harperdb 3.2.1 → 3.3.0

package/node_modules/lmdb-store/test/node-lmdb.test.js

@@ -1,1525 +1,1525 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var path = require('path');
-var mkdirp = require('mkdirp');
-var rimraf = require('rimraf');
-var chai = require('chai');
-var fs = require('fs');
-var should = chai.should();
-var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
-var inspector = require('inspector')
-//inspector.open(9330, null, true)
-
-var lmdb = require('..');
-const MAX_DB_SIZE = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-describe('Node.js LMDB Bindings', function() {
-  var testDirPath = path.resolve(__dirname, './testdata');
-  var testBackupDirPath = path.resolve(__dirname, './testdata/backup');
-  // just to make a reasonable sized chunk of data...
-  function expand(str) {
-    str = '(' + str + ')';
-    str = str + str;
-    str = str + str;
-    str = str + str;
-    str = str + str;
-    str = str + str;
-    return str;
-  }
-  before(function(done) {
-    // cleanup previous test directory
-    rimraf(testDirPath, function(err) {
-      if (err) {
-        return done(err);
-      }
-      // setup clean directory
-      mkdirp(testBackupDirPath).then(() => {
-        done();
-      }, error => done(error));
-    });
-  });
-  it('will construct, open and close an environment', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env = new lmdb.Env();
-    env.open({
-      path: testDirPath,
-      maxDbs: 10
-    });
-    env.close.should.be.a('function');
-    env.beginTxn.should.be.a('function');
-    env.openDbi.should.be.a('function');
-    env.sync.should.be.a('function');
-    env.resize.should.be.a('function');
-    env.stat.should.be.a('function');
-    env.info.should.be.a('function');
-    env.close();
-  });
-  it.skip('will open multiple environments and begin transactions', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    for (let i =0; i < 12; i++) {
-      var env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath + '/data' + i + '.mdb',
-        noSubdir: true
-      });
-      env.beginTxn();
-    }
-  });
-  describe('Basics', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        maxReaders: 422,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('will attempt to create two write transactions', function () {
-      var wtxn1 = env.beginTxn();
-      (function() {
-        var wtxn2 = env.beginTxn();
-      }).should.throw("You have already opened a write transaction in the current process, can't open a second one.");
-      wtxn1.abort();
-    });
-    it('will open a database, begin a transaction and get/put/delete data', function() {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb1',
-        create: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
-      should.equal(data, undefined);
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'Hello world!');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
-      data2.should.equal('Hello world!');
-      txn.del(dbi, 'hello');
-      var data3 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
-      should.equal(data3, undefined);
-      txn.commit();
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it('env.openDbi should throw an error when invalid parameters are passed', function() {
-      chai.assert.throw(function () {
-        env.openDbi();
-      });
-      chai.assert.throw(function () {
-        env.openDbi(null);
-      });
-      chai.assert.throw(function () {
-        env.openDbi(1);
-      });
-    });
-    it('will open a database and empty the database without closing it', function() {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb1',
-        create: true
-      });
-      dbi.drop({
-        justFreePages: true
-      });
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it('will open a database, begin a transaction and get/put/delete string data containing zeros', function() {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb1x',
-        create: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
-      should.equal(data, undefined);
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'Hello \0 world!');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
-      data2.should.equal('Hello \0 world!');
-      txn.del(dbi, 'hello');
-      var data3 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
-      should.equal(data3, undefined);
-      txn.commit();
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it.skip('will check if UTF-16 Buffers can be read as strings', function() {
-      // The string we want to store using a buffer
-      var expectedString = 'Hello \0 world!';
-
-      // node-lmdb internally stores a terminating zero, so we need to manually emulate that here
-      // NOTE: this would NEVER work without 'utf16le'!
-      var buf = Buffer.from(expectedString + '\0', 'utf16le');
-      var key = 'hello';
-
-      // Open dbi and create cursor
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb1xx',
-        create: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-
-      // Check non-existence of the key
-      var data1 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
-      should.equal(data1, undefined);
-
-      // Store data as binary
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, key, buf);
-
-      // Retrieve data as binary and check
-      var data2 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
-      should.equal(buf.compare(data2), 0);
-
-      // Retrieve same data as string and check
-      var data3 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, key);
-      should.equal(data3, expectedString);
-
-      // Delete data
-      txn.del(dbi, key);
-
-      // Put new binary data without zero termination
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, key, Buffer.from(expectedString));
-
-      // Verify that you can't read it back as a string
-      (function () {
-        var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, key);
-      }).should.throw('Invalid zero-terminated UTF-16 string');
-
-      // Delete data
-      txn.del(dbi, key);
-
-      // Verify non-existence of data
-      var data3 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
-      should.equal(data3, undefined);
-
-      txn.commit();
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it('will throw Javascript error if named database cannot be found', function () {
-      try {
-        env.openDbi({
-          name: 'does-not-exist',
-          create: false
-        });
-      } catch (err) {
-        err.should.be.an.instanceof(Error);
-      }
-    });
-    it('will get information about an environment', function() {
-      var info = env.info();
-      info.mapAddress.should.be.a('number');
-      info.mapSize.should.be.a('number');
-      info.lastPageNumber.should.be.a('number');
-      info.lastTxnId.should.be.a('number');
-      info.maxReaders.should.be.a('number');
-      info.numReaders.should.be.a('number');
-
-      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
-      should.equal(info.maxReaders, 422);
-    });
-    it('will check for open transactions before resizing the mapSize', function() {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-          name: 'mydb1',
-          create: true
-      });
-      var info = env.info();
-      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
-      // Open write transaction
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      try {
-        env.resize(info.mapSize * 2);
-      } catch (err) {
-        err.should.be.an.instanceof(Error);
-      }
-      txn.abort();
-      info = env.info();
-      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it('will resize the mapSize', function() {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-          name: 'mydb1',
-          create: true
-      });
-      var info = env.info();
-      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
-      env.resize(info.mapSize * 2);
-      info = env.info();
-      should.equal(info.mapSize, 2 * MAX_DB_SIZE);
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it('will get statistics about an environment', function() {
-      var stat = env.stat();
-      stat.pageSize.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.treeDepth.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.treeBranchPageCount.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.treeLeafPageCount.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.entryCount.should.be.a('number');
-    });
-    it('will get statistics about a database', function() {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb2',
-        create: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var stat = dbi.stat(txn);
-      stat.pageSize.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.treeDepth.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.treeBranchPageCount.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.treeLeafPageCount.should.be.a('number');
-      stat.entryCount.should.be.a('number');
-      txn.abort();
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it('will create a database with a user-supplied transaction', function () {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'dbUsingUserSuppliedTxn',
-        create: true,
-        txn: txn
-      });
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'world');
-      txn.commit();
-
-      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
-      var str = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
-      should.equal(str, 'world');
-
-      txn.abort();
-      dbi.close();
-    });
-    it('will create a database and back it up', function (done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'backup',
-        create: true,
-        txn: txn
-      });
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'world');
-      txn.commit();
-      env.copy(testBackupDirPath, true, (error) => {
-        done(error)
-      });
-//      console.log('sent copy')
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Data types', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var txn;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb3',
-        create: true,
-        useVersions: true,
-        compression: new lmdb.Compression({
-          threshold: 100,
-          dictionary: fs.readFileSync(require.resolve('../dict/dict.txt')),
-        })
-      });
-      txn = env.beginTxn();
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      txn.commit();
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('string', function() {
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', 'Hello world!');
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('string with non-latin characters', function() {
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和', '中华人民共和');
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和');
-      data.should.equal('中华人民共和');
-      txn.del(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('string with version', function() {
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', 'Hello world!', 334);
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
-      var lastVersion = lmdb.getLastVersion();
-      lastVersion.should.equal(334);
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('string with compression', function() {
-      let value = '{"id":34,"enabled":true,"title":"this is a test that should be using common words of our language and seeing if it is well compressed","children":[{"data":"some more"}]}'
-      for (let i = 0; i < 0; i++)
-        value += value;
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', value);
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      data.should.equal(value);
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('string with compression with version', function() {
-      let value = 'Hello world!'
