hbsig 0.3.2 → 0.3.3

package/src/encode.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1256 @@
+import base64url from "base64url"
+import {
+  getValueByPath,
+  getAoType,
+  isEmpty,
+  encodePrimitiveContent,
+  sortTypeAnnotations,
+  analyzeArray,
+  toBuffer,
+  formatFloat,
+  hasNonAscii,
+  sha256,
+  hasNewline,
+  isBytes,
+  isPojo,
+} from "./encode-utils.js"
+
+import encodeArrayItem from "./encode-array-item.js"
+import collectBodyKeys from "./collect-body-keys.js"
+const MAX_HEADER_LENGTH = 4096
+
+// Step 1: Process and normalize input values (handle symbols, nested objects/arrays)
+function processInputValues(obj) {
+  // Currently this is a no-op, but will be used for input validation/normalization
+  return obj
+}
+
+// Step 2: Handle empty object case
+function handleEmptyObject(obj) {
+  if (Object.keys(obj).length === 0) {
+    return { headers: {}, body: undefined }
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 3: Handle single field with empty binary
+function handleSingleEmptyBinaryField(obj) {
+  const objKeys = Object.keys(obj)
+
+  if (objKeys.length === 1) {
+    const fieldName = objKeys[0]
+    const fieldValue = obj[fieldName]
+
+    if (
+      isBytes(fieldValue) &&
+      (fieldValue.length === 0 || fieldValue.byteLength === 0)
+    ) {
+      const headers = {}
+      // For 'body' field, we can't send it as a header (reserved name, gets stripped).
+      // Use inline-body-key to signal that body was present but empty.
+      // The modOut function will reconstruct body: <<>> when it sees inline-body-key: body
+      // with no actual body content.
+      if (fieldName.toLowerCase() === "body") {
+        headers["inline-body-key"] = "body"
+        return { headers, body: undefined }
+      }
+      // Include the key with empty value - empty string becomes empty binary in Erlang
+      headers[fieldName.toLowerCase()] = ""
+      return { headers, body: undefined }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 4: Handle single field with binary data
+async function handleSingleBinaryField(obj) {
+  const hasBodyBinary = obj.body && isBytes(obj.body)
+  const otherFields = Object.keys(obj).filter(k => k !== "body")
+
+  if (hasBodyBinary && otherFields.length === 0) {
+    const headers = {}
+    const bodyBuffer = toBuffer(obj.body)
+    const bodyArrayBuffer = bodyBuffer.buffer.slice(
+      bodyBuffer.byteOffset,
+      bodyBuffer.byteOffset + bodyBuffer.byteLength
+    )
+
+    const contentDigest = await sha256(bodyArrayBuffer)
+    const base64 = base64url.toBase64(base64url.encode(contentDigest))
+    headers["content-digest"] = `sha-256=:${base64}:`
+
+    return { headers, body: obj.body }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 5: Handle single field with primitive value (string/number/boolean/null/undefined/symbol)
+async function handleSinglePrimitiveField(obj) {
+  const objKeys = Object.keys(obj)
+
+  if (objKeys.length === 1) {
+    const fieldName = objKeys[0]
+    const fieldValue = obj[fieldName]
+
+    if (
+      (fieldName === "data" || fieldName === "body") &&
+      (typeof fieldValue === "string" ||
+        typeof fieldValue === "boolean" ||
+        typeof fieldValue === "number" ||
+        fieldValue === null ||
+        fieldValue === undefined ||
+        typeof fieldValue === "symbol")
+    ) {
+      const headers = {}
+      const bodyContent = encodePrimitiveContent(fieldValue)
+
+      const encoder = new TextEncoder()
+      const encoded = encoder.encode(bodyContent)
+      const contentDigest = await sha256(encoded.buffer)
+      const base64 = base64url.toBase64(base64url.encode(contentDigest))
+      headers["content-digest"] = `sha-256=:${base64}:`
+
+      const aoType = getAoType(fieldValue)
+      if (aoType === "atom" || aoType === "integer" || aoType === "float") {
+        headers["ao-types"] = `${fieldName.toLowerCase()}="${aoType}"`
+      }
+
+      if (fieldName !== "body") {
+        headers["inline-body-key"] = fieldName
+      }
+
+      return { headers, body: bodyContent }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 6a: Handle single field with non-empty binary (not body field)
+async function handleSingleNonEmptyBinaryField(obj) {
+  const objKeys = Object.keys(obj)
+
+  if (objKeys.length === 1) {
+    const fieldName = objKeys[0]
+    const fieldValue = obj[fieldName]
+
+    if (isBytes(fieldValue) && fieldValue.length > 0) {
+      const headers = {}
+      const bodyBuffer = toBuffer(fieldValue)
+      const bodyArrayBuffer = bodyBuffer.buffer.slice(
+        bodyBuffer.byteOffset,
+        bodyBuffer.byteOffset + bodyBuffer.byteLength
+      )
+
+      const contentDigest = await sha256(bodyArrayBuffer)
+      const base64 = base64url.toBase64(base64url.encode(contentDigest))
+      headers["content-digest"] = `sha-256=:${base64}:`
+
+      if (fieldName !== "body") {
+        headers["inline-body-key"] = fieldName
+      }
+
