hwpkit-dev 0.0.1 → 0.0.3

package/src/encoders/docx/DocxEncoder.ts

@@ -1,34 +1,60 @@
-import type { Encoder } from '../../contract/encoder';
-import type { DocRoot, ParaNode, SpanNode, GridNode, ContentNode, ImgNode, SheetNode } from '../../model/doc-tree';
-import type { Outcome } from '../../contract/result';
-import type { PageDims, GridProps, CellProps } from '../../model/doc-props';
-import { A4, normalizeDims } from '../../model/doc-props';
-import { succeed, fail } from '../../contract/result';
-import { Metric } from '../../safety/StyleBridge';
-import { ArchiveKit } from '../../toolkit/ArchiveKit';
-import { TextKit } from '../../toolkit/TextKit';
-import { registry } from '../../pipeline/registry';
-
-interface ImageEntry { rId: string; name: string; data: Uint8Array; ext: string }
-
-export class DocxEncoder implements Encoder {
-  readonly format = 'docx';
+import type {
+  DocRoot,
+  ParaNode,
+  SpanNode,
+  GridNode,
+  ContentNode,
+  ImgNode,
+  SheetNode,
+} from "../../model/doc-tree";
+import type { Outcome } from "../../contract/result";
+import type { PageDims, GridProps, CellProps } from "../../model/doc-props";
+import { A4, normalizeDims } from "../../model/doc-props";
+import { succeed, fail } from "../../contract/result";
+import { Metric } from "../../safety/StyleBridge";
+import { ArchiveKit } from "../../toolkit/ArchiveKit";
+import { TextKit } from "../../toolkit/TextKit";
+import { registry } from "../../pipeline/registry";
+import { BaseEncoder } from "../../core/BaseEncoder";
+
+interface ImageEntry {
+  rId: string;
+  name: string;
+  data: Uint8Array;
+  ext: string;
+}
+
+export class DocxEncoder extends BaseEncoder {
+  protected getFormat(): string {
+    return "docx";
+  }
 
   async encode(doc: DocRoot): Promise<Outcome<Uint8Array>> {
     try {
-      const sheet = doc.kids[0];
-      const dims  = normalizeDims(sheet?.dims ?? A4);
-      const kids  = sheet?.kids ?? [];
-
-      const images: ImageEntry[] = [];
-      const ctx: EncCtx = { images, nextId: 10, nextImgNum: 1, warns: [], imgMap: new WeakMap() };
+      // 모든 섹션(SheetNode)을 처리 — 첫 번째 섹션에서 헤더/푸터/페이지 설정을 가져오고
+      // 이후 섹션들의 콘텐츠는 sectPr로 구분하여 단일 body에 병합한다.
+      const sheets = doc.kids.length > 0 ? doc.kids : [];
+      const firstSheet = sheets[0];
+      const dims = normalizeDims(firstSheet?.dims ?? A4);
 
-      // Collect images from content
-      collectImages(kids, ctx);
+      // 모든 섹션의 콘텐츠를 합산
+      const allKids: ContentNode[] = sheets.flatMap((s) => s?.kids ?? []);
 
-      // Header / footer
-      let headerParas = sheet?.header;
-      let footerParas = sheet?.footer;
+      const images: ImageEntry[] = [];
+      const ctx: EncCtx = {
+        images,
+        nextId: 10,
+        nextImgNum: 1,
+        warns: [],
+        imgMap: new WeakMap(),
+      };
+
+      // Collect images from all content
+      collectImages(allKids, ctx);
+
+      // Header / footer (첫 번째 섹션 기준)
+      let headerParas = firstSheet?.headers?.default;
+      let footerParas = firstSheet?.footers?.default;
       const hasHeader = headerParas && headerParas.length > 0;
       const hasFooter = footerParas && footerParas.length > 0;
 
@@ -36,34 +62,62 @@ export class DocxEncoder implements Encoder {
       if (hasHeader) collectImagesFromParas(headerParas!, ctx);
       if (hasFooter) collectImagesFromParas(footerParas!, ctx);
 
-      const headerRId = hasHeader ? `rId${ctx.nextId++}` : '';
-      const footerRId = hasFooter ? `rId${ctx.nextId++}` : '';
+      const headerRId = hasHeader ? `rId${ctx.nextId++}` : "";
+      const footerRId = hasFooter ? `rId${ctx.nextId++}` : "";
+
+      // Numbering: collect list info from all sections
+      const numInfo = collectNumbering(allKids);
 
-      // Numbering: collect list info
-      const numInfo = collectNumbering(kids);
+      // kids 참조를 allKids로 통일 (후속 코드 호환)
+      const kids = allKids;
 
       const entries: { name: string; data: Uint8Array }[] = [
-        { name: '[Content_Types].xml',            data: TextKit.encode(contentTypes(images, hasHeader, hasFooter)) },
-        { name: '_rels/.rels',                    data: TextKit.encode(pkgRels()) },
-        { name: 'word/document.xml',              data: TextKit.encode(documentXml(kids, dims, ctx, headerRId, footerRId)) },
-        { name: 'word/styles.xml',                data: TextKit.encode(stylesXml()) },
-        { name: 'word/settings.xml',              data: TextKit.encode(settingsXml()) },
-        { name: 'word/_rels/document.xml.rels',   data: TextKit.encode(docRels(images, headerRId, footerRId, numInfo.hasLists)) },
-        { name: 'docProps/app.xml',               data: TextKit.encode(appXml()) },
-        { name: 'docProps/core.xml',              data: TextKit.encode(coreXml(doc.meta)) },
+        {
+          name: "[Content_Types].xml",
+          data: this.stringToBytes(contentTypes(images, hasHeader, hasFooter)),
+        },
+        { name: "_rels/.rels", data: this.stringToBytes(pkgRels()) },
+        {
+          name: "word/document.xml",
+          data: this.stringToBytes(
+            documentXml(kids, dims, ctx, headerRId, footerRId),
+          ),
+        },
+        { name: "word/styles.xml", data: this.stringToBytes(stylesXml()) },
+        { name: "word/settings.xml", data: this.stringToBytes(settingsXml()) },
+        {
+          name: "word/_rels/document.xml.rels",
+          data: this.stringToBytes(
+            docRels(images, headerRId, footerRId, numInfo.hasLists),
+          ),
+        },
+        { name: "docProps/app.xml", data: this.stringToBytes(appXml()) },
+        {
+          name: "docProps/core.xml",
+          data: this.stringToBytes(coreXml(doc.meta)),
+        },
       ];
 
       // Add numbering.xml if needed
       if (numInfo.hasLists) {
-        entries.push({ name: 'word/numbering.xml', data: TextKit.encode(numberingXml(numInfo)) });
+        entries.push({
+          name: "word/numbering.xml",
+          data: this.stringToBytes(numberingXml(numInfo)),
+        });
       }
 
       // Add header/footer files
       if (hasHeader) {
-        entries.push({ name: 'word/header1.xml', data: TextKit.encode(headerFooterXml('hdr', headerParas!, ctx)) });
+        entries.push({
+          name: "word/header1.xml",
+          data: this.stringToBytes(headerFooterXml("hdr", headerParas!, ctx)),
+        });
       }
       if (hasFooter) {
-        entries.push({ name: 'word/footer1.xml', data: TextKit.encode(headerFooterXml('ftr', footerParas!, ctx)) });
+        entries.push({
+          name: "word/footer1.xml",
+          data: this.stringToBytes(headerFooterXml("ftr", footerParas!, ctx)),
+        });
       }
 
       // Add image media files
@@ -71,7 +125,7 @@ export class DocxEncoder implements Encoder {
         entries.push({ name: `word/media/${img.name}`, data: img.data });
       }
 
