jj 2.8.0 → 3.0.0-rc.3

package/lib/bundle.cjs

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ var __accessCheck = (obj, member, msg) => member.has(obj) || __typeError("Cannot
 var __privateGet = (obj, member, getter) => (__accessCheck(obj, member, "read from private field"), getter ? getter.call(obj) : member.get(obj));
 var __privateAdd = (obj, member, value) => member.has(obj) ? __typeError("Cannot add the same private member more than once") : member instanceof WeakSet ? member.add(obj) : member.set(obj, value);
 var __privateSet = (obj, member, value, setter) => (__accessCheck(obj, member, "write to private field"), setter ? setter.call(obj, value) : member.set(obj, value), value);
-var __privateMethod = (obj, member, method) => (__accessCheck(obj, member, "access private method"), method);
 
 // src/index.ts
 var src_exports = {};
@@ -33,159 +32,48 @@ __export(src_exports, {
   JJE: () => JJE,
   JJET: () => JJET,
   JJHE: () => JJHE,
+  JJME: () => JJME,
   JJN: () => JJN,
   JJSE: () => JJSE,
   JJSR: () => JJSR,
   JJT: () => JJT,
-  ShadowMaster: () => ShadowMaster,
-  addLinkPre: () => addLinkPre,
   attr2prop: () => attr2prop,
-  createLinkPre: () => createLinkPre,
-  cssToStyle: () => cssToStyle,
-  doc: () => doc,
-  fetchCss: () => fetchCss,
-  fetchHtml: () => fetchHtml,
+  customEvent: () => customEvent,
+  defineComponent: () => defineComponent,
   fetchStyle: () => fetchStyle,
-  fetchText: () => fetchText,
-  fileExt: () => fileExt,
-  h: () => h,
-  keb2cam: () => keb2cam,
-  keb2pas: () => keb2pas,
-  nextAnimationFrame: () => nextAnimationFrame,
-  pas2keb: () => pas2keb,
-  registerComponent: () => registerComponent,
-  sleep: () => sleep
+  fetchTemplate: () => fetchTemplate
 });
 module.exports = __toCommonJS(src_exports);
 
-// node_modules/jty/lib/misc.js
-function isDef(x) {
-  return x !== void 0;
-}
-function isFn(x) {
-  return typeof x === "function";
-}
-
-// node_modules/jty/lib/number.js
-var { isNaN, isFinite, isInteger } = Number;
-function isNum(x) {
-  return typeof x === "number" && !isNaN(x);
-}
-function inRange(x, min, max) {
-  if (!isNum(x)) {
-    throw new TypeError(`inRange(): "x" must be a number. Got ${x} (${typeof x})`);
-  }
-  if (isDef(min)) {
-    if (!isNum(min)) {
-      throw new TypeError(`inRange(): "min" must be a number. Got ${min} (${typeof min})`);
-    }
-    if (isDef(max)) {
-      if (!isNum(max)) {
-        throw new TypeError(`inRange(): "max" must be a number. Got ${max} (${typeof max})`);
-      }
-      if (min > max) {
-        return max <= x && x <= min;
-      }
-      return min <= x && x <= max;
-    }
-    return x >= min;
-  } else if (isDef(max)) {
-    if (!isNum(max)) {
-      throw new TypeError(`inRange(): "max" must be a number. Got ${max} (${typeof max})`);
-    }
-    return x <= max;
-  }
-  throw new TypeError(`inRange(): expected at least min or max to be defined. Got min=${min} and max=${max}`);
-}
-
-// node_modules/jty/lib/array.js
-var { isArray } = Array;
-function isArr(x, minLen = 0, maxLen) {
-  return isArray(x) && inRange(x.length, minLen, maxLen);
-}
-
-// node_modules/jty/lib/object.js
-var { hasOwnProperty } = Object;
-function isObj(x) {
-  return Boolean(x) && typeof x === "object";
-}
-function isA(x, classConstructor) {
-  if (!isFn(classConstructor)) {
-    throw new TypeError(`Expected a constructor function. Got ${classConstructor} (${typeof classConstructor})`);
-  }
-  return x instanceof classConstructor;
+// src/internal.ts
+var NS = "http://www.w3.org/";
+var MATHML_NS = NS + "1998/Math/MathML";
+var SVG_NS = NS + "2000/svg";
+function errMsg(varName, expected, received, extra) {
+  const ret = `Expected '${varName}' to be ${expected}. Got ${received} (${typeof received})`;
+  return extra ? `${ret}.
+${extra}` : ret;
 }
-function hasProp(x, ...propNames) {
-  if (!isObj(x)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  for (let propName of propNames) {
-    if (!(propName in x)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
+function typeErr(varName, expected, received, extra) {
+  return new TypeError(errMsg(varName, expected, received, extra));
 }
-
-// node_modules/jty/lib/string.js
 function isStr(x) {
   return typeof x === "string";
 }
-
-// node_modules/jty/lib/same.js
-var { hasOwnProperty: hasOwnProperty2 } = Object;
-var { isArray: isArray2 } = Array;
-
-// src/internal.ts
-function errMsg(varName, expected, received) {
-  return `Expected '${varName}' to be ${expected}. Got ${received} (${typeof received})`;
-}
-function typeErr(varName, expected, received) {
-  return new TypeError(errMsg(varName, expected, received));
-}
-
-// src/util.ts
-function fileExt(path) {
-  if (!isStr(path)) {
-    throw typeErr("path", "a string", path);
-  }
-  const lastDotIndex = path.lastIndexOf(".");
-  if (lastDotIndex === -1) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  const ext = path.slice(lastDotIndex + 1);
-  if (ext.indexOf("/") !== -1) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  return ext.toLowerCase().trim();
-}
-function nextAnimationFrame() {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(resolve));
-}
-function sleep(ms = 0) {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+function isNum(x) {
+  return typeof x === "number" && !Number.isNaN(x);
 }
-async function cssToStyle(css) {
-  const sheet = new CSSStyleSheet();
-  return await sheet.replace(css);
+function isObj(x) {
+  return typeof x === "object" && x !== null && Object.getPrototypeOf(x) === Object.prototype;
 }
-
-// src/case.ts
-function pas2keb(str) {
-  if (!isStr(str)) {
-    throw typeErr("str", "a string", str);
-  }
-  if (/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/.test(str)) {
-    throw new SyntaxError(errMsg("str", "alphanumeric characters and underscores", str));
+function isInstance(x, classConstructor) {
+  if (typeof classConstructor !== "function") {
+    throw typeErr("classConstructor", "a constructor function", classConstructor);
   }
-  return str.replace(/([a-z0-9])([A-Z])/g, "$1-$2").replace(/([A-Z])([A-Z][a-z])/g, "$1-$2").replace(/_/g, "-").toLowerCase();
+  return x instanceof classConstructor;
 }
-function keb2pas(str) {
-  if (!isStr(str)) {
-    throw typeErr("str", "a string", str);
-  }
-  return str.split("-").filter(Boolean).map((word) => word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1)).join("") || // Handle strings that were not kebab-case to begin with (e.g. 'single', 'camelCase')
-  (str.length > 0 ? str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1) : "");
+function hasProp(x, propName) {
+  return x !== null && typeof x === "object" && propName in x;
 }
 function keb2cam(str) {
   if (!isStr(str)) {
@@ -193,30 +81,68 @@ function keb2cam(str) {
   }
   return str.replace(/^-+|-+$/g, "").replace(/-+([a-z])/g, (g, c) => c.toUpperCase());
 }
+function toStr(x) {
+  switch (typeof x) {
+    case "string":
+      return x;
+    case "object":
+      if (x === null) {
+        return "null";
+      }
+      try {
+        return JSON.stringify(x);
+      } catch {
+        return String(x);
+      }
+    case "function":
+      return x.toString();
+    default:
+      return String(x);
+  }
+}
 
 // src/wrappers/JJET.ts
-var _ref, _boundHandlers, _JJET_instances, getBoundHandler_fn;
+function customEvent(type, detail, options) {
+  if (!isStr(type)) {
+    throw typeErr("eventName", "a string", type, 'Pass an event name like "todo-toggle".');
+  }
+  return new CustomEvent(type, {
+    bubbles: true,
+    composed: true,
+    ...options,
+    detail
+  });
+}
+var _ref;
 var _JJET = class _JJET {
   /**
    * Creates a JJET instance.
    *
    * @param ref - The EventTarget to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not an EventTarget.
+   * @see {@link JJET.from} for the factory form.
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    __privateAdd(this, _JJET_instances);
     __privateAdd(this, _ref);
-    __privateAdd(this, _boundHandlers, /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap());
-    if (!isA(ref, EventTarget)) {
-      throw new TypeError(`JJET expects an EventTarget instance. Got ${ref} (${typeof ref}). `);
+    if (!isInstance(ref, EventTarget)) {
+      throw typeErr("ref", "an EventTarget instance", ref);
     }
     __privateSet(this, _ref, ref);
   }
+  /**
+   * Creates a JJET instance from an EventTarget reference.
+   *
+   * @param ref - The EventTarget instance.
+   * @returns A new JJET instance.
+   * @see {@link constructor} for input validation behavior.
+   */
   static from(ref) {
     return new _JJET(ref);
   }
   /**
    * Gets the underlying DOM object.
+   *
+   * @see {@link run} for fluent callbacks that can also access this same wrapped target.
    */
   get ref() {
     return __privateGet(this, _ref);
@@ -224,16 +150,25 @@ var _JJET = class _JJET {
   /**
    * Adds an event listener.
    *
-   * @remarks
-   * The handler is automatically bound to this JJET instance, so `this` inside the handler
-   * refers to the JJET instance, not the DOM element. To access the DOM element, use `this.ref`.
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const onResize = () => {
+   *     console.log('resized')
+   * }
+   *
+   * JJET.from(window).on('resize', onResize)
+   * ```
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * JJET.from(window).on('resize', function() {
-   *   console.log(this) // JJET instance
-   *   console.log(this.ref) // window object
-   * })
+   * const target = {
+   *     count: 0,
+   *     increment() {
+   *         this.count++
+   *     },
+   * }
+   *
+   * JJET.from(window).on('click', target.increment.bind(target))
    * ```
    * @param eventName - The name of the event.
    * @param handler - The event handler.
@@ -242,8 +177,7 @@ var _JJET = class _JJET {
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget/addEventListener | EventTarget.addEventListener}
    */
   on(eventName, handler, options) {
-    const boundHandler = __privateMethod(this, _JJET_instances, getBoundHandler_fn).call(this, handler);
-    this.ref.addEventListener(eventName, boundHandler, options);
+    this.ref.addEventListener(eventName, handler, options);
     return this;
   }
   /**
@@ -254,10 +188,15 @@ var _JJET = class _JJET {
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * const handler = function() { console.log(this) }
-   * JJET.from(window).on('resize', handler)
-   * JJET.from(window).off('resize', handler)
+   * const onResize = () => {
+   *     console.log('resized')
+   * }
+   *
+   * const win = JJET.from(window)
+   * win.on('resize', onResize)
+   * win.off('resize', onResize)
    * ```
+   *
    * @param eventName - The name of the event.
    * @param handler - The event handler.
    * @param options - Optional event listener options or boolean.
@@ -265,8 +204,7 @@ var _JJET = class _JJET {
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget/removeEventListener | EventTarget.removeEventListener}
    */
   off(eventName, handler, options) {
-    const boundHandler = __privateMethod(this, _JJET_instances, getBoundHandler_fn).call(this, handler);
-    this.ref.removeEventListener(eventName, boundHandler, options);
+    this.ref.removeEventListener(eventName, handler, options);
     return this;
   }
   /**
@@ -281,54 +219,70 @@ var _JJET = class _JJET {
     return this;
   }
   /**
-   * Runs a function in the context of this JJET instance.