+      return { headers, body: fieldValue }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 6: Handle single field with non-ASCII string
+async function handleSingleNonAsciiStringField(obj) {
+  const objKeys = Object.keys(obj)
+
+  if (objKeys.length === 1) {
+    const fieldName = objKeys[0]
+    const fieldValue = obj[fieldName]
+
+    if (typeof fieldValue === "string" && hasNonAscii(fieldValue)) {
+      const headers = {}
+      const encoder = new TextEncoder()
+      const encoded = encoder.encode(fieldValue)
+      const contentDigest = await sha256(encoded.buffer)
+      const base64 = base64url.toBase64(base64url.encode(contentDigest))
+      headers["content-digest"] = `sha-256=:${base64}:`
+
+      if (fieldName !== "body") {
+        headers["inline-body-key"] = fieldName
+      }
+
+      return { headers, body: fieldValue }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 7: Collect all keys that need to go in body
+function collectBodyKeysStep(obj) {
+  return collectBodyKeys(obj)
+}
+
+// Step 8: Process fields that can go in headers
+function processHeaderFields(obj, bodyKeys, headers, headerTypes) {
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+    const needsBody =
+      bodyKeys.includes(key) || bodyKeys.some(k => k.startsWith(`${key}/`))
+
+    if (!needsBody) {
+      if (value === null) {
+        headers[key] = '"null"'
+        headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="atom"`)
+      } else if (value === undefined) {
+        headers[key] = '"undefined"'
+        headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="atom"`)
+      } else if (typeof value === "boolean") {
+        headers[key] = `"${value}"`
+        headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="atom"`)
+      } else if (typeof value === "symbol") {
+        headers[key] = `"${value.description || "Symbol.for()"}"`
+        headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="atom"`)
+      } else if (typeof value === "number") {
+        headers[key] = String(value)
+        headerTypes.push(
+          `${key.toLowerCase()}="${Number.isInteger(value) ? "integer" : "float"}"`
+        )
+      } else if (typeof value === "string") {
+        if (value.length === 0) {
+          // Empty string becomes empty binary in Erlang - no ao-types needed
+          headers[key] = ""
+        } else if (hasNonAscii(value)) {
+          continue
+        } else {
+          headers[key] = value
+        }
+      } else if (Array.isArray(value) && value.length === 0) {
+        // Empty array - use list type annotation
+        headers[key] = ""
+        headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="list"`)
+      } else if (Array.isArray(value) && !value.some(item => isPojo(item))) {
+        const hasNonAsciiItems = value.some(
+          item => typeof item === "string" && hasNonAscii(item)
+        )
+        if (!hasNonAsciiItems) {
+          const encodedItems = value
+            .map(item => encodeArrayItem(item))
+            .join(", ")
+          headers[key] = encodedItems
+          headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="list"`)
+        }
+      } else if (
+        isBytes(value) &&
+        (value.length === 0 || value.byteLength === 0)
+      ) {
+        // Empty buffer becomes empty binary in Erlang - no ao-types needed
+        // For 'body' field, we can't send it as a header (reserved name, gets stripped).
+        // Use inline-body-key to signal that body was present but empty.
+        if (key.toLowerCase() === "body") {
+          headers["inline-body-key"] = "body"
+        } else {
+          headers[key] = ""
+        }
+      } else if (isPojo(value) && Object.keys(value).length === 0) {
+        // Empty object - use map type annotation
+        headers[key] = ""
+        headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="map"`)
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Fields that need body still get type annotations
+      const aoType = getAoType(value)
+      if (aoType) {
+        headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="${aoType}"`)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Second pass for array type annotations
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      if (
+        bodyKeys.includes(key) ||
+        bodyKeys.some(k => k.startsWith(`${key}/`))
+      ) {
+        if (!headerTypes.some(t => t.startsWith(`${key.toLowerCase()}=`))) {
+          headerTypes.push(`${key.toLowerCase()}="list"`)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Step 9: Handle case where all body keys are empty binaries
+function handleAllEmptyBinaryBodyKeys(obj, bodyKeys, headers, headerTypes) {
+  if (bodyKeys.length === 0) {
+    if (headerTypes.length > 0) {
+      headers["ao-types"] = headerTypes.sort().join(", ")
+    }
+    return { headers, body: undefined }
+  }
+
+  const allBodyKeysAreEmptyBinaries = bodyKeys.every(key => {
+    const value = getValueByPath(obj, key)
