, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"count\", [this], {\n      prefix: \"DISTINCT \",\n      suffix: \"::int\",\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: { dbType: \"int4\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true },\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  sum(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"sum\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"sum\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  avg(): Expr<number | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"avg\", [this], {\n      decode: decodeNumber,\n      encode: identity,\n      outputType: numericAggregateOutputType(\"avg\", this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  min(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"min\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  max(): Expr<any, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"max\", [this], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: minMaxOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  arrayAgg(options?: ArrayAggOptions): Expr<any, any> {\n    // Values are arrays while the argument encodes/decodes *elements*, i.e. a `.coalesce([\"b:1\"])`\n    // fallback must encode each tagged id, not hand the whole array to the id column's encoder\n    return new FnExpr(\"array_agg\", [this], {\n      prefix: options?.distinct ? \"DISTINCT \" : undefined,\n      aggregate: options,\n      decode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.decode(e)) : v),\n      encode: (v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map((e) => this.encode(e)) : v),\n      outputType: arrayOutputType(this.outputType),\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  stringAgg(delimiter: string): Expr<string | null, any> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"string_agg\", [this, new BindingExpr(delimiter)], {\n      outputType:\n        this.outputType?.domain === String ? { dbType: \"text\", domain: String, arrayElementSafe: true } : undefined,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  coalesce(fallback: unknown): Expr<any, never> {\n    return new FnExpr(\"coalesce\", [this, new BindingExpr(this.encode(fallback))], {\n      decode: (v) => this.decode(v),\n      outputType: this.outputType,\n    }) as any;\n  }\n\n  /** `this op value`, where `value` may be `undefined` (pruned), `null`, another expression, or a literal. */\n  protected compare(op: string, value: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (value === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (value === null) {\n      const not = op === \"=\" ? \"\" : op === \"!=\" ? \"NOT \" : fail(`Cannot compare ${op} to null`);\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        return { ...left, sql: `${left.sql} IS ${not}NULL` };\n      });\n    }\n    if (isExpr(value)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => joinFragments([this.toSql(ctx), asNode(value).toSql(ctx)], ` ${op} `));\n    }\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return { sql: `${left.sql} ${op} ?`, bindings: [...left.bindings, this.encode(value)], refs: left.refs };\n    });\n  }\n\n  /** `this IN (subquery)` or `this = ANY(?)` for a list; `NOT IN` / `!= ALL(?)` for `nin`. */\n  protected inList(op: \"IN\" | \"NOT IN\", values: unknown): SqlCondition {\n    if (values === undefined) return skipCondition;\n    if (isExpr(values)) {\n      return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n        const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n        const right = asNode(values).toSqlBare(ctx);\n        return joinFragments([left, { ...right, sql: `(${right.sql})` }], ` ${op} `);\n      });\n    }\n    if (!Array.isArray(values)) fail(`Expected an array or subquery for ${op}, got ${values}`);\n    const fn = op === \"IN\" ? \"= ANY(?)\" : \"!= ALL(?)\";\n    return deferredCondition((ctx) => {\n      const left = this.toSql(ctx);\n      return {\n        sql: `${left.sql} ${fn}`,\n        bindings: [...left.bindings, values.map((v) => this.encode(v))],\n        refs: left.refs,\n      };\n    });\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A SQL function applied to expressions, i.e. `count(a.\"id\")::int` or `coalesce(bs.\"n\", ?)`.\n *\n * By default decoding is identity and encoding follows the first argument. Callers explicitly supply\n * a decoder and output type when needed (`max(a.id)` is still an id); numeric aggregates supply their\n * own decoder/encoder, since `count(a.id)` is a number, not an id. Unknown functions have no output type.