-      for (let i = 0; i < 7; i++)
-        value += value;
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', value, 5555);
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      data.should.equal(value);
-      var lastVersion = lmdb.getLastVersion();
-      lastVersion.should.equal(5555);
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it.skip('string (zero copy)', function() {
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', 'Hello world!');
-      var data = txn.getUtf8Unsafe(dbi, 'key1');
-      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8Unsafe(dbi, 'key1');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('binary', function() {
-      var buffer = new Buffer('48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421', 'hex');
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, ['key2', 2], buffer);
-      var data = txn.getBinary(dbi, ['key2', 2]);
-      data.should.deep.equal(buffer);
-      txn.del(dbi, ['key2', 2]);
-      var data2 = txn.getBinary(dbi, ['key2', 2]);
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('binary (zero copy)', function() {
-      var buffer = new Buffer('48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421', 'hex');
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, 'key2', buffer);
-      var buffer2 = new Buffer('58636c6c6f2c20779f324c5414', 'hex');
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, 'key3', buffer2);
-      var length = txn.getBinaryUnsafe(dbi, 'key2');
-      var data = dbi.unsafeBuffer.slice(0, length);
-      data.toString()
-      //data.slice(0, buffer.length).should.deep.equal(buffer);
-      //env.detachBuffer(data.buffer);
-      var length = txn.getBinaryUnsafe(dbi, 'key3');
-      var data2 = dbi.unsafeBuffer.slice(0, length);
-      var byte = data[0]; // make sure we can access it
-      data.slice(0, buffer2.length).should.deep.equal(buffer2);
-      //env.detachBuffer(data.buffer);
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key2');
-      var data2 = txn.getBinaryUnsafe(dbi, 'key2');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('binary key', function() {
-      var buffer = new Buffer('48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421', 'hex');
-      var key = new Buffer('key2');
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, key, buffer);
-      var data = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
-      data.should.deep.equal(buffer);
-      txn.del(dbi, key, { keyIsBuffer: true });
-      var data2 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it.skip('number', function() {
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 'key3', 900719925474099);
-      var data = txn.getNumber(dbi, 'key3');
-      data.should.equal(900719925474099);
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key3');
-      var data2 = txn.getNumber(dbi, 'key3');
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('string and number key', function() {
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, -2.4, 'Hello world!');
-      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, -2.4);
-      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
-      txn.del(dbi, -2.4);
-      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, -2.4);
-      should.equal(data2, undefined);
-    });
-    it('boolean', function() {
-      txn.putBoolean(dbi, 'key4', true);
-      var data = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key4');
-      data.should.equal(true);
-      txn.putBoolean(dbi, 'key5', false);
-      var data2 = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key5');
-      data2.should.equal(false);
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key4');
-      txn.del(dbi, 'key5');
-      var data3 = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key4');
-      var data4 = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key5');
-      should.equal(data3, undefined);
-      should.equal(data4, undefined);
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Multiple transactions', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb4',
-        create: true,
-        keyIsUint32: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 1, 'Hello1');
-      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 2, 'Hello2');
-      txn.commit();
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('readonly transaction should not see uncommited changes', function() {
-      var readTxn = env.beginTxn({readOnly: true});
-      var data = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
-      should.equal(data, 'Hello1');
-
-      var writeTxn = env.beginTxn();
-      writeTxn.putUtf8(dbi, 1, 'Ha ha ha');
-
-      var data2 = writeTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
-      data2.should.equal('Ha ha ha');
-
-      var data3 = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
-      should.equal(data3, 'Hello1');
-
-      writeTxn.commit();
-      var data4 = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
-      should.equal(data4, 'Hello1');
-
-      readTxn.reset();
-      readTxn.renew();
-      var data5 = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
-      should.equal(data5, 'Ha ha ha');
-      readTxn.abort();
-    });
-    it('readonly transaction will throw if tries to write', function() {
-      var readTxn = env.beginTxn({readOnly: true});
-      (function() {
-        readTxn.putUtf8(dbi, 2, 'hööhh');
-      }).should.throw('Permission denied');
-      readTxn.abort();
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Cursors, basic operation', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var total = 5;
-
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'cursor_verybasic',
-        create: true
-      });
-      const txn = env.beginTxn();
-      let count = 0;
-      while (count < total) {
-        let key = "hello\x1E_" + count.toString(16);
-        let data = key + "_data";
-        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
-        count++;
-      }
-      count = 0;
-      while (count < total) {
-        let key = count - 2
-        let data = key + "_data";
-        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
-        count++;
-      }
-      count = 0;
-      while (count < total) {
-        let key = ["hello_\x1B" + count.toString(16) + '\x1E', count];
-        let data = key + "_data";
-        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
-        count++;
-      }
-      count = 0;
-      while (count < total) {
-        let key = [count, "hello_" + count.toString(16)];
-        let data = key + "_data";
-        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
-        count++;
-      }
-      txn.commit();
-    });
-    it('will move cursor over values, expects to get correct key', function (done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      var count;
-
-      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
-        var expectedKey = "hello\x1E_" + count.toString(16);
-        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
-        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
-      }
-      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
-        var expectedKey = count - 2;
-        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
-        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
-      }
-      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
-        var expectedKey = ["hello_\x1B" + count.toString(16) + '\x1E', count];
-        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
-        should.equal(JSON.stringify(expectedKey), JSON.stringify(key));
-      }
-      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
-        var expectedKey = [count, "hello_" + count.toString(16)];
-        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
-        should.equal(JSON.stringify(expectedKey), JSON.stringify(key));
-      }
-
-      should.equal(count, total);
-      count = 0;
-
-      for (var key = cursor.goToFirst(); key != null; key = cursor.goToNext()) {
-        var key2 = cursor.goToKey(key);
-        should.equal(JSON.stringify(key), JSON.stringify(key2));
-        count ++;
-      }
-
-      should.equal(count, total * 4);
-
-      cursor.close();
-      txn.abort();
-
-      done();
-    });
-    it.skip('will move cursor over values, expects to get correct key even if key is binary', function (done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      var count;
-
-      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
-        var expectedKey = "hello_" + count.toString(16);
-        var binaryKey = new Buffer(expectedKey + "\0", "utf16le");
-        var key = cursor.goToKey(binaryKey);
-        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
-        should.equal(binaryKey.toString("utf16le"), key + "\0");
-      }
-
-      should.equal(count, total);
-      count = 0;
-
-      for (var key = cursor.goToFirst(); key; key = cursor.goToNext()) {
-        var key2 = cursor.goToKey(new Buffer(key + "\0", "utf16le"), { keyIsBuffer: true });
-        should.equal(key, key2);
-        count ++;
-      }
-
-      should.equal(count, total);
-
-      cursor.close();
-      txn.abort();
-
-      done();
-    });
-    after(function () {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Cursors', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var total = 1000;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb5',
-        create: true,
-        dupSort: false,
-        keyIsUint32: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var c = 0;
-      while(c < total) {
-        var buffer = new Buffer(new Array(8));
-        buffer.writeDoubleBE(c);
-        txn.putBinary(dbi, c, buffer);
-        c++;
-      }
-      txn.commit();
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('will move cursor over key/values', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToKey(40);
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(40);
-        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(40);
-      });
-
-      var values = [];
-      cursor.goToKey(0);
-      function iterator() {
-        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-          value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(values.length);
-          values.push(value);
-        });
-        cursor.goToNext();
-        if (values.length < total) {
-          // prevent maximum call stack errors
-          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
-            setImmediate(iterator);
-          } else {
-            iterator();
-          }
-        } else {
-          cursor.close();
-          txn.abort();
-          done();
-        }
-      }
-      iterator();
-    });
-    it.skip('will move cursor over key/values (zero copy)', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToKey(40);
-      cursor.getCurrentBinaryUnsafe(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(40);
-        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(40);
-      });
-      var values = [];
-      cursor.goToKey(0);
-      function iterator() {
-        cursor.getCurrentBinaryUnsafe(function(key, value) {
-          value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(values.length);
-          values.push(value);
-        });
-        cursor.goToNext();
-        if (values.length < total) {
-          // prevent maximum call stack errors
-          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
-            setImmediate(iterator);
-          } else {
-            iterator();
-          }
-        } else {
-          cursor.close();
-          txn.abort();
-          done();
-        }