+    return isBytes(value) && (value.length === 0 || value.byteLength === 0)
+  })
+
+  if (allBodyKeysAreEmptyBinaries) {
+    if (headerTypes.length > 0) {
+      headers["ao-types"] = headerTypes.sort().join(", ")
+    }
+    return { headers, body: undefined }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 10: Handle single body key optimization
+async function handleSingleBodyKeyOptimization(
+  obj,
+  bodyKeys,
+  headers,
+  headerTypes
+) {
+  // Skip this optimization if there are other header fields - need full multipart encoding
+  // to be compatible with HyperBEAM scheduler endpoint
+  const otherFields = Object.keys(obj).filter(k => !bodyKeys.includes(k) && !bodyKeys.some(bk => bk.startsWith(`${k}/`)))
+  if (otherFields.length > 0 && bodyKeys.length === 1) {
+    // Have other header fields + single body key = need multipart, skip optimization
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (bodyKeys.length === 1) {
+    const singleKey = bodyKeys[0]
+    const value = getValueByPath(obj, singleKey)
+
+    // Apply optimization for binary data OR strings with newlines
+    if (
+      (isBytes(value) && value.length > 0) ||
+      (typeof value === "string" && value.includes("\n"))
+    ) {
+      let contentToHash
+      let bodyContent = value
+
+      if (isBytes(value)) {
+        const bodyBuffer = toBuffer(value)
+        contentToHash = bodyBuffer.buffer.slice(
+          bodyBuffer.byteOffset,
+          bodyBuffer.byteOffset + bodyBuffer.byteLength
+        )
+      } else {
+        // For strings, encode to UTF-8 for hashing
+        const encoder = new TextEncoder()
+        const encoded = encoder.encode(value)
+        contentToHash = encoded.buffer
+        bodyContent = value
+      }
+
+      const contentDigest = await sha256(contentToHash)
+      const base64 = base64url.toBase64(base64url.encode(contentDigest))
+      headers["content-digest"] = `sha-256=:${base64}:`
+
+      if (singleKey !== "body") {
+        headers["inline-body-key"] = singleKey
+      }
+
+      if (headerTypes.length > 0) {
+        headers["ao-types"] = headerTypes.sort().join(", ")
+      }
+
+      return { headers, body: bodyContent }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 11: Sort body keys
+function sortBodyKeys(bodyKeys) {
+  return bodyKeys.sort((a, b) => {
+    const aIsArrayElement = /\/\d+$/.test(a)
+    const bIsArrayElement = /\/\d+$/.test(b)
+    const aBase = a.split("/")[0]
+    const bBase = b.split("/")[0]
+    if (aBase === bBase) {
+      if (!aIsArrayElement && bIsArrayElement) {
+        return -1
+      }
+      if (aIsArrayElement && !bIsArrayElement) {
+        return 1
+      }
+      if (aIsArrayElement && bIsArrayElement) {
+        const aIndex = parseInt(a.split("/")[1])
+        const bIndex = parseInt(b.split("/")[1])
+        return aIndex - bIndex
+      }
+      return a.localeCompare(b)
+    }
+    return a.localeCompare(b)
+  })
+}
+
+// Step 12: Check for special data/body case
+function checkSpecialDataBodyCase(obj, sortedBodyKeys) {
+  return (
+    sortedBodyKeys.includes("data") &&
+    sortedBodyKeys.includes("body") &&
+    obj.data &&
+    obj.data.body &&
+    isBytes(obj.data.body) &&
+    obj.body &&
+    obj.body.data &&
+    isBytes(obj.body.data)
+  )
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.2: Handle empty string in nested path
+function handleEmptyStringInNestedPath(bodyKey, value, pathParts) {
+  if (typeof value === "string" && value === "" && pathParts.length > 1) {
+    const lines = []
+    lines.push(`content-disposition: form-data;name="${bodyKey}"`)
+    lines.push("")
+    lines.push("")
+    return new Blob([lines.join("\r\n")])
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.3.2: Handle arrays with only empty elements
+function handleArrayWithOnlyEmptyElements(
+  bodyKey,
+  value,
+  headers,
+  sortedBodyKeys
+) {
+  const fieldLines = []
+  const partTypes = []
+
+  value.forEach((item, idx) => {
+    const index = idx + 1
+    const itemType = getAoType(item)
+    if (itemType) {
+      partTypes.push(`${index}="${itemType}"`)
+    }
+  })
+
+  const isInline = bodyKey === "body" && headers["inline-body-key"] === "body"
+
+  if (isInline) {
+    const orderedLines = []
+    if (partTypes.length > 0) {
+      orderedLines.push(
+        `ao-types: ${sortTypeAnnotations(partTypes).join(", ")}`
+      )
+    }
+    orderedLines.push("content-disposition: inline")
+    orderedLines.push("")
+    return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n")])
+  } else {
+    const orderedLines = []
+    if (partTypes.length > 0) {
+      orderedLines.push(
+        `ao-types: ${sortTypeAnnotations(partTypes).join(", ")}`
+      )
+    }
+    orderedLines.push(`content-disposition: form-data;name="${bodyKey}"`)
+
+    const isLastBodyPart =
+      sortedBodyKeys.indexOf(bodyKey) === sortedBodyKeys.length - 1
+    const hasOnlyTypes = partTypes.length > 0 && fieldLines.length === 0
+
+    if (isLastBodyPart && hasOnlyTypes) {