\n */\nexport class FnExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private name: string,\n    private args: BaseExpr[],\n    private opts: {\n      prefix?: string;\n      suffix?: string;\n      decode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      encode?: (value: unknown) => unknown;\n      outputType?: TypeInfo;\n      aggregate?: ArrayAggOptions;\n    },\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get outputType(): TypeInfo | undefined {\n    return this.opts.outputType;\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean | undefined {\n    switch (this.name) {\n      case \"count\":\n        return false;\n      case \"sum\":\n      case \"avg\":\n      case \"min\":\n      case \"max\":\n      case \"array_agg\":\n      case \"string_agg\":\n        return true;\n      case \"coalesce\":\n        // Only the fallback is independent of an outer query's LEFT joins.\n        return this.args[1]?.sqlNullable === false ? false : undefined;\n      default:\n        return undefined;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Renders function arguments, aggregate ordering, and the filter in SQL binding order.\n   * Keep references from all three so aggregate-only joins are retained.\n   */\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const args = joinFragments(\n      this.args.map((a) => a.toSql(ctx)),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const ordering = joinFragments(\n      (this.opts.aggregate?.orderBy ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {\n        if (entry === undefined) return [];\n        const fragment = orderByToSql(entry, ctx);\n        return fragment ? [fragment] : [];\n      }),\n      \", \",\n    );\n    const filter = this.opts.aggregate?.filter;\n    const condition = filter === undefined ? undefined : ctx.conditionToSql(filter);\n    return {\n      sql: `${this.name}(${this.opts.prefix ?? \"\"}${args.sql}${ordering.sql ? ` ORDER BY ${ordering.sql}` : \"\"})${condition ? ` FILTER (WHERE ${condition.sql})` : \"\"}${this.opts.suffix ?? \"\"}`,\n      bindings: [...args.bindings, ...ordering.bindings, ...(condition?.bindings ?? [])],\n      refs: [...args.refs, ...ordering.refs, ...(condition?.refs ?? [])],\n    };\n  }\n\n  decode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    if (value === null || value === undefined) return value;\n    return this.opts.decode ? this.opts.decode(value) : value;\n  }\n\n  encode(value: unknown): unknown {\n    return this.opts.encode ? this.opts.encode(value) : this.args[0].encode(value);\n  }\n}\n\n/** A bound literal, i.e. the `?` in `coalesce(x, ?)`. */\nexport class BindingExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(private value: unknown) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlNullable(): boolean {\n    return this.value === null || this.value === undefined;\n  }\n\n  toSql(): SqlFragment {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [this.value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** An unmodeled column on a known source, i.e. `sql.ref(a, \"ts_search\")`; untracked at the type level. */\nexport class RefExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private handle: object,\n    private column: string,\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  get sqlSource(): object {\n    return this.handle;\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const alias = ctx.aliasFor(this.handle);\n    // safeKq for both halves: sql.ref takes user strings, and a subquery alias is its `as` name\n    return { sql: `${safeKq(alias)}.${safeKq(this.column)}`, bindings: [], refs: [alias] };\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A `sql` tagged template.\n *\n * For an Author table `a` assigned the SQL alias `a1`:\n *\n * ```ts\n * sql`${a.age} * 2`     // Expression: a1.age * 2\n * sql`${a.age.gte(18)}` // Condition: (a1.age >= ?), bindings [18]\n * sql`${\"Alice\"}`      // Value: ?, bindings [\"Alice\"]\n * ```\n */\nexport class TemplateExpr extends BaseExpr {\n  constructor(\n    private strings: TemplateStringsArray,\n    private values: unknown[],\n  ) {\n    super();\n  }\n\n  toSql(ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n    const parts: SqlFragment[] = [];\n    this.strings.forEach((s, i) => {\n      parts.push({ sql: s, bindings: [], refs: [] });\n      if (i < this.values.length) parts.push(interpolationToSql(this.values[i], ctx));\n    });\n    return joinFragments(parts, \"\");\n  }\n}\n\n/** Turns one `${...