+   * Creates and dispatches a `CustomEvent` on the wrapped target.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This is a convenience wrapper around {@link trigger} for the common case of
+   * dispatching a payload-bearing custom event.
    *
+   * The created event defaults to `bubbles: true` and `composed: true`.
+   * Pass `options` to override those defaults.
+   *
+   * @param eventName - The event type name.
+   * @param detail - Optional payload exposed as `event.detail`.
+   * @param options - Additional `CustomEvent` options excluding `detail`.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `eventName` is not a string.
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * node.run(function() {
-   *   console.log(this.ref)
-   * })
+   * JJET.from(window).triggerCustomEvent('panel-ready', { id: '123' })
    * ```
-   * @remarks
-   * If you want to access the current JJ* instance using `this` keyword, you SHOULD use a `function` not an arrow function.
-   * If the function throws, `run()` doesn't swallow the exception.
-   * So if you're expecting an error, make sure to wrap it in a `try..catch` block and handle the exception.
-   * If the function returns a promise, you can `await` on the response.
    *
-   * @param fn - The function to run. `this` inside the function will refer to this JJET instance.
-   * @param args - Arguments to pass to the function.
-   * @returns The return value of the function.
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * JJET.from(this).triggerCustomEvent('todo-toggle', {
+   *     id: '123',
+   *     done: true,
+   * })
+   * ```
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CustomEvent/CustomEvent | CustomEvent()}
    */
-  run(fn, ...args) {
-    return fn.call(this, ...args);
+  triggerCustomEvent(eventName, detail, options) {
+    return this.trigger(customEvent(eventName, detail, options));
   }
-};
-_ref = new WeakMap();
-_boundHandlers = new WeakMap();
-_JJET_instances = new WeakSet();
-/**
- * Gets or creates a bound version of the handler.
- *
- * @remarks
- * Bound handlers are cached in a WeakMap to ensure `off()` can properly remove listeners.
- * When the original handler is garbage collected, the bound version is automatically removed.
- *
- * @param handler - The event handler to bind.
- * @returns The bound handler, or null if the input is null.
- */
-getBoundHandler_fn = function(handler) {
-  if (handler === null) return null;
-  let bound = __privateGet(this, _boundHandlers).get(handler);
-  if (!bound) {
-    if (typeof handler === "function") {
-      bound = handler.bind(this);
-    } else {
-      bound = { handleEvent: handler.handleEvent.bind(this) };
+  /**
+   * Runs a function in the context of this JJET instance.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * node
+   *   .run(function (context) {
+   *     console.log(this.ref)
+   *     console.log(context.ref)
+   *   })
+   *   .trigger(new Event('ready'))
+   * ```
+   * @remarks
+   * Use this to make synchronous adjustments while staying in a fluent chain.
+   * The callback return value is ignored.
+   * If you want to access the current JJ* instance using `this`, use a `function` rather than an arrow function.
+   *
+   * @param fn - The synchronous function to run. `this` inside the function will refer to this JJET instance, and the wrapped instance is also passed as the first argument.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link ref} for direct access to the wrapped native target.
+   * @see {@link on} for event listener chaining.
+   * @see {@link trigger} for dispatching events in-chain.
+   */
+  run(fn) {
+    try {
+      fn.call(this, this);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to run the function`, { cause });
     }
-    __privateGet(this, _boundHandlers).set(handler, bound);
+    return this;
   }
-  return bound;
 };
+_ref = new WeakMap();
 var JJET = _JJET;
 
 // src/wrappers/JJN-raw.ts
@@ -336,6 +290,12 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
   /**
    * Creates a JJN instance from a Node reference.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * For better type safety, use the specific wrapper type if you know the Node type:
+   * {@link JJHE} for HTMLElement, {@link JJSE} for SVGElement, {@link JJT} for Text, etc.
+   *
+   * Alternatively, use {@link JJN.wrap} to automatically determine and create the appropriate wrapper.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const node = JJN.from(document.createTextNode('hello'))
@@ -343,6 +303,7 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
    *
    * @param node - The Node instance.
    * @returns A new JJN instance.
+   * @see {@link JJN.wrap} for automatic wrapper selection
    */
   static from(node) {
     return new _JJN(node);
@@ -351,75 +312,76 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
    * Checks if a value can be passed to the `wrap()` or `unwrap()` function.
    *
    * @remarks
-   * This is useful for filtering the array that is passed to `append()`, `prepend()` or `setChildren()`
+   * This is useful for filtering the array that is passed to `append()`, `prepend()` or `setChildren()`.
+   * See {@link Wrappable} type for the full definition.
    *
    * @param x an unknown value
    * @returns true if `x` is a string, Node (or its descendent), JJN (or its descendent)
+   * @see {@link JJN.wrap} for converting Wrappable into wrappers.
+   * @see {@link JJN.unwrap} for converting Wrappable into native nodes.
    */
   static isWrappable(x) {
-    return isStr(x) || isA(x, Node) || isA(x, _JJN);
+    return isStr(x) || isInstance(x, Node) || isInstance(x, _JJN);
   }
   /**
    * Wraps a native DOM node or string into the most specific JJ wrapper available.
    *
    * @remarks
-   * This function acts as a factory, inspecting the input type and returning the appropriate
-   * subclass of `JJN` (e.g., `JJHE` for `HTMLElement`, `JJT` for `Text`).
-   * JJN.ts overrides this method to a richer version that handles all subclasses of JJN.
+   * This factory function acts as an intelligent wrapper, inspecting the input type and returning the appropriate
+   * subclass of `JJN` (e.g., `JJHE` for `HTMLElement`, `JJT` for `Text`, `JJSE` for `SVGElement`, etc.).
+   * Strings are automatically converted to Text nodes wrapped in `JJT`.
+   *
+   * If the input is already a JJ wrapper, it is returned unchanged (no double-wrapping).
+   * See the full implementation in src/wrappers/JJN.ts which extends this with support for internal wrapper types.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * const bodyWrapper = JJN.wrap(document.body) // Returns JJHE
+   * const bodyWrapper = JJN.wrap(document.body) // Returns JJHE<HTMLBodyElement>
    * const textWrapper = JJN.wrap('Hello') // Returns JJT wrapping a new Text node
+   * const existing = JJN.wrap(alreadyWrapped) // Returns alreadyWrapped unchanged
    * ```
    *
    * @param raw - The object to wrap. If it's already Wrapped, it'll be returned without any change. We don't double-wrap or clone it.
    * @returns The most granular Wrapped subclass instance. If the input is already wrapped, it'll be returned as is without cloning.
-   * @throws {TypeError} If the input is not a Node, string, or JJ wrapper.
+   * @see {@link JJN.from} for explicit base wrapper construction.
+   * @see {@link JJN.unwrap} for the reverse conversion.
    */
   static wrap(raw) {
-    if (isObj(raw)) {
-      if (isA(raw, _JJN)) {
-        return raw;
-      }
-      if (isA(raw, Node)) {
-        return new _JJN(raw);
-      }
+    if (isInstance(raw, _JJN)) {
+      return raw;
     }
-    throw typeErr("raw", "a Node", raw);
+    if (isInstance(raw, Node)) {
+      return new _JJN(raw);
+    }
+    return _JJN.from(document.createTextNode(toStr(raw)));
   }
   /**
    * Extracts the underlying native DOM node from a wrapper.
    *
    * @remarks
    * If the input is already a native Node, it is returned as is.
-   * If the input is a string, a new Text node is created and returned.
+   * If the input is a JJ wrapper, its underlying node is returned.
+   * Otherwise, the input is coerced into a Text node.
+   * Plain objects are stringified with JSON when possible, and fall back to `String(...)`.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const rawElement = JJN.unwrap(myJJHE) // Returns HTMLElement
    * ```
    *
-   * @param obj - The object to unwrap.
+   * @param obj - The value to unwrap.
    * @returns The underlying DOM node.
-   * @throws {TypeError} If the input cannot be unwrapped.
+   * @see {@link JJN.wrap} for the reverse conversion.
+   * @see {@link JJN.isWrappable} for pre-validation checks.
    */
   static unwrap(obj) {
-    if (isStr(obj)) {
-      return document.createTextNode(obj);
-    }
-    if (!isObj(obj)) {
-      throw new TypeError(`JJN.unwrap() expects a string, DOM Node, or JJ wrapper. Got ${obj} (${typeof obj}). `);
-    }
-    if (isA(obj, Node)) {
+    if (isInstance(obj, Node)) {
       return obj;
     }
-    if (isA(obj, _JJN)) {
+    if (isInstance(obj, _JJN)) {
       return obj.ref;
     }
-    throw new TypeError(
-      `Could not unwrap ${obj} (${typeof obj}). Expected a string, Node, or JJ wrapper. Make sure you're passing a valid DOM element or JJ wrapper.`
-    );
+    return document.createTextNode(toStr(obj));
   }
   /**
    * Wraps an iterable object (e.g. an array of wrapped or DOM elements).
@@ -431,6 +393,8 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
    *
    * @param iterable - The iterable to wrap.
    * @returns An array of wrapped instances.
+   * @see {@link JJN.wrap} for single-item wrapping.
+   * @see {@link JJN.unwrapAll} for the reverse iterable conversion.
    */
   static wrapAll(iterable) {
     return Array.from(iterable, _JJN.wrap);
@@ -445,6 +409,8 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
    *
    * @param iterable - The iterable to unwrap.
    * @returns An array of native DOM nodes.
+   * @see {@link JJN.unwrap} for single-item unwrapping.
+   * @see {@link JJN.wrapAll} for iterable wrapping.
    */
   static unwrapAll(iterable) {
     return Array.from(iterable, _JJN.unwrap);
@@ -454,15 +420,32 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
    *
    * @param ref - The Node to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not a Node.
+   * @see {@link JJN.from} for the factory form.
+   * @see {@link JJN.wrap} for automatic subtype wrapping.
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    if (!isA(ref, Node)) {
-      throw new TypeError(
-        `JJN expects a Node instance. Got ${ref} (${typeof ref}). Use JJN.from(node) with a DOM Node, or check that you're passing a valid DOM element.`
-      );
+    if (!isInstance(ref, Node)) {
+      throw typeErr("ref", "a DOM Node instance", ref);
     }
     super(ref);
   }
+  getParent(required = false) {
+    const { parentNode } = this.ref;
+    if (parentNode) {
+      return _JJN.wrap(parentNode);
+    }
+    if (required) {
+      throw new ReferenceError("Node has no parent. Did you forget to attach it to the document?");
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+  getChildren(required = false) {
+    const children = _JJN.wrapAll(this.ref.childNodes);
+    if (required && children.length === 0) {
+      throw new ReferenceError("Node has no children. Did you forget to initialize or append them?");
+    }
+    return children;
+  }
   /**
    * Clones the Node.
    *
@@ -473,6 +456,30 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
   clone(deep) {
     return _JJN.wrap(this.ref.cloneNode(deep));
   }
+  /**
+   * Removes this node from its parent.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * If the node has no parent, this method does nothing.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const doc = JJD.from(document)
+   * const el = JJHE.create('div')
+   * doc.find('body', true).addChild(el)
+   * el.rm()
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/removeChild | Node.removeChild}
+   */
+  rm() {
+    const { parentNode } = this.ref;
+    if (parentNode) {
+      parentNode.removeChild(this.ref);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
   /**
    * Creates a Text node from a string and appends it to this Node.
    *
@@ -483,9 +490,12 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
    * ```ts
    * el.addText('Hello ')
    * el.addText('World')
+   * // Behaves like document.createTextNode('Hello World') and appends it to el
+   * // Falsy values are converted to their string representation, except for empty string which is added as is.
+   * el.addText('Hello', '', 'world', null, undefined, '!!!') // Adds 6 text nodes with content 'Hello', '', 'world', 'null', 'undefined', and '!!!' respectively.
    * ```
    *
-   * @param text - The text to add. If null or undefined, nothing is added.