-      }
-      iterator();
-    });
-    it('will first/last key', function() {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToFirst();
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(0);
-        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(0);
-      });
-      cursor.goToLast();
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(total - 1);
-        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(total - 1);
-      });
-      cursor.close();
-      txn.abort();
-    });
-  });
-  describe.skip('Cursors, dupsort', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var total = 50;
-    var dataCount = {};
-
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'cursor_dupsort',
-        create: true,
-        dupSort: true
-      });
-      const txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var count;
-      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
-        let key = "hello_" + count.toString(16);
-        let data = key + "_data";
-        dataCount[key] = (count % 4) + 1;
-        for (var j = 0; j < dataCount[key]; j++) {
-          txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data + String(j));
-        }
-      }
-      txn.commit();
-    });
-    it('will move cursor over values, expects to get correct key and data', function (done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      var count;
-
-      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
-        var expectedKey = "hello_" + count.toString(16);
-        var expectedDataX = expectedKey + "_data";
-        var key = cursor.goToRange(expectedKey);
-        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
-
-        var data = cursor.getCurrentUtf8();
-        should.equal(expectedDataX + "0", data);
-
-        var dc;
-
-        // Iterate over dup keys
-        dc = 0;
-        for (var k = cursor.goToFirstDup(); k; k = cursor.goToNextDup()) {
-            var data = cursor.getCurrentUtf8();
-
-            should.equal(expectedKey, k);
-            should.equal(expectedDataX + String(dc), data);
-
-            dc ++;
-        }
-        should.equal(dataCount[key], dc);
-
-        // Iterate over dup keys by using goToDup first
-        dc = 0;
-        for (var k = cursor.goToDup(expectedKey, expectedDataX + "0"); k; k = cursor.goToNextDup()) {
-            var data = cursor.getCurrentUtf8();
-
-            should.equal(expectedKey, k);
-            should.equal(expectedDataX + String(dc), data);
-
-            dc ++;
-        }
-        should.equal(dataCount[key], dc);
-      }
-
-      should.equal(count, total);
-      count = 0;
-
-      cursor.close();
-      txn.abort();
-
-      done();
-    });
-    after(function () {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Cursors (with strings)', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var total = 1000;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'cursorstrings',
-        create: true,
-        dupSort: true,
-        //keyIsUint32: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var c = 0;
-      while(c < total) {
-        txn.putUtf8(dbi, c, c.toString());
-        c++;
-      }
-      txn.commit();
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it.skip('will move cursor over key/values (zero copy)', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToKey(40);
-      cursor.getCurrentStringUnsafe(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(40);
-        value.should.equal('40');
-      });
-
-      var values = [];
-      cursor.goToKey(0);
-      function iterator() {
-        cursor.getCurrentStringUnsafe(function(key, value) {
-          value.should.equal(values.length.toString());
-          values.push(value);
-        });
-        cursor.goToNext();
-        if (values.length < total) {
-          // prevent maximum call stack errors
-          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
-            setImmediate(iterator);
-          } else {
-            iterator();
-          }
-        } else {
-          cursor.close();
-          txn.abort();
-          done();
-        }
-      }
-      iterator();
-    });
-    it('will move cursor over key/values', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToKey(40);
-      cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(40);
-        value.should.equal('40');
-      });
-      var values = [];
-      cursor.goToKey(0);
-      function iterator() {
-        cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
-          value.should.equal(values.length.toString());
-          values.push(value);
-        });
-        cursor.goToNext();
-        if (values.length < total) {
-          // prevent maximum call stack errors
-          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
-            setImmediate(iterator);
-          } else {
-            iterator();
-          }
-        } else {
-          cursor.close();
-          txn.abort();
-          done();
-        }
-      }
-      iterator();
-    });
-    it('will first/last key', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToFirst();
-      cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(0);
-        value.should.equal('0');
-      });
-      cursor.goToLast();
-      cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
-        key.should.equal(total - 1);
-        value.should.equal((total - 1).toString());
-      });
-      cursor.close();
-      txn.abort();
-      done();
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Remove last item', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'removelast',
-        create: true,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('remove last entry', function() {
-      for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-        var readTxn = env.beginTxn({readOnly: true});
-        var txn = env.beginTxn();
-        txn.putBinary(dbi, Buffer.from([1]), Buffer.from([1]));
-        txn.putBinary(dbi, Buffer.from([2]), Buffer.from([1]));
-        txn.commit();
-        var txn = env.beginTxn();
-        txn.del(dbi, Buffer.from([1]));
-        txn.del(dbi, Buffer.from([2]));
-        txn.commit();
-        readTxn.commit();
-      }
-    })
-   });
-
-
-  describe('Cursors with binary key and data', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var total = 1000;
-    let padding = '000000000';
-    let keyEnc = 'utf8';
-    let valueEnc = 'utf8';
-
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'cursorbinkeydata',
-        create: true,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-      const txn = env.beginTxn();
-      let count = 0;
-      while (count < total) {
-        let keyStr = (padding + count).slice(-padding.length);
-        let dataStr = expand(keyStr);
-        let key = Buffer.from(keyStr,keyEnc);
-        let data = Buffer.from(dataStr,valueEnc) // just for kicks.
-        txn.putBinary(dbi, key, data);
-        count++;
-      }
-      txn.commit();
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('will move cursor over key/values', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      let expectedKey = (padding + 40).slice(-padding.length);
-      let key = Buffer.from(expectedKey,keyEnc);
-      cursor.goToKey(key);
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
-        let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
-        readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
-        readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
-      });
-
-      let count = 0;
-      key = cursor.goToFirst();
-      // key is a string... bug...
-      //(typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
-      while (key && count < total+1) { //+1 to run off end if fails to return null
-        let expectedKey = (padding + count).slice(-padding.length);
-        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-          (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
-          let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
-          let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
-          readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
-          readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
-          });
-        key = cursor.goToNext();
-        (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
-        count++;
-      }
-      cursor.close();
-      txn.commit();
-      count.should.equal(total);
-      done();
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Cursors reading existing binary key and data', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var total = 1000;
-    let padding = '000000000';
-    let keyEnc = 'utf8';
-    let valueEnc = 'utf8';
-
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'cursorbinkeydata',
-        create: false,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-    });
-
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-
-    it('will move cursor over existing key/values', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      let expectedKey = (padding + 40).slice(-padding.length);
-      let key = Buffer.from(expectedKey,keyEnc);
-      cursor.goToKey(key);
-      let rvalue = cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
-        let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
-        let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
-        readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
-        readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
-      });
-      rvalue.toString(valueEnc).should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
-
-      let count = 0;
-      key = cursor.goToFirst();
-      (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
-      while (key && count < total+1) { //+1 to run off end if fails to return null
-        let expectedKey = (padding + count).slice(-padding.length);
-        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-          let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
-          let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
-          readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
-          readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
-          });
-        key = cursor.goToNext();
-        (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
-        count++;
-      }
-      cursor.close();
-      txn.commit();
-      count.should.equal(total);
-      done();
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Cluster', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    it('will run a cluster of processes with read-only transactions', function(done) {
-      var child = spawn('node', [path.resolve(__dirname, './cluster')]);
-      child.stdout.on('data', function(data) {
-        console.log(data.toString());
-      });
-      child.stderr.on('data', function(data) {
-        console.error(data.toString());
-      });
-      child.on('close', function(code) {
-        code.should.equal(0);
-        done();
-      });
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Threads', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    it('will run a group of threads with read-only transactions', function(done) {
-      var child = spawn('node', [path.resolve(__dirname, './threads')]);
-      child.stdout.on('data', function(data) {
-        console.log(data.toString());
-      });
-      child.stderr.on('data', function(data) {
-        console.error(data.toString());
-      });
-      child.on('close', function(code) {
-        code.should.equal(0);
-        done();
-      });
-    });
-  });
-  describe.skip('Dupsort', function () {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize:  MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-    });