-      return succeed(await ArchiveKit.zip(entries));
+      return succeed(await this.zip(entries));
     } catch (e: any) {
       return fail(`DOCX encode error: ${e?.message ?? String(e)}`);
     }
@@ -91,19 +145,21 @@ interface EncCtx {
 // ─── Image collection ───────────────────────────────────────
 
 function mimeToExt(mime: string): string {
-  if (mime.includes('jpeg')) return 'jpeg';
-  if (mime.includes('gif')) return 'gif';
-  if (mime.includes('bmp')) return 'bmp';
-  return 'png';
+  if (mime.includes("jpeg")) return "jpeg";
+  if (mime.includes("gif")) return "gif";
+  if (mime.includes("bmp")) return "bmp";
+  return "png";
 }
 
 function collectImages(kids: ContentNode[], ctx: EncCtx): void {
   for (const kid of kids) {
-    if (kid.tag === 'para') collectImagesFromPara(kid, ctx);
-    else if (kid.tag === 'grid') {
+    if (kid.tag === "para") collectImagesFromPara(kid, ctx);
+    else if (kid.tag === "grid") {
       for (const row of kid.kids)
         for (const cell of row.kids)
-          for (const p of cell.kids) collectImagesFromPara(p, ctx);
+          for (const p of cell.kids)
+            if (p.tag === "para") collectImagesFromPara(p, ctx);
+            else collectImages([p], ctx);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -114,7 +170,7 @@ function collectImagesFromParas(paras: ParaNode[], ctx: EncCtx): void {
 
 function collectImagesFromPara(para: ParaNode, ctx: EncCtx): void {
   for (const kid of para.kids) {
-    if (kid.tag === 'img') registerImage(kid, ctx);
+    if (kid.tag === "img") registerImage(kid, ctx);
   }
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +196,7 @@ function collectNumbering(kids: ContentNode[]): NumInfo {
   let hasBullet = false;
   let hasNumbered = false;
   for (const kid of kids) {
-    if (kid.tag === 'para') {
+    if (kid.tag === "para") {
       if (kid.props.listOrd === true) hasNumbered = true;
       else if (kid.props.listOrd === false) hasBullet = true;
     }
@@ -150,7 +206,11 @@ function collectNumbering(kids: ContentNode[]): NumInfo {
 
 // ─── OOXML boilerplate ──────────────────────────────────────
 
-function contentTypes(images: ImageEntry[], hasHeader?: boolean, hasFooter?: boolean): string {
+function contentTypes(
+  images: ImageEntry[],
+  hasHeader?: boolean,
+  hasFooter?: boolean,
+): string {
   const imgDefaults = new Set<string>();
   for (const img of images) imgDefaults.add(img.ext);
 
@@ -158,7 +218,14 @@ function contentTypes(images: ImageEntry[], hasHeader?: boolean, hasFooter?: boo
   <Default Extension="xml" ContentType="application/xml"/>`;
 
   for (const ext of imgDefaults) {
-    const ct = ext === 'png' ? 'image/png' : ext === 'jpeg' ? 'image/jpeg' : ext === 'gif' ? 'image/gif' : 'image/bmp';
+    const ct =
+      ext === "png"
+        ? "image/png"
+        : ext === "jpeg"
+          ? "image/jpeg"
+          : ext === "gif"
+            ? "image/gif"
+            : "image/bmp";
     defaults += `\n  <Default Extension="${ext}" ContentType="${ct}"/>`;
   }
 
@@ -168,8 +235,10 @@ function contentTypes(images: ImageEntry[], hasHeader?: boolean, hasFooter?: boo
   <Override PartName="/docProps/core.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.core-properties+xml"/>
   <Override PartName="/docProps/app.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.extended-properties+xml"/>`;
 
-  if (hasHeader) overrides += `\n  <Override PartName="/word/header1.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.header+xml"/>`;
-  if (hasFooter) overrides += `\n  <Override PartName="/word/footer1.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.footer+xml"/>`;
+  if (hasHeader)
+    overrides += `\n  <Override PartName="/word/header1.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.header+xml"/>`;
+  if (hasFooter)
+    overrides += `\n  <Override PartName="/word/footer1.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.footer+xml"/>`;
 
   return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <Types xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/content-types">
@@ -187,7 +256,12 @@ function pkgRels(): string {
 </Relationships>`;
 }
 
-function docRels(images: ImageEntry[], headerRId?: string, footerRId?: string, hasLists?: boolean): string {
+function docRels(
+  images: ImageEntry[],
+  headerRId?: string,
+  footerRId?: string,
+  hasLists?: boolean,
+): string {
   let rels = `<Relationship Id="rId1" Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles" Target="styles.xml"/>
   <Relationship Id="rId2" Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/settings" Target="settings.xml"/>`;
 
@@ -224,8 +298,8 @@ function coreXml(meta: any): string {
   const now = new Date().toISOString();
   return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <cp:coreProperties xmlns:cp="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/metadata/core-properties" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-  <dc:title>${esc(meta.title ?? '')}</dc:title>
-  <dc:creator>${esc(meta.author ?? '')}</dc:creator>
+  <dc:title>${esc(meta.title ?? "")}</dc:title>
+  <dc:creator>${esc(meta.author ?? "")}</dc:creator>
   <dcterms:created xsi:type="dcterms:W3CDTF">${meta.created ?? now}</dcterms:created>
   <dcterms:modified xsi:type="dcterms:W3CDTF">${now}</dcterms:modified>
 </cp:coreProperties>`;
@@ -241,7 +315,7 @@ function stylesXml(): string {
       <w:szCs w:val="20"/>
     </w:rPr></w:rPrDefault>
     <w:pPrDefault><w:pPr>
-      <w:spacing w:after="0" w:line="384" w:lineRule="auto"/>
+      <w:spacing w:after="0" w:line="240" w:lineRule="auto"/>
       <w:jc w:val="both"/>
     </w:pPr></w:pPrDefault>
   </w:docDefaults>
@@ -252,7 +326,7 @@ function stylesXml(): string {
   <w:style w:type="paragraph" w:styleId="Header"><w:name w:val="header"/><w:basedOn w:val="Normal"/></w:style>
   <w:style w:type="paragraph" w:styleId="Footer"><w:name w:val="footer"/><w:basedOn w:val="Normal"/></w:style>
   <w:style w:type="paragraph" w:styleId="ListParagraph"><w:name w:val="List Paragraph"/><w:basedOn w:val="Normal"/><w:pPr><w:ind w:left="720"/></w:pPr></w:style>
-  <w:style w:type="table" w:styleId="TableGrid"><w:name w:val="Table Grid"/><w:tblPr><w:tblBorders><w:top w:val="single" w:sz="4" w:space="0" w:color="000000"/><w:left w:val="single" w:sz="4" w:space="0" w:color="000000"/><w:bottom w:val="single" w:sz="4" w:space="0" w:color="000000"/><w:right w:val="single" w:sz="4" w:space="0" w:color="000000"/><w:insideH w:val="single" w:sz="4" w:space="0" w:color="000000"/><w:insideV w:val="single" w:sz="4" w:space="0" w:color="000000"/></w:tblBorders></w:tblPr></w:style>
+  <w:style w:type="table" w:styleId="TableGrid"><w:name w:val="Table Grid"/><w:tblPr><w:tblBorders><w:top w:val="none" w:sz="0" w:space="0" w:color="auto"/><w:left w:val="none" w:sz="0" w:space="0" w:color="auto"/><w:bottom w:val="none" w:sz="0" w:space="0" w:color="auto"/><w:right w:val="none" w:sz="0" w:space="0" w:color="auto"/><w:insideH w:val="none" w:sz="0" w:space="0" w:color="auto"/><w:insideV w:val="none" w:sz="0" w:space="0" w:color="auto"/></w:tblBorders></w:tblPr></w:style>
 </w:styles>`;
 }
 
@@ -278,14 +352,14 @@ function settingsXml(): string {
 // ─── numbering.xml ──────────────────────────────────────────
 
 function numberingXml(info: NumInfo): string {
-  let abstractNums = '';
-  let nums = '';
+  let abstractNums = "";
+  let nums = "";
 