+   * @param textArr - The text to add. The actual text that's added follows the rules in document.createTextNode() which is basically what you get from String()
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTextNode | document.createTextNode}
    */
@@ -498,29 +508,17 @@ var JJN = class _JJN extends JJET {
 };
 
 // src/wrappers/JJNx.ts
+function notNullish(x) {
+  return x != null;
+}
 var JJNx = class extends JJN {
-  /**
-   * Finds the first element matching a selector within this Element.
-   *
-   * @example
-   * ```ts
-   * const span = el.find('span')  // Returns null if not found
-   * const span = el.find('span', true)  // Throws if not found
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param selector - The CSS selector.
-   * @param required - Whether to throw an error if not found. Defaults to false.
-   * @returns The wrapped element, or null if not found and required is false.
-   * @throws {TypeError} If selector is not a string or element not found and required is true.
-   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/querySelector | Element.querySelector}
-   */
   find(selector, required = false) {
     const queryResult = this.ref.querySelector(selector);
     if (queryResult) {
       return JJN.wrap(queryResult);
     }
     if (required) {
-      throw new TypeError(`No element matched query "${selector}"`);
+      throw new ReferenceError(`No element matched query "${selector}"`);
     }
     return null;
   }
@@ -545,58 +543,128 @@ var JJNx = class extends JJN {
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * el.addChild(h('span', null, 'hello'))
+   * el.addChild(JJHE.tree('span', null, 'hello'))
    * ```
    *
    * @remarks
-   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores any child that is not possible to `wrap()` (e.g. undefined, null, false).
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
    *
    * @param children - The children to append.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link addChildren} for the array-based form.
+   * @see {@link addChildMap} for mapping arrays into appended children.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/append | Element.append}
    */
   addChild(...children) {
-    const nodes = JJN.unwrapAll(children.filter(JJN.isWrappable));
+    const nodes = JJN.unwrapAll(children.filter(notNullish));
     this.ref.append(...nodes);
     return this;
   }
+  /**
+   * Appends an array of children to this Element.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This is the array-based companion to {@link addChild}.
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.addChildren([JJHE.tree('span', null, 'hello'), ' world'])
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param children - The children to append.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `children` is not an array.
+   * @see {@link addChild} for the variadic form.
+   * @see {@link addChildMap} for mapping arrays into appended children.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/append | Element.append}
+   */
+  addChildren(children) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(children)) {
+      throw typeErr("children", "an array of Wrappable", children);
+    }
+    return this.addChild(...children);
+  }
   /**
    * Prepends children to this Element.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * el.preChild(h('span', null, 'first'))
+   * el.preChild(JJHE.tree('span', null, 'first'))
    * ```
    *
    * @remarks
-   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores any child that is not possible to `wrap()` (e.g. undefined, null, false).
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
    *
    * @param children - The children to prepend.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link preChildren} for the array-based form.
+   * @see {@link preChildMap} for mapping arrays into prepended children.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/prepend | Element.prepend}
    */
   preChild(...children) {
-    const nodes = JJN.unwrapAll(children.filter(JJN.isWrappable));
+    const nodes = JJN.unwrapAll(children.filter(notNullish));
     this.ref.prepend(...nodes);
     return this;
   }
+  /**
+   * Prepends an array of children to this Element.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This is the array-based companion to {@link preChild}.
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.preChildren([JJHE.tree('span', null, 'first'), ' child'])
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param children - The children to prepend.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `children` is not an array.
+   * @see {@link preChild} for the variadic form.
+   * @see {@link preChildMap} for mapping arrays into prepended children.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/prepend | Element.prepend}
+   */
+  preChildren(children) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(children)) {
+      throw typeErr("children", "an array of Wrappable", children);
+    }
+    return this.preChild(...children);
+  }
   /**
    * Maps an array to children and appends them.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * node.addChildMap(['a', 'b'], item => h('li', null, item))
+   * node.addChildMap(['a', 'b'], item => JJHE.tree('li', null, item))
    * ```
    *
    * @remarks
-   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores any child that is not possible to `wrap()` (e.g. undefined, null, false).
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
    *
    * @param array - The source array.
    * @param mapFn - The mapping function returning a Wrappable.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `array` is not an array.
+   * @throws {Error} If mapping the array or appending the children fails.
+   * @see {@link addChild} for directly appending variadic children.
+   * @see {@link addChildren} for appending a pre-built array of children.
    */
   addChildMap(array, mapFn) {
-    return this.addChild(...array.map(mapFn));
+    if (!Array.isArray(array)) {
+      throw typeErr("array", "an array", array);
+    }
+    try {
+      return this.addChildren(array.map(mapFn));
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error("Failed to map array to children", { cause });
+    }
   }
   /**
    * Maps an array to children and prepends them.
@@ -607,35 +675,116 @@ var JJNx = class extends JJN {
    * ```
    *
    * @remarks
-   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores any child that is not possible to `wrap()` (e.g. undefined, null, false).
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
    *
    * @param array - The source array.
    * @param mapFn - The mapping function.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `array` is not an array.
+   * @throws {Error} If mapping the array or prepending the children fails.
+   * @see {@link preChild} for directly prepending variadic children.
+   * @see {@link preChildren} for prepending a pre-built array of children.
    */
   preChildMap(array, mapFn) {
-    return this.preChild(...array.map(mapFn));
+    if (!Array.isArray(array)) {
+      throw typeErr("array", "an array", array);
+    }
+    try {
+      return this.preChildren(array.map(mapFn));
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error("Failed to map array to children", { cause });
+    }
   }
   /**
-   * Replaces the existing children of an Element with a specified new set of children.
+   * Replaces the existing children of an Element with new children.
    *
    * @remarks
    * If no children are provided, it empties the Element.
-   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores any child that is not possible to `wrap()` (e.g. undefined, null, false).
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * el.setChildren(h('p', null, 'New Content'))
+   * el.setChild(JJHE.tree('p', null, 'New Content'))
    * ```
    * @param children - The children to replace with.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link setChildren} for the array-based form.
+   * @see {@link setChildMap} for mapping arrays into replacement children.
+   * @see {@link empty} for clearing all children.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/replaceChildren | Element.replaceChildren}
    */
-  setChildren(...children) {
-    const nodes = JJN.unwrapAll(children.filter(JJN.isWrappable));
-    this.ref.replaceChildren(...nodes);
+  setChild(...children) {
+    if (children.length === 0) {
+      this.ref.replaceChildren();
+    } else {
+      const nodes = JJN.unwrapAll(children.filter(notNullish));
+      this.ref.replaceChildren(...nodes);
+    }
     return this;
   }
+  /**
+   * Replaces the existing children of an Element with an array of children.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This is the array-based companion to {@link setChild}.
+   * Passing an empty array empties the Element.
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setChildren([JJHE.tree('p', null, 'New Content')])
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param children - The children to replace with.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `children` is not an array of Wrappable.
+   * @see {@link setChild} for the variadic form.
+   * @see {@link setChildMap} for mapping arrays into replacement children.
+   * @see {@link empty} for clearing all children.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/replaceChildren | Element.replaceChildren}
+   */
+  setChildren(children) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(children)) {
+      throw typeErr("children", "an array of Wrappable", children);
+    }
+    return this.setChild(...children);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Maps an array to children and replaces the existing children with the result.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This is the mapping companion to {@link setChildren}.
+   * To make template codes easier, this function ignores mapped nullish children (`null` and `undefined`).
+   * Other non-node values are coerced into Text nodes.
+   * Errors thrown by the mapping function or child replacement are wrapped with a higher-level error that preserves the original cause.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * node.setChildMap(['a', 'b'], item => JJHE.tree('li', null, item))
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param array - The source array.
+   * @param mapFn - The mapping function returning a Wrappable.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `array` is not an array of Wrappable.
+   * @throws {Error} If mapping the array or replacing the children fails.
+   * @see {@link setChildren} for replacing children from a pre-built array.
+   * @see {@link setChild} for the variadic replacement form.
+   * @see {@link empty} for clearing all children without replacements.
+   */
+  setChildMap(array, mapFn) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(array)) {
+      throw typeErr("array", "an array of Wrappable", array);
+    }
+    try {
+      return this.setChildren(array.map(mapFn));
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error("Failed to map array to children", { cause });
+    }
+  }
   /**
    * Removes all children from this Element.
    *
@@ -645,11 +794,79 @@ var JJNx = class extends JJN {
    * ```
    *
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link setChild} for replacing children with a variadic list.
+   * @see {@link setChildren} for replacing children with an array.
+   * @see {@link setChildMap} for replacing children from mapped input.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/replaceChildren | Element.setChildren}
    */
   empty() {
-    this.setChildren();
-    return this;
+    return this.setChild();
+  }
+  /**
+   * Clones and appends template-like input to this node.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Supports HTML strings, native template sources, native Nodes, and any JJ wrapper via {@link JJN}.
+   * Wrapper inputs are unwrapped and cloned before append.
+   *
+   * @param template - The template source to clone and append.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If the template type is unsupported or a Promise was passed.
+   * @see {@link setTemplate} for replacing existing children with a cloned template.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createRange | Document.createRange}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLTemplateElement | HTMLTemplateElement}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment | DocumentFragment}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement | HTMLElement}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/cloneNode | Node.cloneNode}
+   */
+  addTemplate(template) {
+    if (isStr(template)) {
+      return this.addChild(document.createRange().createContextualFragment(template));
+    }
+    if (isInstance(template, DocumentFragment) || isInstance(template, HTMLElement)) {
+      return this.addChild(
+        isInstance(template, HTMLTemplateElement) ? template.content.cloneNode(true) : template.cloneNode(true)
+      );
+    }
+    if (isInstance(template, Node)) {
+      return this.addChild(template.cloneNode(true));
+    }
+    if (isInstance(template, JJN)) {
+      return this.addTemplate(template.ref);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(template, Promise)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "template",
+        "not a Promise",
+        template,
+        "Templates must be provided synchronously. Did you forget to await?"
+      );
+    }
+    throw typeErr(
+      "template",
+      "a string, Node, DocumentFragment, HTMLElement, JJDF, or JJHE",
+      template,
+      "Pass an HTML string, a DOM template/fragment/element, or a JJ wrapper."
+    );
+  }
+  /**
+   * Clones and sets template-like input as the only children of this node.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Supports HTML strings, native template sources, native Nodes, and any JJ wrapper via {@link JJN}.
+   * Wrapper inputs are unwrapped and cloned before set.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setTemplate('<p>New Content</p>')
+   * ```
+   * @param template - The template source to clone and set.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link addTemplate}
+   * @see {@link empty} for clearing children without adding a replacement template.
+   */
+  setTemplate(template) {
+    return this.empty().addTemplate(template);
   }
 };
 
@@ -658,12 +875,15 @@ var JJDF = class _JJDF extends JJNx {
   /**
    * Creates a JJDF instance from a DocumentFragment reference.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Use {@link JJDF.create} to create a new empty DocumentFragment.
+   * For other Node types, use {@link JJN.from} or the specific wrapper type.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const frag = JJDF.from(myFrag)
    * ```
    *
-   *
    * @param ref - The DocumentFragment instance.
    * @returns A new JJDF instance.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment | DocumentFragment}
@@ -674,6 +894,9 @@ var JJDF = class _JJDF extends JJNx {
   /**
    * Creates a new empty JJDF instance (wraps a new DocumentFragment).
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * To wrap an existing DocumentFragment, use {@link JJDF.from}.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const frag = JJDF.create()
@@ -690,10 +913,12 @@ var JJDF = class _JJDF extends JJNx {
    *
    * @param ref - The DocumentFragment instance to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not a DocumentFragment.
+   * @see {@link JJDF.from} to wrap an existing fragment.
+   * @see {@link JJDF.create} to create a new empty fragment.