+      return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n")])
+    } else {
+      orderedLines.push("")
+      return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n")])
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.3.3: Build indices with own parts
+function buildIndicesWithOwnParts(bodyKey, sortedBodyKeys) {
+  const indicesWithOwnParts = new Set()
+  sortedBodyKeys.forEach(key => {
+    if (key.startsWith(bodyKey + "/")) {
+      const subPath = key.substring(bodyKey.length + 1)
+      const match = subPath.match(/^(\d+)/)
+      if (match) {
+        indicesWithOwnParts.add(parseInt(match[1]))
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return indicesWithOwnParts
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.3.4: Process array items
+function processArrayItems(
+  value,
+  indicesWithOwnParts,
+  hasNestedObjectParts,
+  pathParts
+) {
+  const fieldLines = []
+  const partTypes = []
+
+  if (hasNestedObjectParts) {
+    value.forEach((item, idx) => {
+      const index = idx + 1
+      if (Array.isArray(item)) {
+        partTypes.push(`${index}="list"`)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  value.forEach((item, idx) => {
+    const index = idx + 1
+
+    if (indicesWithOwnParts.has(index)) {
+      // This item has its own part - skip it here
+      // Don't add type annotation for items that have their own parts
+      return
+    }
+    if (
+      hasNestedObjectParts &&
+      Array.isArray(item) &&
+      item.some(subItem => isPojo(subItem))
+    ) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (typeof item === "string" && item === "") {
+      // Empty strings become empty binaries naturally - no type annotation needed
+    } else if (isPojo(item) && Object.keys(item).length === 0) {
+      // Use "map" instead of "empty-message" for structured codec compatibility
+      partTypes.push(`${index}="map"`)
+    } else if (isPojo(item)) {
+      // Non-empty objects are handled elsewhere
+    } else if (Array.isArray(item)) {
+      if (item.length === 0) {
+        // Use "list" instead of "empty-list" for structured codec compatibility
+        partTypes.push(`${index}="list"`)
+      } else {
+        partTypes.push(`${index}="list"`)
+        const encodedItems = item
+          .map(subItem => {
+            if (typeof subItem === "number") {
+              if (Number.isInteger(subItem)) {
+                return `"(ao-type-integer) ${subItem}"`
+              } else {
+                return `"(ao-type-float) ${formatFloat(subItem)}"`
+              }
+            } else if (typeof subItem === "string") {
+              return `"${subItem}"`
+            } else if (subItem === null) {
+              return `"(ao-type-atom) \\"null\\""`
+            } else if (subItem === undefined) {
+              return `"(ao-type-atom) \\"undefined\\""`
+            } else if (typeof subItem === "symbol") {
+              const desc = subItem.description || "Symbol.for()"
+              return `"(ao-type-atom) \\"${desc}\\""`
+            } else if (typeof subItem === "boolean") {
+              return `"(ao-type-atom) \\"${subItem}\\""`
+            } else if (Array.isArray(subItem)) {
+              return encodeArrayItem(subItem)
+            } else if (isBytes(subItem)) {
+              const buffer = toBuffer(subItem)
+              if (buffer.length === 0 || buffer.byteLength === 0) {
+                return `""`
+              }
+              return `"(ao-type-binary)"`
+            } else if (isPojo(subItem)) {
+              const json = JSON.stringify(subItem)
+              const escaped = json.replace(/\\/g, "\\\\").replace(/"/g, '\\"')
+              return `"(ao-type-map) ${escaped}"`
+            } else {
+              return `"${String(subItem)}"`
+            }
+          })
+          .join(", ")
+        fieldLines.push(`${index}: ${encodedItems}`)
+      }
+    } else if (typeof item === "number") {
+      if (Number.isInteger(item)) {
+        partTypes.push(`${index}="integer"`)
+        fieldLines.push(`${index}: ${item}`)
+      } else {
+        partTypes.push(`${index}="float"`)
+        fieldLines.push(`${index}: ${formatFloat(item)}`)
+      }
+    } else if (typeof item === "string") {
+      fieldLines.push(`${index}: ${item}`)
+    } else if (
+      item === null ||
+      item === undefined ||
+      typeof item === "symbol" ||
+      typeof item === "boolean"
+    ) {
+      partTypes.push(`${index}="atom"`)
+      if (item === null) {
+        fieldLines.push(`${index}: null`)
+      } else if (item === undefined) {
+        fieldLines.push(`${index}: undefined`)
+      } else if (typeof item === "symbol") {
+        const desc = item.description || "Symbol.for()"
+        fieldLines.push(`${index}: ${desc}`)
+      } else {
+        fieldLines.push(`${index}: ${item}`)
+      }
+    } else if (isBytes(item)) {
+      const buffer = toBuffer(item)
+      if (buffer.length === 0) {
