happy-stacks 0.1.2 → 0.3.0

package/scripts/stack.mjs

@@ -1,34 +1,66 @@
-import './utils/env.mjs';
+import './utils/env/env.mjs';
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
 import { chmod, copyFile, mkdir, readFile, readdir, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { dirname, isAbsolute, join, resolve } from 'node:path';
-import net from 'node:net';
 import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
-import { randomBytes } from 'node:crypto';
+// NOTE: random bytes usage centralized in scripts/utils/crypto/tokens.mjs
 import { homedir } from 'node:os';
-
-import { parseArgs } from './utils/args.mjs';
-import { run, runCapture } from './utils/proc.mjs';
-import { getComponentDir, getComponentsDir, getLegacyStorageRoot, getRootDir, getStacksStorageRoot, resolveStackEnvPath } from './utils/paths.mjs';
-import { createWorktree, resolveComponentSpecToDir } from './utils/worktrees.mjs';
-import { isTty, prompt, promptWorktreeSource, withRl } from './utils/wizard.mjs';
-import { parseDotenv } from './utils/dotenv.mjs';
-import { printResult, wantsHelp, wantsJson } from './utils/cli.mjs';
-import { ensureEnvFileUpdated } from './utils/env_file.mjs';
-import { stopStackWithEnv } from './utils/stack_stop.mjs';
+import { ensureDir, readTextIfExists, readTextOrEmpty } from './utils/fs/ops.mjs';
+
+import { parseArgs } from './utils/cli/args.mjs';
+import { killProcessTree, run, runCapture } from './utils/proc/proc.mjs';
+import { getComponentDir, getComponentsDir, getHappyStacksHomeDir, getLegacyStorageRoot, getRootDir, getStacksStorageRoot, resolveStackEnvPath } from './utils/paths/paths.mjs';
+import { isTcpPortFree, pickNextFreeTcpPort } from './utils/net/ports.mjs';
+import {
+  createWorktree,
+  createWorktreeFromBaseWorktree,
+  inferRemoteNameForOwner,
+  isComponentWorktreePath,
+  resolveComponentSpecToDir,
+  worktreeSpecFromDir,
+} from './utils/git/worktrees.mjs';
+import { isTty, prompt, promptWorktreeSource, withRl } from './utils/cli/wizard.mjs';
+import { parseEnvToObject } from './utils/env/dotenv.mjs';
+import { printResult, wantsHelp, wantsJson } from './utils/cli/cli.mjs';
+import { ensureEnvFilePruned, ensureEnvFileUpdated } from './utils/env/env_file.mjs';
+import { listAllStackNames, stackExistsSync } from './utils/stack/stacks.mjs';
+import { stopStackWithEnv } from './utils/stack/stop.mjs';
+import { writeDevAuthKey } from './utils/auth/dev_key.mjs';
+import { startDevServer } from './utils/dev/server.mjs';
+import { startDevExpoWebUi } from './utils/dev/expo_web.mjs';
+import { requireDir } from './utils/proc/pm.mjs';
+import { waitForHttpOk } from './utils/server/server.mjs';
+import { resolveLocalhostHost } from './utils/paths/localhost_host.mjs';
+import { openUrlInBrowser } from './utils/ui/browser.mjs';
+import { copyFileIfMissing, linkFileIfMissing, writeSecretFileIfMissing } from './utils/auth/files.mjs';
+import { getLegacyHappyBaseDir, isLegacyAuthSourceName } from './utils/auth/sources.mjs';
+import { resolveAuthSeedFromEnv } from './utils/stack/startup.mjs';
+import { getHomeEnvLocalPath } from './utils/env/config.mjs';
+import { isSandboxed, sandboxAllowsGlobalSideEffects } from './utils/env/sandbox.mjs';
+import { resolveHandyMasterSecretFromStack } from './utils/auth/handy_master_secret.mjs';
+import { readPinnedServerPortFromEnvFile } from './utils/server/port.mjs';
+import { getEnvValue, getEnvValueAny } from './utils/env/values.mjs';
+import { sanitizeDnsLabel } from './utils/net/dns.mjs';
+import { coercePort, listPortsFromEnvObject, STACK_RESERVED_PORT_KEYS } from './utils/server/port.mjs';
+import {
+  deleteStackRuntimeStateFile,
+  getStackRuntimeStatePath,
+  isPidAlive,
+  recordStackRuntimeStart,
+  readStackRuntimeStateFile,
+} from './utils/stack/runtime_state.mjs';
+import { killPid } from './utils/expo/expo.mjs';
+import { getCliHomeDirFromEnvOrDefault, getServerLightDataDirFromEnvOrDefault } from './utils/stack/dirs.mjs';
+import { randomToken } from './utils/crypto/tokens.mjs';
+import { killPidOwnedByStack } from './utils/proc/ownership.mjs';
+import { sanitizeSlugPart } from './utils/git/refs.mjs';
+import { isCursorInstalled, openWorkspaceInEditor, writeStackCodeWorkspace } from './utils/stack/editor_workspace.mjs';
 
 function stackNameFromArg(positionals, idx) {
   const name = positionals[idx]?.trim() ? positionals[idx].trim() : '';
   return name;
 }
 
-function getStackDir(stackName) {
-  return resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).baseDir;
-}
-
-function getStackEnvPath(stackName) {
-  return resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).envPath;
-}
-
 function getDefaultPortStart() {
   const raw = process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_STACK_PORT_START?.trim()
     ? process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_STACK_PORT_START.trim()
@@ -40,57 +72,27 @@ function getDefaultPortStart() {
 }
 
 async function isPortFree(port) {
-  return await new Promise((resolvePromise) => {
-    const srv = net.createServer();
-    srv.unref();
-    srv.on('error', () => resolvePromise(false));
-    srv.listen({ port, host: '127.0.0.1' }, () => {
-      srv.close(() => resolvePromise(true));
-    });
-  });
+  return await isTcpPortFree(port, { host: '127.0.0.1' });
 }
 
 async function pickNextFreePort(startPort, { reservedPorts = new Set() } = {}) {
-  let port = startPort;
-  for (let i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
-    if (!reservedPorts.has(port) && (await isPortFree(port))) {
-      return port;
-    }
-    port += 1;
+  try {
+    return await pickNextFreeTcpPort(startPort, { reservedPorts, host: '127.0.0.1' });
+  } catch (e) {
+    const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+    throw new Error(msg.replace(/^\[local\]/, '[stack]'));
   }
-  throw new Error(`[stack] unable to find a free port starting at ${startPort}`);
 }
 
 async function readPortFromEnvFile(envPath) {
-  const raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
-  if (!raw.trim()) return null;
-  const parsed = parseEnvToObject(raw);
-  const portRaw = (parsed.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT ?? parsed.HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT ?? '').toString().trim();
-  const n = portRaw ? Number(portRaw) : NaN;
-  return Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? n : null;
+  return await readPinnedServerPortFromEnvFile(envPath);
 }
 
 async function readPortsFromEnvFile(envPath) {
   const raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
   if (!raw.trim()) return [];
   const parsed = parseEnvToObject(raw);
-  const keys = [
-    'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT',
-    'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT',
-    'HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT',
-    'HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT',
-    'HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT',
-    'HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT',
-    'HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT',
-  ];
-  const ports = [];
-  for (const k of keys) {
-    const rawV = (parsed[k] ?? '').toString().trim();
-    const n = rawV ? Number(rawV) : NaN;
-    if (Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0) ports.push(n);
-  }
-  return ports;
+  return listPortsFromEnvObject(parsed, STACK_RESERVED_PORT_KEYS);
 }
 
 async function collectReservedStackPorts({ excludeStackName = null } = {}) {
@@ -125,111 +127,22 @@ async function collectReservedStackPorts({ excludeStackName = null } = {}) {
   return reserved;
 }
 