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    if (!isA(ref, DocumentFragment)) {
-      throw typeErr("ref", "a DocumentFragment", ref);
+    if (!isInstance(ref, DocumentFragment)) {
+      throw typeErr("ref", "a DocumentFragment", ref, "Use JJDF.from(documentFragment) to create an instance.");
     }
     super(ref);
   }
@@ -704,6 +929,10 @@ var JJSR = class _JJSR extends JJDF {
   /**
    * Creates a JJSR instance from a ShadowRoot reference.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Typically created via `element.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' })` and passed here to be wrapped.
+   * Inherits from {@link JJDF} (DocumentFragment), so you can use all fragment methods like `find()`, `findAll()`, etc.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const shadow = JJSR.from(element.shadowRoot)
@@ -711,6 +940,8 @@ var JJSR = class _JJSR extends JJDF {
    *
    * @param shadowRoot - The ShadowRoot instance.
    * @returns A new JJSR instance.
+   * @see {@link JJHE.setShadow} for attaching and initializing a shadow root from a host element.
+   * @see {@link JJSR.constructor} for validation behavior.
    */
   static from(shadowRoot) {
     return new _JJSR(shadowRoot);
@@ -720,15 +951,38 @@ var JJSR = class _JJSR extends JJDF {
    *
    * @param shadowRoot - The ShadowRoot to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `shadowRoot` is not a ShadowRoot.
+   * @see {@link JJSR.from} to wrap an existing ShadowRoot
    */
   constructor(shadowRoot) {
-    if (!isA(shadowRoot, ShadowRoot)) {
-      throw new TypeError(
-        `JJSR expects a ShadowRoot instance. Got ${shadowRoot} (${typeof shadowRoot}). Access a shadow root using element.shadowRoot after calling element.attachShadow().`
+    if (!isInstance(shadowRoot, ShadowRoot)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "shadowRoot",
+        "a ShadowRoot instance",
+        shadowRoot,
+        'Use JJHE.from(element).setShadow() or element.attachShadow({ mode: "open" }).'
       );
     }
     super(shadowRoot);
   }
+  /**
+   * Initializes the ShadowRoot with template content and optional styles.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * shadow.init('<p>Hello</p>', 'p { color: red; }')
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param template - The template content to clone into the shadow root.
+   * @param styles - Optional styles to add to the shadow root.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {Error} If the template or styles cannot be applied.
+   * @see {@link JJDF.addTemplate} for supported template inputs.
+   * @see {@link addStyle} for stylesheet handling.
+   */
+  init(template, ...styles) {
+    this.addTemplate(template).addStyle(...styles);
+    return this;
+  }
   /**
    * Gets the inner HTML of the ShadowRoot.
    *
@@ -763,19 +1017,46 @@ var JJSR = class _JJSR extends JJDF {
   /**
    * Adds constructed stylesheets to the ShadowRoot.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Although this function accepts CSS strings, it converts them to CSSStyleSheet synchronously which has a performance penalty.
+   * For better performance, create CSSStyleSheet instances in advance.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const sheet = new CSSStyleSheet()
    * sheet.replaceSync('p { color: red; }')
-   * shadow.addStyleSheets(sheet)
+   * shadow.addStyle(sheet)
    * ```
    *
-   * @param styleSheets - The stylesheets to add.
+   * @param styles - The stylesheets to add.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/ShadowRoot/adoptedStyleSheets | ShadowRoot.adoptedStyleSheets}
    */
-  addStyleSheets(...styleSheets) {
-    this.ref.adoptedStyleSheets.push(...styleSheets);
+  addStyle(...styles) {
+    if (styles.length) {
+      const cssStyleSheets = [];
+      try {
+        for (const sheet of styles) {
+          if (isInstance(sheet, CSSStyleSheet)) {
+            cssStyleSheets.push(sheet);
+          } else if (isStr(sheet)) {
+            const cssSheet = new CSSStyleSheet();
+            cssSheet.replaceSync(sheet);
+            cssStyleSheets.push(cssSheet);
+          } else {
+            throw typeErr(
+              "styleSheets",
+              "CSSStyleSheet instances or CSS strings",
+              sheet,
+              "Pass a CSS string or a stylesheet created with `new CSSStyleSheet()`."
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (cause) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to create CSSStyleSheet from provided styles.`, { cause });
+      }
+      this.ref.adoptedStyleSheets.push(...cssStyleSheets);
+    }
     return this;
   }
 };
@@ -785,6 +1066,10 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
   /**
    * Creates a JJE instance from an Element reference.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Use this factory method to wrap an existing Element. For creating new Elements,
+   * use the specific wrapper type: {@link JJHE.create}, {@link JJSE.create}, or {@link JJME.create}.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const el = JJE.from(document.querySelector('.my-class'))
@@ -792,6 +1077,9 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    *
    * @param ref - The Element instance.
    * @returns A new JJE instance.
+   * @see {@link JJHE.create} for creating HTMLElements
+   * @see {@link JJSE.create} for creating SVGElements
+   * @see {@link JJME.create} for creating MathMLElements
    */
   static from(ref) {
     return new _JJE(ref);
@@ -801,11 +1089,17 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    *
    * @param ref - The Element to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not an Element.
+   * @see {@link JJHE} for wrapping HTMLElements
+   * @see {@link JJSE} for wrapping SVGElements
+   * @see {@link JJME} for wrapping MathMLElements
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    if (!isA(ref, Element)) {
-      throw new TypeError(
-        `JJE expects an Element instance. Got ${ref} (${typeof ref}). Use JJE.from(element) with a DOM Element, or use the specific wrapper (JJHE for HTMLElement, JJSE for SVGElement).`
+    if (!isInstance(ref, Element)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "ref",
+        "an Element instance",
+        ref,
+        "Use JJHE.from(), JJSE.from(), or JJME.from() with the appropriate Element type."
       );
     }
     super(ref);
@@ -838,24 +1132,69 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
     }
     return this.ref.hasAttribute(name);
   }
-  setAttr(nameOrObj, value) {
-    if (typeof nameOrObj === "string") {
-      this.ref.setAttribute(nameOrObj, value);
-    } else if (isObj(nameOrObj)) {
-      for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(nameOrObj)) {
-        this.ref.setAttribute(k, v);
-      }
-    } else {
-      throw typeErr("nameOrObj", "a string or object", nameOrObj);
-    }
-    return this;
-  }
   /**
-   * Removes one or more attributes from the Element.
+   * Sets a single attribute on the Element.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * el.rmAttr('disabled')  // Remove single
+   * el.setAttr('id', 'my-id')
+   * el.setAttr('x', 50)  // Numbers are automatically converted
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @throws {TypeError} If arguments are invalid types.
+   * @see {@link setAttrs} for setting multiple attributes at once.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/setAttribute | Element.setAttribute}
+   */
+  setAttr(name, value) {
+    if (!isStr(name)) {
+      throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+    }
+    this.ref.setAttribute(name, value);
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Sets multiple attributes from an object, or no-ops for nullish input.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This helper is useful for optional attribute bags in builder APIs.
+   * - `null` or `undefined`: does nothing and returns `this`
+   * - plain object: sets each attribute on the element
+   * - anything else: throws `TypeError`
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setAttrs({ id: 'app', role: 'main' })
+   * el.setAttrs(null) // no-op
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param attributes - Attributes object or nullish to skip.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `attributes` is not nullish and not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link setAttr} for setting a single attribute.
+   */
+  setAttrs(attributes) {
+    if (attributes == null) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (!isObj(attributes)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "attributes",
+        "a plain object",
+        attributes,
+        'Pass null/undefined or an object like { id: "app" }.'
+      );
+    }
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+      this.setAttr(name, value);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Removes one or more attributes from the Element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.rmAttr('disabled')  // Remove single
    * el.rmAttr('hidden', 'aria-hidden')  // Remove multiple
    * ```
    *
@@ -873,6 +1212,73 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
     }
     return this;
   }
+  /**
+   * Conditionally sets or removes a boolean-style (presence-based) attribute, or
+   * auto-toggles it when called without a `force` value.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * HTML boolean attributes (e.g. `disabled`, `hidden`, `checked`, `readonly`, `required`)
+   * are active whenever they are **present**, regardless of their value.
+   *
+   * This method has two modes:
+   *
+   * **Explicit mode** — pass any `force` value other than `undefined`:
+   * - Truthy `force` → sets the attribute to `""` (presence = active).
+   * - Falsy `force` (e.g. `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`) → removes the attribute. For `undefined`, see auto mode.
+   *
+   * **Auto mode** — omit `force` entirely (i.e. call with one argument) or pass `undefined` explicitly:
+   * - Delegates to the native `Element.toggleAttribute()`: removes the attribute if
+   *   present, adds it (as `""`) if absent. Useful for click handlers and event
+   *   callbacks where you just want to flip the current state.
+   *
+   * > **Warning:** Passing `undefined` explicitly — `swAttr('disabled', undefined)` —
+   * > is treated as **auto mode**, not as an explicit remove. If you need to
+   * > unconditionally remove the attribute, use {@link rmAttr} instead.
+   *
+   * ARIA attributes are not HTML boolean attributes. Even boolean-like ARIA states
+   * such as `aria-hidden`, `aria-disabled`, and `aria-readonly` require explicit
+   * string values like `"true"` or `"false"`, so they should be managed with
+   * {@link setAriaAttr} / {@link rmAriaAttr}, not with `swAttr()`.
+   *
+   * For other attributes that carry a meaningful string value (e.g.
+   * `dir="rtl"`, `hidden="until-found"`), use {@link setAttr} and {@link rmAttr} directly.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * // Explicit mode — driven by a runtime condition (most common)
+   * btn.swAttr('disabled', !isReady)
+   * panel.swAttr('hidden', !isExpanded)
+   * input.swAttr('readonly', isReadonly)
+   *
+   * // Not for ARIA — these need explicit string values
+   * dialog.setAriaAttr('hidden', 'true')
+   * button.setAriaAttr('disabled', 'false')
+   *
+   * // Auto mode — flip current state (no condition required)
+   * btn.on('click', () => btn.swAttr('disabled'))
+   *
+   * // ⚠️ Watch out: passing undefined is NOT an explicit remove
+   * swAttr('disabled', undefined) // → auto mode, NOT rmAttr!
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param name - The attribute name.
+   * @param force - If omitted or `undefined`: auto-toggle. Truthy: add. Falsy (not `undefined`): remove.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link setAttr} for setting a non-ARIA attribute with a specific string value.
+   * @see {@link setAriaAttr} for ARIA attributes that require explicit values.
+   * @see {@link rmAriaAttr} for unconditionally removing an ARIA attribute.
+   * @see {@link rmAttr} for unconditionally removing an attribute.
+   * @see {@link swClass} for the class-list equivalent.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/toggleAttribute | Element.toggleAttribute}
+   */
+  swAttr(name, force) {
+    if (!isStr(name)) {
+      throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+    }
+    this.ref.toggleAttribute(name, force);
+    return this;
+  }
   /**
    * Gets the value of an ARIA attribute.
    *
@@ -881,7 +1287,7 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * el.getAria('label') // gets 'aria-label'
+   * el.getAriaAttr('label') // gets 'aria-label'
    * ```
    *
    * @param name - The ARIA attribute suffix (e.g., 'label' for 'aria-label').
@@ -889,7 +1295,7 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes | ARIA Attributes}
    */
-  getAria(name) {
+  getAriaAttr(name) {
     if (!isStr(name)) {
       throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
     }
@@ -901,22 +1307,78 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    * @param name - The ARIA attribute suffix.
    * @returns `true` if the attribute exists.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link getAriaAttr} for reading ARIA values.