+        // Empty buffers become empty binaries naturally - no type annotation needed
+      } else {
+        partTypes.push(`${index}="binary"`)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+
+  return { fieldLines, partTypes }
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.3.5: Create array body part
+function createArrayBodyPart(bodyKey, fieldLines, partTypes, headers) {
+  const isInline = bodyKey === "body" && headers["inline-body-key"] === "body"
+
+  if (isInline) {
+    const orderedLines = []
+    if (partTypes.length > 0) {
+      orderedLines.push(
+        `ao-types: ${sortTypeAnnotations(partTypes).join(", ")}`
+      )
+    }
+    orderedLines.push("content-disposition: inline")
+    if (fieldLines.length > 0) {
+      orderedLines.push("")
+      for (const line of fieldLines) {
+        orderedLines.push(line)
+      }
+    }
+    return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n") + "\r\n"])
+  } else {
+    const orderedLines = []
+    if (partTypes.length > 0) {
+      orderedLines.push(
+        `ao-types: ${sortTypeAnnotations(partTypes).join(", ")}`
+      )
+    }
+    orderedLines.push(`content-disposition: form-data;name="${bodyKey}"`)
+    for (const line of fieldLines) {
+      orderedLines.push(line)
+    }
+    if (fieldLines.length > 0) {
+      return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n") + "\r\n"])
+    } else {
+      return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n")])
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.3: Handle array values
+function handleArrayValue(bodyKey, value, headers, sortedBodyKeys, pathParts) {
+  const arrayInfo = analyzeArray(value)
+
+  if (arrayInfo.hasOnlyNonEmptyObjects) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (arrayInfo.hasOnlyEmptyElements) {
+    return handleArrayWithOnlyEmptyElements(
+      bodyKey,
+      value,
+      headers,
+      sortedBodyKeys
+    )
+  }
+
+  const indicesWithOwnParts = buildIndicesWithOwnParts(bodyKey, sortedBodyKeys)
+  const hasNestedObjectParts = sortedBodyKeys.some(
+    key =>
+      key.startsWith(bodyKey + "/") &&
+      key.split("/").length > pathParts.length + 1
+  )
+
+  const { fieldLines, partTypes } = processArrayItems(
+    value,
+    indicesWithOwnParts,
+    hasNestedObjectParts,
+    pathParts
+  )
+  return createArrayBodyPart(bodyKey, fieldLines, partTypes, headers)
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.4.3: Process object fields
+function processObjectFields(value, bodyKey, sortedBodyKeys) {
+  const objectTypes = []
+  const fieldLines = []
+  const binaryFields = []
+  const arrayTypes = []
+
+  // First collect array types
+  // Note: Use "list" for both empty and non-empty arrays for structured codec compatibility
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value)) {
+    if (Array.isArray(v)) {
+      arrayTypes.push(`${k.toLowerCase()}="list"`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Then process other fields
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value)) {
+    const childPath = `${bodyKey}/${k}`
+
+    if (sortedBodyKeys.includes(childPath)) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(v) && v.some(item => isPojo(item))) {
+      const hasOnlyEmpty = v.every(item => isEmpty(item))
+      if (hasOnlyEmpty) {
+        continue
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(v)) {
+      // Type already added in arrayTypes
+    } else if (
+      v === null ||
+      v === undefined ||
+      typeof v === "symbol" ||
+      typeof v === "boolean"
+    ) {
+      objectTypes.push(`${k.toLowerCase()}="atom"`)
+    } else if (typeof v === "number") {
+      objectTypes.push(
+        `${k.toLowerCase()}="${Number.isInteger(v) ? "integer" : "float"}"`
+      )
+    } else if (typeof v === "string" && v.length === 0) {
+      // Empty strings become empty binaries naturally - no type annotation needed
+    } else if (isBytes(v) && (v.length === 0 || v.byteLength === 0)) {
+      // Empty buffers become empty binaries naturally - no type annotation needed
+    } else if (isPojo(v) && Object.keys(v).length === 0) {
+      // Use "map" instead of "empty-message" for structured codec compatibility
+      objectTypes.push(`${k.toLowerCase()}="map"`)
+    }
+
+    if (typeof v === "string") {
+      if (v.length === 0) {
+        fieldLines.push(`${k}: `)
+      } else {
+        fieldLines.push(`${k}: ${v}`)
+      }
+    } else if (typeof v === "number") {
+      fieldLines.push(`${k}: ${v}`)
+    } else if (typeof v === "boolean") {
+      fieldLines.push(`${k}: "${v}"`)
+    } else if (v === null) {
+      fieldLines.push(`${k}: "null"`)
+    } else if (v === undefined) {
+      fieldLines.push(`${k}: "undefined"`)
+    } else if (typeof v === "symbol") {
+      const desc = v.description || "Symbol.for()"
+      fieldLines.push(`${k}: "${desc}"`)
+    } else if (isBytes(v)) {
+      const buffer = toBuffer(v)
+      binaryFields.push({ key: k, buffer })
+    } else if (Array.isArray(v) && v.length === 0) {