-function base64Url(buf) {
-  return Buffer.from(buf)
-    .toString('base64')
-    .replaceAll('+', '-')
-    .replaceAll('/', '_')
-    .replaceAll('=', '');
-}
-
-function randomToken(lenBytes = 24) {
-  return base64Url(randomBytes(lenBytes));
-}
-
-function sanitizeDnsLabel(raw, { fallback = 'happy' } = {}) {
-  const s = String(raw ?? '')
-    .toLowerCase()
-    .replace(/[^a-z0-9-]+/g, '-')
-    .replace(/-+/g, '-')
-    .replace(/^-+/, '')
-    .replace(/-+$/, '');
-  return s || fallback;
-}
-
-async function ensureDir(p) {
-  await mkdir(p, { recursive: true });
-}
-
-async function readTextIfExists(path) {
-  try {
-    if (!existsSync(path)) return null;
-    const raw = await readFile(path, 'utf-8');
-    const t = raw.trim();
-    return t ? t : null;
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-
-async function writeSecretFileIfMissing({ path, secret }) {
-  if (existsSync(path)) return false;
-  await ensureDir(dirname(path));
-  await writeFile(path, secret, { encoding: 'utf-8', mode: 0o600 });
-  return true;
-}
-
-async function copyFileIfMissing({ from, to, mode }) {
-  if (existsSync(to)) return false;
-  if (!existsSync(from)) return false;
-  await ensureDir(dirname(to));
-  await copyFile(from, to);
-  if (mode) {
-    await chmod(to, mode).catch(() => {});
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-function getCliHomeDirFromEnvOrDefault({ stackBaseDir, env }) {
-  const fromEnv = (env.HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR ?? env.HAPPY_LOCAL_CLI_HOME_DIR ?? '').trim();
-  return fromEnv || join(stackBaseDir, 'cli');
-}
-
-function getServerLightDataDirFromEnvOrDefault({ stackBaseDir, env }) {
-  const fromEnv = (env.HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_DATA_DIR ?? '').trim();
-  return fromEnv || join(stackBaseDir, 'server-light');
-}
-
-async function resolveHandyMasterSecretFromStack({ stackName, requireStackExists }) {
-  if (requireStackExists && !stackExistsSync(stackName)) {
-    throw new Error(`[stack] cannot copy auth: source stack "${stackName}" does not exist`);
-  }
-
-  const sourceBaseDir = getStackDir(stackName);
-  const sourceEnvPath = getStackEnvPath(stackName);
-  const raw = await readExistingEnv(sourceEnvPath);
-  const env = parseEnvToObject(raw);
-
-  const inline = (env.HANDY_MASTER_SECRET ?? '').trim();
-  if (inline) {
-    return { secret: inline, source: `${sourceEnvPath} (HANDY_MASTER_SECRET)` };
-  }
-
-  const secretFile = (env.HAPPY_STACKS_HANDY_MASTER_SECRET_FILE ?? '').trim();
-  if (secretFile) {
-    const secret = await readTextIfExists(secretFile);
-    if (secret) return { secret, source: secretFile };
-  }
-
-  const dataDir = getServerLightDataDirFromEnvOrDefault({ stackBaseDir: sourceBaseDir, env });
-  const secretPath = join(dataDir, 'handy-master-secret.txt');
-  const secret = await readTextIfExists(secretPath);
-  if (secret) return { secret, source: secretPath };
-
-  // Last-resort legacy: if main has never been migrated to stack dirs.
-  if (stackName === 'main') {
-    const legacy = join(homedir(), '.happy', 'server-light', 'handy-master-secret.txt');
-    const legacySecret = await readTextIfExists(legacy);
-    if (legacySecret) return { secret: legacySecret, source: legacy };
-  }
-
-  return { secret: null, source: null };
-}
-
-async function copyAuthFromStackIntoNewStack({ fromStackName, stackName, stackEnv, serverComponent, json, requireSourceStackExists }) {
+// auth file copy/link helpers live in scripts/utils/auth/files.mjs
+
+async function copyAuthFromStackIntoNewStack({
+  fromStackName,
+  stackName,
+  stackEnv,
+  serverComponent,
+  json,
+  requireSourceStackExists,
+  linkMode = false,
+}) {
   const { secret, source } = await resolveHandyMasterSecretFromStack({
     stackName: fromStackName,
     requireStackExists: requireSourceStackExists,
+    allowLegacyAuthSource: !isSandboxed() || sandboxAllowsGlobalSideEffects(),
+    allowLegacyMainFallback: !isSandboxed() || sandboxAllowsGlobalSideEffects(),
   });
 
   const copied = { secret: false, accessKey: false, settings: false, sourceStack: fromStackName };
@@ -238,31 +151,52 @@ async function copyAuthFromStackIntoNewStack({ fromStackName, stackName, stackEn
     if (serverComponent === 'happy-server-light') {
       const dataDir = stackEnv.HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_DATA_DIR;
       const target = join(dataDir, 'handy-master-secret.txt');
-      copied.secret = await writeSecretFileIfMissing({ path: target, secret });
+      const sourcePath = source && !String(source).includes('(HANDY_MASTER_SECRET)') ? String(source) : '';
+      copied.secret =
+        linkMode && sourcePath && existsSync(sourcePath)
+          ? await linkFileIfMissing({ from: sourcePath, to: target })
+          : await writeSecretFileIfMissing({ path: target, secret });
     } else if (serverComponent === 'happy-server') {
       const target = stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HANDY_MASTER_SECRET_FILE;
       if (target) {
-        copied.secret = await writeSecretFileIfMissing({ path: target, secret });
+        const sourcePath = source && !String(source).includes('(HANDY_MASTER_SECRET)') ? String(source) : '';
+        copied.secret =
+          linkMode && sourcePath && existsSync(sourcePath)
+            ? await linkFileIfMissing({ from: sourcePath, to: target })
+            : await writeSecretFileIfMissing({ path: target, secret });
       }
     }
   }
 
-  const sourceBaseDir = getStackDir(fromStackName);
-  const sourceEnvRaw = await readExistingEnv(getStackEnvPath(fromStackName));
+  const legacy = isLegacyAuthSourceName(fromStackName);
+  if (legacy && isSandboxed() && !sandboxAllowsGlobalSideEffects()) {
+    throw new Error(
+      '[stack] auth copy-from: legacy auth source is disabled in sandbox mode.\n' +
+        'Reason: it reads from ~/.happy (global user state).\n' +
+        'If you really want this, set: HAPPY_STACKS_SANDBOX_ALLOW_GLOBAL=1'
+    );
+  }
+  const sourceBaseDir = legacy ? getLegacyHappyBaseDir() : resolveStackEnvPath(fromStackName).baseDir;
+  const sourceEnvRaw = legacy ? '' : await readExistingEnv(resolveStackEnvPath(fromStackName).envPath);
   const sourceEnv = parseEnvToObject(sourceEnvRaw);
-  const sourceCli = getCliHomeDirFromEnvOrDefault({ stackBaseDir: sourceBaseDir, env: sourceEnv });
+  const sourceCli = legacy ? join(sourceBaseDir, 'cli') : getCliHomeDirFromEnvOrDefault({ stackBaseDir: sourceBaseDir, env: sourceEnv });
   const targetCli = stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR;
 
