iapws-if97 2.1.2 → 2.2.0

package/dist/core/region-detector.js

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import { boundary23_P_to_T, boundary23_T_to_P } from '../regions/boundaries.js';
 import { region1 } from '../regions/region1.js';
 import { region2 } from '../regions/region2.js';
 import { region5 } from '../regions/region5.js';
-import { saturationEndpointsAtPressure, saturationEndpointsAtTemperature } from '../saturation/common.js';
+import { saturationEndpointsAtPressure, saturationEndpointsAtTemperature, } from '../saturation/common.js';
 import { tryRegion4HSState } from '../saturation/region4-hs.js';
-import { Region } from '../types.js';
+import { IF97Error, Region } from '../types.js';
 import { bracketedNewton } from '../solvers/bracketed-newton.js';
 import { solveRegion3PTBasic } from './region3-pt.js';
 /**
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ function detectRegionByTemperatureProperty(T, value, property) {
             ? Region.Region2
             : -1;
     }
-    if (T > C.Tc) {
+    if (T >= C.Tc) {
         const p23 = boundary23_T_to_P(T);
         if (inRange(value, propertyOf(region2(C.P_MIN, T), property), propertyOf(region2(p23, T), property))) {
             return Region.Region2;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ export function detectRegionTH(T, h) {
             ? Region.Region2
             : -1;
     }
-    if (T > C.Tc) {
+    if (T >= C.Tc) {
         const p23 = boundary23_T_to_P(T);
         if (inRange(h, region2(C.P_MIN, T).enthalpy, region2(p23, T).enthalpy)) {
             return Region.Region2;
@@ -331,8 +331,17 @@ function h1Sat(s) {
  * Region 1 enthalpy maximum would admit impossible h-s pairs.
  */
 function h1UpperBoundAtPmax(s) {
-    const temperature = bracketedNewton((T) => region1(C.P_MAX, T).entropy - s, C.T_MIN, C.R2_T_MIN, 350);
-    return region1(C.P_MAX, temperature).enthalpy;
+    let cachedTemperature = Number.NaN;
+    let cachedState = null;
+    const stateAt = (T) => {
+        if (T !== cachedTemperature || cachedState === null) {
+            cachedTemperature = T;
+            cachedState = region1(C.P_MAX, T);
+        }
+        return cachedState;
+    };
+    const temperature = bracketedNewton((T) => stateAt(T).entropy - s, C.T_MIN, C.R2_T_MIN, 350, { derivative: (T) => (stateAt(T).cp ?? Number.NaN) / T });
+    return stateAt(temperature).enthalpy;
 }
 /**
  * Region 1 / Region 3 boundary enthalpy (Eq. 1, B13).
@@ -465,6 +474,175 @@ function backward2cPhs(h, s) {
     }
     return 100 * P * P * P * P;
 }
+const HS_R1_PMAX_623 = region1(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MIN);
+const HS_R1_B23_MIN = region1(C.B23_P_MIN, C.R2_T_MIN);
+const HS_R2_PMAX_TMAX = region2(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MAX);
+const HS_R2_PMIN_TMAX = region2(C.P_MIN, C.R2_T_MAX);
+const HS_R2_B23_MIN = region2(C.B23_P_MIN, C.R2_T_MIN);
+const HS_R2_B23_MAX = region2(C.P_MAX, C.B23_T_MAX);
+const HS_R2_R5_PMAX = region2(C.R5_P_MAX, C.R2_T_MAX);
+const HS_R5_LOWER = region5(C.R5_P_MAX, C.R5_T_MIN);
+const HS_R5_PMIN_TMIN = region5(C.P_MIN, C.R5_T_MIN);
+const HS_R5_UPPER = region5(C.P_MIN, C.R5_T_MAX);
+const HS_TRIPLE_POINT_ENDPOINTS = saturationEndpointsAtTemperature(C.Tt);
+const HS_TRIPLE_LIQUID = HS_TRIPLE_POINT_ENDPOINTS.liquid;
+const HS_TRIPLE_VAPOR = HS_TRIPLE_POINT_ENDPOINTS.vapor;
+const HS_S13 = HS_R1_PMAX_623.entropy;
+const HS_S13S = HS_R1_B23_MIN.entropy;
+const HS_S_TP_MAX = HS_R2_PMAX_TMAX.entropy;
+const HS_S2AB = region2(C.R2_P_CRT, C.R2_T_MAX).entropy;
+// Covers the 0.0073 kJ/kg maximum boundary-equation error reported by IAPWS.
+const HS_SATURATION_BOUNDARY_CONFIRMATION_BAND = 0.01;
+const HS_SATURATION_BOUNDARY_ENTHALPY_TOLERANCE = 1e-8;
+const HS_SATURATION_INVERSION_UPPER_T = C.Tc - C.REGION4_SUBCRITICAL_TEMPERATURE_MARGIN;