   // Bullet list: abstractNumId=0, numId=1
   if (info.hasBullet) {
     abstractNums += `<w:abstractNum w:abstractNumId="0">`;
     for (let lvl = 0; lvl < 9; lvl++) {
-      const marker = lvl === 0 ? '●' : lvl === 1 ? '○' : '■';
+      const marker = lvl === 0 ? "●" : lvl === 1 ? "○" : "■";
       const indent = (lvl + 1) * 720;
       abstractNums += `<w:lvl w:ilvl="${lvl}"><w:numFmt w:val="bullet"/><w:lvlText w:val="${marker}"/><w:pPr><w:ind w:left="${indent}" w:hanging="360"/></w:pPr></w:lvl>`;
     }
@@ -297,7 +371,12 @@ function numberingXml(info: NumInfo): string {
   if (info.hasNumbered) {
     abstractNums += `<w:abstractNum w:abstractNumId="1">`;
     for (let lvl = 0; lvl < 9; lvl++) {
-      const fmt = lvl % 3 === 0 ? 'decimal' : lvl % 3 === 1 ? 'lowerLetter' : 'lowerRoman';
+      const fmt =
+        lvl % 3 === 0
+          ? "decimal"
+          : lvl % 3 === 1
+            ? "lowerLetter"
+            : "lowerRoman";
       const indent = (lvl + 1) * 720;
       abstractNums += `<w:lvl w:ilvl="${lvl}"><w:start w:val="1"/><w:numFmt w:val="${fmt}"/><w:lvlText w:val="%${lvl + 1}."/><w:pPr><w:ind w:left="${indent}" w:hanging="360"/></w:pPr></w:lvl>`;
     }
@@ -314,9 +393,13 @@ function numberingXml(info: NumInfo): string {
 
 // ─── header / footer xml ────────────────────────────────────
 
-function headerFooterXml(type: 'hdr' | 'ftr', paras: ParaNode[], ctx: EncCtx): string {
-  const tag = type === 'hdr' ? 'w:hdr' : 'w:ftr';
-  const body = paras.map(p => encodeParaInner(p, ctx)).join('\n');
+function headerFooterXml(
+  type: "hdr" | "ftr",
+  paras: ParaNode[],
+  ctx: EncCtx,
+): string {
+  const tag = type === "hdr" ? "w:hdr" : "w:ftr";
+  const body = paras.map((p) => encodeParaInner(p, ctx)).join("\n");
   return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <${tag} xmlns:w="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main" xmlns:r="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships" xmlns:wp="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/wordprocessingDrawing" xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main" xmlns:pic="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture">
 ${body}
@@ -325,66 +408,110 @@ ${body}
 
 // ─── document.xml ───────────────────────────────────────────
 
-function documentXml(kids: ContentNode[], dims: PageDims, ctx: EncCtx, headerRId?: string, footerRId?: string): string {
-  const body = kids.map(k => encodeContent(k, ctx, dims)).join('\n');
+function documentXml(
+  kids: ContentNode[],
+  dims: PageDims,
+  ctx: EncCtx,
+  headerRId?: string,
+  footerRId?: string,
+): string {
+  const body = kids.map((k) => encodeContent(k, ctx, dims)).join("\n");
 
-  let sectRefs = '';
-  if (headerRId) sectRefs += `\n      <w:headerReference w:type="default" r:id="${headerRId}"/>`;
-  if (footerRId) sectRefs += `\n      <w:footerReference w:type="default" r:id="${footerRId}"/>`;
+  let sectRefs = "";
+  if (headerRId)
+    sectRefs += `\n      <w:headerReference w:type="default" r:id="${headerRId}"/>`;
+  if (footerRId)
+    sectRefs += `\n      <w:footerReference w:type="default" r:id="${footerRId}"/>`;
 
   return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <w:document xmlns:w="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main" xmlns:r="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships" xmlns:wp="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/wordprocessingDrawing" xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main" xmlns:pic="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture">
   <w:body>
 ${body}
     <w:sectPr>${sectRefs}
-      <w:pgSz w:w="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.wPt)}" w:h="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.hPt)}" w:orient="${dims.orient ?? 'portrait'}"/>
+      <w:pgSz w:w="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.wPt)}" w:h="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.hPt)}" w:orient="${dims.orient ?? "portrait"}"/>
       <w:pgMar w:top="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.mt)}" w:right="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.mr)}" w:bottom="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.mb)}" w:left="${Metric.ptToDxa(dims.ml)}" w:header="709" w:footer="709" w:gutter="0"/>
     </w:sectPr>
   </w:body>
 </w:document>`;
 }
 
-function encodeContent(node: ContentNode, ctx: EncCtx, dims?: PageDims): string {
-  return node.tag === 'grid' ? encodeGrid(node, ctx, dims) : encodeParaInner(node, ctx);
+function encodeContent(
+  node: ContentNode,
+  ctx: EncCtx,
+  dims?: PageDims,
+): string {
+  return node.tag === "grid"
+    ? encodeGrid(node, ctx, dims)
+    : encodeParaInner(node, ctx);
 }
 
 function encodeParaInner(para: ParaNode, ctx: EncCtx): string {
-  const align = para.props.align ?? 'left';
-  const headStyle = para.props.heading ? `<w:pStyle w:val="Heading${para.props.heading}"/>` : '';
+  const align = para.props.align ?? "left";
+  const headStyle = para.props.heading
+    ? `<w:pStyle w:val="Heading${para.props.heading}"/>`
+    : "";
 
   // List numbering
-  let numPr = '';
+  let numPr = "";
   if (para.props.listOrd !== undefined) {
     const numId = para.props.listOrd ? 2 : 1;
     const ilvl = para.props.listLv ?? 0;
     numPr = `<w:pStyle w:val="ListParagraph"/><w:numPr><w:ilvl w:val="${ilvl}"/><w:numId w:val="${numId}"/></w:numPr>`;
   }
 
-  // Spacing (before / after / line height)
-  let spacingXml = '';
-  const { spaceBefore, spaceAfter, lineHeight } = para.props;
-  if (spaceBefore !== undefined || spaceAfter !== undefined || lineHeight !== undefined) {
+  // Spacing (before / after / line height) - ensure all values are non-negative
+  // ECMA-376 §17.3.1.33 spacing: line은 1/240th of a line(auto) 또는 dxa(exact/atLeast)
+  let spacingXml = "";
+  const { spaceBefore, spaceAfter, lineHeight, lineHeightFixed } = para.props;
+  if (
+    spaceBefore !== undefined ||
+    spaceAfter !== undefined ||
+    lineHeight !== undefined ||
+    lineHeightFixed !== undefined
+  ) {
     const parts: string[] = [];
-    if (spaceBefore !== undefined) parts.push(`w:before="${Metric.ptToDxa(spaceBefore)}"`);
-    if (spaceAfter  !== undefined) parts.push(`w:after="${Metric.ptToDxa(spaceAfter)}"`);
-    if (lineHeight  !== undefined) parts.push(`w:line="${Math.round(lineHeight * 240)}" w:lineRule="auto"`);
-    spacingXml = `<w:spacing ${parts.join(' ')}/>`;
-  }
-
-  // Indentation
-  let indentXml = '';
-  if (para.props.indentPt !== undefined) {
-    indentXml = `<w:ind w:left="${Metric.ptToDxa(para.props.indentPt)}"/>`;
+    if (spaceBefore !== undefined)
+      parts.push(`w:before="${Math.max(0, Metric.ptToDxa(spaceBefore))}"`);
+    if (spaceAfter !== undefined)
+      parts.push(`w:after="${Math.max(0, Metric.ptToDxa(spaceAfter))}"`);
+    if (lineHeightFixed !== undefined) {
+      // FIXED: lineRule="exact", line값은 dxa (1pt = 20dxa)
+      parts.push(
+        `w:line="${Math.max(1, Metric.ptToDxa(lineHeightFixed))}" w:lineRule="exact"`,
+      );
+    } else if (lineHeight !== undefined) {
+      parts.push(`w:line="${Math.round(lineHeight * 240)}" w:lineRule="auto"`);
+    }
+    spacingXml = `<w:spacing ${parts.join(" ")}/>`;
   }
 