-  copied.accessKey = await copyFileIfMissing({
-    from: join(sourceCli, 'access.key'),
-    to: join(targetCli, 'access.key'),
-    mode: 0o600,
-  });
-  copied.settings = await copyFileIfMissing({
-    from: join(sourceCli, 'settings.json'),
-    to: join(targetCli, 'settings.json'),
-    mode: 0o600,
-  });
+  if (linkMode) {
+    copied.accessKey = await linkFileIfMissing({ from: join(sourceCli, 'access.key'), to: join(targetCli, 'access.key') });
+    copied.settings = await linkFileIfMissing({ from: join(sourceCli, 'settings.json'), to: join(targetCli, 'settings.json') });
+  } else {
+    copied.accessKey = await copyFileIfMissing({
+      from: join(sourceCli, 'access.key'),
+      to: join(targetCli, 'access.key'),
+      mode: 0o600,
+    });
+    copied.settings = await copyFileIfMissing({
+      from: join(sourceCli, 'settings.json'),
+      to: join(targetCli, 'settings.json'),
+      mode: 0o600,
+    });
+  }
 
   if (!json) {
     const any = copied.secret || copied.accessKey || copied.settings;
@@ -289,25 +223,7 @@ function stringifyEnv(env) {
   return lines.join('\n') + '\n';
 }
 
-async function readExistingEnv(path) {
-  try {
-    const raw = await readFile(path, 'utf-8');
-    return raw;
-  } catch {
-    return '';
-  }
-}
-
-function parseEnvToObject(raw) {
-  const parsed = parseDotenv(raw);
-  return Object.fromEntries(parsed.entries());
-}
-
-function stackExistsSync(stackName) {
-  if (stackName === 'main') return true;
-  const envPath = getStackEnvPath(stackName);
-  return existsSync(envPath);
-}
+const readExistingEnv = readTextOrEmpty;
 
 function resolveDefaultComponentDirs({ rootDir }) {
   const componentNames = ['happy', 'happy-cli', 'happy-server-light', 'happy-server'];
@@ -322,9 +238,9 @@ function resolveDefaultComponentDirs({ rootDir }) {
 }
 
 async function writeStackEnv({ stackName, env }) {
-  const stackDir = getStackDir(stackName);
+  const stackDir = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).baseDir;
   await ensureDir(stackDir);
-  const envPath = getStackEnvPath(stackName);
+  const envPath = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).envPath;
   const next = stringifyEnv(env);
   const existing = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
   if (existing !== next) {
@@ -334,7 +250,7 @@ async function writeStackEnv({ stackName, env }) {
 }
 
 async function withStackEnv({ stackName, fn, extraEnv = {} }) {
-  const envPath = getStackEnvPath(stackName);
+  const envPath = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).envPath;
   if (!stackExistsSync(stackName)) {
     throw new Error(
       `[stack] stack "${stackName}" does not exist yet.\n` +
@@ -355,17 +271,77 @@ async function withStackEnv({ stackName, fn, extraEnv = {} }) {
       delete cleaned[k];
     }
   }
-  return await fn({
-    env: {
-      ...cleaned,
-      HAPPY_STACKS_STACK: stackName,
-      HAPPY_STACKS_ENV_FILE: envPath,
-      HAPPY_LOCAL_STACK: stackName,
-      HAPPY_LOCAL_ENV_FILE: envPath,
-      ...extraEnv,
-    },
-    envPath,
-  });
+  const raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
+  const stackEnv = parseEnvToObject(raw);
+
+  // Mirror HAPPY_STACKS_* and HAPPY_LOCAL_* prefixes so callers can use either.
+  // (Matches scripts/utils/env.mjs behavior.)
+  const applyPrefixMapping = (obj) => {
+    const keys = new Set(Object.keys(obj));
+    const suffixes = new Set();
+    for (const k of keys) {
+      if (k.startsWith('HAPPY_STACKS_')) suffixes.add(k.slice('HAPPY_STACKS_'.length));
+      if (k.startsWith('HAPPY_LOCAL_')) suffixes.add(k.slice('HAPPY_LOCAL_'.length));
+    }
+    for (const suffix of suffixes) {
+      const stacksKey = `HAPPY_STACKS_${suffix}`;
+      const localKey = `HAPPY_LOCAL_${suffix}`;
+      const stacksVal = (obj[stacksKey] ?? '').toString().trim();
+      const localVal = (obj[localKey] ?? '').toString().trim();
+      if (stacksVal) {
+        obj[stacksKey] = stacksVal;
+        obj[localKey] = stacksVal;
+      } else if (localVal) {
+        obj[localKey] = localVal;
+        obj[stacksKey] = localVal;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  const runtimeStatePath = getStackRuntimeStatePath(stackName);
+  const runtimeState = await readStackRuntimeStateFile(runtimeStatePath);
+
+  const env = {
+    ...cleaned,
+    HAPPY_STACKS_STACK: stackName,
+    HAPPY_STACKS_ENV_FILE: envPath,
+    HAPPY_LOCAL_STACK: stackName,
+    HAPPY_LOCAL_ENV_FILE: envPath,
+    // Expose runtime state path so scripts can find it if needed.
+    HAPPY_STACKS_RUNTIME_STATE_PATH: runtimeStatePath,
+    HAPPY_LOCAL_RUNTIME_STATE_PATH: runtimeStatePath,
+    // Stack env is authoritative by default.
+    ...stackEnv,
+    // One-shot overrides (e.g. --happy=...) win over stack env file.
+    ...extraEnv,
+  };
+  applyPrefixMapping(env);
+
+  // Runtime-only port overlay (ephemeral stacks): only trust it when the owner pid is still alive.
+  const ownerPid = Number(runtimeState?.ownerPid);
+  if (isPidAlive(ownerPid)) {
+    const ports = runtimeState?.ports && typeof runtimeState.ports === 'object' ? runtimeState.ports : {};
+    const applyPort = (suffix, value) => {
+      const n = Number(value);
+      if (!Number.isFinite(n) || n <= 0) return;
+      env[`HAPPY_STACKS_${suffix}`] = String(n);
+      env[`HAPPY_LOCAL_${suffix}`] = String(n);
+    };
+    applyPort('SERVER_PORT', ports.server);
+    applyPort('HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT', ports.backend);
+    applyPort('PG_PORT', ports.pg);
+    applyPort('REDIS_PORT', ports.redis);
+    applyPort('MINIO_PORT', ports.minio);
+    applyPort('MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT', ports.minioConsole);
+
+    // Mark ephemeral mode for downstream helpers (e.g. infra should not persist ports).
+    if (runtimeState?.ephemeral) {
+      env.HAPPY_STACKS_EPHEMERAL_PORTS = '1';
+      env.HAPPY_LOCAL_EPHEMERAL_PORTS = '1';
+    }
+  }
+
+  return await fn({ env, envPath, stackEnv, runtimeStatePath, runtimeState });
 }
 
 async function interactiveNew({ rootDir, rl, defaults }) {
@@ -389,7 +365,7 @@ async function interactiveNew({ rootDir, rl, defaults }) {
 
   // Port
   if (!out.port) {
-    const want = (await rl.question('Port (empty = auto-pick): ')).trim();
+    const want = (await rl.question('Port (empty = ephemeral): ')).trim();
     out.port = want ? Number(want) : null;
   }
 
@@ -439,8 +415,9 @@ async function interactiveEdit({ rootDir, rl, stackName, existingEnv, defaults }
 
   // Port
   const currentPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT ?? existingEnv.HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT ?? '';
-  const wantPort = await prompt(rl, `Port (empty = keep ${currentPort || 'auto'}): `, { defaultValue: '' });
-  out.port = wantPort ? Number(wantPort) : (currentPort ? Number(currentPort) : null);
+  const wantPort = await prompt(rl, `Port (empty = keep ${currentPort || 'ephemeral'}; type 'ephemeral' to unpin): `, { defaultValue: '' });
+  const wantTrimmed = wantPort.trim().toLowerCase();
+  out.port = wantTrimmed === 'ephemeral' ? null : wantPort ? Number(wantPort) : (currentPort ? Number(currentPort) : null);
 