+function hSatLow(s) {
+    return HS_TRIPLE_LIQUID.enthalpy +
+        (s - HS_TRIPLE_LIQUID.entropy) /
+            (HS_TRIPLE_VAPOR.entropy - HS_TRIPLE_LIQUID.entropy) *
+            (HS_TRIPLE_VAPOR.enthalpy - HS_TRIPLE_LIQUID.enthalpy);
+}
+function phaseState(endpoints, phase) {
+    return phase === 'liquid' ? endpoints.liquid : endpoints.vapor;
+}
+/**
+ * Invert one saturation endpoint's monotone entropy curve without scanning.
+ * The Clapeyron relation supplies dp_sat/dT, and the Gibbs Maxwell relation
+ * supplies the endpoint derivative along that curve.
+ */
+function saturationBoundaryEnthalpyAtEntropy(s, phase) {
+    let lower = C.Tt;
+    let upper = HS_SATURATION_INVERSION_UPPER_T;
+    const tripleEntropy = phaseState(HS_TRIPLE_POINT_ENDPOINTS, phase).entropy;
+    const criticalEntropy = C.R3_S_CRT;
+    const fraction = phase === 'liquid'
+        ? (s - tripleEntropy) / (criticalEntropy - tripleEntropy)
+        : (tripleEntropy - s) / (tripleEntropy - criticalEntropy);
+    const boundedFraction = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fraction));
+    let temperature = lower + boundedFraction * (upper - lower);
+    for (let iteration = 0; iteration < 12; iteration += 1) {
+        const endpoints = saturationEndpointsAtTemperature(temperature);
+        const state = phaseState(endpoints, phase);
+        const residual = state.entropy - s;
+        if (Math.abs(residual) <= 1e-12 * Math.max(1, Math.abs(s))) {
+            return state.enthalpy;
+        }
+        const residualIncreasesWithTemperature = phase === 'liquid';
+        if ((residual < 0) === residualIncreasesWithTemperature)
+            lower = temperature;
+        else
+            upper = temperature;
+        if (upper - lower <= 10 * C.REGION4_TEMPERATURE_TOLERANCE) {
+            return state.enthalpy;
+        }
+        const entropySpan = endpoints.vapor.entropy - endpoints.liquid.entropy;
+        const volumeSpan = endpoints.vapor.specificVolume - endpoints.liquid.specificVolume;
+        const dpSatDT = entropySpan / (1000 * volumeSpan);
+        const cp = state.cp;
+        const alpha = state.isobaricExpansion;
+        const derivative = cp === null || alpha === null
+            ? Number.NaN
+            : cp / temperature - 1000 * state.specificVolume * alpha * dpSatDT;
+        const candidate = temperature - residual / derivative;
+        temperature = Number.isFinite(candidate) && candidate > lower && candidate < upper
+            ? candidate
+            : (lower + upper) / 2;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+/** Replace the supplementary polynomial only in its narrow error band. */
+function refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, approximateBoundaryH) {
+    if (Math.abs(h - approximateBoundaryH) > HS_SATURATION_BOUNDARY_CONFIRMATION_BAND) {
+        return approximateBoundaryH;
+    }
+    const phase = s <= C.R3_S_CRT ? 'liquid' : 'vapor';
+    let exactBoundaryH;
+    try {
+        exactBoundaryH = saturationBoundaryEnthalpyAtEntropy(s, phase);
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        if (error instanceof IF97Error)
+            return approximateBoundaryH;
+        throw error;
+    }
+    return exactBoundaryH === null
+        ? approximateBoundaryH
+        : exactBoundaryH + HS_SATURATION_BOUNDARY_ENTHALPY_TOLERANCE;
+}
+function confirmedRegion4BoundaryState(h, s, approximateBoundaryH) {
+    if (Math.abs(h - approximateBoundaryH) > HS_SATURATION_BOUNDARY_CONFIRMATION_BAND) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    try {
+        return tryRegion4HSState(h, s) !== null;
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        if (error instanceof IF97Error)
+            return false;