+   * @see {@link setAriaAttr} for setting ARIA values.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes | ARIA Attributes}
    */
-  hasAria(name) {
+  hasAriaAttr(name) {
     if (!isStr(name)) {
       throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
     }
     return this.ref.hasAttribute(`aria-${name}`);
   }
-  setAria(nameOrObj, value) {
-    if (isStr(nameOrObj)) {
-      this.ref.setAttribute(`aria-${nameOrObj}`, value);
-    } else if (isObj(nameOrObj)) {
-      for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(nameOrObj)) {
-        this.ref.setAttribute(`aria-${k}`, v);
+  /**
+   * Sets a single ARIA attribute on the Element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setAriaAttr('hidden', 'true')
+   * el.setAriaAttr('level', 2)
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param name - The ARIA attribute suffix.
+   * @param value - The value to assign.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link setAriaAttrs} for setting multiple ARIA attributes at once.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes | ARIA Attributes}
+   */
+  setAriaAttr(name, value) {
+    if (!isStr(name)) {
+      throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+    }
+    this.ref.setAttribute(`aria-${name}`, value);
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Sets multiple ARIA attributes from an object, or no-ops for nullish input.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This helper is useful for optional ARIA attribute bags in builder APIs.
+   * - `null` or `undefined`: does nothing and returns `this`
+   * - plain object: sets each ARIA attribute on the element
+   * - anything else: throws `TypeError`
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setAriaAttrs({ label: 'Close', hidden: 'false' })
+   * el.setAriaAttrs(null) // no-op
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param attributes - ARIA attributes object or nullish to skip.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `attributes` is not nullish and not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link setAriaAttr} for setting a single ARIA attribute.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes | ARIA Attributes}
+   */
+  setAriaAttrs(attributes) {
+    if (attributes == null) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (!isObj(attributes)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "attributes",
+        "a plain object",
+        attributes,
+        'Pass null/undefined or an object like { hidden: "true" }.'
+      );
+    }
+    try {
+      for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+        this.setAriaAttr(name, value);
       }
-    } else {
-      throw typeErr("nameOrObj", "a string or object", nameOrObj);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to set some ARIA attributes from object: ${JSON.stringify(attributes)}.`, { cause });
     }
     return this;
   }
@@ -925,20 +1387,27 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * el.rmAria('hidden')  // Remove single
-   * el.rmAria('label', 'hidden')  // Remove multiple
+   * el.rmAriaAttr('hidden')  // Remove single
+   * el.rmAriaAttr('label', 'hidden')  // Remove multiple
    * ```
    *
    * @param names - The ARIA attribute suffix(es) to remove.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
    * @throws {TypeError} If any name is not a string.
+   * @see {@link setAriaAttr} for setting a single ARIA attribute.
+   * @see {@link setAriaAttrs} for setting multiple ARIA attributes.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/removeAttribute | Element.removeAttribute}
    */
-  rmAria(...names) {
-    for (const name of names) {
-      if (!isStr(name)) {
-        throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+  rmAriaAttr(...names) {
+    try {
+      for (const name of names) {
+        if (!isStr(name)) {
+          throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+        }
+        this.ref.removeAttribute(`aria-${name}`);
       }
-      this.ref.removeAttribute(`aria-${name}`);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to remove some ARIA attributes: ${JSON.stringify(names)}.`, { cause });
     }
     return this;
   }
@@ -951,16 +1420,76 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
   getClass() {
     return this.getAttr("class");
   }
-  setClass(classNameOrMap) {
-    if (typeof classNameOrMap === "string") {
-      return this.setAttr("class", classNameOrMap);
+  /**
+   * Sets the class attribute.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * To remove all classes, pass an empty string: `setClass('')`
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setClass('btn btn-primary')
+   * el.setClass('')
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param className - The full class attribute value.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `className` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link setClasses} for conditional class maps.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/className | Element.className}
+   */
+  setClass(className) {
+    if (!isStr(className)) {
+      throw typeErr("className", "a string", className);
     }
-    for (const [className, condition] of Object.entries(classNameOrMap)) {
-      if (condition) {
-        this.ref.classList.add(className);
-      } else {
-        this.ref.classList.remove(className);
+    return this.setAttr("class", className);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Conditionally adds or removes classes from an object map, or no-ops for nullish input.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * - `null` or `undefined`: does nothing and returns `this`
+   * - plain object: truthy values add a class, falsy values remove it
+   * - anything else: throws `TypeError`
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setClasses({
+   *   active: true,
+   *   disabled: false,
+   *   highlight: isHighlighted,
+   * })
+   * el.setClasses(null) // no-op
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param classMap - Conditional class map or nullish to skip.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `classMap` is not nullish and not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link setClass} for replacing the full class attribute.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/classList | Element.classList}
+   */
+  setClasses(classMap) {
+    if (classMap == null) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (!isObj(classMap)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "classMap",
+        "a plain object",
+        classMap,
+        "Pass null/undefined or an object like { active: true }."
+      );
+    }
+    try {
+      for (const [className, condition] of Object.entries(classMap)) {
+        if (condition) {
+          this.addClass(className);
+        } else {
+          this.rmClass(className);
+        }
       }
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to set some classes from object: ${JSON.stringify(classMap)}.`, { cause });
     }
     return this;
   }
@@ -987,6 +1516,28 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
     this.ref.classList.add(...classNames);
     return this;
   }
+  /**
+   * Adds multiple classes from an array of class names.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.addClasses(['btn', 'btn-primary'])
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param classNames - The classes to add.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `classNames` is not an array.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If any class name in `classNames` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link addClass} for adding one or more classes via rest arguments.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/classList | Element.classList}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMTokenList/add | DOMTokenList.add}
+   */
+  addClasses(classNames) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(classNames)) {
+      throw typeErr("classNames", "an array of strings", classNames);
+    }
+    return this.addClass(...classNames);
+  }
   /**
    * Removes one or more classes from the Element.
    *
@@ -1011,6 +1562,28 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
     this.ref.classList.remove(...classNames);
     return this;
   }
+  /**
+   * Removes multiple classes from an array of class names.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.rmClasses(['btn', 'btn-primary'])
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param classNames - The classes to remove.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `classNames` is not an array.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If any class name in `classNames` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link rmClass} for removing one or more classes via rest arguments.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/classList | Element.classList}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMTokenList/remove | DOMTokenList.remove}
+   */
+  rmClasses(classNames) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(classNames)) {
+      throw typeErr("classNames", "an array of strings", classNames);
+    }
+    return this.rmClass(...classNames);
+  }
   /**
    * Checks if the Element has a specific class.
    *
@@ -1027,39 +1600,56 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
     return this.ref.classList.contains(className);
   }
   /**
-   * Toggles a class on the Element.
+   * Conditionally adds or removes a single class, or auto-toggles it when called
+   * without a `force` value.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method has two modes, mirroring the behavior of {@link swAttr}:
+   *
+   * **Explicit mode** — pass any `force` value other than `undefined`:
+   * - Truthy `force` → adds the class.
+   * - Falsy `force` (e.g. `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`) → removes the class.
+   *
+   * **Auto mode** — omit `force` entirely (i.e. call with one argument):
+   * - Delegates to the native `DOMTokenList.toggle()`: removes the class if present,
+   *   adds it if absent. Useful for click handlers and event callbacks where you just
+   *   want to flip the current state.
+   *
+   * > **Warning:** Passing `undefined` explicitly — `swClass('foo', undefined)` —
+   * > is treated as **auto mode**, not as an explicit remove. If you need to
+   * > unconditionally remove a class, use {@link rmClass} instead.
+   *
+   * To toggle multiple classes from a condition map in a single call, use {@link setClasses}.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * // Explicit mode — driven by a runtime condition (most common)
+   * el.swClass('is-expanded', isExpanded)
+   * el.swClass('is-loading', isPending)
+   *
+   * // Auto mode — flip current state (no condition required)
+   * btn.on('click', () => btn.swClass('is-active'))
    *
-   * @param className - The class to toggle.
+   * // ⚠️ Watch out: passing undefined is NOT an explicit remove
+   * swClass('foo', undefined) // → auto mode, NOT rmClass!
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param className - The class to add or remove.
+   * @param force - If omitted or `undefined`: auto-toggle. Truthy: add. Falsy (not `undefined`): remove.
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `className` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link setClasses} for toggling multiple classes at once via a condition map.
+   * @see {@link addClass} for unconditionally adding a class.
+   * @see {@link rmClass} for unconditionally removing a class.
+   * @see {@link swAttr} for the attribute equivalent.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/classList | Element.classList}
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMTokenList/toggle | DOMTokenList.toggle}
    */
-  toggleClass(className) {
+  swClass(className, force) {
     if (!isStr(className)) {
       throw typeErr("className", "a string", className);
     }
-    this.ref.classList.toggle(className);
-    return this;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Replaces a class with another one
-   *
-   * @remarks
-   * If the `oldClassName` doesn't exist, the `newClassName` isn't added
-   *
-   * @param oldClassName - The class name to remove
-   * @param newClassName - The class name to add
-   * @throws {TypeError} If either className is not a string.
-   */
-  replaceClass(oldClassName, newClassName) {
-    if (!isStr(oldClassName)) {
-      throw typeErr("oldClassName", "a string", oldClassName);
-    }
-    if (!isStr(newClassName)) {
-      throw typeErr("newClassName", "a string", newClassName);
-    }
-    this.ref.classList.replace(oldClassName, newClassName);
+    this.ref.classList.toggle(className, force);
     return this;
   }
   /**
@@ -1087,7 +1677,7 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
       throw typeErr("selector", "a string", selector);
     }
     const match = this.ref.closest(selector);
-    return match ? JJN.wrap(match) : null;
+    return match ? _JJE.wrap(match) : null;
   }
   /**
   
@@ -1104,6 +1694,8 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    * Shows the Element by removing the `hidden` and `aria-hidden` attributes.
    *
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link hide} for the inverse operation.
+   * @see {@link rmAttr} for generic attribute removal.
    */
   show() {
     return this.rmAttr("hidden", "aria-hidden");
@@ -1122,6 +1714,8 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
    * Enables the Element by removing the `disabled` and `aria-disabled` attributes.
    *
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link disable} for the inverse operation.
+   * @see {@link rmAttr} for generic attribute removal.
    */
   enable() {
     return this.rmAttr("disabled", "aria-disabled");
@@ -1160,74 +1754,220 @@ var JJE = class _JJE extends JJNx {
     return this;
   }
   /**
-   * Attaches a Shadow DOM to the Element and optionally sets its content and styles.
+   * Attaches a Shadow DOM to the Element if it's not already attached.
    *
    * @remarks
-   * We prevent FOUC by assigning the template and CSS in one go.
-   * **Note:** You can't attach a shadow root to every type of element. There are some that can't have a
+   * You can't attach a shadow root to every type of element. There are some that can't have a
    * shadow DOM for security reasons (for example `<a>`).
    *
    * @param mode - The encapsulation mode ('open' or 'closed'). Defaults to 'open'.
-   * @param config - Optional configuration object containing `template` (HTML string) and `styles` (array of CSSStyleSheet).
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {DOMException} If the element cannot have a shadow root. See {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/attachShadow | Element.attachShadow} for more details.
+   * @throws {Error} If the shadow DOM is already attached but with another mode.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/attachShadow | Element.attachShadow}
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/ShadowRoot/adoptedStyleSheets | ShadowRoot.adoptedStyleSheets}
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/adoptedStyleSheets | Document.adoptedStyleSheets}
    */
-  initShadow(mode = "open", config) {
-    const shadowRoot = this.ref.shadowRoot ?? this.ref.attachShadow({ mode });
-    if (isObj(config)) {
-      const { template, styles } = config;
-      if (template) {
-        if (isStr(template)) {
-          shadowRoot.innerHTML = template;
-        } else {
-          shadowRoot.appendChild(template);
-        }
-      }
-      if (isArr(styles) && styles.length) {
-        shadowRoot.adoptedStyleSheets.push(...styles);
-      }
+  setShadow(mode = "open") {
+    const { shadowRoot } = this.ref;
+    if (!shadowRoot) {
+      this.ref.attachShadow({ mode });
+    } else if (shadowRoot.mode !== mode) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Element already has a shadow root with mode "${shadowRoot.mode}". Cannot attach another with mode "${mode}".`
+      );
     }
     return this;
   }
   /**
-   * Gets a wrapper around the Element's Shadow Root, if it exists.