   // Remote for creating new worktrees
   const currentRemote = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_STACK_REMOTE ?? existingEnv.HAPPY_LOCAL_STACK_REMOTE ?? '';
@@ -471,12 +448,25 @@ async function interactiveEdit({ rootDir, rl, stackName, existingEnv, defaults }
   return out;
 }
 
-async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
+async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv, emit = true }) {
   const { flags, kv } = parseArgs(argv);
   const positionals = argv.filter((a) => !a.startsWith('--'));
   const json = wantsJson(argv, { flags });
   const copyAuth = !(flags.has('--no-copy-auth') || flags.has('--fresh-auth'));
-  const copyAuthFrom = (kv.get('--copy-auth-from') ?? '').trim() || 'main';
+  const copyAuthFrom =
+    (kv.get('--copy-auth-from') ?? '').trim() ||
+    (process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_SEED_FROM ?? process.env.HAPPY_LOCAL_AUTH_SEED_FROM ?? '').trim() ||
+    'main';
+  const linkAuth =
+    flags.has('--link-auth') ||
+    flags.has('--link') ||
+    flags.has('--symlink-auth') ||
+    (kv.get('--link-auth') ?? '').trim() === '1' ||
+    (kv.get('--auth-mode') ?? '').trim() === 'link' ||
+    (kv.get('--copy-auth-mode') ?? '').trim() === 'link' ||
+    (process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_LINK ?? process.env.HAPPY_LOCAL_AUTH_LINK ?? '').toString().trim() === '1' ||
+    (process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_MODE ?? process.env.HAPPY_LOCAL_AUTH_MODE ?? '').toString().trim() === 'link';
+  const forcePort = flags.has('--force-port');
 
   // argv here is already "args after 'new'", so the first positional is the stack name.
   let stackName = stackNameFromArg(positionals, 0);
@@ -505,7 +495,7 @@ async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
     throw new Error(
       '[stack] usage: happys stack new <name> [--port=NNN] [--server=happy-server|happy-server-light] ' +
         '[--happy=default|<owner/...>|<path>] [--happy-cli=...] [--happy-server=...] [--happy-server-light=...] ' +
-        '[--copy-auth-from=main] [--no-copy-auth] [--interactive]'
+        '[--copy-auth-from=<stack|legacy>] [--link-auth] [--no-copy-auth] [--interactive] [--force-port]'
     );
   }
   if (stackName === 'main') {
@@ -517,14 +507,37 @@ async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
     throw new Error(`[stack] invalid server component: ${serverComponent}`);
   }
 
-  const baseDir = getStackDir(stackName);
+  const baseDir = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).baseDir;
   const uiBuildDir = join(baseDir, 'ui');
   const cliHomeDir = join(baseDir, 'cli');
 
+  // Port strategy:
+  // - If --port is provided, we treat it as a pinned port and persist it in the stack env.
+  // - Otherwise, ports are ephemeral and chosen at stack start time (stored only in stack.runtime.json).
   let port = config.port;
-  if (!port || !Number.isFinite(port)) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(port) || port <= 0) {
+    port = null;
+  }
+  if (port != null) {
+    // If user picked a port explicitly, fail-closed on collisions by default.
     const reservedPorts = await collectReservedStackPorts();
-    port = await pickNextFreePort(getDefaultPortStart(), { reservedPorts });
+    if (!forcePort && reservedPorts.has(port)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `[stack] port ${port} is already reserved by another stack env.\n` +
+          `Fix:\n` +
+          `- omit --port to use an ephemeral port at start time (recommended)\n` +
+          `- or pick a different --port\n` +
+          `- or re-run with --force-port (not recommended)\n`
+      );
+    }
+    if (!(await isTcpPortFree(port))) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `[stack] port ${port} is not free on 127.0.0.1.\n` +
+          `Fix:\n` +
+          `- omit --port to use an ephemeral port at start time (recommended)\n` +
+          `- or stop the process currently using ${port}\n`
+      );
+    }
   }
 
   // Always pin component dirs explicitly (so stack env is stable even if repo env changes).
@@ -533,13 +546,15 @@ async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
   // Prepare component dirs (may create worktrees).
   const stackEnv = {
     HAPPY_STACKS_STACK: stackName,
-    HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT: String(port),
     HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT: serverComponent,
     HAPPY_STACKS_UI_BUILD_DIR: uiBuildDir,
     HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR: cliHomeDir,
     HAPPY_STACKS_STACK_REMOTE: config.createRemote?.trim() ? config.createRemote.trim() : 'upstream',
     ...defaultComponentDirs,
   };
+  if (port != null) {
+    stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT = String(port);
+  }
 
   // Server-light storage isolation: ensure non-main stacks have their own sqlite + local files dir by default.
   // (This prevents a dev stack from mutating main stack's DB when schema changes.)
@@ -550,50 +565,54 @@ async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
     stackEnv.DATABASE_URL = `file:${join(dataDir, 'happy-server-light.sqlite')}`;
   }
   if (serverComponent === 'happy-server') {
-    const reservedPorts = await collectReservedStackPorts();
-    reservedPorts.add(port);
-    const backendPort = await pickNextFreePort(port + 10, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(backendPort);
-    const pgPort = await pickNextFreePort(port + 1000, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(pgPort);
-    const redisPort = await pickNextFreePort(pgPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(redisPort);
-    const minioPort = await pickNextFreePort(redisPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(minioPort);
-    const minioConsolePort = await pickNextFreePort(minioPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
-
+    // Persist stable infra credentials in the stack env (ports are ephemeral unless explicitly pinned).
     const pgUser = 'handy';
     const pgPassword = randomToken(24);
     const pgDb = 'handy';
-    const databaseUrl = `postgresql://${encodeURIComponent(pgUser)}:${encodeURIComponent(pgPassword)}@127.0.0.1:${pgPort}/${encodeURIComponent(pgDb)}`;
-
     const s3Bucket = sanitizeDnsLabel(`happy-${stackName}`, { fallback: 'happy' });
     const s3AccessKey = randomToken(12);
     const s3SecretKey = randomToken(24);
-    const s3PublicUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${minioPort}/${s3Bucket}`;
 
-    // Persist infra config in the stack env so restarts are stable/reproducible.
     stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MANAGED_INFRA = stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MANAGED_INFRA ?? '1';
-    stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT = String(backendPort);
-    stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT = String(pgPort);
-    stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT = String(redisPort);
-    stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT = String(minioPort);
-    stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT = String(minioConsolePort);
     stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_USER = pgUser;
     stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PASSWORD = pgPassword;
     stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_DATABASE = pgDb;
     stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HANDY_MASTER_SECRET_FILE = join(baseDir, 'happy-server', 'handy-master-secret.txt');
-
-    // Vars consumed by happy-server:
-    stackEnv.DATABASE_URL = databaseUrl;
-    stackEnv.REDIS_URL = `redis://127.0.0.1:${redisPort}`;
-    stackEnv.S3_HOST = '127.0.0.1';
-    stackEnv.S3_PORT = String(minioPort);
-    stackEnv.S3_USE_SSL = 'false';
     stackEnv.S3_ACCESS_KEY = s3AccessKey;
     stackEnv.S3_SECRET_KEY = s3SecretKey;
     stackEnv.S3_BUCKET = s3Bucket;
-    stackEnv.S3_PUBLIC_URL = s3PublicUrl;
+
+    // If user explicitly pinned the server port, also pin the rest of the ports + derived URLs for reproducibility.
+    if (port != null) {
+      const reservedPorts = await collectReservedStackPorts();
+      reservedPorts.add(port);
+      const backendPort = await pickNextFreePort(port + 10, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(backendPort);
+      const pgPort = await pickNextFreePort(port + 1000, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(pgPort);
+      const redisPort = await pickNextFreePort(pgPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(redisPort);
+      const minioPort = await pickNextFreePort(redisPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(minioPort);
+      const minioConsolePort = await pickNextFreePort(minioPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
+
+      const databaseUrl = `postgresql://${encodeURIComponent(pgUser)}:${encodeURIComponent(pgPassword)}@127.0.0.1:${pgPort}/${encodeURIComponent(pgDb)}`;
+      const s3PublicUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${minioPort}/${s3Bucket}`;
+
+      stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT = String(backendPort);
+      stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT = String(pgPort);
+      stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT = String(redisPort);
+      stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT = String(minioPort);
+      stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT = String(minioConsolePort);
+
+      // Vars consumed by happy-server:
+      stackEnv.DATABASE_URL = databaseUrl;
+      stackEnv.REDIS_URL = `redis://127.0.0.1:${redisPort}`;
+      stackEnv.S3_HOST = '127.0.0.1';
+      stackEnv.S3_PORT = String(minioPort);
+      stackEnv.S3_USE_SSL = 'false';
+      stackEnv.S3_PUBLIC_URL = s3PublicUrl;
+    }
   }
 