+        throw error;
+    }
+}
+function r2R5BoundaryEnthalpy(s, lowEntropy, highEntropy, stateAtPressure) {
+    if (s < lowEntropy || s > highEntropy)
+        return null;
+    let lower = C.P_MIN;
+    let upper = C.R5_P_MAX;
+    const fraction = (highEntropy - s) / (highEntropy - lowEntropy);
+    let p = Math.exp(Math.log(lower) + fraction * (Math.log(upper) - Math.log(lower)));
+    for (let iteration = 0; iteration < 12; iteration += 1) {
+        const state = stateAtPressure(p);
+        const residual = state.entropy - s;
+        if (Math.abs(residual) <= 1e-12 * Math.max(1, Math.abs(s))) {
+            return state.enthalpy;
+        }
+        if (residual > 0)
+            lower = p;
+        else
+            upper = p;
+        const alpha = state.isobaricExpansion;
+        const derivative = alpha === null ? Number.NaN : -1000 * state.specificVolume * alpha;
+        const candidate = p - residual / derivative;
+        p = Number.isFinite(candidate) && candidate > lower && candidate < upper
+            ? candidate
+            : (lower + upper) / 2;
+    }
+    return stateAtPressure(p).enthalpy;
+}
+function classifyRegion5HS(h, s) {
+    if (!(HS_R5_LOWER.entropy < s && s <= HS_R5_UPPER.entropy &&
+        HS_R5_LOWER.enthalpy < h && h <= HS_R5_UPPER.enthalpy)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const region2BoundaryH = r2R5BoundaryEnthalpy(s, HS_R2_R5_PMAX.entropy, HS_R2_PMIN_TMAX.entropy, (p) => region2(p, C.R2_T_MAX));
+    const region5BoundaryH = r2R5BoundaryEnthalpy(s, HS_R5_LOWER.entropy, HS_R5_PMIN_TMIN.entropy, (p) => region5(p, C.R5_T_MIN));
+    if (region2BoundaryH === null) {
+        return region5BoundaryH === null || h > region5BoundaryH
+            ? Region.Region5
+            : null;
+    }
+    if (region5BoundaryH === null) {
+        return h > region2BoundaryH ? Region.Region5 : null;
+    }
+    const tolerance = 1e-10 * Math.max(1, Math.abs(h), Math.abs(region2BoundaryH), Math.abs(region5BoundaryH));
+    if (region5BoundaryH > region2BoundaryH + tolerance) {
+        if (h > region5BoundaryH + tolerance)
+            return Region.Region5;
+        if (h > region2BoundaryH + tolerance)
+            return -1;
+        return null;
+    }
+    if (region2BoundaryH > region5BoundaryH + tolerance) {
+        if (h > region2BoundaryH + tolerance)
+            return Region.Region5;
+        if (h <= region5BoundaryH + tolerance)
+            return null;
+        // The independently fitted Region 2 and 5 equations overlap slightly at
+        // 1073.15 K. H-S is non-unique there; choose the branch nearest its seam.
+        return h <= (region2BoundaryH + region5BoundaryH) / 2
+            ? Region.Region5
+            : null;
+    }
+    return h > region2BoundaryH + tolerance ? Region.Region5 : null;
+}
 /**
  * Detect the IAPWS-IF97 region for given H and S.
  * Implements the zone-based detection from the IAPWS supplementary release.
@@ -474,50 +652,30 @@ function backward2cPhs(h, s) {
  * @returns Region number (1–5) or -1 if out of range
  */
 export function detectRegionHS(h, s) {
-    // Pre-compute boundary reference points
-    const s13 = region1(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MIN).entropy;
-    const s13s = region1(C.B23_P_MIN, C.R2_T_MIN).entropy;
-    const sTPmax = region2(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MAX).entropy;
-    const s2ab = region2(C.R2_P_CRT, C.R2_T_MAX).entropy;
-    const region4State = tryRegion4HSState(h, s);
-    if (region4State !== null) {
+    if (s >= HS_TRIPLE_LIQUID.entropy && s <= HS_TRIPLE_VAPOR.entropy &&
+        isClose(h, hSatLow(s))) {
         return Region.Region4;
     }
-    const triplePointEndpoints = saturationEndpointsAtTemperature(C.Tt);
-    const _sL = triplePointEndpoints.liquid;