+   * Initializes an already-attached Shadow DOM with template content and optional styles.
    *
-   * @returns A JJSR instance wrapping the shadow root, or null if no shadow root exists.
-   */
-  get shadow() {
-    return this.ref.shadowRoot ? new JJSR(this.ref.shadowRoot) : null;
+   * @remarks
+   * This method expects the shadow root to already exist.
+   * You would typically call `setShadow()` in the custom component constructor and then
+   * perform initialization in `connectedCallback()`.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const host = JJHE.from(this).setShadow('open')
+   * host.initShadow(await templatePromise, await stylePromise)
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param template - The template content to clone into the shadow root.
+   * @param styles - Optional styles to add to the shadow root.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {ReferenceError} If the element does not have a shadow root yet.
+   * @throws {Error} If it fails to initialize the shadow DOM with the provided template or styles.
+   * @see {@link setShadow} for attaching the shadow root first.
+   * @see {@link JJSR.init} for the underlying shadow-root initialization helper.
+   */
+  initShadow(template, ...styles) {
+    try {
+      this.getShadow(true).init(template, ...styles);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to initialize shadow DOM`, { cause });
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  getShadow(required = false) {
+    const shadowRoot = this.ref.shadowRoot;
+    if (shadowRoot) {
+      return new JJSR(shadowRoot);
+    }
+    if (required) {
+      throw new ReferenceError("No shadow root found on this element. Did you forget to call setShadow() first?");
+    }
+    return null;
   }
 };
 
 // src/wrappers/JJEx.ts
 var JJEx = class extends JJE {
   /**
-   * Gets a data attribute from the HTMLElement.
+   * Gets the value of a single inline style property.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * const value = el.getData('my-key')
+   * const display = el.getStyle('display')
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param name - The CSS property name (kebab-case recommended).
+   * @returns The property value, or an empty string when it is not set.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/style | HTMLElement.style}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CSSStyleDeclaration/getPropertyValue | CSSStyleDeclaration.getPropertyValue}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Reference/Attribute/style | SVG style attribute}
+   */
+  getStyle(name) {
+    if (!isStr(name)) {
+      throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+    }
+    return this.ref.style.getPropertyValue(name);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Sets a single inline style property.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setStyle('display', 'grid')
+   * el.setStyle('opacity', 0.8)
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param name - The CSS property name (kebab-case recommended).
+   * @param value - The CSS property value.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link setStyles} for setting/removing specific style properties.
+   * @see {@link rmStyle} for removing style properties.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/style | HTMLElement.style}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CSSStyleDeclaration/setProperty | CSSStyleDeclaration.setProperty}
+   */
+  setStyle(name, value) {
+    if (!isStr(name)) {
+      throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+    }
+    this.ref.style.setProperty(name, value);
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Removes one or more inline style properties.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.rmStyle('display')
+   * el.rmStyle('display', 'gap')
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param names - The CSS property names to remove.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If any property name is not a string.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CSSStyleDeclaration/removeProperty | CSSStyleDeclaration.removeProperty}
+   */
+  rmStyle(...names) {
+    for (const name of names) {
+      if (!isStr(name)) {
+        throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+      }
+      this.ref.style.removeProperty(name);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Sets or removes multiple inline style properties from an object map, or no-ops for nullish input.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * - `null` or `undefined`: does nothing and returns `this`
+   * - plain object: non-nullish values set properties, `null`/`undefined`/`false` remove properties
+   * - anything else: throws `TypeError`
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setStyles({
+   *   display: 'grid',
+   *   gap: '1rem',
+   *   opacity: 0,
+   *   color: null,
+   * })
+   * el.setStyles(null) // no-op
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param styleMap - Style property map or nullish to skip.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `styleMap` is not nullish and not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link setStyle} for setting a single style property.
+   */
+  setStyles(styleMap) {
+    if (styleMap == null) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (!isObj(styleMap)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "styleMap",
+        "a plain object",
+        styleMap,
+        'Pass null/undefined or an object like { display: "grid" }.'
+      );
+    }
+    try {
+      for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(styleMap)) {
+        if (value == null || value === false) {
+          this.rmStyle(name);
+        } else {
+          this.setStyle(name, value);
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to set some styles from object: ${JSON.stringify(styleMap)}.`, { cause });
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Gets a data attribute from the element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const value = el.getDataAttr('myKey')
    * ```
    *
    * @param name - The data attribute name (in camelCase).
    * @returns The value of the attribute, or undefined if not set.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/dataset | HTMLElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/SVGElement/dataset | SVGElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MathMLElement/dataset | MathMLElement.dataset}
    */
-  getData(name) {
+  getDataAttr(name) {
     if (!isStr(name)) {
       throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
     }
     return this.ref.dataset[name];
   }
   /**
-   * Checks if a data attribute exists on the HTMLElement.
+   * Checks if a data attribute exists on the element.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * if (el.hasData('my-key')) {
+   * if (el.hasDataAttr('myKey')) {
    *   // ...
    * }
    * ```
@@ -1236,40 +1976,101 @@ var JJEx = class extends JJE {
    * @returns True if the attribute exists, false otherwise.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/dataset | HTMLElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/SVGElement/dataset | SVGElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MathMLElement/dataset | MathMLElement.dataset}
    */
-  hasData(name) {
+  hasDataAttr(name) {
     if (!isStr(name)) {
       throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
     }
     return hasProp(this.ref.dataset, name);
   }
-  setData(nameOrObj, value) {
-    if (typeof nameOrObj === "string") {
-      this.ref.dataset[nameOrObj] = value;
-    } else if (isObj(nameOrObj)) {
-      for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(nameOrObj)) {
-        this.ref.dataset[k] = v;
+  /**
+   * Sets a single data attribute on the element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setDataAttr('myKey', 'myValue')
+   * el.setDataAttr('count', 42 as unknown as string)
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param name - The data attribute name (in camelCase).
+   * @param value - The value to assign.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `name` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link setDataAttrs} for setting multiple data attributes at once.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/dataset | HTMLElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/SVGElement/dataset | SVGElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MathMLElement/dataset | MathMLElement.dataset}
+   */
+  setDataAttr(name, value) {
+    if (!isStr(name)) {
+      throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
+    }
+    this.ref.dataset[name] = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Sets multiple data attributes from an object, or no-ops for nullish input.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This helper is useful for optional dataset bags in builder APIs.
+   * - `null` or `undefined`: does nothing and returns `this`
+   * - plain object: sets each data attribute on the element
+   * - anything else: throws `TypeError`
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.setDataAttrs({ myKey: 'myValue', otherKey: 'otherValue' })
+   * el.setDataAttrs(null) // no-op
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param attributes - Data attributes object or nullish to skip.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `attributes` is not nullish and not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link setDataAttr} for setting a single data attribute.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/dataset | HTMLElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/SVGElement/dataset | SVGElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MathMLElement/dataset | MathMLElement.dataset}
+   */
+  setDataAttrs(attributes) {
+    if (attributes == null) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (!isObj(attributes)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "attributes",
+        "a plain object",
+        attributes,
+        'Pass null/undefined or an object like { userId: "42" }.'
+      );
+    }
+    try {
+      for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+        this.setDataAttr(name, value);
       }
-    } else {
-      throw typeErr("nameOrObj", "a string or object", nameOrObj);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to set some data attributes from object: ${JSON.stringify(attributes)}.`, { cause });
     }
     return this;
   }
   /**
-   * Removes one or more data attributes from the HTMLElement.
+   * Removes one or more data attributes from the element.
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * el.rmData('myKey')  // Remove single
-   * el.rmData('myKey', 'otherKey')  // Remove multiple
+   * el.rmDataAttr('myKey')  // Remove single
+   * el.rmDataAttr('myKey', 'otherKey')  // Remove multiple
    * ```
    *
    * @param names - The data attribute name(s) (in camelCase).
    * @returns This instance for chaining.
    * @throws {TypeError} If any name is not a string.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/dataset | HTMLElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/SVGElement/dataset | SVGElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MathMLElement/dataset | MathMLElement.dataset}
    */
-  rmData(...names) {
+  rmDataAttr(...names) {
     for (const name of names) {
       if (!isStr(name)) {
         throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
@@ -1278,13 +2079,42 @@ var JJEx = class extends JJE {
     }
     return this;
   }
+  /**
+   * Removes multiple data attributes from an array of names.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * el.rmDataAttrs(['myKey', 'otherKey'])
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param names - The data attribute names to remove (in camelCase).
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `names` is not an array.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If any name in `names` is not a string.
+   * @see {@link rmDataAttr} for removing one or more data attributes via rest arguments.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/dataset | HTMLElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/SVGElement/dataset | SVGElement.dataset}
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MathMLElement/dataset | MathMLElement.dataset}
+   */
+  rmDataAttrs(names) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(names)) {
+      throw typeErr("names", "an array", names);
+    }
+    return this.rmDataAttr(...names);
+  }
 };
 
 // src/wrappers/JJHE.ts
+var COMMON_SVG_TAGS = ["svg", "rect", "circle", "line", "path", "text"];
+var COMMON_MATHML_TAGS = ["math", "mi", "mn", "mo", "mtext"];
 var JJHE = class _JJHE extends JJEx {
   /**
    * Creates a JJHE instance from an HTMLElement reference.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Use {@link JJHE.create} to create new HTMLElements, or use this method to wrap existing ones.
+   * For other element types, use {@link JJSE.from} for SVGElements or {@link JJME.from} for MathMLElements.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const el = JJHE.from(document.getElementById('my-id'))  // from an existing HTMLElement
@@ -1299,19 +2129,77 @@ var JJHE = class _JJHE extends JJEx {
   }
   static create(tagName, options) {
     if (!isStr(tagName)) {
-      throw typeErr("tagName", "a string like 'div' or 'button'", tagName);
+      throw typeErr("tagName", "a string like 'div' or 'button'", tagName, "Pass a valid HTML tag name.");
+    }
+    if (COMMON_SVG_TAGS.includes(tagName)) {
+      throw errMsg(
+        `tagName`,
+        `a HTML tag name (not an SVG tag name)`,
+        tagName,
+        `Use JJSE.create("${tagName}") for SVG elements.`
+      );
+    }
+    if (COMMON_MATHML_TAGS.includes(tagName)) {
+      throw errMsg(
+        `tagName`,
+        `a HTML tag name (not a MathML tag name)`,
+        tagName,
+        `Use JJME.create("${tagName}") for MathML elements.`
+      );
     }
     return new _JJHE(document.createElement(tagName, options));
   }
+  /**
+   * Builds an HTML element tree with optional attributes and children.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * A concise declarative way to build HTML DOM snippets. Chain further JJ methods on the return value.
+   * Pass `null` or omit `attributes` when no attributes are needed. Pass children as additional arguments.
+   * Unlike `create()`, the return type is always `JJHE` (not the specific subtype), which is fine for
+   * snippet construction where precise inference is not needed.
+   *
+   * If you prefer a shorter alias compatible with hyperscript conventions, you can use:
+   * ```ts
+   * const h = JJHE.tree
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * // Simple element with text
+   * JJHE.tree('p', { class: 'intro' }, 'Hello World')
+   *
+   * // Nested structure
+   * JJHE.tree('nav', { class: 'main-nav' },
+   *   JJHE.tree('a', { href: '/' }, 'Home'),
+   *   JJHE.tree('a', { href: '/about' }, 'About'),
+   * )
+   *
+   * // No attributes
+   * JJHE.tree('section', null, JJHE.tree('h1', null, 'Title'), JJHE.tree('p', null, 'Body'))
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param tagName - The HTML tag name.