}` of a `sql` template into SQL: an expression, a condition, or a bound value. */\nexport function interpolationToSql(value: unknown, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment {\n  if (isExpr(value)) {\n    return asNode(value).toSql(ctx);\n  } else if (isConditionLike(value)) {\n    return ctx.conditionToSql(value as SqlCondition) ?? { sql: \"true\", bindings: [], refs: [] };\n  } else {\n    return { sql: \"?\", bindings: [value], refs: [] };\n  }\n}\n\n/** True for the user-facing condition shapes: `{ and }`, `{ or }`, `ColumnCondition`, `RawCondition`. */\nexport function isConditionLike(value: unknown): boolean {\n  if (typeof value !== \"object\" || value === null) return false;\n  const v = value as any;\n  return \"and\" in v || \"or\" in v || v.kind === \"column\" || v.kind === \"raw\" || v.kind === \"exists\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves the SQL result type of supported numeric aggregates; other overloads remain unknown.\n *\n * I.e. `a.age.sum()` has `dbType: \"int8\"` and Number conversion, while `a.age` has `dbType: \"int4\"`\n * and identity conversion. Their number domains agree, but SQL types reject a union in either order.\n */\nfunction numericAggregateOutputType(name: \"sum\" | \"avg\", outputType: TypeInfo | undefined): TypeInfo | undefined {\n  switch (outputType?.dbType) {\n    case \"int2\":\n    case \"int4\":\n      return { dbType: name === \"sum\" ? \"int8\" : \"numeric\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"int8\":\n    case \"numeric\":\n      return { dbType: \"numeric\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"float4\":\n      return { dbType: name === \"sum\" ? \"float4\" : \"float8\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    case \"float8\":\n      return { dbType: \"float8\", domain: Number, arrayElementSafe: true };\n    default:\n      return undefined;\n  }\n}\n\n/** Only known MIN/MAX overloads have predictable output types; varchar/name use the text overload. */\nfunction minMaxOutputType(outputType: TypeInfo | undefined): TypeInfo | undefined {\n  switch (outputType?.dbType) {\n    case \"varchar\":\n    case \"name\":\n      return { ...outputType, dbType: \"text\" };\n    case \"int2\":\n    case \"int4\":\n    case \"int8\":\n    case \"numeric\":\n    case \"float4\":\n    case \"float8\":\n    case \"text\":\n    case \"bpchar\":\n    case \"date\":\n    case \"time\":\n    case \"timetz\":\n    case \"timestamp\":\n    case \"timestamptz\":\n    case \"interval\":\n    case \"money\":\n    case \"inet\":\n      return outputType;\n    default:\n      return undefined;\n  }\n}\n\n/** Decodes `count`/`sum`/`avg` results, which Postgres returns as strings for bigint/numeric. */\nfunction decodeNumber(value: unknown): unknown {\n  return typeof value === \"string\" ? Number(value) : value;\n}\n\n/** Renders an expression order for either a query or an aggregate, or prunes an undefined order. */\nexport function orderByToSql(o: ExpressionOrderBy, ctx: ExprContext): SqlFragment | undefined {\n  if (!(o.sort instanceof BaseExpr)) {\n    return fail(\"orderBy must be an expression, i.e. a table column, aggregate, sql`...`, or scalar query(...)\");\n  }\n  if (Object.keys(o).some((key) => key !== \"sort\" && key !== \"order\" && key !== \"nulls\")) {\n    return fail(\"Expression orderBy entries only accept sort, order, and nulls\");\n  }\n  if (o.order === undefined) return undefined;\n  if (o.order !== \"ASC\" && o.order !== \"DESC\") {\n    return fail(`Invalid orderBy direction '${o.order}'`);\n  }\n  // `nulls` is interpolated into the SQL, so never trust it, i.e. it might cross an `any` boundary\n  if (o.nulls !== undefined && o.nulls !== \"first\" && o.nulls !== \"last\") {\n    return fail(`Invalid orderBy nulls '${o.nulls}'`);\n  }\n  const fragment = o.sort.toSql(ctx);\n  const nulls = o.nulls ? ` NULLS ${o.nulls.toUpperCase()}` : \"\";\n  return { ...fragment, sql: `${fragment.sql} ${o.order}${nulls}` };\n}\n\nfunction identity(value: unknown): unknown {\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction fail(message: string): never {\n  throw new 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package/build/expressions/case.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Object.defineProperty(exports, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: "Module" });
+const require_Expr = require("../Expr.cjs");
+const require_expressions_parseExpression = require("./parseExpression.cjs");
+const require_expressions_expression = require("./expression.cjs");
+//#region src/expressions/case.ts
+/**
+* Parses WHEN entries and an optional final ELSE into a ParsedCaseExpression.