-    after(function () {
-      env.close();
-    });
-    beforeEach(function () {
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'testdb_dupsort',
-        create: true,
-        dupSort: true,
-        dupFixed: false,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-    });
-    afterEach(function () {
-      dbi.drop();
-    });
-    it('will insert values with different lengths', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var value1 = new Buffer(new Array(8));
-      var value2 = new Buffer(new Array(4));
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value1);
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value2);
-      txn.commit();
-
-      var txn2 = env.beginTxn({readonly: true});
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn2, dbi);
-      var found = cursor.goToKey(new Buffer('id'));
-      should.exist(found);
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        key.toString().should.equal('id');
-        value.length.should.equal(4);
-
-        cursor.goToNext();
-        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-          key.toString().should.equal('id');
-          value.length.should.equal(8);
-          cursor.close();
-          txn2.abort();
-          done();
-        });
-      });
-    });
-    it('will delete dupsort data correctly', function (done) {
-      var txn;
-      var cursor;
-      var key;
-
-      // Add test data to database
-      txn = env.beginTxn();
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 1);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 2);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 3);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 4);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 1);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 2);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 3);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 4);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 1);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 2);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 3);
-      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 4);
-      txn.commit();
-
-      // Now delete some data
-      txn = env.beginTxn();
-      txn.del(dbi, 101, 2);
-      txn.del(dbi, 101, 4);
-      txn.del(dbi, 102, 1);
-      txn.del(dbi, 102, 3);
-      txn.commit();
-
-      // Verify data
-      txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
-      cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToFirst().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
-      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
-      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
-      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
-      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(101);
-      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(101);
-      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(102);
-      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(102);
-      should.equal(cursor.goToNext(), undefined);
-
-      txn.abort();
-
-      done();
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Dupfixed', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb7',
-        create: true,
-        dupSort: true,
-        dupFixed: true,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('will insert values with the same length (inserted with different lengths)', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var value1 = new Buffer(new Array(4));
-      value1.writeUInt32BE(100);
-      var value2 = new Buffer(new Array(8));
-      value2.writeUInt32BE(200);
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value1);
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value2);
-      txn.commit();
-
-      var txn2 = env.beginTxn({readonly: true});
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn2, dbi);
-      var found = cursor.goToKey(new Buffer('id'));
-      should.exist(found);
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        key.toString().should.equal('id');
-        value.length.should.equal(8);
-
-        cursor.goToNext();
-        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-          key.toString().should.equal('id');
-          value.length.should.equal(8);
-          cursor.close();
-          txn2.abort();
-          done();
-        });
-      });
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Memory Freeing / Garbage Collection', function() {
-    it('should not cause a segment fault', function(done) {
-      var expectedKey = new Buffer('822285ee315d2b04');
-      var expectedValue = new Buffer('ec65d632d9168c33350ed31a30848d01e95172931e90984c218ef6b08c1fa90a', 'hex');
-      var env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 12,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'testfree',
-        create: true,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, expectedKey, expectedValue);
-      txn.commit();
-      var txn2 = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn2, dbi);
-      var key;
-      var value;
-      cursor.goToFirst();
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(returnKey, returnValue) {
-        key = returnKey;
-        value = returnValue;
-      });
-      cursor.close();
-      txn2.abort();
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-      key.should.deep.equal(expectedKey);
-      value.compare(expectedValue).should.equal(0);
-      done();
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Type Conversion', function() {
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    var expectedKey = new Buffer('822285ee315d2b04', 'hex');
-    var expectedValue = new Buffer('ec65d632d9168c33350ed31a30848d01e95172931e90984c218ef6b08c1fa90a', 'hex');
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 12,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'testkeys',
-        create: true,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      txn.putBinary(dbi, expectedKey, expectedValue);
-      txn.commit();
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('will be able to convert key to buffer', function(done) {
-      var txn = env.beginTxn();
-      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
-      cursor.goToFirst();
-      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
-        var keyBuffer = new Buffer(key);
-        cursor.close();
-        txn.abort();
-        keyBuffer.compare(expectedKey).should.equal(0);
-        value.compare(expectedValue).should.equal(0);
-        done();
-      });
-    });
-  });
-  describe('Sync', function() {
-    var env;
-    var dbi;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 12,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-      dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'testsync',
-        create: true,
-        keyIsBuffer: true
-      });
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      dbi.close();
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it('should not block promise callbacks', function(done) {
-      var timeoutResult
-      new Promise(resolve => {
-        env.sync(() => {
-          resolve();
-        })
-      }).then(() => {
-        // this should execute immediately after it is synced, before the timeout, so timeoutResult should be undefined
-        done(timeoutResult)
-      });
-      setTimeout(() => {
-        timeoutResult = 'Timeout occurred'
-      }, 100);
-    });
-  });
-  describe('batch', function() {
-    this.timeout(10000);
-    var env;
-    before(function() {
-      env = new lmdb.Env();
-      env.open({
-        path: testDirPath,
-        maxDbs: 10,
-        maxReaders: 422,
-        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
-      });
-    });
-    after(function() {
-      env.close();
-    });
-    it.skip('will batchWrite binary data and read it', function(done) {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb8',
-        create: true
-      });
-      var data = [
-        [ dbi, Buffer.from([47]), Buffer.from([1, 2]), Buffer.from([5, 2]) ],
-        [ dbi, Buffer.from([4]), Buffer.from([1, 2]) ],
-        [ dbi, Buffer.from([5]), Buffer.from([3, 4]) ],
-        [ dbi, Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([5, 6]) ],
-        [ dbi, Buffer.from([7]) ],
-        [ dbi, Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([7, 8]), Buffer.from([1, 1]) ],
-        [ dbi, Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([7, 8]), Buffer.from([5]) ],
-        {
-          db: dbi,
-          key: Buffer.from([5]),
-          value: Buffer.from([8, 9]),
-          ifValue: Buffer.from([7]),
-          ifKey: Buffer.from([6]),
-          ifExactMatch: false,
-        }
-
-      ];
-      env.batchWrite(data, { keyIsBuffer: true, progress(results) {
-        //console.log('progress', results)
-      } }, function(error, results) {
-        if (error) {
-          should.fail(error);
-          return done();
-        }
-        results.should.deep.equal([ 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]);
-
-        var txn = env.beginTxn();
-        var expectedData = [
-          [ Buffer.from([4]), Buffer.from([1, 2]) ],
-          [ Buffer.from([5]), Buffer.from([8, 9]) ],
-          [ Buffer.from([7]) ],
-          [ Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([7, 8]) ],
-        ];
-        for (var i = 0; i < expectedData.length; i++) {
-          var key = expectedData[i][0];
-          var value = expectedData[i][1];
-          if (value) {
-            should.equal(value.equals(txn.getBinary(dbi, key)), true);
-          }
-          else
-            should.equal(txn.getBinary(dbi, key), undefined);
-        }
-        txn.commit();
-        dbi.close();
-        done();
-      });
-    });
-    it('will batchWrite strings and read it', function(done) {
-      var dbi = env.openDbi({
-        name: 'mydb8',
-        create: true,
-        useVersions: true,
-      });
-      var data = [
-        dbi,
-        [ 'key 1', 'this is a test 1', 546 ],
-        [ 'key 2', 'this is a test 2', 444 ],
-        [ 'key 3', 'this is a test 3', 643 ]
-      ];
-      var results = Buffer.alloc(3)
-      env.batchWrite(data, results, function(error) {
-        if (error) {
-          should.fail(error);
-          return done();
-        }
-
-        var txn = env.beginTxn();
-        for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-          if (!data[i].length)
-            continue
-          var key = data[i][0];
-          var value = data[i][1];
-          var version = data[i][2];
-          if (value)
-            value.should.equal(txn.getUtf8(dbi, key));
-          else
-            should.equal(txn.getUtf8(dbi, key), undefined);
-          if (version)
-            version.should.equal(lmdb.getLastVersion())
-        }
-        txn.commit();
-        dbi.close();
-        done();
-      });
-      console.log('submitted batch')
-    });
-  });
-});
+'use strict';
+
+var path = require('path');
+var mkdirp = require('mkdirp');
+var rimraf = require('rimraf');
+var chai = require('chai');
+var fs = require('fs');
+var should = chai.should();
+var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
+var inspector = require('inspector')
+//inspector.open(9330, null, true)
+
+var lmdb = require('..');
+const MAX_DB_SIZE = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+describe('Node.js LMDB Bindings', function() {
+  var testDirPath = path.resolve(__dirname, './testdata');
+  var testBackupDirPath = path.resolve(__dirname, './testdata/backup');
+  // just to make a reasonable sized chunk of data...