   // happy
@@ -643,7 +662,8 @@ async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
   }
 
   if (copyAuth) {
-    // Default: inherit main stack auth so creating a new stack doesn't require re-login.
+    // Default: inherit seed stack auth so creating a new stack doesn't require re-login.
+    // Source: --copy-auth-from (highest), else HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_SEED_FROM (default: main).
     // Users can opt out with --no-copy-auth to force a fresh auth / machine identity.
     await copyAuthFromStackIntoNewStack({
       fromStackName: copyAuthFrom,
@@ -652,8 +672,9 @@ async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
       serverComponent,
       json,
       requireSourceStackExists: kv.has('--copy-auth-from'),
+      linkMode: linkAuth,
     }).catch((err) => {
-      if (!json) {
+      if (!json && emit) {
         console.warn(`[stack] auth copy skipped: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`);
         console.warn(`[stack] tip: you can always run: happys stack auth ${stackName} login`);
       }
@@ -661,11 +682,20 @@ async function cmdNew({ rootDir, argv }) {
   }
 
   const envPath = await writeStackEnv({ stackName, env: stackEnv });
-  printResult({
-    json,
-    data: { stackName, envPath, port, serverComponent },
-    text: [`[stack] created ${stackName}`, `[stack] env: ${envPath}`, `[stack] port: ${port}`, `[stack] server: ${serverComponent}`].join('\n'),
-  });
+  const res = { ok: true, stackName, envPath, port: port ?? null, serverComponent, portsMode: port == null ? 'ephemeral' : 'pinned' };
+  if (emit) {
+    printResult({
+      json,
+      data: res,
+      text: [
+        `[stack] created ${stackName}`,
+        `[stack] env: ${envPath}`,
+        `[stack] port: ${port == null ? 'ephemeral (picked at start)' : String(port)}`,
+        `[stack] server: ${serverComponent}`,
+      ].join('\n'),
+    });
+  }
+  return res;
 }
 
 async function cmdEdit({ rootDir, argv }) {
@@ -677,7 +707,7 @@ async function cmdEdit({ rootDir, argv }) {
     throw new Error('[stack] usage: happys stack edit <name> [--interactive]');
   }
 
-  const envPath = getStackEnvPath(stackName);
+  const envPath = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).envPath;
   const raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
   const existingEnv = parseEnvToObject(raw);
 
@@ -702,21 +732,19 @@ async function cmdEdit({ rootDir, argv }) {
   const config = await withRl((rl) => interactiveEdit({ rootDir, rl, stackName, existingEnv, defaults }));
 
   // Build next env, starting from existing env but enforcing stack-scoped invariants.
-  const baseDir = getStackDir(stackName);
+  const baseDir = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).baseDir;
   const uiBuildDir = join(baseDir, 'ui');
   const cliHomeDir = join(baseDir, 'cli');
 
   let port = config.port;
-  if (!port || !Number.isFinite(port)) {
-    const reservedPorts = await collectReservedStackPorts({ excludeStackName: stackName });
-    port = await pickNextFreePort(getDefaultPortStart(), { reservedPorts });
+  if (!Number.isFinite(port) || port <= 0) {
+    port = null;
   }
 
   const serverComponent = (config.serverComponent || existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT || existingEnv.HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT || 'happy-server-light').trim();
 
   const next = {
     HAPPY_STACKS_STACK: stackName,
-    HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT: String(port),
     HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT: serverComponent,
     HAPPY_STACKS_UI_BUILD_DIR: uiBuildDir,
     HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR: cliHomeDir,
@@ -726,6 +754,9 @@ async function cmdEdit({ rootDir, argv }) {
     // Always pin defaults; overrides below can replace.
     ...resolveDefaultComponentDirs({ rootDir }),
   };
+  if (port != null) {
+    next.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT = String(port);
+  }
 
   if (serverComponent === 'happy-server-light') {
     const dataDir = join(baseDir, 'server-light');
@@ -734,52 +765,66 @@ async function cmdEdit({ rootDir, argv }) {
     next.DATABASE_URL = `file:${join(dataDir, 'happy-server-light.sqlite')}`;
   }
   if (serverComponent === 'happy-server') {
-    const reservedPorts = await collectReservedStackPorts({ excludeStackName: stackName });
-    reservedPorts.add(port);
-    const backendPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT?.trim()
-      ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT.trim())
-      : await pickNextFreePort(port + 10, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(backendPort);
-    const pgPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT?.trim() ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT.trim()) : await pickNextFreePort(port + 1000, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(pgPort);
-    const redisPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT?.trim() ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT.trim()) : await pickNextFreePort(pgPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(redisPort);
-    const minioPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT?.trim() ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT.trim()) : await pickNextFreePort(redisPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
-    reservedPorts.add(minioPort);
-    const minioConsolePort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT?.trim()
-      ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT.trim())
-      : await pickNextFreePort(minioPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
-
+    // Persist stable infra credentials. Ports are ephemeral unless explicitly pinned.
     const pgUser = (existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_USER ?? 'handy').trim() || 'handy';
     const pgPassword = (existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PASSWORD ?? '').trim() || randomToken(24);
     const pgDb = (existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_DATABASE ?? 'handy').trim() || 'handy';
-    const databaseUrl = `postgresql://${encodeURIComponent(pgUser)}:${encodeURIComponent(pgPassword)}@127.0.0.1:${pgPort}/${encodeURIComponent(pgDb)}`;
-
-    const s3Bucket = (existingEnv.S3_BUCKET ?? sanitizeDnsLabel(`happy-${stackName}`, { fallback: 'happy' })).trim() || sanitizeDnsLabel(`happy-${stackName}`, { fallback: 'happy' });
+    const s3Bucket =
+      (existingEnv.S3_BUCKET ?? sanitizeDnsLabel(`happy-${stackName}`, { fallback: 'happy' })).trim() ||
+      sanitizeDnsLabel(`happy-${stackName}`, { fallback: 'happy' });
     const s3AccessKey = (existingEnv.S3_ACCESS_KEY ?? '').trim() || randomToken(12);
     const s3SecretKey = (existingEnv.S3_SECRET_KEY ?? '').trim() || randomToken(24);
-    const s3PublicUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${minioPort}/${s3Bucket}`;
 