-    const h4l = _sL.enthalpy;
-    const s4l = _sL.entropy;
-    const _sV = triplePointEndpoints.vapor;
-    const h4v = _sV.enthalpy;
-    const s4v = _sV.entropy;
-    const _Pmax = region2(C.P_MIN, C.R2_T_MAX);
-    const smax = _Pmax.entropy;
-    // Check Region 5 first (before R2 overlap zones)
-    const r5lo = region5(C.R5_P_MAX, C.R5_T_MIN);
-    const r5hi = region5(C.P_MIN, C.R5_T_MAX);
-    if (r5lo.entropy < s && s <= r5hi.entropy &&
-        r5lo.enthalpy < h && h <= r5hi.enthalpy) {
-        return Region.Region5;
-    }
-    // Helper: linear interpolation for saturation lower bound
-    const hSatLow = (sVal) => h4l + (sVal - s4l) / (s4v - s4l) * (h4v - h4l);
+    const highTemperatureRegion = classifyRegion5HS(h, s);
+    if (highTemperatureRegion !== null)
+        return highTemperatureRegion;
     // Zone 1: smin <= s <= s13 (Region 1 / Region 4)
-    if (s >= _sL.entropy && s <= s13) {
+    if (s >= HS_TRIPLE_LIQUID.entropy && s <= HS_S13) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h1Sat(s);
+        const hs = refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, h1Sat(s));
         const hmax = h1UpperBoundAtPmax(s);
-        if (h >= hmin && h < hs)
+        if (h >= hmin && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (h >= hs && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region1;
     }
     // Zone 2: s13 < s <= s13s (Region 1 / Region 3 / Region 4)
-    else if (s > s13 && s <= s13s) {
+    else if (s > HS_S13 && s <= HS_S13S) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h1Sat(s);
+        const hs = refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, h1Sat(s));
         const h13 = h13Boundary(s);
-        const hmax = region1(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MIN).enthalpy * 1.1; // generous upper bound
-        if (h >= hmin && h < hs)
+        const hmax = 2800; // Region 3 upper bound
+        if (h >= hmin && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (h >= hs && h < h13)
             return Region.Region1;
@@ -525,11 +683,16 @@ export function detectRegionHS(h, s) {
             return Region.Region3;
     }
     // Zone 3: s13s < s <= R3_CRT_S (Region 3 / Region 4)
-    else if (s > s13s && s <= C.R3_S_CRT) {
+    else if (s > HS_S13S && s <= C.R3_S_CRT) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h3aSat(s);
         const hmax = 2800; // generous upper bound for R3
-        if (h >= hmin && h < hs)
+        const hs = h3aSat(s);
+        const confirmedRegion4 = confirmedRegion4BoundaryState(h, s, hs);
+        if (confirmedRegion4 === true)
+            return Region.Region4;
+        if (confirmedRegion4 === false && h >= hmin && h <= hmax)
+            return Region.Region3;
+        if (h >= hmin && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (h >= hs && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region3;
@@ -537,9 +700,14 @@ export function detectRegionHS(h, s) {
     // Zone 4: R3_CRT_S < s < B23_S_CURVE_MIN (Region 3 / Region 4)
     else if (s > C.R3_S_CRT && s < C.B23_S_CURVE_MIN) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h2c3bSat(s);
         const hmax = 2800; // generous upper bound for R3
-        if (h >= hmin && h < hs)
+        const hs = h2c3bSat(s);
+        const confirmedRegion4 = confirmedRegion4BoundaryState(h, s, hs);
+        if (confirmedRegion4 === true)
+            return Region.Region4;
+        if (confirmedRegion4 === false && h >= hmin && h <= hmax)
+            return Region.Region3;
+        if (h >= hmin && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (h >= hs && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region3;
@@ -547,11 +715,11 @@ export function detectRegionHS(h, s) {
     // Zone 5: B23_S_CURVE_MIN <= s < B23_S_CURVE_MAX (Region 2 / Region 3 / Region 4)