-  const runs = para.kids.map(k => {
-    if (k.tag === 'span') return encodeRun(k, ctx);
-    if (k.tag === 'img') return encodeImage(k, ctx);
-    return '';
-  }).join('');
+  // Indentation — ECMA-376 §17.3.1.12 ind
+  // w:left = 전체 왼쪽 여백(dxa), w:right = 전체 오른쪽 여백(dxa)
+  // w:firstLine = 첫 줄 추가 들여쓰기(dxa, 양수), w:hanging = 내어쓰기(dxa, 양수값으로 표현)
+  let indentXml = "";
+  const leftDxa = Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(para.props.indentPt ?? 0));
+  const rightDxa = Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(para.props.indentRightPt ?? 0));
+  const firstPt = para.props.firstLineIndentPt ?? 0;
+
+  const indParts: string[] = [];
+  if (leftDxa > 0) indParts.push(`w:left="${leftDxa}"`);
+  if (rightDxa > 0) indParts.push(`w:right="${rightDxa}"`);
+  if (firstPt > 0)
+    indParts.push(`w:firstLine="${Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(firstPt))}"`);
+  if (firstPt < 0)
+    indParts.push(`w:hanging="${Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(-firstPt))}"`);
+  if (indParts.length > 0) indentXml = `<w:ind ${indParts.join(" ")}/>`;
+
+  const runs = para.kids
+    .map((k) => {
+      if (k.tag === "span") return encodeRun(k, ctx);
+      if (k.tag === "img") return encodeImage(k, ctx);
+      return "";
+    })
+    .join("");
 
   return `    <w:p>
-      <w:pPr>${headStyle}${numPr}${spacingXml}${indentXml}<w:jc w:val="${align === 'justify' ? 'both' : align}"/></w:pPr>
+      <w:pPr>${headStyle}${numPr}${spacingXml}${indentXml}<w:jc w:val="${align === "justify" ? "both" : align}"/></w:pPr>
       ${runs}
     </w:p>`;
 }
@@ -392,319 +519,497 @@ function encodeParaInner(para: ParaNode, ctx: EncCtx): string {
 function encodeRun(span: SpanNode, _ctx: EncCtx): string {
   const p = span.props;
   const rPr: string[] = [];
-  if (p.b) rPr.push('<w:b/>');
-  if (p.i) rPr.push('<w:i/>');
+  if (p.b) rPr.push("<w:b/>");
+  if (p.i) rPr.push("<w:i/>");
   if (p.u) rPr.push('<w:u w:val="single"/>');
-  if (p.s) rPr.push('<w:strike/>');
+  if (p.s) rPr.push("<w:strike/>");
   if (p.sup) rPr.push('<w:vertAlign w:val="superscript"/>');
   if (p.sub) rPr.push('<w:vertAlign w:val="subscript"/>');
-  if (p.pt) rPr.push(`<w:sz w:val="${Metric.ptToHalfPt(p.pt)}"/><w:szCs w:val="${Metric.ptToHalfPt(p.pt)}"/>`);
+  if (p.pt)
+    rPr.push(
+      `<w:sz w:val="${Metric.ptToHalfPt(p.pt)}"/><w:szCs w:val="${Metric.ptToHalfPt(p.pt)}"/>`,
+    );
   if (p.color) rPr.push(`<w:color w:val="${p.color}"/>`);
-  if (p.font) rPr.push(`<w:rFonts w:ascii="${esc(p.font)}" w:hAnsi="${esc(p.font)}" w:eastAsia="${esc(p.font)}"/>`);
+  if (p.font)
+    rPr.push(
+      `<w:rFonts w:ascii="${esc(p.font)}" w:hAnsi="${esc(p.font)}" w:eastAsia="${esc(p.font)}"/>`,
+    );
   if (p.bg) rPr.push(`<w:shd w:val="clear" w:color="auto" w:fill="${p.bg}"/>`);
 
   // Process kids — text and pagenum
   const parts: string[] = [];
   for (const kid of span.kids) {
-    if (kid.tag === 'txt') {
-      parts.push(`<w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join('')}</w:rPr><w:t xml:space="preserve">${esc(kid.content)}</w:t></w:r>`);
-    } else if (kid.tag === 'pagenum') {
-      parts.push(`<w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join('')}</w:rPr><w:fldChar w:fldCharType="begin"/></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join('')}</w:rPr><w:instrText> PAGE </w:instrText></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join('')}</w:rPr><w:fldChar w:fldCharType="separate"/></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join('')}</w:rPr><w:t>1</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join('')}</w:rPr><w:fldChar w:fldCharType="end"/></w:r>`);
-    } else if (kid.tag === 'br') {
+    if (kid.tag === "txt") {
+      // __EXT_N__ or __EXT_N_W<w>_H<h>__ 자리표시자 제거
+      const content = kid.content.replace(/__EXT_\d+(?:_W\d+_H\d+)?__/g, "");
+      if (content) {
+        parts.push(
+          `<w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join("")}</w:rPr><w:t xml:space="preserve">${esc(content)}</w:t></w:r>`,
+        );
+      }
+    } else if (kid.tag === "pagenum") {
+      parts.push(
+        `<w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join("")}</w:rPr><w:fldChar w:fldCharType="begin"/></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join("")}</w:rPr><w:instrText> PAGE </w:instrText></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join("")}</w:rPr><w:fldChar w:fldCharType="separate"/></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join("")}</w:rPr><w:t>1</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:rPr>${rPr.join("")}</w:rPr><w:fldChar w:fldCharType="end"/></w:r>`,
+      );
+    } else if (kid.tag === "br") {
       parts.push(`<w:r><w:br/></w:r>`);
-    } else if (kid.tag === 'pb') {
+    } else if (kid.tag === "pb") {
       parts.push(`<w:r><w:br w:type="page"/></w:r>`);
     }
   }
 
-  return parts.join('');
+  return parts.join("");
 }
 
 function encodeImage(img: ImgNode, ctx: EncCtx): string {
   const rId = ctx.imgMap.get(img);
-  if (!rId) return '';
+  if (!rId) return "";
 
-  const cx = Metric.ptToEmu(img.w);
-  const cy = Metric.ptToEmu(img.h);
-  const alt = esc(img.alt ?? '');
+  // Fallback to 72pt (1 inch) when w/h are 0 to prevent invisible images
+  const cx = Metric.ptToEmu(img.w > 0 ? img.w : 72);
+  const cy = Metric.ptToEmu(img.h > 0 ? img.h : 72);
+  const alt = esc(img.alt ?? "");
   const docPrId = ctx.nextId++;
 
   const graphic = `<a:graphic><a:graphicData uri="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture"><pic:pic><pic:nvPicPr><pic:cNvPr id="0" name="Image"/><pic:cNvPicPr/></pic:nvPicPr><pic:blipFill><a:blip r:embed="${rId}"/><a:stretch><a:fillRect/></a:stretch></pic:blipFill><pic:spPr><a:xfrm><a:off x="0" y="0"/><a:ext cx="${cx}" cy="${cy}"/></a:xfrm><a:prstGeom prst="rect"><a:avLst/></a:prstGeom></pic:spPr></pic:pic></a:graphicData></a:graphic>`;
 
   const layout = img.layout;
-  const isInline = !layout || layout.wrap === 'inline';
 
-  if (isInline) {
+  const isInline = !layout || layout.wrap === "inline";
+  // topAndBottom은 반드시 anchor (float)로 처리
+  const forceAnchor =
+    layout?.wrap === "topAndBottom" ||
+    layout?.wrap === "square" ||
+    layout?.wrap === "tight" ||
+    layout?.wrap === "behind" ||
+    layout?.wrap === "front";
+  if (isInline && !forceAnchor) {
     return `<w:r><w:drawing><wp:inline distT="0" distB="0" distL="0" distR="0"><wp:extent cx="${cx}" cy="${cy}"/><wp:docPr id="${docPrId}" name="Image" descr="${alt}"/>${graphic}</wp:inline></w:drawing></w:r>`;
   }
-
-  return `<w:r><w:drawing>${encodeAnchor(img, cx, cy, alt, docPrId, graphic, layout)}</w:drawing></w:r>`;
+  return `<w:r><w:drawing>${encodeAnchor(img, cx, cy, alt, docPrId, graphic, layout!)}</w:drawing></w:r>`;
 }
 
 function encodeAnchor(
-  _img: ImgNode, cx: number, cy: number, alt: string, docPrId: number,
-  graphic: string, layout: NonNullable<ImgNode['layout']>,
+  _img: ImgNode,
+  cx: number,
+  cy: number,
+  alt: string,
+  docPrId: number,
+  graphic: string,
+  layout: NonNullable<ImgNode["layout"]>,
 ): string {
   const distT = Metric.ptToEmu(layout.distT ?? 0);
   const distB = Metric.ptToEmu(layout.distB ?? 0);
-  const distL = Metric.ptToEmu(layout.distL ?? 9144);   // DOCX 기본 0.18pt
+  const distL = Metric.ptToEmu(layout.distL ?? 9144); // DOCX 기본 0.18pt
   const distR = Metric.ptToEmu(layout.distR ?? 9144);
-  const behindDoc = (layout.behindDoc || layout.wrap === 'behind') ? '1' : '0';
+  const behindDoc = layout.behindDoc || layout.wrap === "behind" ? "1" : "0";
   const relH = layout.zOrder ?? 251658240;
 