     next.HAPPY_STACKS_MANAGED_INFRA = (existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MANAGED_INFRA ?? '1').trim() || '1';
-    next.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT = String(backendPort);
-    next.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT = String(pgPort);
-    next.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT = String(redisPort);
-    next.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT = String(minioPort);
-    next.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT = String(minioConsolePort);
     next.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_USER = pgUser;
     next.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PASSWORD = pgPassword;
     next.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_DATABASE = pgDb;
-    next.HAPPY_STACKS_HANDY_MASTER_SECRET_FILE = join(baseDir, 'happy-server', 'handy-master-secret.txt');
-
-    next.DATABASE_URL = databaseUrl;
-    next.REDIS_URL = `redis://127.0.0.1:${redisPort}`;
-    next.S3_HOST = '127.0.0.1';
-    next.S3_PORT = String(minioPort);
-    next.S3_USE_SSL = 'false';
+    next.HAPPY_STACKS_HANDY_MASTER_SECRET_FILE =
+      (existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HANDY_MASTER_SECRET_FILE ?? '').trim() || join(baseDir, 'happy-server', 'handy-master-secret.txt');
     next.S3_ACCESS_KEY = s3AccessKey;
     next.S3_SECRET_KEY = s3SecretKey;
     next.S3_BUCKET = s3Bucket;
-    next.S3_PUBLIC_URL = s3PublicUrl;
+
+    if (port != null) {
+      // If user pinned the server port, keep ports + derived URLs stable as well.
+      const reservedPorts = await collectReservedStackPorts({ excludeStackName: stackName });
+      reservedPorts.add(port);
+      const backendPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT?.trim()
+        ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT.trim())
+        : await pickNextFreePort(port + 10, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(backendPort);
+      const pgPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT?.trim()
+        ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT.trim())
+        : await pickNextFreePort(port + 1000, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(pgPort);
+      const redisPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT?.trim()
+        ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT.trim())
+        : await pickNextFreePort(pgPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(redisPort);
+      const minioPort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT?.trim()
+        ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT.trim())
+        : await pickNextFreePort(redisPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
+      reservedPorts.add(minioPort);
+      const minioConsolePort = existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT?.trim()
+        ? Number(existingEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT.trim())
+        : await pickNextFreePort(minioPort + 1, { reservedPorts });
+
+      const databaseUrl = `postgresql://${encodeURIComponent(pgUser)}:${encodeURIComponent(pgPassword)}@127.0.0.1:${pgPort}/${encodeURIComponent(pgDb)}`;
+      const s3PublicUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${minioPort}/${s3Bucket}`;
+
+      next.HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT = String(backendPort);
+      next.HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT = String(pgPort);
+      next.HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT = String(redisPort);
+      next.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT = String(minioPort);
+      next.HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT = String(minioConsolePort);
+
+      next.DATABASE_URL = databaseUrl;
+      next.REDIS_URL = `redis://127.0.0.1:${redisPort}`;
+      next.S3_HOST = '127.0.0.1';
+      next.S3_PORT = String(minioPort);
+      next.S3_USE_SSL = 'false';
+      next.S3_PUBLIC_URL = s3PublicUrl;
+    }
   }
 