+  function expand(str) {
+    str = '(' + str + ')';
+    str = str + str;
+    str = str + str;
+    str = str + str;
+    str = str + str;
+    str = str + str;
+    return str;
+  }
+  before(function(done) {
+    // cleanup previous test directory
+    rimraf(testDirPath, function(err) {
+      if (err) {
+        return done(err);
+      }
+      // setup clean directory
+      mkdirp(testBackupDirPath).then(() => {
+        done();
+      }, error => done(error));
+    });
+  });
+  it('will construct, open and close an environment', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env = new lmdb.Env();
+    env.open({
+      path: testDirPath,
+      maxDbs: 10
+    });
+    env.close.should.be.a('function');
+    env.beginTxn.should.be.a('function');
+    env.openDbi.should.be.a('function');
+    env.sync.should.be.a('function');
+    env.resize.should.be.a('function');
+    env.stat.should.be.a('function');
+    env.info.should.be.a('function');
+    env.close();
+  });
+  it.skip('will open multiple environments and begin transactions', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    for (let i =0; i < 12; i++) {
+      var env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath + '/data' + i + '.mdb',
+        noSubdir: true
+      });
+      env.beginTxn();
+    }
+  });
+  describe('Basics', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        maxReaders: 422,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('will attempt to create two write transactions', function () {
+      var wtxn1 = env.beginTxn();
+      (function() {
+        var wtxn2 = env.beginTxn();
+      }).should.throw("You have already opened a write transaction in the current process, can't open a second one.");
+      wtxn1.abort();
+    });
+    it('will open a database, begin a transaction and get/put/delete data', function() {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb1',
+        create: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
+      should.equal(data, undefined);
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'Hello world!');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
+      data2.should.equal('Hello world!');
+      txn.del(dbi, 'hello');
+      var data3 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
+      should.equal(data3, undefined);
+      txn.commit();
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it('env.openDbi should throw an error when invalid parameters are passed', function() {
+      chai.assert.throw(function () {
+        env.openDbi();
+      });
+      chai.assert.throw(function () {
+        env.openDbi(null);
+      });
+      chai.assert.throw(function () {
+        env.openDbi(1);
+      });
+    });
+    it('will open a database and empty the database without closing it', function() {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb1',
+        create: true
+      });
+      dbi.drop({
+        justFreePages: true
+      });
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it('will open a database, begin a transaction and get/put/delete string data containing zeros', function() {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb1x',
+        create: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
+      should.equal(data, undefined);
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'Hello \0 world!');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
+      data2.should.equal('Hello \0 world!');
+      txn.del(dbi, 'hello');
+      var data3 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
+      should.equal(data3, undefined);
+      txn.commit();
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it.skip('will check if UTF-16 Buffers can be read as strings', function() {
+      // The string we want to store using a buffer
+      var expectedString = 'Hello \0 world!';
+
+      // node-lmdb internally stores a terminating zero, so we need to manually emulate that here
+      // NOTE: this would NEVER work without 'utf16le'!
+      var buf = Buffer.from(expectedString + '\0', 'utf16le');
+      var key = 'hello';
+
+      // Open dbi and create cursor
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb1xx',
+        create: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+
+      // Check non-existence of the key
+      var data1 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
+      should.equal(data1, undefined);
+
+      // Store data as binary
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, key, buf);
+
+      // Retrieve data as binary and check
+      var data2 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
+      should.equal(buf.compare(data2), 0);
+
+      // Retrieve same data as string and check
+      var data3 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, key);
+      should.equal(data3, expectedString);
+
+      // Delete data
+      txn.del(dbi, key);
+
+      // Put new binary data without zero termination
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, key, Buffer.from(expectedString));
+
+      // Verify that you can't read it back as a string
+      (function () {
+        var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, key);
+      }).should.throw('Invalid zero-terminated UTF-16 string');
+
+      // Delete data
+      txn.del(dbi, key);
+
+      // Verify non-existence of data
+      var data3 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
+      should.equal(data3, undefined);
+
+      txn.commit();
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it('will throw Javascript error if named database cannot be found', function () {
+      try {
+        env.openDbi({
+          name: 'does-not-exist',
+          create: false
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        err.should.be.an.instanceof(Error);
+      }
+    });
+    it('will get information about an environment', function() {
+      var info = env.info();
+      info.mapAddress.should.be.a('number');
+      info.mapSize.should.be.a('number');
+      info.lastPageNumber.should.be.a('number');
+      info.lastTxnId.should.be.a('number');
+      info.maxReaders.should.be.a('number');
+      info.numReaders.should.be.a('number');
+
+      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
+      should.equal(info.maxReaders, 422);
+    });
+    it('will check for open transactions before resizing the mapSize', function() {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+          name: 'mydb1',
+          create: true
+      });
+      var info = env.info();
+      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
+      // Open write transaction
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      try {
+        env.resize(info.mapSize * 2);
+      } catch (err) {
+        err.should.be.an.instanceof(Error);
+      }
+      txn.abort();
+      info = env.info();
+      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it('will resize the mapSize', function() {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+          name: 'mydb1',
+          create: true
+      });
+      var info = env.info();
+      should.equal(info.mapSize, MAX_DB_SIZE);
+      env.resize(info.mapSize * 2);
+      info = env.info();
+      should.equal(info.mapSize, 2 * MAX_DB_SIZE);
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it('will get statistics about an environment', function() {
+      var stat = env.stat();
+      stat.pageSize.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.treeDepth.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.treeBranchPageCount.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.treeLeafPageCount.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.entryCount.should.be.a('number');
+    });
+    it('will get statistics about a database', function() {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb2',
+        create: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var stat = dbi.stat(txn);
+      stat.pageSize.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.treeDepth.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.treeBranchPageCount.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.treeLeafPageCount.should.be.a('number');
+      stat.entryCount.should.be.a('number');
+      txn.abort();
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it('will create a database with a user-supplied transaction', function () {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'dbUsingUserSuppliedTxn',
+        create: true,
+        txn: txn
+      });
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'world');
+      txn.commit();
+
+      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
+      var str = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'hello');
+      should.equal(str, 'world');
+
+      txn.abort();
+      dbi.close();
+    });
+    it('will create a database and back it up', function (done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'backup',
+        create: true,
+        txn: txn
+      });
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'hello', 'world');
+      txn.commit();
+      env.copy(testBackupDirPath, true, (error) => {
+        done(error)
+      });
+//      console.log('sent copy')
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Data types', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var txn;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb3',
+        create: true,
+        useVersions: true,
+        compression: new lmdb.Compression({
+          threshold: 100,
+          dictionary: fs.readFileSync(require.resolve('../dict/dict.txt')),
+        })
+      });
+      txn = env.beginTxn();
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      txn.commit();
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('string', function() {
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', 'Hello world!');
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('string with non-latin characters', function() {
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和', '中华人民共和');
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和');
+      data.should.equal('中华人民共和');
+      txn.del(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'k:中华人民共和');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('string with version', function() {
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', 'Hello world!', 334);
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
+      var lastVersion = lmdb.getLastVersion();
+      lastVersion.should.equal(334);
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('string with compression', function() {
+      let value = '{"id":34,"enabled":true,"title":"this is a test that should be using common words of our language and seeing if it is well compressed","children":[{"data":"some more"}]}'
+      for (let i = 0; i < 0; i++)
+        value += value;
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', value);
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      data.should.equal(value);
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('string with compression with version', function() {
+      let value = 'Hello world!'