+* Requires at least one WHEN, even if its condition may later be pruned.
+*/
+function parseCaseExpression(input) {
+	const entries = Array.isArray(input) ? input : [input];
+	const whens = [];
+	let fallback;
+	for (const [i, entry] of entries.entries()) if (require_expressions_parseExpression.isObject(entry) && "else" in entry) {
+		require_expressions_parseExpression.checkKeys(entry, ["else"]);
+		if (whens.length === 0) throw new Error("CASE needs a WHEN arm before ELSE");
+		if (i !== entries.length - 1) throw new Error("CASE ELSE must be last");
+		fallback = require_expressions_parseExpression.parseExpression(entry.else);
+	} else {
+		if (!require_expressions_parseExpression.isObject(entry) || !("when" in entry) || !("then" in entry)) throw new Error("A CASE arm needs when and then");
+		require_expressions_parseExpression.checkKeys(entry, ["when", "then"]);
+		whens.push({
+			when: entry.when,
+			then: require_expressions_parseExpression.parseExpression(entry.then)
+		});
+	}
+	if (whens.length === 0) throw new Error("CASE needs at least one arm");
+	const [first, ...rest] = whens;
+	return {
+		kind: "case",
+		whens: [first, ...rest],
+		else: fallback
+	};
+}
+/** Removes CASE entries with omitted conditions, falling back to ELSE or SQL NULL if none remain. */
+function caseToSql(parsed, ctx, codec) {
+	const parts = [];
+	for (const entry of parsed.whens) {
+		const when = entry.when === void 0 ? void 0 : ctx.conditionToSql(entry.when);
+		if (!when) continue;
+		const branch = require_Expr.joinFragments([when, require_expressions_expression.expressionToSql(entry.then, ctx, codec)], " THEN ");
+		parts.push({
+			...branch,
+			sql: `WHEN ${branch.sql}`
+		});
+	}
+	const otherwise = require_expressions_expression.expressionToSql(parsed.else ?? {
+		kind: "literal",
+		value: null
+	}, ctx, codec);
+	if (parts.length === 0) return otherwise;
+	if (parsed.else) parts.push({
+		...otherwise,
+		sql: `ELSE ${otherwise.sql}`
+	});
+	const body = require_Expr.joinFragments(parts, " ");
+	return {
+		...body,
+		sql: `(CASE ${body.sql} END)`
+	};
+}
+/** CASE is definitely non-null only when every THEN value and the ELSE value are non-null. */
+function caseNullable(parsed) {
+	return parsed.else && require_expressions_expression.expressionNullable(parsed.else) === false && parsed.whens.every((entry) => require_expressions_expression.expressionNullable(entry.then) === false) ? false : void 0;
+}
+//#endregion
+exports.caseNullable = caseNullable;
+exports.caseToSql = caseToSql;
+exports.parseCaseExpression = parseCaseExpression;
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=case.cjs.map

package/build/expressions/case.cjs.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"case.cjs","names":["isObject","parseExpression","joinFragments","expressionToSql","expressionNullable"],"sources":["../../src/expressions/case.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { type ExprContext, type SqlFragment, joinFragments } from \"../Expr.ts\";\nimport type { QueryCondition } from \"../query.ts\";\nimport { expressionNullable, expressionToSql } from \"./expression.ts\";\nimport { checkKeys, isObject, parseExpression } from \"./parseExpression.ts\";\nimport type { CheckExpression, ParsedExpression, ResultCodec } from \"./types.ts\";\n\n/** One condition and the value to return when it is true. */\nexport interface CaseWhen {\n  readonly when: QueryCondition | undefined;\n  readonly then: unknown;\n  readonly else?: never;\n}\n\n/** The fallback value, allowed only as the last entry in a CASE array. */\nexport interface CaseElse {\n  readonly else: unknown;\n  readonly when?: never;\n  readonly then?: never;\n}\n\n/** A single WHEN or an ordered array of WHEN entries with an optional final ELSE. */\nexport interface CaseInput {\n  readonly case: CaseWhen | readonly (CaseWhen | CaseElse)[];\n}\n\n/** The values returned by CASE's THEN and ELSE entries. */\nexport type CaseArmValue<A> = A extends readonly unknown[]\n  ? CaseArmValue<A[number]>\n  : A extends { readonly then: infer V }\n    ? V\n    : A extends { readonly else: infer V }\n      ? V\n      : never;\n\n/** A single CASE entry must be WHEN; an array can also have a final ELSE. */\nexport type CheckCase<A, R> = A extends readonly []\n  ? \"CASE needs at least one arm\"\n  : A extends readonly unknown[]\n    ? { readonly [K in keyof A]: CheckCaseEntry<A[K], R> } & CheckCaseOrder<A>\n    : A extends CaseWhen\n      ? CheckCaseEntry<A, R>\n      : never;\n\n/** Checks THEN/ELSE values and rejects extra keys on an entry. */\ntype CheckCaseEntry<A, R> = A extends CaseWhen\n  ? { readonly [K in keyof A]: K extends \"then\" ? CheckExpression<A[K], R> : K extends \"when\" ? unknown : never }\n  : A extends CaseElse\n    ? { readonly [K in keyof A]: K extends \"else\" ? CheckExpression<A[K], R> : never }\n    : never;\n\n/** Fixed CASE arrays can be checked now; dynamic arrays get the same checks at runtime. */\ntype CheckCaseOrder<A extends readonly unknown[], HasWhen extends boolean = false> = A extends readonly [\n  infer H,\n  ...infer T,\n]\n  ? H extends { readonly else: unknown }\n    ? HasWhen extends true\n      ? T extends readonly []\n        ? unknown\n        : \"CASE ELSE must be last\"\n      : \"CASE needs a WHEN arm before ELSE\"\n    : CheckCaseOrder<T, true>\n  : unknown;\n\n/** A CASE has at least one WHEN and an optional ELSE; no ELSE means SQL NULL. */\nexport interface ParsedCaseExpression {\n  kind: \"case\";\n  whens: [ParsedCaseWhen, ...ParsedCaseWhen[]];\n  else?: ParsedExpression;\n}\n\n/** A CASE condition and its parsed result expression. */\ninterface ParsedCaseWhen {\n  when: QueryCondition | undefined;\n  then: ParsedExpression;\n}\n\n/**\n * Parses WHEN entries and an optional final ELSE into a ParsedCaseExpression.\n * Requires at least one WHEN, even if its condition may later be pruned.\n */\nexport function parseCaseExpression(input: unknown): ParsedCaseExpression {\n  const entries = Array.isArray(input) ? input : [input];\n  const whens: ParsedCaseWhen[] = [];\n  let fallback: ParsedExpression | undefined;\n  for (const [i, entry] of entries.entries()) {\n    if (isObject(entry) && \"else\" in entry) {\n      checkKeys(entry, [\"else\"]);\n      if (whens.length === 0) throw new Error(\"CASE needs a WHEN arm before ELSE\");\n      if (i !== entries.length - 1) throw new Error(\"CASE ELSE must be last\");\n      fallback = parseExpression(entry.else);\n    } else {\n      if (!isObject(entry) || !(\"when\" in entry) || !