   // Apply selections (create worktrees if needed)
@@ -810,7 +855,230 @@ async function cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath, args, extraEnv = {
   await withStackEnv({
     stackName,
     extraEnv,
-    fn: async ({ env }) => {
+    fn: async ({ env, envPath, stackEnv, runtimeStatePath, runtimeState }) => {
+      const isStartLike = scriptPath === 'dev.mjs' || scriptPath === 'run.mjs';
+      if (!isStartLike) {
+        await run(process.execPath, [join(rootDir, 'scripts', scriptPath), ...args], { cwd: rootDir, env });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const wantsRestart = args.includes('--restart');
+      const wantsJson = args.includes('--json');
+      const pinnedServerPort = Boolean((stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT ?? '').trim() || (stackEnv.HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT ?? '').trim());
+      const serverComponent =
+        (stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT ?? stackEnv.HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT ?? '').toString().trim() || 'happy-server-light';
+      const managedInfra =
+        serverComponent === 'happy-server'
+          ? ((stackEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_MANAGED_INFRA ?? stackEnv.HAPPY_LOCAL_MANAGED_INFRA ?? '1').toString().trim() !== '0')
+          : false;
+
+      // If this is an ephemeral-port stack and it's already running, avoid spawning a second copy.
+      const existingOwnerPid = Number(runtimeState?.ownerPid);
+      const existingPort = Number(runtimeState?.ports?.server);
+      const existingUiPort = Number(runtimeState?.expo?.webPort);
+      const existingPorts =
+        runtimeState?.ports && typeof runtimeState.ports === 'object' ? runtimeState.ports : null;
+      const wasRunning = isPidAlive(existingOwnerPid);
+      // True restart = there was an active runner for this stack. If the stack is not running,
+      // `--restart` should behave like a normal start (allocate new ephemeral ports if needed).
+      const isTrueRestart = wantsRestart && wasRunning;
+      if (wasRunning) {
+        if (!wantsRestart) {
+          const serverPart = Number.isFinite(existingPort) && existingPort > 0 ? ` server=${existingPort}` : '';
+          const uiPart =
+            scriptPath === 'dev.mjs' && Number.isFinite(existingUiPort) && existingUiPort > 0 ? ` ui=${existingUiPort}` : '';
+          console.log(`[stack] ${stackName}: already running (pid=${existingOwnerPid}${serverPart}${uiPart})`);
+
+          const isInteractive = Boolean(process.stdin.isTTY && process.stdout.isTTY);
+          const noBrowser =
+            args.includes('--no-browser') ||
+            (env.HAPPY_STACKS_NO_BROWSER ?? env.HAPPY_LOCAL_NO_BROWSER ?? '').toString().trim() === '1';
+          const openBrowser = isInteractive && !wantsJson && !noBrowser;
+
+          const host = resolveLocalhostHost({ stackMode: true, stackName });
+          const uiUrl =
+            scriptPath === 'dev.mjs'
+              ? Number.isFinite(existingUiPort) && existingUiPort > 0
+                ? `http://${host}:${existingUiPort}`
+                : null
+              : Number.isFinite(existingPort) && existingPort > 0
+                ? `http://${host}:${existingPort}`
+                : null;
+
+          if (uiUrl) {
+            console.log(`[stack] ${stackName}: ui: ${uiUrl}`);
+            if (openBrowser) {
+              await openUrlInBrowser(uiUrl);
+            }
+          } else if (scriptPath === 'dev.mjs') {
+            console.log(`[stack] ${stackName}: ui: unknown (missing expo.webPort in stack.runtime.json)`);
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+        // Restart: stop the existing runner first.
+        await killPidOwnedByStack(existingOwnerPid, { stackName, envPath, cliHomeDir: (env.HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR ?? env.HAPPY_LOCAL_CLI_HOME_DIR ?? '').toString(), label: 'runner', json: false });
+        // Clear runtime state so we don't keep stale process PIDs; we'll re-create it for the new run below.
+        await deleteStackRuntimeStateFile(runtimeStatePath);
+      }
+
+      // Ephemeral ports: allocate at start time, store only in runtime state (not in stack env).
+      if (!pinnedServerPort) {
+        const reserved = await collectReservedStackPorts({ excludeStackName: stackName });
+
+        // Also avoid ports held by other *running* ephemeral stacks.
+        const names = await listAllStackNames();
+        for (const n of names) {
+          if (n === stackName) continue;
+          const p = getStackRuntimeStatePath(n);
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+          const st = await readStackRuntimeStateFile(p);
+          const pid = Number(st?.ownerPid);
+          if (!isPidAlive(pid)) continue;
+          const ports = st?.ports && typeof st.ports === 'object' ? st.ports : {};
+          for (const v of Object.values(ports)) {
+            const num = Number(v);
+            if (Number.isFinite(num) && num > 0) reserved.add(num);
+          }
+        }
+
+        const startPort = getDefaultPortStart();
+        const ports = {};
+
+        const parsePortOrNull = (v) => {
+          const n = Number(v);
+          return Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? n : null;
+        };
+        const candidatePorts =
+          isTrueRestart && existingPorts
+            ? {
+                server: parsePortOrNull(existingPorts.server),
+                backend: parsePortOrNull(existingPorts.backend),
+                pg: parsePortOrNull(existingPorts.pg),
+                redis: parsePortOrNull(existingPorts.redis),
+                minio: parsePortOrNull(existingPorts.minio),
+                minioConsole: parsePortOrNull(existingPorts.minioConsole),
+              }
+            : null;
+
+        const canReuse =
+          candidatePorts &&
+          candidatePorts.server &&
+          (serverComponent !== 'happy-server' || candidatePorts.backend) &&
+          (!managedInfra ||
+            (candidatePorts.pg && candidatePorts.redis && candidatePorts.minio && candidatePorts.minioConsole));
+
+        if (canReuse) {
+          ports.server = candidatePorts.server;
+          if (serverComponent === 'happy-server') {
+            ports.backend = candidatePorts.backend;
+            if (managedInfra) {
+              ports.pg = candidatePorts.pg;
+              ports.redis = candidatePorts.redis;
+              ports.minio = candidatePorts.minio;
+              ports.minioConsole = candidatePorts.minioConsole;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Fail-closed if any of the reused ports are unexpectedly occupied (prevents cross-stack collisions).
+          const toCheck = Object.values(ports)
+            .map((n) => Number(n))
+            .filter((n) => Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0);
+          for (const p of toCheck) {
+            // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+            if (!(await isTcpPortFree(p))) {
+              throw new Error(
+                `[stack] ${stackName}: cannot reuse port ${p} on restart (port is not free).\n` +
+                  `[stack] Fix: stop the process using it, or re-run without --restart to allocate new ports.`
+              );
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          ports.server = await pickNextFreeTcpPort(startPort, { reservedPorts: reserved });
+          reserved.add(ports.server);
+
+          if (serverComponent === 'happy-server') {
+            ports.backend = await pickNextFreeTcpPort(ports.server + 10, { reservedPorts: reserved });
+            reserved.add(ports.backend);
+            if (managedInfra) {
+              ports.pg = await pickNextFreeTcpPort(ports.server + 1000, { reservedPorts: reserved });
+              reserved.add(ports.pg);
+              ports.redis = await pickNextFreeTcpPort(ports.pg + 1, { reservedPorts: reserved });
+              reserved.add(ports.redis);
+              ports.minio = await pickNextFreeTcpPort(ports.redis + 1, { reservedPorts: reserved });
+              reserved.add(ports.minio);
+              ports.minioConsole = await pickNextFreeTcpPort(ports.minio + 1, { reservedPorts: reserved });
+              reserved.add(ports.minioConsole);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Sanity: if somehow the server port is now occupied, fail closed (avoids killPortListeners nuking random processes).
+        if (!(await isTcpPortFree(Number(ports.server)))) {
+          throw new Error(`[stack] ${stackName}: picked server port ${ports.server} but it is not free`);
+        }
+
+        const childEnv = {
+          ...env,
+          HAPPY_STACKS_EPHEMERAL_PORTS: '1',
+          HAPPY_LOCAL_EPHEMERAL_PORTS: '1',
+          HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT: String(ports.server),
+          HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT: String(ports.server),
+          ...(serverComponent === 'happy-server' && ports.backend
+            ? {
+                HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT: String(ports.backend),
+                HAPPY_LOCAL_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT: String(ports.backend),
+              }
+            : {}),
+          ...(managedInfra && ports.pg
+            ? {
+                HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT: String(ports.pg),
+                HAPPY_LOCAL_PG_PORT: String(ports.pg),
+                HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT: String(ports.redis),
+                HAPPY_LOCAL_REDIS_PORT: String(ports.redis),
+                HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT: String(ports.minio),
+                HAPPY_LOCAL_MINIO_PORT: String(ports.minio),
+                HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT: String(ports.minioConsole),
+                HAPPY_LOCAL_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT: String(ports.minioConsole),
+              }
+            : {}),
+        };
+
+        // Spawn the runner (long-lived) and record its pid + ports for other stack-scoped commands.
+        const child = spawn(process.execPath, [join(rootDir, 'scripts', scriptPath), ...args], {
+          cwd: rootDir,
+          env: childEnv,
+          stdio: 'inherit',
+          shell: false,
+        });
+
+        // Record the chosen ports immediately (before the runner finishes booting), so other stack commands
+        // can resolve the correct endpoints and `--restart` can reliably reuse the same ports.
+        await recordStackRuntimeStart(runtimeStatePath, {
+          stackName,
+          script: scriptPath,
+          ephemeral: true,
+          ownerPid: child.pid,
+          ports,
+        }).catch(() => {});
+
+        try {
+          await new Promise((resolvePromise, rejectPromise) => {
+            child.on('error', rejectPromise);
+            child.on('exit', (code, sig) => {
+              if (code === 0) return resolvePromise();
+              return rejectPromise(new Error(`stack ${scriptPath} exited (code=${code ?? 'null'}, sig=${sig ?? 'null'})`));
+            });
+          });
+        } finally {
+          const cur = await readStackRuntimeStateFile(runtimeStatePath);
+          if (Number(cur?.ownerPid) === Number(child.pid)) {
+            await deleteStackRuntimeStateFile(runtimeStatePath);
+          }
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Pinned port stack: run normally under the pinned env.
       await run(process.execPath, [join(rootDir, 'scripts', scriptPath), ...args], { cwd: rootDir, env });
     },
   });
@@ -836,6 +1104,12 @@ function resolveTransientComponentOverrides({ rootDir, kv }) {
     }
   }
 
+  if (Object.keys(overrides).length > 0) {
+    // Mark these as transient so scripts/utils/env.mjs won't clobber them when it loads the stack env file.
+    overrides.HAPPY_STACKS_TRANSIENT_COMPONENT_OVERRIDES = '1';
+    overrides.HAPPY_LOCAL_TRANSIENT_COMPONENT_OVERRIDES = '1';
+  }
+
   return overrides;
 }
 
@@ -964,26 +1238,8 @@ async function cmdMigrate({ argv }) {
 }
 
 async function cmdListStacks() {
-  const stacksDir = getStacksStorageRoot();
-  const legacyStacksDir = join(getLegacyStorageRoot(), 'stacks');
   try {
-    const namesSet = new Set();
-    const entries = await readdir(stacksDir, { withFileTypes: true });
-    for (const e of entries) {
-      if (!e.isDirectory()) continue;
-      if (e.name === 'main') continue;
-      namesSet.add(e.name);
-    }
-    try {
-      const legacyEntries = await readdir(legacyStacksDir, { withFileTypes: true });
-      for (const e of legacyEntries) {
-        if (!e.isDirectory()) continue;
-        namesSet.add(e.name);
-      }
-    } catch {
-      // ignore
-    }
-    const names = Array.from(namesSet).sort();
+    const names = (await listAllStackNames()).filter((n) => n !== 'main');
     if (!names.length) {
       console.log('[stack] no stacks found');
       return;
@@ -997,53 +1253,103 @@ async function cmdListStacks() {
   }
 }
 