+   * @param attributes - Attributes to set. Pass `null` or `undefined` to skip.
+   * @param children - Children to append (strings, nodes, or JJ wrappers).
+   * @returns A new JJHE instance.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `attributes` is not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link JJHE.create} for a type-narrowed single-element factory.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createElement | document.createElement}
+   */
+  static tree(tagName, attributes, ...children) {
+    return _JJHE.create(tagName).setAttrs(attributes).addChild(...children);
+  }
   /**
    * Creates an instance of JJHE.
    *
    * @param ref - The HTMLElement to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not an HTMLElement.
+   * @see {@link JJHE.from} to wrap existing HTMLElements
+   * @see {@link JJHE.create} to create new HTMLElements
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    if (!isA(ref, HTMLElement)) {
-      throw typeErr("ref", "an HTMLElement", ref);
+    if (!isInstance(ref, HTMLElement)) {
+      throw typeErr("ref", "an HTMLElement", ref, "Use JJHE.from() or JJHE.create().");
     }
     super(ref);
   }
@@ -1404,6 +2292,10 @@ var JJT = class _JJT extends JJN {
   /**
    * Creates a JJT instance from a Text node.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Use {@link JJT.create} to create a Text node from a string.
+   * For other Node types, use {@link JJN.from} or the specific wrapper type.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const textNode = document.createTextNode('foo')
@@ -1413,12 +2305,21 @@ var JJT = class _JJT extends JJN {
    * @param text - The Text node.
    * @returns A new JJT instance.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `text` is not a Text node.
+   * @see {@link JJT.create} for creating from string input.
    */
   static from(text) {
     return new _JJT(text);
   }
-  static fromStr(text) {
-    return new _JJT(document.createTextNode(text));
+  /**
+   * Creates a JJT instance from a string.
+   *
+   * @param text - The string to convert into a Text node.
+   * @returns A new JJT instance wrapping a Text node.
+   * @see {@link JJT.from} for wrapping an existing Text node.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTextNode | document.createTextNode}
+   */
+  static create(text) {
+    return new _JJT(document.createTextNode(toStr(text)));
   }
   /**
    * Creates an instance of JJT.
@@ -1430,11 +2331,16 @@ var JJT = class _JJT extends JJN {
    *
    * @param ref - The Text node or a string to create a Text node from.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not a Text node or string.
+   * @see {@link JJT.from} for wrapping an existing Text node.
+   * @see {@link JJT.create} for creating from a plain string.
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    if (!isA(ref, Text)) {
-      throw new TypeError(
-        `JJT expects a Text node. Got ${ref} (${typeof ref}). Create a Text node with JJT.fromStr() or document.createTextNode('text').`
+    if (!isInstance(ref, Text)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "ref",
+        "a Text node",
+        ref,
+        "Create a Text node with JJT.create() or document.createTextNode('text')."
       );
     }
     super(ref);
@@ -1508,6 +2414,10 @@ var JJD = class _JJD extends JJNx {
   /**
    * Creates a JJD instance from a Document reference.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Typically, you'll use this to wrap the global `document` object.
+   * Use {@link JJHE.from} to wrap individual elements, and {@link JJHE} for the head/body elements.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const doc = JJD.from(document)
@@ -1525,39 +2435,156 @@ var JJD = class _JJD extends JJNx {
    *
    * @param ref - The Document instance to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not a Document.
+   * @see {@link JJD.from} to wrap a Document
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    if (!isA(ref, Document)) {
-      throw new TypeError(`JJD expects a Document instance. Got ${ref} (${typeof ref}). `);
+    if (!isInstance(ref, Document)) {
+      throw typeErr("ref", "a Document instance", ref, "Use JJD.from(document) to create an instance.");
     }
     super(ref);
   }
+};
+
+// src/wrappers/JJME.ts
+var JJME = class _JJME extends JJEx {
   /**
-   * Gets the `<head>` element of the document wrapped in a `JJHE` instance.
+   * Creates a JJME instance from a MathMLElement reference.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Use {@link JJME.create} to create new MathMLElements, or use this method to wrap existing ones.
+   * For HTMLElements, use {@link JJHE.from}, or {@link JJSE.from} for SVGElements.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const mrow = JJME.from(myMrow)
+   * ```
    *
-   * @returns The wrapped head element.
-   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/head | Document.head}
+   * @param ref - The MathMLElement.
+   * @returns A new JJME instance.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MathMLElement | MathMLElement}
    */
-  get head() {
-    return JJHE.from(this.ref.head);
+  static from(ref) {
+    return new _JJME(ref);
+  }
+  static create(tagName, options) {
+    if (!isStr(tagName)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "tagName",
+        'a string like "math" or "mfrac"',
+        tagName,
+        'Pass a valid MathML tag name like "math", "mrow", or "mfrac".'
+      );
+    }
+    const element = document.createElementNS(MATHML_NS, tagName, options);
+    return new _JJME(element);
   }
   /**
-   * Gets the `<body>` element of the document wrapped in a `JJHE` instance.
+   * Builds a MathML element tree with optional attributes and children.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * A concise declarative way to build MathML DOM snippets. All elements are created in the MathML namespace.
+   * Chain further JJ methods on the return value. Pass `null` or omit `attributes` when no attributes are needed.
+   *
+   * If you prefer a shorter alias compatible with hyperscript conventions, you can use:
+   * ```ts
+   * const h = JJME.tree
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * // Fraction: x/y
+   * JJME.tree('math', null,
+   *   JJME.tree('mfrac', null,
+   *     JJME.tree('mi', null, 'x'),
+   *     JJME.tree('mi', null, 'y'),
+   *   ),
+   * )
    *
-   * @returns The wrapped body element.
-   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/body | Document.body}
+   * // Subscript: a_n
+   * JJME.tree('math', null,
+   *   JJME.tree('msub', null,
+   *     JJME.tree('mi', null, 'a'),
+   *     JJME.tree('mi', null, 'n'),
+   *   ),
+   * )
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param tagName - The MathML tag name.
+   * @param attributes - Attributes to set. Pass `null` or `undefined` to skip.
+   * @param children - Children to append (strings, nodes, or JJ wrappers).
+   * @returns A new JJME instance.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `attributes` is not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link JJME.create} for a type-narrowed single-element factory.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createElementNS | document.createElementNS}
+   */
+  static tree(tagName, attributes, ...children) {
+    return _JJME.create(tagName).setAttrs(attributes).addChild(...children);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Creates an instance of JJME.
+   *
+   * @param ref - The MathMLElement to wrap.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not a MathMLElement.
+   * @see {@link JJME.from} to wrap existing MathMLElements
+   * @see {@link JJME.create} to create new MathMLElements
    */
-  get body() {
-    return JJHE.from(this.ref.body);
+  constructor(ref) {
+    if (!isInstance(ref, Element) || ref.namespaceURI !== MATHML_NS) {
+      throw typeErr("ref", `a MathML element (${MATHML_NS})`, ref, "Use JJME.from() or JJME.create().");
+    }
+    super(ref);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Gets the text content of the MathMLElement.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method operates on `textContent`. The method name is kept short for convenience.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const text = math.getText()
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @returns The text content.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/textContent | Node.textContent}
+   */
+  getText() {
+    return this.ref.textContent ?? "";
+  }
+  /**
+   * Sets the text content of the MathMLElement.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method operates on `textContent`. The method name is kept short for convenience.
+   * Pass an empty string, `null`, or `undefined` to clear the content.
+   * Numbers and booleans are automatically converted to strings.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * mi.setText('x')
+   * mi.setText(null) // Clear content
+   * mi.setText(42) // Numbers are converted
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param text - The text to set, or null/undefined to clear.
+   * @returns This instance for chaining.
+   * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/textContent | Node.textContent}
+   */
+  setText(text) {
+    this.ref.textContent = text;
+    return this;
   }
 };
 
 // src/wrappers/JJSE.ts
-var SVG_NAMESPACE_URI = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg";
 var JJSE = class _JJSE extends JJEx {
   /**
    * Creates a JJSE instance from an SVGElement reference.
    *
+   * @remarks
+   * Use {@link JJSE.create} to create new SVGElements, or use this method to wrap existing ones.
+   * For HTMLElements, use {@link JJHE.from}, or {@link JJME.from} for MathMLElements.
+   *
    * @example
    * ```ts
    * const svg = JJSE.from(myCircle)
@@ -1570,39 +2597,68 @@ var JJSE = class _JJSE extends JJEx {
   static from(ref) {
     return new _JJSE(ref);
   }
+  static create(tagName, options) {
+    if (!isStr(tagName)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "tagName",
+        'a string like "circle" or "path"',
+        tagName,
+        'Pass a valid SVG tag name like "svg", "circle", or "path".'
+      );
+    }
+    const element = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, tagName, options);
+    return new _JJSE(element);
+  }
   /**
-   * Creates a JJSE instance from a tag name (in the SVG namespace).
+   * Builds an SVG element tree with optional attributes and children.
    *
    * @remarks
-   * Automatically uses the correct SVG namespace URI: `http://www.w3.org/2000/svg`.
+   * A concise declarative way to build SVG DOM snippets. All elements are created in the SVG namespace.
+   * Chain further JJ methods on the return value. Pass `null` or omit `attributes` when no attributes are needed.
+   *
+   * If you prefer a shorter alias compatible with hyperscript conventions, you can use:
+   * ```ts
+   * const h = JJSE.tree
+   * ```
    *
    * @example
    * ```ts
-   * const circle = JJSE.create('circle')
+   * // Simple SVG icon
+   * JJSE.tree('svg', { viewBox: '0 0 24 24', width: '24', height: '24' },
+   *   JJSE.tree('circle', { cx: '12', cy: '12', r: '10', fill: 'currentColor' }),
+   * )
+   *
+   * // No attributes
+   * JJSE.tree('g', null, JJSE.tree('rect', { x: '0', y: '0', width: '10', height: '10' }))
    * ```
    *
-   * @param tagName - The tag name.
-   * @param options - Element creation options.
+   * @param tagName - The SVG tag name.
+   * @param attributes - Attributes to set. Pass `null` or `undefined` to skip.
+   * @param children - Children to append (strings, nodes, or JJ wrappers).
    * @returns A new JJSE instance.
-   * @throws {TypeError} If `tagName` is not a string.
+   * @throws {TypeError} If `attributes` is not a plain object.
+   * @see {@link JJSE.create} for a type-narrowed single-element factory.
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createElementNS | document.createElementNS}
    */
-  static create(tagName, options) {
-    if (!isStr(tagName)) {
-      throw typeErr("tagName", 'a string like "circle" or "path"', tagName);
-    }
-    const element = document.createElementNS(SVG_NAMESPACE_URI, tagName, options);
-    return new _JJSE(element);
+  static tree(tagName, attributes, ...children) {
+    return _JJSE.create(tagName).setAttrs(attributes).addChild(...children);
   }
   /**
    * Creates an instance of JJSE.
    *
    * @param ref - The SVGElement to wrap.
    * @throws {TypeError} If `ref` is not an SVGElement.
+   * @see {@link JJSE.from} to wrap an existing SVG element.
+   * @see {@link JJSE.create} to create a new SVG element.
    */
   constructor(ref) {
-    if (!isA(ref, SVGElement)) {
-      throw typeErr("ref", "an SVGElement", ref);
+    if (!isInstance(ref, SVGElement)) {
+      throw typeErr(
+        "ref",
+        "an SVGElement",
+        ref,
+        'Wrap an existing SVG element with JJSE.from(el) or create one with JJSE.create("svg").'