+      for (let i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+        value += value;
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', value, 5555);
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      data.should.equal(value);
+      var lastVersion = lmdb.getLastVersion();
+      lastVersion.should.equal(5555);
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, 'key1');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it.skip('string (zero copy)', function() {
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 'key1', 'Hello world!');
+      var data = txn.getUtf8Unsafe(dbi, 'key1');
+      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key1');
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8Unsafe(dbi, 'key1');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('binary', function() {
+      var buffer = new Buffer('48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421', 'hex');
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, ['key2', 2], buffer);
+      var data = txn.getBinary(dbi, ['key2', 2]);
+      data.should.deep.equal(buffer);
+      txn.del(dbi, ['key2', 2]);
+      var data2 = txn.getBinary(dbi, ['key2', 2]);
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('binary (zero copy)', function() {
+      var buffer = new Buffer('48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421', 'hex');
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, 'key2', buffer);
+      var buffer2 = new Buffer('58636c6c6f2c20779f324c5414', 'hex');
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, 'key3', buffer2);
+      var length = txn.getBinaryUnsafe(dbi, 'key2');
+      var data = dbi.unsafeBuffer.slice(0, length);
+      data.toString()
+      //data.slice(0, buffer.length).should.deep.equal(buffer);
+      //env.detachBuffer(data.buffer);
+      var length = txn.getBinaryUnsafe(dbi, 'key3');
+      var data2 = dbi.unsafeBuffer.slice(0, length);
+      var byte = data[0]; // make sure we can access it
+      data.slice(0, buffer2.length).should.deep.equal(buffer2);
+      //env.detachBuffer(data.buffer);
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key2');
+      var data2 = txn.getBinaryUnsafe(dbi, 'key2');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('binary key', function() {
+      var buffer = new Buffer('48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421', 'hex');
+      var key = new Buffer('key2');
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, key, buffer);
+      var data = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
+      data.should.deep.equal(buffer);
+      txn.del(dbi, key, { keyIsBuffer: true });
+      var data2 = txn.getBinary(dbi, key);
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it.skip('number', function() {
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 'key3', 900719925474099);
+      var data = txn.getNumber(dbi, 'key3');
+      data.should.equal(900719925474099);
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key3');
+      var data2 = txn.getNumber(dbi, 'key3');
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('string and number key', function() {
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, -2.4, 'Hello world!');
+      var data = txn.getUtf8(dbi, -2.4);
+      data.should.equal('Hello world!');
+      txn.del(dbi, -2.4);
+      var data2 = txn.getUtf8(dbi, -2.4);
+      should.equal(data2, undefined);
+    });
+    it('boolean', function() {
+      txn.putBoolean(dbi, 'key4', true);
+      var data = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key4');
+      data.should.equal(true);
+      txn.putBoolean(dbi, 'key5', false);
+      var data2 = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key5');
+      data2.should.equal(false);
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key4');
+      txn.del(dbi, 'key5');
+      var data3 = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key4');
+      var data4 = txn.getBoolean(dbi, 'key5');
+      should.equal(data3, undefined);
+      should.equal(data4, undefined);
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Multiple transactions', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb4',
+        create: true,
+        keyIsUint32: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 1, 'Hello1');
+      txn.putUtf8(dbi, 2, 'Hello2');
+      txn.commit();
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('readonly transaction should not see uncommited changes', function() {
+      var readTxn = env.beginTxn({readOnly: true});
+      var data = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
+      should.equal(data, 'Hello1');
+
+      var writeTxn = env.beginTxn();
+      writeTxn.putUtf8(dbi, 1, 'Ha ha ha');
+
+      var data2 = writeTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
+      data2.should.equal('Ha ha ha');
+
+      var data3 = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
+      should.equal(data3, 'Hello1');
+
+      writeTxn.commit();
+      var data4 = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
+      should.equal(data4, 'Hello1');
+
+      readTxn.reset();
+      readTxn.renew();
+      var data5 = readTxn.getUtf8(dbi, 1);
+      should.equal(data5, 'Ha ha ha');
+      readTxn.abort();
+    });
+    it('readonly transaction will throw if tries to write', function() {
+      var readTxn = env.beginTxn({readOnly: true});
+      (function() {
+        readTxn.putUtf8(dbi, 2, 'hööhh');
+      }).should.throw('Permission denied');
+      readTxn.abort();
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Cursors, basic operation', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var total = 5;
+
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'cursor_verybasic',
+        create: true
+      });
+      const txn = env.beginTxn();
+      let count = 0;
+      while (count < total) {
+        let key = "hello\x1E_" + count.toString(16);
+        let data = key + "_data";
+        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
+        count++;
+      }
+      count = 0;
+      while (count < total) {
+        let key = count - 2
+        let data = key + "_data";
+        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
+        count++;
+      }
+      count = 0;
+      while (count < total) {
+        let key = ["hello_\x1B" + count.toString(16) + '\x1E', count];
+        let data = key + "_data";
+        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
+        count++;
+      }
+      count = 0;
+      while (count < total) {
+        let key = [count, "hello_" + count.toString(16)];
+        let data = key + "_data";
+        txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data);
+        count++;
+      }
+      txn.commit();
+    });
+    it('will move cursor over values, expects to get correct key', function (done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      var count;
+
+      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
+        var expectedKey = "hello\x1E_" + count.toString(16);
+        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
+        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
+      }
+      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
+        var expectedKey = count - 2;
+        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
+        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
+      }
+      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
+        var expectedKey = ["hello_\x1B" + count.toString(16) + '\x1E', count];
+        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
+        should.equal(JSON.stringify(expectedKey), JSON.stringify(key));
+      }
+      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
+        var expectedKey = [count, "hello_" + count.toString(16)];
+        var key = cursor.goToKey(expectedKey);
+        should.equal(JSON.stringify(expectedKey), JSON.stringify(key));
+      }
+
+      should.equal(count, total);
+      count = 0;
+
+      for (var key = cursor.goToFirst(); key != null; key = cursor.goToNext()) {
+        var key2 = cursor.goToKey(key);
+        should.equal(JSON.stringify(key), JSON.stringify(key2));
+        count ++;
+      }
+
+      should.equal(count, total * 4);
+
+      cursor.close();
+      txn.abort();
+
+      done();
+    });
+    it.skip('will move cursor over values, expects to get correct key even if key is binary', function (done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      var count;
+
+      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
+        var expectedKey = "hello_" + count.toString(16);
+        var binaryKey = new Buffer(expectedKey + "\0", "utf16le");
+        var key = cursor.goToKey(binaryKey);
+        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
+        should.equal(binaryKey.toString("utf16le"), key + "\0");
+      }
+
+      should.equal(count, total);
+      count = 0;
+
+      for (var key = cursor.goToFirst(); key; key = cursor.goToNext()) {
+        var key2 = cursor.goToKey(new Buffer(key + "\0", "utf16le"), { keyIsBuffer: true });
+        should.equal(key, key2);
+        count ++;
+      }
+
+      should.equal(count, total);
+
+      cursor.close();
+      txn.abort();
+
+      done();
+    });
+    after(function () {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Cursors', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var total = 1000;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb5',
+        create: true,
+        dupSort: false,
+        keyIsUint32: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var c = 0;