+      // Empty array - include the key so Erlang knows it exists
+      fieldLines.push(`${k}: `)
+    } else if (isPojo(v) && Object.keys(v).length === 0) {
+      // Empty object - include the key so Erlang knows it exists
+      fieldLines.push(`${k}: `)
+    } else if (Array.isArray(v) && v.length > 0) {
+      const childPath = `${bodyKey}/${k}`
+      if (!sortedBodyKeys.includes(childPath)) {
+        const hasObjects = v.some(item => isPojo(item))
+        if (!hasObjects) {
+          const encodedItems = v.map(item => encodeArrayItem(item)).join(", ")
+          fieldLines.push(`${k}: ${encodedItems}`)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const allTypes = [...arrayTypes, ...objectTypes]
+  return { allTypes, fieldLines, binaryFields }
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.4.5: Create object body part
+function createObjectBodyPart(
+  bodyKey,
+  value,
+  allTypes,
+  fieldLines,
+  binaryFields,
+  headers,
+  sortedBodyKeys
+) {
+  const isInline = bodyKey === "body" && headers["inline-body-key"] === "body"
+  const lines = []
+
+  if (isInline) {
+    const orderedLines = []
+
+    // For inline mode: fields first, then headers
+    for (const line of fieldLines) {
+      orderedLines.push(line)
+    }
+
+    if (allTypes.length > 0) {
+      orderedLines.push(`ao-types: ${allTypes.sort().join(", ")}`)
+    }
+    orderedLines.push("content-disposition: inline")
+
+    const binaryFieldsForInline = Object.entries(value)
+      .filter(
+        ([k, v]) => isBytes(v) && !sortedBodyKeys.includes(`${bodyKey}/${k}`)
+      )
+      .map(([k, v]) => ({
+        key: k,
+        buffer: toBuffer(v),
+      }))
+
+    if (binaryFieldsForInline.length > 0) {
+      const parts = []
+      // Join all text lines first
+      parts.push(Buffer.from(orderedLines.join("\r\n")))
+      // Then add binary fields
+      for (const { key, buffer } of binaryFieldsForInline) {
+        parts.push(Buffer.from(`\r\n${key}: `))
+        parts.push(buffer)
+      }
+      parts.push(Buffer.from("\r\n"))
+      const fullBody = Buffer.concat(parts)
+      return new Blob([fullBody])
+    } else {
+      return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n") + "\r\n"])
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Non-inline mode remains the same
+    const orderedLines = []
+    if (allTypes.length > 0) {
+      orderedLines.push(`ao-types: ${allTypes.sort().join(", ")}`)
+    }
+    orderedLines.push(`content-disposition: form-data;name="${bodyKey}"`)
+
+    const hasBinaryFields = binaryFields && binaryFields.length > 0
+    if (hasBinaryFields || fieldLines.length === 0) {
+      orderedLines.push("")
+    }
+
+    for (const line of fieldLines) {
+      orderedLines.push(line)
+    }
+
+    if (binaryFields && binaryFields.length > 0) {
+      const parts = []
+      const headerText = orderedLines.join("\r\n")
+      parts.push(Buffer.from(headerText))
+      for (let i = 0; i < binaryFields.length; i++) {
+        const { key, buffer } = binaryFields[i]
+        if (i > 0) {
+          parts.push(Buffer.from("\r\n"))
+        }
+        parts.push(Buffer.from(`${key}: `))
+        parts.push(buffer)
+      }
+      parts.push(Buffer.from("\r\n"))
+      const fullBody = Buffer.concat(parts)
+      return new Blob([fullBody])
+    } else {
+      if (fieldLines.length > 0) {
+        return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n") + "\r\n"])
+      } else {
+        return new Blob([orderedLines.join("\r\n")])
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.4: Handle object values
+function handleObjectValue(
+  obj,
+  bodyKey,
+  value,
+  headers,
+  sortedBodyKeys,
+  pathParts,
+  hasSpecialDataBody
+) {
+  if (Object.keys(value).length === 0) {
+    // Skip empty objects in certain contexts
+    const parentPath = pathParts.slice(0, -1).join("/")
+    const parentValue = parentPath ? getValueByPath(obj, parentPath) : obj
+
+    if (Array.isArray(parentValue)) {
+      const parentArrayInfo = analyzeArray(parentValue)
+      if (
+        parentArrayInfo.hasObjects &&
+        (parentArrayInfo.hasEmptyStrings || parentArrayInfo.hasEmptyObjects)
+      ) {
+        return null
+      }
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+
+  // Skip special data/body case
+  if (
+    hasSpecialDataBody &&
+    bodyKey === "data" &&
+    Object.keys(value).length === 1 &&
+    value.body &&
+    isBytes(value.body)
+  ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const { allTypes, fieldLines, binaryFields } = processObjectFields(
+    value,
+    bodyKey,
+    sortedBodyKeys
+  )
+
+  // Check if object should be skipped
+  const hasOnlyEmptyCollections = Object.entries(value).every(([k, v]) =>
+    isEmpty(v)
+  )
+  const hasArraysWithOnlyEmptyElements = Object.entries(value).some(
+    ([k, v]) =>
+      Array.isArray(v) && v.length > 0 && v.every(item => isEmpty(item))
+  )
+
+  const shouldSkipObject = Object.entries(value).every(([k, v]) => {