(\"then\" in entry))\n        throw new Error(\"A CASE arm needs when and then\");\n      checkKeys(entry, [\"when\", \"then\"]);\n      whens.push({ when: entry.when as QueryCondition | undefined, then: parseExpression(entry.then) });\n    }\n  }\n  if (whens.length === 0) throw new Error(\"CASE needs at least one arm\");\n  const [first, ...rest] = whens;\n  return { kind: \"case\", whens: [first, ...rest], else: fallback };\n}\n\n/** Removes CASE entries with omitted conditions, falling back to ELSE or SQL NULL if none remain. */\nexport function caseToSql(parsed: ParsedCaseExpression, ctx: ExprContext, codec: ResultCodec): SqlFragment {\n  const parts: SqlFragment[] = [];\n  for (const entry of parsed.whens) {\n    const when = entry.when === undefined ? undefined : ctx.conditionToSql(entry.when);\n    if (!when) continue;\n    const branch = joinFragments([when, expressionToSql(entry.then, ctx, codec)], \" THEN \");\n    parts.push({ ...branch, sql: `WHEN ${branch.sql}` });\n  }\n  const otherwise = expressionToSql(parsed.else ?? { kind: \"literal\", value: null }, ctx, codec);\n  if (parts.length === 0) return otherwise;\n  if (parsed.else) parts.push({ ...otherwise, sql: `ELSE ${otherwise.sql}` });\n  const body = joinFragments(parts, \" \");\n  return { ...body, sql: `(CASE ${body.sql} END)` };\n}\n\n/** CASE is definitely non-null only when every THEN value and the ELSE value are non-null. */\nexport function caseNullable(parsed: ParsedCaseExpression): boolean | undefined {\n  return parsed.else &&\n    expressionNullable(parsed.else) === false &&\n    parsed.whens.every((entry) => expressionNullable(entry.then) === false)\n    ? false\n    : undefined;\n}\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;AAiFA,SAAgB,oBAAoB,OAAsC;CACxE,MAAM,UAAU,MAAM,QAAQ,KAAK,IAAI,QAAQ,CAAC,KAAK;CACrD,MAAM,QAA0B,CAAC;CACjC,IAAI;CACJ,KAAK,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,UAAU,QAAQ,QAAQ,GACvC,IAAIA,oCAAAA,SAAS,KAAK,KAAK,UAAU,OAAO;EACtC,oCAAA,UAAU,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;EACzB,IAAI,MAAM,WAAW,GAAG,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,mCAAmC;EAC3E,IAAI,MAAM,QAAQ,SAAS,GAAG,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,wBAAwB;EACtE,WAAWC,oCAAAA,gBAAgB,MAAM,IAAI;CACvC,OAAO;EACL,IAAI,CAACD,oCAAAA,SAAS,KAAK,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,UAAU,EAAE,UAAU,QACxD,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,gCAAgC;EAClD,oCAAA,UAAU,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,MAAM,CAAC;EACjC,MAAM,KAAK;GAAE,MAAM,MAAM;GAAoC,MAAMC,oCAAAA,gBAAgB,MAAM,IAAI;EAAE,CAAC;CAClG;CAEF,IAAI,MAAM,WAAW,GAAG,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,6BAA6B;CACrE,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,QAAQ;CACzB,OAAO;EAAE,MAAM;EAAQ,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,IAAI;EAAG,MAAM;CAAS;AACjE;;AAGA,SAAgB,UAAU,QAA8B,KAAkB,OAAiC;CACzG,MAAM,QAAuB,CAAC;CAC9B,KAAK,MAAM,SAAS,OAAO,OAAO;EAChC,MAAM,OAAO,MAAM,SAAS,KAAA,IAAY,KAAA,IAAY,IAAI,eAAe,MAAM,IAAI;EACjF,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM;EACX,MAAM,SAASC,aAAAA,cAAc,CAAC,MAAMC,+BAAAA,gBAAgB,MAAM,MAAM,KAAK,KAAK,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ;EACtF,MAAM,KAAK;GAAE,GAAG;GAAQ,KAAK,QAAQ,OAAO;EAAM,CAAC;CACrD;CACA,MAAM,YAAYA,+BAAAA,gBAAgB,OAAO,QAAQ;EAAE,MAAM;EAAW,OAAO;CAAK,GAAG,KAAK,KAAK;CAC7F,IAAI,MAAM,WAAW,GAAG,OAAO;CAC/B,IAAI,OAAO,MAAM,MAAM,KAAK;EAAE,GAAG;EAAW,KAAK,QAAQ,UAAU;CAAM,CAAC;CAC1E,MAAM,OAAOD,aAAAA,cAAc,OAAO,GAAG;CACrC,OAAO;EAAE,GAAG;EAAM,KAAK,SAAS,KAAK,IAAI;CAAO;AAClD;;AAGA,SAAgB,aAAa,QAAmD;CAC9E,OAAO,OAAO,QACZE,+BAAAA,mBAAmB,OAAO,IAAI,MAAM,SACpC,OAAO,MAAM,OAAO,UAAUA,+BAAAA,mBAAmB,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,KAAK,IACpE,QACA,KAAA;AACN"}