   // 가로 위치
-  const horzRelFrom = HORZ_RELTO_DOCX[layout.horzRelTo ?? 'column'] ?? 'column';
+  const horzRelFrom = HORZ_RELTO_DOCX[layout.horzRelTo ?? "column"] ?? "column";
   let posH: string;
   if (layout.xPt != null) {
     posH = `<wp:positionH relativeFrom="${horzRelFrom}"><wp:posOffset>${Metric.ptToEmu(layout.xPt)}</wp:posOffset></wp:positionH>`;
   } else {
-    const ha = HORZ_ALIGN_DOCX[layout.horzAlign ?? 'left'] ?? 'left';
+    const ha = HORZ_ALIGN_DOCX[layout.horzAlign ?? "left"] ?? "left";
     posH = `<wp:positionH relativeFrom="${horzRelFrom}"><wp:align>${ha}</wp:align></wp:positionH>`;
   }
 
   // 세로 위치
-  const vertRelFrom = VERT_RELTO_DOCX[layout.vertRelTo ?? 'para'] ?? 'paragraph';
+  const vertRelFrom =
+    VERT_RELTO_DOCX[layout.vertRelTo ?? "para"] ?? "paragraph";
   let posV: string;
   if (layout.yPt != null) {
     posV = `<wp:positionV relativeFrom="${vertRelFrom}"><wp:posOffset>${Metric.ptToEmu(layout.yPt)}</wp:posOffset></wp:positionV>`;
   } else {
-    const va = VERT_ALIGN_DOCX[layout.vertAlign ?? 'top'] ?? 'top';
+    const va = VERT_ALIGN_DOCX[layout.vertAlign ?? "top"] ?? "top";
     posV = `<wp:positionV relativeFrom="${vertRelFrom}"><wp:align>${va}</wp:align></wp:positionV>`;
   }
 
   // 텍스트 감싸기
-  const wrapXml = WRAP_DOCX[layout.wrap] ?? '<wp:wrapSquare wrapText="bothSides"/>';
+  const wrapXml =
+    WRAP_DOCX[layout.wrap] ?? '<wp:wrapSquare wrapText="bothSides"/>';
 
   return `<wp:anchor distT="${distT}" distB="${distB}" distL="${distL}" distR="${distR}" simplePos="0" relativeHeight="${relH}" behindDoc="${behindDoc}" locked="0" layoutInCell="1" allowOverlap="1"><wp:simplePos x="0" y="0"/>${posH}${posV}<wp:extent cx="${cx}" cy="${cy}"/><wp:effectExtent l="0" t="0" r="0" b="0"/>${wrapXml}<wp:docPr id="${docPrId}" name="Image" descr="${alt}"/>${graphic}</wp:anchor>`;
 }
 
 const HORZ_RELTO_DOCX: Record<string, string> = {
-  margin: 'margin', column: 'column', page: 'page', para: 'paragraph',
+  margin: "margin",
+  column: "column",
+  page: "page",
+  para: "paragraph",
 };
 const VERT_RELTO_DOCX: Record<string, string> = {
-  margin: 'margin', line: 'line', page: 'page', para: 'paragraph',
+  margin: "margin",
+  line: "line",
+  page: "page",
+  para: "paragraph",
 };
 const HORZ_ALIGN_DOCX: Record<string, string> = {
-  left: 'left', center: 'center', right: 'right',
+  left: "left",
+  center: "center",
+  right: "right",
 };
 const VERT_ALIGN_DOCX: Record<string, string> = {
-  top: 'top', center: 'center', bottom: 'bottom',
+  top: "top",
+  center: "center",
+  bottom: "bottom",
 };
+// ECMA-376 §20.4.2 wordprocessingDrawing wrapping elements
 const WRAP_DOCX: Record<string, string> = {
-  square:  '<wp:wrapSquare wrapText="bothSides"/>',
-  tight:   '<wp:wrapTight><wp:wrapPolygon edited="0"><wp:start x="0" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="0"/></wp:wrapPolygon></wp:wrapTight>',
-  through: '<wp:wrapThrough wrapText="bothSides"><wp:wrapPolygon edited="0"><wp:start x="0" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="0"/></wp:wrapPolygon></wp:wrapThrough>',
-  none:    '<wp:wrapNone/>',
-  behind:  '<wp:wrapNone/>',
-  front:   '<wp:wrapNone/>',
+  square: '<wp:wrapSquare wrapText="bothSides"/>',
+  tight:
+    '<wp:wrapTight><wp:wrapPolygon edited="0"><wp:start x="0" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="0"/></wp:wrapPolygon></wp:wrapTight>',
+  through:
+    '<wp:wrapThrough wrapText="bothSides"><wp:wrapPolygon edited="0"><wp:start x="0" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="21600"/><wp:lineTo x="21600" y="0"/><wp:lineTo x="0" y="0"/></wp:wrapPolygon></wp:wrapThrough>',
+  // ECMA-376 §20.4.2.15: wrapTopAndBottom — 텍스트가 이미지 위아래로만 흐름
+  topAndBottom: "<wp:wrapTopAndBottom/>",
+  none: "<wp:wrapNone/>",
+  behind: "<wp:wrapNone/>",
+  front: "<wp:wrapNone/>",
 };
 
-function encodeGrid(grid: GridNode, ctx: EncCtx, dims?: PageDims): string {
+function encodeGrid(grid: GridNode, ctx: EncCtx, dims: PageDims = A4): string {
   const gp = grid.props;
   const look = gp.look;
 
   // tblLook attributes
-  const firstRow  = look?.firstRow  ? '1' : '0';
-  const lastRow   = look?.lastRow   ? '1' : '0';
-  const firstCol  = look?.firstCol  ? '1' : '0';
-  const lastCol   = look?.lastCol   ? '1' : '0';
-  const noHBand   = look?.bandedRows ? '0' : '1';
-  const noVBand   = look?.bandedCols ? '0' : '1';
-
-  // Determine actual grid column count from colWidths or by scanning all rows
+  const firstRow = look?.firstRow ? "1" : "0";
+  const lastRow = look?.lastRow ? "1" : "0";
+  const firstCol = look?.firstCol ? "1" : "0";
+  const lastCol = look?.lastCol ? "1" : "0";
+  const noHBand = look?.bandedRows ? "0" : "1";
+  const noVBand = look?.bandedCols ? "0" : "1";
+
   const d = dims ?? A4;
   const availDxa = Metric.ptToDxa(d.wPt - d.ml - d.mr);
 