+    const childPath = `${bodyKey}/${k}`
+    if (sortedBodyKeys.includes(childPath)) return true
+    if (Array.isArray(v) && v.some(item => isPojo(item))) {
+      const hasOnlyEmpty = v.every(item => isEmpty(item))
+      return hasOnlyEmpty || sortedBodyKeys.includes(childPath)
+    }
+    return false
+  })
+
+  if (
+    shouldSkipObject &&
+    !hasOnlyEmptyCollections &&
+    !hasArraysWithOnlyEmptyElements
+  ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return createObjectBodyPart(
+    bodyKey,
+    value,
+    allTypes,
+    fieldLines,
+    binaryFields,
+    headers,
+    sortedBodyKeys
+  )
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.5: Handle primitive values
+function handlePrimitiveValue(bodyKey, value, headers) {
+  const isInline = bodyKey === "body" && headers["inline-body-key"] === "body"
+  const lines = []
+
+  if (isInline) {
+    lines.push(`content-disposition: inline`)
+  } else {
+    lines.push(`content-disposition: form-data;name="${bodyKey}"`)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    lines.push("")
+    lines.push(value)
+    return new Blob([lines.join("\r\n")])
+  } else {
+    const content = encodePrimitiveContent(value)
+    lines.push("")
+    lines.push(content)
+    return new Blob([lines.join("\r\n")])
+  }
+}
+
+// Step 13.2.6: Handle binary values
+function handleBinaryValue(bodyKey, value, headers) {
+  const isInline = bodyKey === "body" && headers["inline-body-key"] === "body"
+  const lines = []
+
+  if (isInline) {
+    lines.push(`content-disposition: inline`)
+  } else {
+    lines.push(`content-disposition: form-data;name="${bodyKey}"`)
+  }
+
+  const buffer = toBuffer(value)
+  // Always keep binary data as raw binary, regardless of whether it's in an array
+  const headerText = lines.join("\r\n") + "\r\n\r\n"
+  return new Blob([headerText, buffer])
+}
+
+// Step 13.3: Handle special data/body case
+function handleSpecialDataBodyCase(obj, hasSpecialDataBody) {
+  if (
+    hasSpecialDataBody &&
+    obj.data &&
+    obj.data.body &&
+    isBytes(obj.data.body)
+  ) {
+    const buffer = toBuffer(obj.data.body)
+    const specialPart = [
+      `content-disposition: form-data;name="data/body"`,
+      "",
+      "",
+    ].join("\r\n")
+    return new Blob([specialPart, buffer])
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+// Step 13: Build body parts for each body key
+function buildBodyParts(obj, sortedBodyKeys, headers, hasSpecialDataBody) {
+  // Step 13.1: Initialize body parts collection
+  const bodyParts = []
+
+  // Step 13.2: Process each body key
+  for (const bodyKey of sortedBodyKeys) {
+    // Step 13.2.1: Get value for current body key
+    const value = getValueByPath(obj, bodyKey)
+    const pathParts = bodyKey.split("/")
+
+    // Step 13.2.2: Handle empty string in nested path
+    const emptyStringPart = handleEmptyStringInNestedPath(
+      bodyKey,
+      value,
+      pathParts
+    )
+    if (emptyStringPart) {
+      bodyParts.push(emptyStringPart)
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // Step 13.2.3: Handle array values
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      const arrayPart = handleArrayValue(
+        bodyKey,
+        value,
+        headers,
+        sortedBodyKeys,
+        pathParts
+      )
+      if (arrayPart) {
+        bodyParts.push(arrayPart)
+      }
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // Step 13.2.4: Handle object values
+    if (isPojo(value)) {
+      const objectPart = handleObjectValue(
+        obj,
+        bodyKey,
+        value,
+        headers,
+        sortedBodyKeys,
+        pathParts,
+        hasSpecialDataBody
+      )
+      if (objectPart) {
+        bodyParts.push(objectPart)
+      }
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // Step 13.2.5: Handle primitive values
+    if (
+      typeof value === "string" ||
+      typeof value === "boolean" ||
+      typeof value === "number" ||
+      value === null ||
+      value === undefined ||
+      typeof value === "symbol"
+    ) {
+      const primitivePart = handlePrimitiveValue(bodyKey, value, headers)
+      bodyParts.push(primitivePart)
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // Step 13.2.6: Handle binary values
+    if (isBytes(value)) {
+      const binaryPart = handleBinaryValue(bodyKey, value, headers)
+      bodyParts.push(binaryPart)
+      continue
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 13.3: Handle special data/body case
+  const specialPart = handleSpecialDataBodyCase(obj, hasSpecialDataBody)
+  if (specialPart) {
+    bodyParts.push(specialPart)
+  }
+
+  // Step 13.4: Return body parts
+  return bodyParts
+}
+
+// Step 14: Generate multipart boundary
+async function generateBoundary(bodyParts) {
+  const partsContent = await Promise.all(bodyParts.map(part => part.text()))
+  const allContent = partsContent.join("")
+  const boundaryHash = await sha256(new TextEncoder().encode(allContent))