+      while(c < total) {
+        var buffer = new Buffer(new Array(8));
+        buffer.writeDoubleBE(c);
+        txn.putBinary(dbi, c, buffer);
+        c++;
+      }
+      txn.commit();
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('will move cursor over key/values', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToKey(40);
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(40);
+        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(40);
+      });
+
+      var values = [];
+      cursor.goToKey(0);
+      function iterator() {
+        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+          value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(values.length);
+          values.push(value);
+        });
+        cursor.goToNext();
+        if (values.length < total) {
+          // prevent maximum call stack errors
+          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
+            setImmediate(iterator);
+          } else {
+            iterator();
+          }
+        } else {
+          cursor.close();
+          txn.abort();
+          done();
+        }
+      }
+      iterator();
+    });
+    it.skip('will move cursor over key/values (zero copy)', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToKey(40);
+      cursor.getCurrentBinaryUnsafe(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(40);
+        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(40);
+      });
+      var values = [];
+      cursor.goToKey(0);
+      function iterator() {
+        cursor.getCurrentBinaryUnsafe(function(key, value) {
+          value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(values.length);
+          values.push(value);
+        });
+        cursor.goToNext();
+        if (values.length < total) {
+          // prevent maximum call stack errors
+          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
+            setImmediate(iterator);
+          } else {
+            iterator();
+          }
+        } else {
+          cursor.close();
+          txn.abort();
+          done();
+        }
+      }
+      iterator();
+    });
+    it('will first/last key', function() {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToFirst();
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(0);
+        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(0);
+      });
+      cursor.goToLast();
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(total - 1);
+        value.readDoubleBE().should.equal(total - 1);
+      });
+      cursor.close();
+      txn.abort();
+    });
+  });
+  describe.skip('Cursors, dupsort', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var total = 50;
+    var dataCount = {};
+
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'cursor_dupsort',
+        create: true,
+        dupSort: true
+      });
+      const txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var count;
+      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
+        let key = "hello_" + count.toString(16);
+        let data = key + "_data";
+        dataCount[key] = (count % 4) + 1;
+        for (var j = 0; j < dataCount[key]; j++) {
+          txn.putUtf8(dbi, key, data + String(j));
+        }
+      }
+      txn.commit();
+    });
+    it('will move cursor over values, expects to get correct key and data', function (done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      var count;
+
+      for (count = 0; count < total; count ++) {
+        var expectedKey = "hello_" + count.toString(16);
+        var expectedDataX = expectedKey + "_data";
+        var key = cursor.goToRange(expectedKey);
+        should.equal(expectedKey, key);
+
+        var data = cursor.getCurrentUtf8();
+        should.equal(expectedDataX + "0", data);
+
+        var dc;
+
+        // Iterate over dup keys
+        dc = 0;
+        for (var k = cursor.goToFirstDup(); k; k = cursor.goToNextDup()) {
+            var data = cursor.getCurrentUtf8();
+
+            should.equal(expectedKey, k);
+            should.equal(expectedDataX + String(dc), data);
+
+            dc ++;
+        }
+        should.equal(dataCount[key], dc);
+
+        // Iterate over dup keys by using goToDup first
+        dc = 0;
+        for (var k = cursor.goToDup(expectedKey, expectedDataX + "0"); k; k = cursor.goToNextDup()) {
+            var data = cursor.getCurrentUtf8();
+
+            should.equal(expectedKey, k);
+            should.equal(expectedDataX + String(dc), data);
+
+            dc ++;
+        }
+        should.equal(dataCount[key], dc);
+      }
+
+      should.equal(count, total);
+      count = 0;
+
+      cursor.close();
+      txn.abort();
+
+      done();
+    });
+    after(function () {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Cursors (with strings)', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var total = 1000;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'cursorstrings',
+        create: true,
+        dupSort: true,
+        //keyIsUint32: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var c = 0;
+      while(c < total) {
+        txn.putUtf8(dbi, c, c.toString());
+        c++;
+      }
+      txn.commit();
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it.skip('will move cursor over key/values (zero copy)', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToKey(40);
+      cursor.getCurrentStringUnsafe(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(40);
+        value.should.equal('40');
+      });
+
+      var values = [];
+      cursor.goToKey(0);
+      function iterator() {
+        cursor.getCurrentStringUnsafe(function(key, value) {
+          value.should.equal(values.length.toString());
+          values.push(value);
+        });
+        cursor.goToNext();
+        if (values.length < total) {
+          // prevent maximum call stack errors
+          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
+            setImmediate(iterator);
+          } else {
+            iterator();
+          }
+        } else {
+          cursor.close();
+          txn.abort();
+          done();
+        }
+      }
+      iterator();
+    });
+    it('will move cursor over key/values', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToKey(40);
+      cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(40);
+        value.should.equal('40');
+      });
+      var values = [];
+      cursor.goToKey(0);
+      function iterator() {
+        cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
+          value.should.equal(values.length.toString());
+          values.push(value);
+        });
+        cursor.goToNext();
+        if (values.length < total) {
+          // prevent maximum call stack errors
+          if (values.length % 1000 === 0) {
+            setImmediate(iterator);
+          } else {
+            iterator();
+          }
+        } else {
+          cursor.close();
+          txn.abort();
+          done();
+        }
+      }
+      iterator();
+    });
+    it('will first/last key', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToFirst();
+      cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(0);
+        value.should.equal('0');
+      });
+      cursor.goToLast();
+      cursor.getCurrentUtf8(function(key, value) {
+        key.should.equal(total - 1);
+        value.should.equal((total - 1).toString());
+      });
+      cursor.close();
+      txn.abort();
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Remove last item', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'removelast',
+        create: true,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('remove last entry', function() {
+      for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        var readTxn = env.beginTxn({readOnly: true});
+        var txn = env.beginTxn();
+        txn.putBinary(dbi, Buffer.from([1]), Buffer.from([1]));
+        txn.putBinary(dbi, Buffer.from([2]), Buffer.from([1]));
+        txn.commit();
+        var txn = env.beginTxn();
+        txn.del(dbi, Buffer.from([1]));
+        txn.del(dbi, Buffer.from([2]));
+        txn.commit();
+        readTxn.commit();
+      }
+    })
+   });
+
+
+  describe('Cursors with binary key and data', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var total = 1000;
+    let padding = '000000000';
+    let keyEnc = 'utf8';
+    let valueEnc = 'utf8';
+
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'cursorbinkeydata',
+        create: true,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+      const txn = env.beginTxn();
+      let count = 0;
+      while (count < total) {
+        let keyStr = (padding + count).slice(-padding.length);
+        let dataStr = expand(keyStr);
+        let key = Buffer.from(keyStr,keyEnc);
+        let data = Buffer.from(dataStr,valueEnc) // just for kicks.
+        txn.putBinary(dbi, key, data);
+        count++;
+      }
+      txn.commit();
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('will move cursor over key/values', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      let expectedKey = (padding + 40).slice(-padding.length);
+      let key = Buffer.from(expectedKey,keyEnc);
+      cursor.goToKey(key);
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
+        let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
+        readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
+        readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
+      });
+
+      let count = 0;
+      key = cursor.goToFirst();
+      // key is a string... bug...