-  // Compute true column count: max total colSpan across all rows
-  let colCount = 0;
-  for (const row of grid.kids) {
-    let rowCols = 0;
-    for (const cell of row.kids) rowCols += cell.cs;
-    if (rowCols > colCount) colCount = rowCols;
-  }
-  if (colCount === 0) colCount = grid.kids[0]?.kids.length ?? 1;
-
-  const defaultColDxa = Math.round(availDxa / colCount);
-
-  // Use actual column widths if available from source format
-  const colWidthsDxa: number[] = [];
-  if (grid.props.colWidths && grid.props.colWidths.length === colCount) {
-    // Fill zero-width columns by distributing remaining space
-    const srcPt = [...grid.props.colWidths];
-    const knownTotal = srcPt.filter(w => w > 0).reduce((s, w) => s + w, 0);
-    const zeroCount = srcPt.filter(w => w <= 0).length;
-    const remaining = Math.max(0, Metric.dxaToPt(availDxa) - knownTotal);
-    const zeroFill = zeroCount > 0 ? remaining / zeroCount : 0;
-    for (let i = 0; i < srcPt.length; i++) {
-      if (srcPt[i] <= 0) srcPt[i] = zeroFill > 0 ? zeroFill : Metric.dxaToPt(defaultColDxa);
-    }
-    const srcWidths = srcPt.map(w => Metric.ptToDxa(w));
-    const srcTotal = srcWidths.reduce((s, w) => s + w, 0);
-    // Normalize to fit available page width if source widths exceed it
-    const scale = srcTotal > availDxa ? availDxa / srcTotal : 1;
-    for (const w of srcWidths) colWidthsDxa.push(Math.round(w * scale));
-  } else {
-    for (let c = 0; c < colCount; c++) colWidthsDxa.push(defaultColDxa);
+  // 1단계: 표의 가상 2D 맵핑 (Virtual Table Map) 생성
+  // 'real': 데이터 셀, 'continue': 세로 병합 지속 셀, 'absorbed': 가로/세로 병합으로 흡수된 자리, 'void': 빈 공간
+  interface CellMap {
+    type: "real" | "continue" | "absorbed" | "void";
+    cell?: any;
+    width?: number;
   }
-  const totalDxa = colWidthsDxa.reduce((s, w) => s + w, 0);
+  const tableMap: CellMap[][] = Array.from(
+    { length: grid.kids.length },
+    () => [],
+  );
 
-  // Grid columns
-  const gridCols = colWidthsDxa.map(w => `<w:gridCol w:w="${Math.round(w)}"/>`).join('');
-
-  // Pre-compute vMerge map: for each (ri, colIdx), track if a cell with rs>1 spans into this row
-  // Key: "ri,colIdx", Value: 'restart' | 'continue'
-  const vMergeMap = new Map<string, 'restart' | 'continue'>();
   for (let ri = 0; ri < grid.kids.length; ri++) {
-    let colIdx = 0;
+    let c = 0;
     for (const cell of grid.kids[ri].kids) {
-      if (cell.rs > 1) {
-        vMergeMap.set(`${ri},${colIdx}`, 'restart');
-        for (let sr = 1; sr < cell.rs; sr++) {
-          vMergeMap.set(`${ri + sr},${colIdx}`, 'continue');
+      // 이미 이전 행의 rowspan이나 현재 행의 colspan으로 차지된 자리 건너뜀
+      while (tableMap[ri][c]) c++;
+
+      // 실제 데이터 셀 배치
+      tableMap[ri][c] = { type: "real", cell, width: cell.cs };
+
+      // 병합 영역(colspan, rowspan) 예약 처리
+      for (let rr = 0; rr < cell.rs; rr++) {
+        const targetRi = ri + rr;
+        if (targetRi >= grid.kids.length) break;
+        if (!tableMap[targetRi]) tableMap[targetRi] = [];
+
+        for (let cc = 0; cc < cell.cs; cc++) {
+          if (rr === 0 && cc === 0) continue; // 시작 셀은 이미 'real'로 처리됨
+
+          if (rr > 0 && cc === 0) {
+            // 세로 병합이 시작된 이후 행의 첫 번째 칸
+            tableMap[targetRi][c + cc] = { type: "continue", width: cell.cs };
+          } else {
+            // 가로 병합으로 흡수된 칸 또는 세로 병합 중 가로 병합된 칸
+            tableMap[targetRi][c + cc] = { type: "absorbed" };
+          }
         }
       }
-      colIdx += cell.cs;
+      c += cell.cs;
     }
   }
 
-  const rows = grid.kids.map((row, ri) => {
-    let colIdx = 0;
+  // 정확한 전체 열 개수(colCount) 계산 (모든 행 중 최대 길이)
+  let colCount = 0;
+  for (let ri = 0; ri < grid.kids.length; ri++) {
+    colCount = Math.max(colCount, tableMap[ri].length);
+  }
+  if (colCount === 0) colCount = 1;
 
-    // Build actual cells including continuation cells for vMerge
-    const cellXmls: string[] = [];
-    let srcCellIdx = 0;
+  // 빈 공간(void) 채우기 및 colCount에 맞춰 배열 길이 정규화
+  for (let ri = 0; ri < grid.kids.length; ri++) {
+    for (let c = 0; c < colCount; c++) {
+      if (!tableMap[ri][c]) tableMap[ri][c] = { type: "void" };
+    }
+  }
 
-    // Walk through grid columns, emitting either real cells or vMerge continue cells
-    while (srcCellIdx < row.kids.length) {
-      const cell = row.kids[srcCellIdx];
-      const mergeType = vMergeMap.get(`${ri},${colIdx}`);
+  // 2단계: 컬럼 너비(dxa) 계산
+  const defaultColDxa = Math.round(availDxa / colCount);
+  let colWidthsDxa: number[] = [];
 
-      const cp = cell.props;
-      const tcPrParts: string[] = [];
+  if (grid.props.colWidths && grid.props.colWidths.length > 0) {
+    const srcPt = [...grid.props.colWidths];
+    while (srcPt.length < colCount) srcPt.push(0);
+    srcPt.length = colCount;
 
-      // Cell width in DXA (sum of spanned columns)
-      let cellW = 0;
-      for (let sc = colIdx; sc < colIdx + cell.cs && sc < colWidthsDxa.length; sc++) cellW += colWidthsDxa[sc];
-      if (cellW === 0) cellW = defaultColDxa * cell.cs;
-      tcPrParts.push(`<w:tcW w:w="${Math.round(cellW)}" w:type="dxa"/>`);
+    const knownTotalPt = srcPt.filter((w) => w > 0).reduce((s, w) => s + w, 0);
+    const zeroCount = srcPt.filter((w) => w <= 0).length;
+    const availPt = Metric.dxaToPt(availDxa);
 
-      if (cell.cs > 1) tcPrParts.push(`<w:gridSpan w:val="${cell.cs}"/>`);
+    const remainingPt = Math.max(0, availPt - knownTotalPt);
+    const zeroFillPt = zeroCount > 0 ? remainingPt / zeroCount : 0;
 
-      // vMerge
-      if (cell.rs > 1) {
-        tcPrParts.push(`<w:vMerge w:val="restart"/>`);
+    for (let i = 0; i < srcPt.length; i++) {
+      if (srcPt[i] <= 0) {
+        srcPt[i] = zeroFillPt > 0 ? zeroFillPt : availPt / colCount;
       }
+    }
 
-      // Cell borders
-      const borders = encodeCellBorders(cp);
-      if (borders) tcPrParts.push(borders);
+    colWidthsDxa = srcPt.map((w) => Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(w)));
+    const computedTotalDxa = colWidthsDxa.reduce((s, w) => s + w, 0);
+    if (computedTotalDxa > availDxa) {
+      const scale = availDxa / computedTotalDxa;
+      colWidthsDxa = colWidthsDxa.map((w) => Math.round(w * scale));
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (let c = 0; c < colCount; c++) colWidthsDxa.push(defaultColDxa);
+  }
 