+  const boundary = base64url.encode(Buffer.from(boundaryHash))
+  return boundary
+}
+
+// Step 15: Assemble final multipart body
+function assembleMultipartBody(bodyParts, boundary) {
+  const finalParts = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < bodyParts.length; i++) {
+    if (i === 0) {
+      finalParts.push(new Blob([`--${boundary}\r\n`]))
+    } else {
+      finalParts.push(new Blob([`\r\n--${boundary}\r\n`]))
+    }
+    finalParts.push(bodyParts[i])
+  }
+  finalParts.push(new Blob([`\r\n--${boundary}--`]))
+
+  return new Blob(finalParts)
+}
+
+// Step 16: Calculate content digest
+async function calculateContentDigest(body) {
+  const finalContent = await body.arrayBuffer()
+
+  if (finalContent.byteLength > 0) {
+    const contentDigest = await sha256(finalContent)
+    const base64 = base64url.toBase64(base64url.encode(contentDigest))
+    return { digest: base64, byteLength: finalContent.byteLength }
+  }
+
+  return { digest: null, byteLength: finalContent.byteLength }
+}
+
+// Step 17: Set final headers (content-type, content-length)
+function setFinalHeaders(headers, boundary, contentDigest, byteLength) {
+  headers["content-type"] = `multipart/form-data; boundary="${boundary}"`
+
+  if (contentDigest) {
+    headers["content-digest"] = `sha-256=:${contentDigest}:`
+  }
+
+  headers["content-length"] = String(byteLength)
+}
+
+export async function enc(obj = {}) {
+  // Step 1: Process and normalize input values
+  const processedObj = processInputValues(obj)
+
+  // Step 2: Handle empty object case
+  const emptyResult = handleEmptyObject(processedObj)
+  if (emptyResult) return emptyResult
+
+  // Step 3: Handle single field with empty binary
+  const emptyBinaryResult = handleSingleEmptyBinaryField(processedObj)
+  if (emptyBinaryResult) return emptyBinaryResult
+
+  // Step 4: Handle single field with binary data
+  const singleBinaryResult = await handleSingleBinaryField(processedObj)
+  if (singleBinaryResult) return singleBinaryResult
+
+  // Step 5: Handle single field with primitive value
+  const primitiveResult = await handleSinglePrimitiveField(processedObj)
+  if (primitiveResult) return primitiveResult
+
+  // Step 6a: Handle single field with non-empty binary
+  const nonEmptyBinaryResult =
+    await handleSingleNonEmptyBinaryField(processedObj)
+  if (nonEmptyBinaryResult) return nonEmptyBinaryResult
+
+  // Step 6: Handle single field with non-ASCII string
+  const nonAsciiResult = await handleSingleNonAsciiStringField(processedObj)
+  if (nonAsciiResult) return nonAsciiResult
+
+  // Step 7: Collect all keys that need to go in body
+  const bodyKeys = collectBodyKeysStep(processedObj)
+
+  const objKeys = Object.keys(obj)
+  const headers = {}
+  const headerTypes = []
+
+  // Step 8: Process fields that can go in headers
+  processHeaderFields(obj, bodyKeys, headers, headerTypes)
+
+  // Step 9: Handle case where all body keys are empty binaries
+  const emptyBinaryBodyResult = handleAllEmptyBinaryBodyKeys(
+    obj,
+    bodyKeys,
+    headers,
+    headerTypes
+  )
+  if (emptyBinaryBodyResult) return emptyBinaryBodyResult
+
+  // Step 10: Handle single body key optimization
+  const singleBodyKeyResult = await handleSingleBodyKeyOptimization(
+    obj,
+    bodyKeys,
+    headers,
+    headerTypes
+  )
+  if (singleBodyKeyResult) return singleBodyKeyResult
+
+  // Step 11: Sort body keys
+  const sortedBodyKeys = sortBodyKeys(bodyKeys)
+
+  // Step 12: Check for special data/body case
+  const hasSpecialDataBody = checkSpecialDataBodyCase(obj, sortedBodyKeys)
+
+  // Only add body-keys header if there are actual body keys
+  if (sortedBodyKeys.length > 0) {
+    headers["body-keys"] = sortedBodyKeys.map(k => `"${k}"`).join(", ")
+  }
+
+  // Special case: single body key named "body" containing an object
+  if (
+    !hasSpecialDataBody &&
+    sortedBodyKeys.length === 1 &&
+    sortedBodyKeys[0] === "body"
+  ) {
+    const bodyValue = obj.body
+    if (isPojo(bodyValue)) {
+      headers["inline-body-key"] = "body"
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (headerTypes.length > 0) {
+    headers["ao-types"] = headerTypes.sort().join(", ")
+  }
+
+  // Step 13: Build body parts for each body key
+  const bodyParts = buildBodyParts(
+    obj,
+    sortedBodyKeys,
+    headers,
+    hasSpecialDataBody
+  )
+
+  // If no body parts were created, return headers only
+  if (bodyParts.length === 0) {
+    return { headers, body: undefined }
+  }
+
+  // Step 14: Generate multipart boundary
+  const boundary = await generateBoundary(bodyParts)
+
+  // Step 15: Assemble final multipart body
+  const body = assembleMultipartBody(bodyParts, boundary)
+
+  // Step 16: Calculate content digest
+  const { digest: contentDigest, byteLength } =
+    await calculateContentDigest(body)
+
+  // Step 17: Set final headers (content-type, content-length)
+  setFinalHeaders(headers, boundary, contentDigest, byteLength)
+
+  // Step 18: Return result
+  return { headers, body }
+}