+      );
     }
     super(ref);
   }
@@ -1693,7 +2749,7 @@ var JJSE = class _JJSE extends JJEx {
    * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute/viewBox | viewBox}
    */
   setViewBox(p1, p2, p3, p4) {
-    if (typeof p1 === "number" && p2 !== void 0 && p3 !== void 0 && p4 !== void 0) {
+    if (isNum(p1) && isNum(p2) && isNum(p3) && isNum(p4)) {
       return this.setAttr("viewBox", `${p1} ${p2} ${p3} ${p4}`);
     }
     const value = p1;
@@ -1743,96 +2799,42 @@ var JJSE = class _JJSE extends JJEx {
 
 // src/wrappers/JJN.ts
 JJN.wrap = function wrap(raw) {
-  if (isStr(raw)) {
-    return JJT.fromStr(raw);
-  }
-  if (!isObj(raw)) {
-    throw typeErr("raw", "an object", raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, JJN)) {
-    return raw;
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, HTMLElement)) {
-    return JJHE.from(raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, SVGElement)) {
-    return JJSE.from(raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, Element)) {
-    return JJE.from(raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, ShadowRoot)) {
-    return JJSR.from(raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, DocumentFragment)) {
-    return JJDF.from(raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, Document)) {
-    return JJD.from(raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, Text)) {
-    return JJT.from(raw);
-  }
-  if (isA(raw, Node)) {
-    return JJN.from(raw);
-  }
-  throw typeErr("raw", "a Node", raw);
-};
-
-// src/helpers.ts
-function h(tagName, attributes, ...children) {
-  const ret = JJHE.create(tagName).addChild(...children);
-  if (attributes) {
-    ret.setAttr(attributes);
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-function linkAs(href) {
-  switch (fileExt(href)) {
-    case "html":
-    case "htm":
-    case "md":
-      return "fetch";
-    case "css":
-      return "style";
-    case "js":
-    case "mjs":
-    case "cjs":
-      return "script";
-    default:
-      throw new Error(`No 'as' attribute was specified and we failed to guess it from the URL: ${href}`);
-  }
-}
-function createLinkPre(href, rel, as) {
-  if (!isStr(href)) {
-    if (!isA(href, URL)) {
-      throw typeErr("href", "a string or URL", href);
+  if (raw && typeof raw === "object") {
+    if (isInstance(raw, JJN)) {
+      return raw;
     }
-    href = href.toString();
-  }
-  if (!["prefetch", "preload"].includes(rel)) {
-    throw new RangeError(errMsg("rel", `'prefetch' or 'preload'`, rel));
-  }
-  if (!as) {
-    as = linkAs(href);
-    if (!as) {
-      throw new Error(`Could not guess 'as' attribute from URL: ${href}`);
+    if (isInstance(raw, HTMLElement)) {
+      return JJHE.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, SVGElement)) {
+      return JJSE.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, MathMLElement)) {
+      return JJME.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, Element)) {
+      return JJE.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, ShadowRoot)) {
+      return JJSR.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, DocumentFragment)) {
+      return JJDF.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, Document)) {
+      return JJD.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, Text)) {
+      return JJT.from(raw);
+    }
+    if (isInstance(raw, Node)) {
+      return JJN.from(raw);
     }
   }
-  if (!["fetch", "style", "script"].includes(as)) {
-    throw new RangeError(errMsg("as", `'fetch', 'style', or 'script'`, as));
-  }
-  return JJHE.create("link").setAttr({
-    href,
-    rel,
-    as
-  });
-}
-function addLinkPre(...args) {
-  const link = createLinkPre(...args);
-  document.head.append(link.ref);
-  return link;
-}
+  return JJT.create(String(raw));
+};
+
+// src/fetchers.ts
 async function fetchText(url, mime = "text/*") {
   if (!isStr(mime)) {
     throw typeErr("mime", "a string", mime);
@@ -1843,168 +2845,77 @@ async function fetchText(url, mime = "text/*") {
   }
   return response.text();
 }
-async function fetchHtml(url) {
-  return await fetchText(url, "text/html");
-}
-async function fetchCss(url) {
-  return await fetchText(url, "text/css");
+async function fetchTemplate(url) {
+  try {
+    const htmlStr = await fetchText(url, "text/html");
+    return JJDF.from(document.createRange().createContextualFragment(htmlStr));
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new Error(`Failed to fetch or process HTML from ${url}`, { cause: err });
+  }
 }
 async function fetchStyle(url) {
-  return await cssToStyle(await fetchCss(url));
+  try {
+    const sheet = new CSSStyleSheet();
+    return await sheet.replace(await fetchText(url, "text/css"));
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new Error(`Failed to fetch or convert CSS string to CSSStyleSheet from ${url}`, { cause: err });
+  }
 }
 
 // src/components.ts
 function attr2prop(instance, name, oldValue, newValue) {
-  if (!isA(instance, HTMLElement)) {
-    throw typeErr("instance", "an HTMLElement", instance);
+  if (!isInstance(instance, HTMLElement)) {
+    throw typeErr(
+      "instance",
+      "an HTMLElement",
+      instance,
+      "Call attr2prop(this, ...) from attributeChangedCallback on a custom element instance."
+    );
   }
   if (oldValue !== newValue) {
-    const propName = keb2cam(name);
-    if (hasProp(instance, propName)) {
-      instance[propName] = newValue;
-      return true;
+    try {
+      const propName = keb2cam(name);
+      if (hasProp(instance, propName)) {
+        instance[propName] = newValue;
+        return true;
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Failed to set property using attribute change event ${name}. Old value: ${oldValue}, New value: ${newValue}.`,
+        { cause: err }
+      );
     }
   }
   return false;
 }
-async function registerComponent(name, constructor, options) {
+async function defineComponent(name, constructor, options) {
   if (!isStr(name)) {
-    throw typeErr("name", "a string", name);
-  }
-  if (!isFn(constructor)) {
-    throw typeErr("constructor", "a function", constructor);
-  }
-  if (!customElements.get(name)) {
-    customElements.define(name, constructor, options);
-    await customElements.whenDefined(name);
-  }
-}
-
-// src/ShadowMaster.ts
-async function templatePromise(templateConfig) {
-  if (templateConfig === void 0) {
-    return void 0;
-  }
-  if (isFn(templateConfig)) {
-    templateConfig = await templateConfig();
+    throw typeErr("name", "a string", name, 'Pass a valid name like "my-component".');
   }
-  templateConfig = await templateConfig;
-  if (isStr(templateConfig)) {
-    return templateConfig;
-  }
-  if (isA(templateConfig, JJDF)) {
-    return templateConfig.ref.cloneNode(true);
+  if (!name.includes("-")) {
+    throw new SyntaxError(
+      errMsg("name", "a custom-element name containing a hyphen", name, 'Use kebab-case like "my-component".')
+    );
   }
-  if (isA(templateConfig, DocumentFragment)) {
-    return templateConfig.cloneNode(true);
+  if (typeof constructor !== "function") {
+    throw typeErr(
+      "constructor",
+      "a function",
+      constructor,
+      'Pass the custom element class itself, e.g. defineComponent("my-component", MyComponent).'
+    );
   }
-  if (isA(templateConfig, JJHE)) {
-    if (templateConfig.ref instanceof HTMLTemplateElement) {
-      return templateConfig.ref.content.cloneNode(true);
+  const definedConstructor = customElements.get(name);
+  if (definedConstructor) {
+    if (definedConstructor !== constructor) {
+      throw new ReferenceError(`A different constructor is already defined for the custom element "${name}".`);
     }
-    return templateConfig.ref.outerHTML;
-  }
-  if (isA(templateConfig, HTMLElement)) {
-    return templateConfig instanceof HTMLTemplateElement ? templateConfig.content.cloneNode(true) : templateConfig.outerHTML;
-  }
-  throw typeErr("template", "a string, JJHE, JJDF, HTMLElement, or DocumentFragment", templateConfig);
-}
-async function stylePromise(styleConfig) {
-  if (isFn(styleConfig)) {
-    styleConfig = await styleConfig();
-  }
-  styleConfig = await styleConfig;
-  if (isA(styleConfig, CSSStyleSheet)) {
-    return styleConfig;
-  }
-  if (isStr(styleConfig)) {
-    return await cssToStyle(styleConfig);
-  }
-  throw typeErr("style", "a CSS string or CSSStyleSheet", styleConfig);
-}
-function stylePromises(styleConfigs) {
-  if (!isArr(styleConfigs)) {
-    return [];
+  } else {
+    customElements.define(name, constructor, options);
+    await customElements.whenDefined(name);
   }
-  return styleConfigs.map(stylePromise);
+  return Boolean(definedConstructor);
 }
-async function resolveConfig(templateConfig, styleConfigs) {
-  const [template, ...styles] = await Promise.all([templatePromise(templateConfig), ...stylePromises(styleConfigs)]);
-  return { template, styles };
-}
-var _templateConfig, _stylesConfig, _normalizedConfig;
-var _ShadowMaster = class _ShadowMaster {
-  constructor() {
-    __privateAdd(this, _templateConfig);
-    __privateAdd(this, _stylesConfig, []);
-    __privateAdd(this, _normalizedConfig);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Creates a new instance of ShadowMaster.
-   *
-   * @returns A new ShadowMaster instance.
-   */
-  static create() {
-    return new _ShadowMaster();
-  }
-  /**
-   * Sets the template configuration.
-   *
-   * @param templateConfig - The template configuration.
-   * @returns The instance for chaining.
-   *
-   * @example
-   * ```ts
-   * // Accepts string, promise, or fetchHtml result
-   * sm.setTemplate(fetchHtml('./template.html'))
-   * ```
-   */
-  setTemplate(templateConfig) {
-    __privateSet(this, _templateConfig, templateConfig);
-    return this;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Adds one or more style configurations.
-   *
-   * @param stylesConfig - Variable number of style configurations.
-   * @returns The instance for chaining.
-   *
-   * @example
-   * ```ts
-   * sm.addStyles(
-   *     'p { color: red; }',
-   *     fetchCss('./styles.css'),
-   *     () => fetchCss('../lazy-loaded-styles.css'),
-   * )
-   * ```
-   */
-  addStyles(...stylesConfig) {
-    __privateGet(this, _stylesConfig).push(...stylesConfig);
-    return this;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Resolves the configuration to something that can be fed to `JJHE.initShadow()` function
-   *
-   * The result is cached, so subsequent calls return the same promise.
-   * Note: Any changes made to the ShadowMaster instance (via setTemplate/addStyles)
-   * after the first call to getResolved() will be ignored.
-   *
-   * @returns A promise resolving to the ShadowConfig.
-   */
-  async getResolved() {
-    if (!__privateGet(this, _normalizedConfig)) {
-      __privateSet(this, _normalizedConfig, resolveConfig(__privateGet(this, _templateConfig), __privateGet(this, _stylesConfig)));
-    }
-    return await __privateGet(this, _normalizedConfig);
-  }
-};
-_templateConfig = new WeakMap();
-_stylesConfig = new WeakMap();
-_normalizedConfig = new WeakMap();
-var ShadowMaster = _ShadowMaster;
-
-// src/index.ts
-var doc = JJD.from(document);
 // Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
 0 && (module.exports = {
   JJD,
@@ -2012,27 +2923,15 @@ var doc = JJD.from(document);
   JJE,
   JJET,
   JJHE,
+  JJME,
   JJN,
   JJSE,
   JJSR,
   JJT,
-  ShadowMaster,
-  addLinkPre,
   attr2prop,
-  createLinkPre,
-  cssToStyle,
-  doc,
-  fetchCss,
-  fetchHtml,
+  customEvent,
+  defineComponent,
   fetchStyle,
-  fetchText,
-  fileExt,
-  h,
-  keb2cam,
-  keb2pas,
-  nextAnimationFrame,
-  pas2keb,
-  registerComponent,
-  sleep
+  fetchTemplate
 });
 //# sourceMappingURL=bundle.cjs.map