+      //(typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
+      while (key && count < total+1) { //+1 to run off end if fails to return null
+        let expectedKey = (padding + count).slice(-padding.length);
+        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+          (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
+          let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
+          let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
+          readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
+          readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
+          });
+        key = cursor.goToNext();
+        (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
+        count++;
+      }
+      cursor.close();
+      txn.commit();
+      count.should.equal(total);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Cursors reading existing binary key and data', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var total = 1000;
+    let padding = '000000000';
+    let keyEnc = 'utf8';
+    let valueEnc = 'utf8';
+
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'cursorbinkeydata',
+        create: false,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+    });
+
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+
+    it('will move cursor over existing key/values', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      let expectedKey = (padding + 40).slice(-padding.length);
+      let key = Buffer.from(expectedKey,keyEnc);
+      cursor.goToKey(key);
+      let rvalue = cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
+        let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
+        let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
+        readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
+        readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
+      });
+      rvalue.toString(valueEnc).should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
+
+      let count = 0;
+      key = cursor.goToFirst();
+      (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
+      while (key && count < total+1) { //+1 to run off end if fails to return null
+        let expectedKey = (padding + count).slice(-padding.length);
+        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+          let readKey = key.toString(keyEnc);
+          let readValue = value.toString(valueEnc);
+          readKey.should.equal(expectedKey);
+          readValue.should.equal(expand(expectedKey));
+          });
+        key = cursor.goToNext();
+        (typeof key).should.not.equal('string');
+        count++;
+      }
+      cursor.close();
+      txn.commit();
+      count.should.equal(total);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Cluster', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    it('will run a cluster of processes with read-only transactions', function(done) {
+      var child = spawn('node', [path.resolve(__dirname, './cluster')]);
+      child.stdout.on('data', function(data) {
+        console.log(data.toString());
+      });
+      child.stderr.on('data', function(data) {
+        console.error(data.toString());
+      });
+      child.on('close', function(code) {
+        code.should.equal(0);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Threads', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    it('will run a group of threads with read-only transactions', function(done) {
+      var child = spawn('node', [path.resolve(__dirname, './threads')]);
+      child.stdout.on('data', function(data) {
+        console.log(data.toString());
+      });
+      child.stderr.on('data', function(data) {
+        console.error(data.toString());
+      });
+      child.on('close', function(code) {
+        code.should.equal(0);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  describe.skip('Dupsort', function () {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize:  MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+    });
+    after(function () {
+      env.close();
+    });
+    beforeEach(function () {
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'testdb_dupsort',
+        create: true,
+        dupSort: true,
+        dupFixed: false,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+    });
+    afterEach(function () {
+      dbi.drop();
+    });
+    it('will insert values with different lengths', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var value1 = new Buffer(new Array(8));
+      var value2 = new Buffer(new Array(4));
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value1);
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value2);
+      txn.commit();
+
+      var txn2 = env.beginTxn({readonly: true});
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn2, dbi);
+      var found = cursor.goToKey(new Buffer('id'));
+      should.exist(found);
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        key.toString().should.equal('id');
+        value.length.should.equal(4);
+
+        cursor.goToNext();
+        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+          key.toString().should.equal('id');
+          value.length.should.equal(8);
+          cursor.close();
+          txn2.abort();
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    it('will delete dupsort data correctly', function (done) {
+      var txn;
+      var cursor;
+      var key;
+
+      // Add test data to database
+      txn = env.beginTxn();
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 1);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 2);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 3);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 100, 4);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 1);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 2);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 3);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 101, 4);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 1);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 2);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 3);
+      txn.putNumber(dbi, 102, 4);
+      txn.commit();
+
+      // Now delete some data
+      txn = env.beginTxn();
+      txn.del(dbi, 101, 2);
+      txn.del(dbi, 101, 4);
+      txn.del(dbi, 102, 1);
+      txn.del(dbi, 102, 3);
+      txn.commit();
+
+      // Verify data
+      txn = env.beginTxn({ readOnly: true });
+      cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToFirst().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
+      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
+      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
+      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(100);
+      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(101);
+      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(101);
+      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(102);
+      cursor.goToNext().readUInt32LE().should.equal(102);
+      should.equal(cursor.goToNext(), undefined);
+
+      txn.abort();
+
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Dupfixed', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb7',
+        create: true,
+        dupSort: true,
+        dupFixed: true,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('will insert values with the same length (inserted with different lengths)', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var value1 = new Buffer(new Array(4));
+      value1.writeUInt32BE(100);
+      var value2 = new Buffer(new Array(8));
+      value2.writeUInt32BE(200);
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value1);
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, new Buffer('id'), value2);
+      txn.commit();
+
+      var txn2 = env.beginTxn({readonly: true});
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn2, dbi);
+      var found = cursor.goToKey(new Buffer('id'));
+      should.exist(found);
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        key.toString().should.equal('id');
+        value.length.should.equal(8);
+
+        cursor.goToNext();
+        cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+          key.toString().should.equal('id');
+          value.length.should.equal(8);
+          cursor.close();
+          txn2.abort();
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Memory Freeing / Garbage Collection', function() {
+    it('should not cause a segment fault', function(done) {
+      var expectedKey = new Buffer('822285ee315d2b04');
+      var expectedValue = new Buffer('ec65d632d9168c33350ed31a30848d01e95172931e90984c218ef6b08c1fa90a', 'hex');
+      var env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 12,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'testfree',
+        create: true,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, expectedKey, expectedValue);
+      txn.commit();
+      var txn2 = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn2, dbi);
+      var key;
+      var value;
+      cursor.goToFirst();
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(returnKey, returnValue) {
+        key = returnKey;
+        value = returnValue;
+      });
+      cursor.close();
+      txn2.abort();
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+      key.should.deep.equal(expectedKey);
+      value.compare(expectedValue).should.equal(0);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Type Conversion', function() {
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    var expectedKey = new Buffer('822285ee315d2b04', 'hex');
+    var expectedValue = new Buffer('ec65d632d9168c33350ed31a30848d01e95172931e90984c218ef6b08c1fa90a', 'hex');
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 12,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'testkeys',
+        create: true,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      txn.putBinary(dbi, expectedKey, expectedValue);
+      txn.commit();
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('will be able to convert key to buffer', function(done) {
+      var txn = env.beginTxn();
+      var cursor = new lmdb.Cursor(txn, dbi);
+      cursor.goToFirst();
+      cursor.getCurrentBinary(function(key, value) {
+        var keyBuffer = new Buffer(key);
+        cursor.close();
+        txn.abort();
+        keyBuffer.compare(expectedKey).should.equal(0);
+        value.compare(expectedValue).should.equal(0);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  describe('Sync', function() {
+    var env;
+    var dbi;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 12,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+      dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'testsync',
+        create: true,
+        keyIsBuffer: true
+      });
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      dbi.close();
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it('should not block promise callbacks', function(done) {
+      var timeoutResult
+      new Promise(resolve => {
+        env.sync(() => {
+          resolve();
+        })
+      }).then(() => {
+        // this should execute immediately after it is synced, before the timeout, so timeoutResult should be undefined
+        done(timeoutResult)
+      });
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        timeoutResult = 'Timeout occurred'
+      }, 100);
+    });
+  });
+  describe('batch', function() {
+    this.timeout(10000);
+    var env;
+    before(function() {
+      env = new lmdb.Env();
+      env.open({
+        path: testDirPath,
+        maxDbs: 10,
+        maxReaders: 422,
+        mapSize: MAX_DB_SIZE
+      });
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      env.close();
+    });
+    it.skip('will batchWrite binary data and read it', function(done) {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb8',
+        create: true
+      });
+      var data = [
+        [ dbi, Buffer.from([47]), Buffer.from([1, 2]), Buffer.from([5, 2]) ],
+        [ dbi, Buffer.from([4]), Buffer.from([1, 2]) ],
+        [ dbi, Buffer.from([5]), Buffer.from([3, 4]) ],
+        [ dbi, Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([5, 6]) ],
+        [ dbi, Buffer.from([7]) ],
+        [ dbi, Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([7, 8]), Buffer.from([1, 1]) ],
+        [ dbi, Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([7, 8]), Buffer.from([5]) ],
+        {
+          db: dbi,
+          key: Buffer.from([5]),
+          value: Buffer.from([8, 9]),
+          ifValue: Buffer.from([7]),
+          ifKey: Buffer.from([6]),
+          ifExactMatch: false,
+        }
+
+      ];
+      env.batchWrite(data, { keyIsBuffer: true, progress(results) {
+        //console.log('progress', results)
+      } }, function(error, results) {
+        if (error) {
+          should.fail(error);
+          return done();
+        }
+        results.should.deep.equal([ 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]);
+
+        var txn = env.beginTxn();
+        var expectedData = [
+          [ Buffer.from([4]), Buffer.from([1, 2]) ],
+          [ Buffer.from([5]), Buffer.from([8, 9]) ],
+          [ Buffer.from([7]) ],
+          [ Buffer.from([6]), Buffer.from([7, 8]) ],
+        ];
+        for (var i = 0; i < expectedData.length; i++) {
+          var key = expectedData[i][0];
+          var value = expectedData[i][1];
+          if (value) {
+            should.equal(value.equals(txn.getBinary(dbi, key)), true);
+          }
+          else
+            should.equal(txn.getBinary(dbi, key), undefined);
+        }
+        txn.commit();
+        dbi.close();
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+    it('will batchWrite strings and read it', function(done) {
+      var dbi = env.openDbi({
+        name: 'mydb8',
+        create: true,
+        useVersions: true,
+      });
+      var data = [
+        dbi,
+        [ 'key 1', 'this is a test 1', 546 ],
+        [ 'key 2', 'this is a test 2', 444 ],
+        [ 'key 3', 'this is a test 3', 643 ]
+      ];
+      var results = Buffer.alloc(3)
+      env.batchWrite(data, results, function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          should.fail(error);
+          return done();
+        }
+
+        var txn = env.beginTxn();
+        for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+          if (!data[i].length)
+            continue
+          var key = data[i][0];
+          var value = data[i][1];
+          var version = data[i][2];
+          if (value)
+            value.should.equal(txn.getUtf8(dbi, key));
+          else
+            should.equal(txn.getUtf8(dbi, key), undefined);
+          if (version)
+            version.should.equal(lmdb.getLastVersion())
+        }
+        txn.commit();
+        dbi.close();
+        done();
+      });
+      console.log('submitted batch')
+    });
+  });
+});