-      // Cell background
-      if (cp.bg) tcPrParts.push(`<w:shd w:val="clear" w:color="auto" w:fill="${cp.bg}"/>`);
+  const totalDxa = colWidthsDxa.reduce((s, w) => s + w, 0);
+  const gridCols = colWidthsDxa.map((w) => `<w:gridCol w:w="${w}"/>`).join("");
+
+  // 3단계: XML 렌더링
+  const rows = tableMap
+    .map((rowMap, ri) => {
+      const cellXmls: string[] = [];
+
+      for (let c = 0; c < colCount; c++) {
+        const mapEntry = rowMap[c];
+
+        // 가로 병합으로 흡수된 칸은 렌더링하지 않음 (앞선 칸의 gridSpan이 차지)
+        if (mapEntry.type === "absorbed") continue;
+
+        // 세로 병합 지속(continue), 실제 셀(real), 또는 빈 공간(void) 처리
+        const isContinue = mapEntry.type === "continue";
+        const isReal = mapEntry.type === "real";
+        const isVoid = mapEntry.type === "void";
+
+        if (isContinue || isReal || isVoid) {
+          let cw = 0;
+          const cellWidth = mapEntry.width || 1;
+
+          // 너비 계산: 현재 칸부터 colspan(width) 만큼의 컬럼 너비 합산
+          // colWidthsDxa 가 colCount 보다 작은 경우를 대비하여 safe 하게 처리
+          const safeColWidths =
+            colWidthsDxa.length >= colCount
+              ? colWidthsDxa
+              : [
+                  ...colWidthsDxa,
+                  ...Array(colCount - colWidthsDxa.length).fill(defaultColDxa),
+                ];
+          for (
+            let sc = c;
+            sc < c + cellWidth && sc < safeColWidths.length;
+            sc++
+          ) {
+            cw += safeColWidths[sc];
+          }
+          if (cw <= 0) cw = defaultColDxa * cellWidth;
 
-      // Vertical alignment
-      if (cp.va) {
-        const vaMap: Record<string, string> = { top: 'top', mid: 'center', bot: 'bottom' };
-        tcPrParts.push(`<w:vAlign w:val="${vaMap[cp.va] ?? 'top'}"/>`);
-      }
+          const tcPrParts: string[] = [];
+          tcPrParts.push(`<w:tcW w:w="${Math.round(cw)}" w:type="dxa"/>`);
 
-      const tcPr = `<w:tcPr>${tcPrParts.join('')}</w:tcPr>`;
-      cellXmls.push(`      <w:tc>${tcPr}${cell.kids.map(p => encodeParaInner(p, ctx)).join('')}</w:tc>`);
-      colIdx += cell.cs;
-      srcCellIdx++;
-    }
+          if (cellWidth > 1) {
+            tcPrParts.push(`<w:gridSpan w:val="${cellWidth}"/>`);
+          }
 
-    // Now emit vMerge continue cells for rows that are spanned into
-    // We need to check if any cells from rows above span into this row
-    // Re-walk grid columns looking for continue cells not covered by this row's cells
-    const finalCells: string[] = [];
-    let finalColIdx = 0;
-    let cellIter = 0;
-
-    // Use the computed colCount (max across all rows)
-    const totalGridCols = colCount;
-
-    // Re-check: we need to interleave vMerge continue cells
-    // The current row may have fewer cells because the model already skipped continuation cells
-    // So we need to insert continuation cells where vMergeMap says 'continue' for this row
-    finalColIdx = 0;
-    cellIter = 0;
-    for (let gc = 0; gc < totalGridCols; ) {
-      const mergeType = vMergeMap.get(`${ri},${gc}`);
-      if (mergeType === 'continue') {
-        // Find the original cell's cs from the restart row
-        let origCs = 1;
-        for (let sr = ri - 1; sr >= 0; sr--) {
-          const mt = vMergeMap.get(`${sr},${gc}`);
-          if (mt === 'restart') {
-            // Find the cell at this column in that row
-            let col = 0;
-            for (const c of grid.kids[sr].kids) {
-              if (col === gc) { origCs = c.cs; break; }
-              col += c.cs;
+          if (isContinue) {
+            tcPrParts.push(`<w:vMerge/>`);
+          }
+
+          let cellContent = "";
+          if (isReal) {
+            const cell = mapEntry.cell!;
+            const cp = cell.props;
+            if (cell.rs > 1) tcPrParts.push(`<w:vMerge w:val="restart"/>`);
+
+            const borders = encodeCellBorders(cp);
+            if (borders) tcPrParts.push(borders);
+            if (cp.bg)
+              tcPrParts.push(
+                `<w:shd w:val="clear" w:color="auto" w:fill="${cp.bg}"/>`,
+              );
+            if (cp.va) {
+              const vaMap: Record<string, string> = {
+                top: "top",
+                mid: "center",
+                bot: "bottom",
+              };
+              tcPrParts.push(`<w:vAlign w:val="${vaMap[cp.va] ?? "top"}"/>`);
+            }
+            // Per-cell margin override (only when explicitly set)
+            const cPadT =
+              cp.padT != null ? Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(cp.padT)) : null;
+            const cPadB =
+              cp.padB != null ? Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(cp.padB)) : null;
+            const cPadL =
+              cp.padL != null ? Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(cp.padL)) : null;
+            const cPadR =
+              cp.padR != null ? Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(cp.padR)) : null;
+            if (
+              cPadT != null ||
+              cPadB != null ||
+              cPadL != null ||
+              cPadR != null
+            ) {
+              const t = cPadT ?? 28;
+              const b = cPadB ?? 28;
+              const l = cPadL ?? 72;
+              const r = cPadR ?? 72;
+              tcPrParts.push(
+                `<w:tcMar><w:top w:w="${t}" w:type="dxa"/><w:left w:w="${l}" w:type="dxa"/><w:bottom w:w="${b}" w:type="dxa"/><w:right w:w="${r}" w:type="dxa"/></w:tcMar>`,
+              );
             }
-            break;
+            // Encode cell content: paragraphs and nested grids (중첩 표)
+            // DOCX cells must end with <w:p>; nested <w:tbl> goes between paras
+            const parts: string[] = [];
+            for (const kid of cell.kids) {
+              if (kid.tag === "grid") {
+                parts.push(encodeGrid(kid, ctx)); // dims 제거 — 중첩 표는 부모 dims 불필요
+              } else if (kid.tag === "para") {
+                parts.push(encodeParaInner(kid, ctx));
+              }
+            }
+            // DOCX 셀은 반드시 <w:p>로 끝나야 함
+            const lastKid = cell.kids[cell.kids.length - 1];
+            if (cell.kids.length === 0 || lastKid?.tag === "grid") {
+              parts.push('<w:p><w:pPr><w:spacing w:after="0"/></w:pPr></w:p>');
+            }
+            cellContent = parts.join("");
+          } else {
+            // continue 거나 void 인 경우 빈 단락 추가
+            cellContent = `<w:p><w:pPr/></w:p>`;
           }
-        }
-        let cw = 0;
-        for (let sc = gc; sc < gc + origCs && sc < colWidthsDxa.length; sc++) cw += colWidthsDxa[sc];
-        if (cw === 0) cw = defaultColDxa * origCs;
-        let contParts = `<w:tcW w:w="${Math.round(cw)}" w:type="dxa"/>`;
-        if (origCs > 1) contParts += `<w:gridSpan w:val="${origCs}"/>`;
-        contParts += `<w:vMerge/>`;
-        finalCells.push(`      <w:tc><w:tcPr>${contParts}</w:tcPr><w:p><w:pPr/></w:p></w:tc>`);
-        gc += origCs;
-      } else {
-        if (cellIter < cellXmls.length) {
-          finalCells.push(cellXmls[cellIter]);
-          gc += row.kids[cellIter]?.cs ?? 1;
-          cellIter++;
-        } else {
-          gc++;
+
+          const tcPr = `<w:tcPr>${tcPrParts.join("")}</w:tcPr>`;
+          cellXmls.push(`      <w:tc>${tcPr}${cellContent}</w:tc>`);
         }
       }
-    }
-
-    // Header row
-    let trPr = '';
-    if (ri === 0 && (gp.headerRow || look?.firstRow)) {
-      trPr = '<w:trPr><w:tblHeader/></w:trPr>';
-    }
 