     else if (s >= C.B23_S_CURVE_MIN && s < C.B23_S_CURVE_MAX) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h2c3bSat(s);
-        const h23max = region2(C.P_MAX, C.B23_T_MAX).enthalpy;
-        const h23min = region2(C.B23_P_MIN, C.R2_T_MIN).enthalpy;
-        const hmax = region2(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MAX).enthalpy;
-        if (hmin <= h && h < hs)
+        const hs = refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, h2c3bSat(s));
+        const h23max = HS_R2_B23_MAX.enthalpy;
+        const h23min = HS_R2_B23_MIN.enthalpy;
+        const hmax = HS_R2_PMAX_TMAX.enthalpy;
+        if (hmin <= h && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (hs <= h && h < h23min)
             return Region.Region3;
@@ -570,50 +738,49 @@ export function detectRegionHS(h, s) {
     // Zone 6: B23_S_CURVE_MAX <= s < R2_S_CRT (Region 2 / Region 4)
     else if (s >= C.B23_S_CURVE_MAX && s < C.R2_S_CRT) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h2c3bSat(s);
-        const hmax = region2(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MAX).enthalpy;
-        if (hmin <= h && h < hs)
+        const hs = refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, h2c3bSat(s));
+        const hmax = HS_R2_PMAX_TMAX.enthalpy;
+        if (hmin <= h && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (hs <= h && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region2;
     }
     // Zone 7: R2_S_CRT <= s < sTPmax (Region 2 / Region 4, use h2abSat)
-    else if (s >= C.R2_S_CRT && s < sTPmax) {
+    else if (s >= C.R2_S_CRT && s < HS_S_TP_MAX) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h2abSat(s);
-        const hmax = region2(C.P_MAX, C.R2_T_MAX).enthalpy;
-        if (hmin <= h && h < hs)
+        const hs = refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, h2abSat(s));
+        const hmax = HS_R2_PMAX_TMAX.enthalpy;
+        if (hmin <= h && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (hs <= h && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region2;
     }
     // Zone 8: sTPmax <= s < s2ab (Region 2 / Region 4)
-    else if (s >= sTPmax && s < s2ab) {
+    else if (s >= HS_S_TP_MAX && s < HS_S2AB) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h2abSat(s);
-        const hmax = region2(C.P_MIN, C.R2_T_MAX).enthalpy;
-        if (hmin <= h && h < hs)
+        const hs = refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, h2abSat(s));
+        const hmax = HS_R2_PMIN_TMAX.enthalpy;
+        if (hmin <= h && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (hs <= h && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region2;
     }
     // Zone 9: s2ab <= s < s4v (Region 2 / Region 4)
-    else if (s >= s2ab && s < s4v) {
+    else if (s >= HS_S2AB && s < HS_TRIPLE_VAPOR.entropy) {
         const hmin = hSatLow(s);
-        const hs = h2abSat(s);
-        const hmax = region2(C.P_MIN, C.R2_T_MAX).enthalpy;
-        if (hmin <= h && h < hs)
+        const hs = refinedSaturationBoundaryEnthalpy(h, s, h2abSat(s));
+        const hmax = HS_R2_PMIN_TMAX.enthalpy;
+        if (hmin <= h && h <= hs)
             return Region.Region4;
         if (hs <= h && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region2;
     }
     // Zone 10: s4v <= s <= smax (Region 2 only, superheated low-P)
-    else if (s >= s4v && s <= smax) {
-        const hmin = h4v;
-        const hmax = region2(C.P_MIN, C.R2_T_MAX).enthalpy;
+    else if (s >= HS_TRIPLE_VAPOR.entropy && s <= HS_R2_PMIN_TMAX.entropy) {
+        const hmin = HS_TRIPLE_VAPOR.enthalpy;
+        const hmax = HS_R2_PMIN_TMAX.enthalpy;
         if (hmin <= h && h <= hmax)
             return Region.Region2;
     }
     return -1;
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region-detector.js.map