-    return `    <w:tr>${trPr}\n${finalCells.join('\n')}\n    </w:tr>`;
-  }).join('\n');
+      const trPrParts: string[] = [];
+      if (ri === 0 && (gp.headerRow || look?.firstRow)) {
+        trPrParts.push("<w:tblHeader/>");
+      }
+      // 원본 행 정보에서 높이 가져오기 (tableMap 과 grid.kids 는 같은 인덱스)
+      const originalRow = grid.kids[ri];
+      if (originalRow?.heightPt != null && originalRow.heightPt > 0) {
+        const hDxa = Math.round(Metric.ptToDxa(originalRow.heightPt));
+        trPrParts.push(`<w:trHeight w:val="${hDxa}" w:hRule="atLeast"/>`);
+      }
+      const trPr =
+        trPrParts.length > 0 ? `<w:trPr>${trPrParts.join("")}</w:trPr>` : "";
+
+      return `    <w:tr>${trPr}\n${cellXmls.join("\n")}\n    </w:tr>`;
+    })
+    .join("\n");
+
+  // 4단계: 테두리 및 최종 테이블 XML 조립
+  let tblBorders = "";
+  const strokeKindMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    solid: "single",
+    dash: "dash",
+    dot: "dot",
+    double: "double",
+    none: "none",
+    dotDash: "dotDash",
+    dotDotDash: "dotDotDash",
+    triple: "triple",
+    thinThickSmallGap: "thinThickSmallGap",
+    thickThinSmallGap: "thickThinSmallGap",
+    thinThickThinSmallGap: "thinThickThinSmallGap",
+  };
 
-  // Table borders from defaultStroke
-  let tblBorders = '';
   if (gp.defaultStroke) {
     const s = gp.defaultStroke;
-    const strokeKindMap: Record<string, string> = { solid: 'single', dash: 'dashed', dot: 'dotted', double: 'double', none: 'none' };
-    const val = strokeKindMap[s.kind] ?? 'single';
-    const sz = Math.round(s.pt * 8);
-    const bdr = `w:val="${val}" w:sz="${sz}" w:space="0" w:color="${s.color}"`;
-    tblBorders = `<w:tblBorders><w:top ${bdr}/><w:left ${bdr}/><w:bottom ${bdr}/><w:right ${bdr}/><w:insideH ${bdr}/><w:insideV ${bdr}/></w:tblBorders>`;
+    const val = strokeKindMap[s.kind] ?? "single";
+
+    if (val === "none" || s.pt <= 0) {
+      tblBorders =
+        '<w:tblBorders><w:top w:val="none"/><w:left w:val="none"/><w:bottom w:val="none"/><w:right w:val="none"/><w:insideH w:val="none"/><w:insideV w:val="none"/></w:tblBorders>';
+    } else {
+      // DOCX sz는 1/8pt 단위. 최소 굵기 2(0.25pt) 보장
+      const sz = Math.max(2, Math.round(s.pt * 8));
+      // 색상 '#' 제거 및 빈 값일 경우 auto 처리
+      const clr = s.color ? s.color.replace("#", "") : "auto";
+      const bdr = `w:val="${val}" w:sz="${sz}" w:space="0" w:color="${clr}"`;
+      tblBorders = `<w:tblBorders><w:top ${bdr}/><w:left ${bdr}/><w:bottom ${bdr}/><w:right ${bdr}/><w:insideH ${bdr}/><w:insideV ${bdr}/></w:tblBorders>`;
+    }
   }
 
+  // ECMA-376 §17.4.58: tblJc — 표 가로 정렬 (start/center/end)
+  const tblAlignMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    left: "start",
+    center: "center",
+    right: "end",
+    justify: "start",
+  };
+  const tblJc = gp.align
+    ? `<w:jc w:val="${tblAlignMap[gp.align] ?? "start"}"/>`
+    : "";
+
   return `    <w:tbl>
-      <w:tblPr><w:tblStyle w:val="TableGrid"/><w:tblW w:w="${Math.round(totalDxa)}" w:type="dxa"/><w:tblLayout w:type="fixed"/><w:tblLook w:val="04A0" w:firstRow="${firstRow}" w:lastRow="${lastRow}" w:firstColumn="${firstCol}" w:lastColumn="${lastCol}" w:noHBand="${noHBand}" w:noVBand="${noVBand}"/>${tblBorders}<w:tblCellMar><w:top w:w="28" w:type="dxa"/><w:left w:w="102" w:type="dxa"/><w:bottom w:w="28" w:type="dxa"/><w:right w:w="102" w:type="dxa"/></w:tblCellMar></w:tblPr>
+      <w:tblPr><w:tblStyle w:val="TableGrid"/><w:tblW w:w="${Math.round(totalDxa)}" w:type="dxa"/><w:tblLayout w:type="fixed"/><w:tblLook w:val="04A0" w:firstRow="${firstRow}" w:lastRow="${lastRow}" w:firstColumn="${firstCol}" w:lastColumn="${lastCol}" w:noHBand="${noHBand}" w:noVBand="${noVBand}"/>${tblBorders}${tblJc}<w:tblCellMar><w:top w:w="28" w:type="dxa"/><w:left w:w="72" w:type="dxa"/><w:bottom w:w="28" w:type="dxa"/><w:right w:w="72" w:type="dxa"/></w:tblCellMar></w:tblPr>
       <w:tblGrid>${gridCols}</w:tblGrid>
 ${rows}
     </w:tbl>`;
 }
-
 function encodeCellBorders(cp: CellProps): string {
-  if (!cp.top && !cp.bot && !cp.left && !cp.right) return '';
-  const strokeKindMap: Record<string, string> = { solid: 'single', dash: 'dashed', dot: 'dotted', double: 'double', none: 'none' };
+  if (!cp.top && !cp.bot && !cp.left && !cp.right) return "";
+  const strokeKindMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    solid: "single",
+    dash: "dash",
+    dot: "dot",
+    double: "double",
+    none: "none",
+    dotDash: "dotDash",
+    dotDotDash: "dotDotDash",
+    triple: "triple",
+  };
+
+  const encode = (
+    s?: { kind: string; pt: number; color: string },
+    tag?: string,
+  ) => {
+    if (!s || !tag) return "";
+    const val = strokeKindMap[s.kind] ?? "single";
+
+    // 선이 없거나 굵기가 0 이하인 경우 확실하게 제거 처리
+    if (val === "none" || s.pt <= 0) {
+      return `<w:${tag} w:val="none" w:sz="0" w:space="0" w:color="auto"/>`;
+    }
+
+    // 최소 굵기 sz=2 (0.25pt) 보장
+    const sz = Math.max(2, Math.round(s.pt * 8));
+    // 색상 '#' 제거 및 빈 값일 경우 auto 처리
+    const clr = s.color ? s.color.replace("#", "") : "auto";
 
-  const encode = (s?: { kind: string; pt: number; color: string }, tag?: string) => {
-    if (!s || !tag) return '';
-    const val = strokeKindMap[s.kind] ?? 'single';
-    return `<w:${tag} w:val="${val}" w:sz="${Math.round(s.pt * 8)}" w:space="0" w:color="${s.color}"/>`;
+    return `<w:${tag} w:val="${val}" w:sz="${sz}" w:space="0" w:color="${clr}"/>`;
   };
 
-  return `<w:tcBorders>${encode(cp.top, 'top')}${encode(cp.bot, 'bottom')}${encode(cp.left, 'left')}${encode(cp.right, 'right')}</w:tcBorders>`;
+  return `<w:tcBorders>${encode(cp.top, "top")}${encode(cp.bot, "bottom")}${encode(cp.left, "left")}${encode(cp.right, "right")}</w:tcBorders>`;
 }
 
-function esc(s: string): string { return TextKit.escapeXml(s); }
+function esc(s: string): string {
+  if (!s) return "";
+  // 1. 내부 처리용 플레이스홀더(__EXT_0__ 또는 __EXT_0_W144_H108__ 등) 제거
+  s = s.replace(/__EXT_\d+(?:_W\d+_H\d+)?__/g, "");
+
+  // 2. 글자 깨짐을 유발하는 쓰레기값 및 BOM 기호 명시적 제거 (이 부분 추가!)
+  s = s.replace(/湰灧/g, "");
+  s = s.replace(/\uFEFF/g, "");
+
+  // 3. DOCX(XML 1.0)에서 허용하지 않는 보이지 않는 제어문자 모두 제거
+  s = s.replace(/[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\uD7FF\uE000-\uFFFD]/g, "");
+
+  return TextKit.escapeXml(s);
+}
 
 registry.registerEncoder(new DocxEncoder());