package/dist/core/region3-pt.d.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,18 @@
  * iterating on density. This module provides that inversion.
  */
 import type { BasicProperties } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * Solve for the Region 3 state at a target pressure and temperature.
+ *
+ * Newton-Raphson on p(ρ, T) − p_target = 0 using the analytic derivative
+ * (∂p/∂ρ)_T = 1 / (ρ κ_T).
+ *
+ * @param p    - Target pressure [MPa]
+ * @param T    - Temperature [K]
+ * @param rho0 - Initial density guess [kg/m³]
+ * @returns Basic thermodynamic properties at the converged density
+ */
+export declare function solveRegion3StateAtPressure(p: number, T: number, rho0: number): BasicProperties;
 /**
  * Compute Region 3 basic properties from pressure and temperature.
  *
@@ -17,4 +29,3 @@ import type { BasicProperties } from '../types.js';
  * @throws {IF97Error} if the density solve does not converge
  */
 export declare function solveRegion3PTBasic(p: number, T: number): BasicProperties;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-pt.d.ts.map

package/dist/core/region3-pt.js

@@ -3,6 +3,43 @@ import { IF97Error } from '../types.js';
 import { region3ByRhoT } from '../regions/region3.js';
 import { region3Volume } from '../regions/region3-subregions.js';
 import { newtonRaphson } from '../solvers/newton-raphson.js';
+/**
+ * Solve for the Region 3 state at a target pressure and temperature.
+ *
+ * Newton-Raphson on p(ρ, T) − p_target = 0 using the analytic derivative
+ * (∂p/∂ρ)_T = 1 / (ρ κ_T).
+ *
+ * @param p    - Target pressure [MPa]
+ * @param T    - Temperature [K]
+ * @param rho0 - Initial density guess [kg/m³]
+ * @returns Basic thermodynamic properties at the converged density
+ */
+export function solveRegion3StateAtPressure(p, T, rho0) {
+    // Keyed by ρ, so the residual and its derivative at the same point share one
+    // equation evaluation regardless of the order the solver calls them in.
+    let cachedRho = Number.NaN;
+    let cachedState = null;
+    const stateAt = (rho) => {
+        if (rho !== cachedRho || cachedState === null) {
+            cachedRho = rho;
+            cachedState = region3ByRhoT(rho, T);
+        }
+        return cachedState;
+    };
+    const rho = newtonRaphson((rhoGuess) => {
+        if (!Number.isFinite(rhoGuess) || rhoGuess <= 0) {
+            return Number.NaN;
+        }
+        return stateAt(rhoGuess).pressure - p;
+    }, rho0, (rhoGuess) => {
+        if (!Number.isFinite(rhoGuess) || rhoGuess <= 0) {
+            return Number.NaN;
+        }
+        const kappa = stateAt(rhoGuess).isothermalCompressibility;
+        return kappa === null ? Number.NaN : 1 / (rhoGuess * kappa);
+    });
+    return stateAt(rho);
+}
 /**
  * Compute Region 3 basic properties from pressure and temperature.
  *
@@ -18,18 +55,10 @@ export function solveRegion3PTBasic(p, T) {
     if (p === C.Pc && T === C.Tc) {
         return region3ByRhoT(C.RHOc, T);
     }
-    const v0 = region3Volume(p, T);
-    const rho = newtonRaphson((rhoGuess) => {
-        if (!Number.isFinite(rhoGuess) || rhoGuess <= 0) {
-            return Number.NaN;
-        }
-        return region3ByRhoT(rhoGuess, T).pressure - p;
-    }, 1 / v0);
-    const state = region3ByRhoT(rho, T);
+    const state = solveRegion3StateAtPressure(p, T, 1 / region3Volume(p, T));
     const relErr = Math.abs(state.pressure - p) / p;
     if (relErr > 1e-6) {
         throw new IF97Error(`solveRegion3PTBasic: density solve did not converge — target P=${p} MPa, got P=${state.pressure.toFixed(6)} MPa (relErr=${relErr.toExponential(2)})`);
     }
     return state;
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-pt.js.map

package/dist/core/solve-input-normalization.d.ts

@@ -33,4 +33,3 @@ export type CanonicalSolveInput = {
     s: number;
 };
 export declare function normalizeSolveInput(input: SolveInput): CanonicalSolveInput;
-//# sourceMappingURL=solve-input-normalization.d.ts.map

package/dist/core/solve-input-normalization.js

@@ -71,4 +71,3 @@ export function normalizeSolveInput(input) {
             throw new IF97Error(`Unsupported solve mode: ${input.mode ?? 'undefined'}`);
     }
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=solve-input-normalization.js.map

package/dist/core/solver.d.ts

@@ -17,4 +17,3 @@ export declare function solvePT(p: number, T: number): SteamState;
  * and accepts either shorthand or long-form input field names.
  */
 export declare function solve(input: SolveInput): SteamState;
-//# sourceMappingURL=solver.d.ts.map

package/dist/core/solver.js

@@ -105,4 +105,3 @@ export function solve(input) {
             throw new IF97Error(`Unsupported solve mode: ${input.mode ?? 'undefined'}`);
     }
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=solver.js.map

package/dist/detect.d.ts

@@ -2,4 +2,3 @@
  * Public region-detection helper exports.
  */
 export { detectRegionPT, detectRegionPH, detectRegionPS, detectRegionHS, detectRegionTH, detectRegionTS, } from './core/region-detector.js';
-//# sourceMappingURL=detect.d.ts.map

package/dist/detect.js

@@ -2,4 +2,3 @@
  * Public region-detection helper exports.
  */
 export { detectRegionPT, detectRegionPH, detectRegionPS, detectRegionHS, detectRegionTH, detectRegionTS, } from './core/region-detector.js';
-//# sourceMappingURL=detect.js.map

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ export declare function solvePx(p: number, x: number): SteamState;
 export declare function solveTx(T: number, x: number): SteamState;
 export type { SteamState, SolveInput } from './types.js';
 export { Region, IF97Error, OutOfRangeError, ConvergenceError } from './types.js';
-//# sourceMappingURL=index.d.ts.map

package/dist/index.js

@@ -34,4 +34,3 @@ export function solveTx(T, x) {
     return normalizeSteamState(solveAny({ mode: 'Tx', T, x }));
 }
 export { Region, IF97Error, OutOfRangeError, ConvergenceError } from './types.js';
-//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/regions/boundaries.d.ts

@@ -38,4 +38,3 @@ export declare function b3rx(p: number): number;
 export declare function b3uv(p: number): number;
 /** B3wx boundary: P → T */
 export declare function b3wx(p: number): number;
-//# sourceMappingURL=boundaries.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/boundaries.js

@@ -103,4 +103,3 @@ export function b3uv(p) {
 export function b3wx(p) {
     return polyEvalLn(p, [0, 1, 2, -1, -2], [7.2805260914538, 9.73505869861952e1, 1.47370491183191e1, 0.329196213998375e3, 8.73371668682417e2]);
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=boundaries.js.map

package/dist/regions/region1.d.ts

@@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ import type { BasicProperties } from '../types.js';
  * @returns Basic thermodynamic properties
  */
 export declare function region1(p: number, T: number): BasicProperties;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region1.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/region1.js

@@ -92,4 +92,3 @@ export function region1(p, T) {
         isothermalCompressibility: -pi * g_pipi / g_pi / p,
     };
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region1.js.map

package/dist/regions/region2.d.ts

@@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ import type { BasicProperties } from '../types.js';
  * @returns Basic thermodynamic properties
  */
 export declare function region2(p: number, T: number): BasicProperties;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region2.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/region2.js

@@ -131,4 +131,3 @@ export function region2(p, T) {
         isothermalCompressibility: (1 - pi * pi * gr_pipi) / (1 + pi * gr_pi) / p,
     };
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region2.js.map

package/dist/regions/region3-data.d.ts

@@ -58,4 +58,3 @@ export declare const REGION3_SUBREGIONS: {
     readonly Z: SubregionConfig;
 };
 export type Region3SubregionName = keyof typeof REGION3_SUBREGIONS;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-data.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/region3-data.js

@@ -130,4 +130,3 @@ export const REGION3_SUBREGIONS = {
     Y: R3Y,
     Z: R3Z,
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-data.js.map

package/dist/regions/region3-eval.d.ts

@@ -27,4 +27,3 @@ export interface SubregionConfig {
  * Evaluate a Region 3 subregion backward equation v(P,T).
  */
 export declare function evalSubregion(cfg: SubregionConfig, p: number, T: number): number;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-eval.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/region3-eval.js

@@ -22,4 +22,3 @@ export function evalSubregion(cfg, p, T) {
         return cfg.vStar * Math.exp(v);
     return cfg.vStar * v;
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-eval.js.map

package/dist/regions/region3-subregions.d.ts

@@ -6,4 +6,3 @@ export declare function region3SatVolume(p: number, T: number, x: number): numbe
  *  Pressure thresholds from IAPWS Supplementary Release on Backward
  *  Equations v(P,T) for Region 3, Figures 2–5. */
 export declare function region3Volume(p: number, T: number): number;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-subregions.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/region3-subregions.js

@@ -168,4 +168,3 @@ export function region3Volume(p, T) {
     }
     throw new IF97Error('Region 3 v(P,T): pressure out of range');
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3-subregions.js.map

package/dist/regions/region3.d.ts

@@ -19,4 +19,3 @@ import type { BasicProperties } from '../types.js';
  * @throws {IF97Error} if rho is non-finite or not strictly positive
  */
 export declare function region3ByRhoT(rho: number, T: number): BasicProperties;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/region3.js

@@ -119,4 +119,3 @@ export function region3ByRhoT(rho, T) {
             rho / R / T * 1000,
     };
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region3.js.map

package/dist/regions/region4.d.ts

@@ -26,4 +26,3 @@ export declare function saturationPressure(T: number): number;
  * @throws {OutOfRangeError} if P is outside valid range
  */
 export declare function saturationTemperature(p: number): number;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region4.d.ts.map

package/dist/regions/region4.js

@@ -62,4 +62,3 @@ export function saturationTemperature(p) {
     const D = 2 * G / (-F - Math.sqrt(F * F - 4 * E * G));
     return normalizeRegion4Temperature((n[10] + D - Math.sqrt(Math.pow(n[10] + D, 2) - 4 * (n[9] + n[10] * D))) / 2);
 }
-//# sourceMappingURL=region4.js.map

package/dist/regions/region5.d.ts

@@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ import type { BasicProperties } from '../types.js';
  * @returns Basic thermodynamic properties
  */
 export declare function region5(p: number, T: number): BasicProperties;
-//# sourceMappingURL=region5.d.ts.map