-async function listAllStackNames() {
-  const stacksDir = getStacksStorageRoot();
-  const legacyStacksDir = join(getLegacyStorageRoot(), 'stacks');
-  const namesSet = new Set(['main']);
-  try {
-    const entries = await readdir(stacksDir, { withFileTypes: true });
-    for (const e of entries) {
-      if (!e.isDirectory()) continue;
-      namesSet.add(e.name);
-    }
-  } catch {
-    // ignore
-  }
-  try {
-    const legacyEntries = await readdir(legacyStacksDir, { withFileTypes: true });
-    for (const e of legacyEntries) {
-      if (!e.isDirectory()) continue;
-      namesSet.add(e.name);
-    }
-  } catch {
-    // ignore
-  }
-  return Array.from(namesSet).sort();
-}
-
-function getEnvValue(obj, key) {
-  return (obj?.[key] ?? '').toString().trim();
-}
-
 async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
-  const { flags } = parseArgs(argv);
+  const { flags, kv } = parseArgs(argv);
   const json = wantsJson(argv, { flags });
   const fix = flags.has('--fix');
   const fixMain = flags.has('--fix-main');
+  const fixPorts = flags.has('--fix-ports');
+  const fixWorkspace = flags.has('--fix-workspace');
+  const fixPaths = flags.has('--fix-paths');
+  const unpinPorts = flags.has('--unpin-ports');
+  const unpinPortsExceptRaw = (kv.get('--unpin-ports-except') ?? '').trim();
+  const unpinPortsExcept = new Set(
+    unpinPortsExceptRaw
+      .split(',')
+      .map((s) => s.trim())
+      .filter(Boolean)
+  );
+  const wantsEnvRepair = Boolean(fix || fixWorkspace || fixPaths);
 
   const stacks = await listAllStackNames();
 
   const report = [];
   const ports = new Map(); // port -> [stackName]
+  const otherWorkspaceRoot = join(getHappyStacksHomeDir(), 'workspace');
 
   for (const stackName of stacks) {
     const resolved = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName);
     const envPath = resolved.envPath;
     const baseDir = resolved.baseDir;
 
-    const raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
-    const env = parseEnvToObject(raw);
+    let raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
+    let env = parseEnvToObject(raw);
+
+    // If the env file is missing/empty, optionally reconstruct a safe baseline env.
+    if (!raw.trim() && wantsEnvRepair && (stackName !== 'main' || fixMain)) {
+      const serverComponent =
+        getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT') ||
+        getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT') ||
+        'happy-server-light';
+      const expectedUi = join(baseDir, 'ui');
+      const expectedCli = join(baseDir, 'cli');
+      // Port strategy: main is pinned by convention; non-main stacks default to ephemeral ports.
+      const reservedPorts = stackName === 'main' ? await collectReservedStackPorts({ excludeStackName: stackName }) : new Set();
+      const port = stackName === 'main' ? await pickNextFreePort(getDefaultPortStart(), { reservedPorts }) : null;
+
+      const nextEnv = {
+        HAPPY_STACKS_STACK: stackName,
+        HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT: serverComponent,
+        HAPPY_STACKS_UI_BUILD_DIR: expectedUi,
+        HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR: expectedCli,
+        HAPPY_STACKS_STACK_REMOTE: 'upstream',
+        ...resolveDefaultComponentDirs({ rootDir }),
+      };
+      if (port != null) {
+        nextEnv.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT = String(port);
+      }
+
+      if (serverComponent === 'happy-server-light') {
+        const dataDir = join(baseDir, 'server-light');
+        nextEnv.HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_DATA_DIR = dataDir;
+        nextEnv.HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_FILES_DIR = join(dataDir, 'files');
+        nextEnv.DATABASE_URL = `file:${join(dataDir, 'happy-server-light.sqlite')}`;
+      }
+
+      await writeStackEnv({ stackName, env: nextEnv });
+      raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
+      env = parseEnvToObject(raw);
+    }
+
+    // Optional: unpin ports for non-main stacks (ephemeral port model).
+    if (unpinPorts && stackName !== 'main' && !unpinPortsExcept.has(stackName) && raw.trim()) {
+      const serverComponentTmp =
+        getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT') || getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT') || 'happy-server-light';
+      const remove = [
+        // Always remove pinned public server port.
+        'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT',
+        // Happy-server gateway/backend ports.
+        'HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_LOCAL_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT',
+        // Managed infra ports.
+        'HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_LOCAL_PG_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_LOCAL_REDIS_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_LOCAL_MINIO_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT',
+        'HAPPY_LOCAL_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT',
+      ];
+      if (serverComponentTmp === 'happy-server') {
+        // These are derived from the ports above; safe to re-compute at start time.
+        remove.push('DATABASE_URL', 'REDIS_URL', 'S3_PORT', 'S3_PUBLIC_URL');
+      }
+      await ensureEnvFilePruned({ envPath, removeKeys: remove });
+      raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
+      env = parseEnvToObject(raw);
+    }
 
     const serverComponent = getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT') || getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT') || 'happy-server-light';
     const portRaw = getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT') || getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT');
@@ -1066,6 +1372,8 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
     const expectedUi = join(baseDir, 'ui');
     if (!uiBuildDir) {
       issues.push({ code: 'missing_ui_build_dir', message: `missing UI build dir (expected ${expectedUi})` });
+    } else if (uiBuildDir !== expectedUi) {
+      issues.push({ code: 'ui_build_dir_mismatch', message: `UI build dir points to ${uiBuildDir} (expected ${expectedUi})` });
     }
 
     const stacksCli = getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR');
@@ -1074,6 +1382,8 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
     const expectedCli = join(baseDir, 'cli');
     if (!cliHomeDir) {
       issues.push({ code: 'missing_cli_home_dir', message: `missing CLI home dir (expected ${expectedCli})` });
+    } else if (cliHomeDir !== expectedCli) {
+      issues.push({ code: 'cli_home_dir_mismatch', message: `CLI home dir points to ${cliHomeDir} (expected ${expectedCli})` });
     }
 
     // Component dirs: require at least server component dir + happy-cli (otherwise stacks can accidentally fall back to some other workspace).
@@ -1090,6 +1400,36 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
       }
     }
 
+    // Workspace/component dir hygiene checks (best-effort).
+    const componentDirKeys = [
+      { component: 'happy', key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY' },
+      { component: 'happy-cli', key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_CLI' },
+      { component: 'happy-server-light', key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT' },
+      { component: 'happy-server', key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER' },
+    ];
+    for (const { component, key } of componentDirKeys) {
+      const legacyKey = key.replace(/^HAPPY_STACKS_/, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_');
+      const v = getEnvValue(env, key) || getEnvValue(env, legacyKey);
+      if (!v) continue;
+      if (!isAbsolute(v)) {
+        issues.push({ code: 'relative_component_dir', message: `${key} is relative (${v}); prefer absolute paths under this workspace` });
+        continue;
+      }
+      const norm = v.replaceAll('\\', '/');
+      if (norm.startsWith(otherWorkspaceRoot.replaceAll('\\', '/') + '/')) {
+        issues.push({ code: 'foreign_workspace_component_dir', message: `${key} points to another workspace: ${v}` });
+        continue;
+      }
+      const rootNorm = resolve(rootDir).replaceAll('\\', '/') + '/';
+      if (norm.includes('/components/') && !norm.startsWith(rootNorm)) {
+        issues.push({ code: 'external_component_dir', message: `${key} points outside current workspace: ${v}` });
+      }
+      // Optional: fail-closed existence check.
+      if (!existsSync(v)) {
+        issues.push({ code: 'missing_component_path', message: `${key} path does not exist: ${v}` });
+      }
+    }
+
     // Server-light DB/files isolation.
     const isServerLight = serverComponent === 'happy-server-light';
     if (isServerLight) {
@@ -1103,16 +1443,23 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
       if (!dataDir) issues.push({ code: 'missing_server_light_data_dir', message: `missing HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_DATA_DIR (expected ${expectedDataDir})` });
       if (!filesDir) issues.push({ code: 'missing_server_light_files_dir', message: `missing HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_FILES_DIR (expected ${expectedFilesDir})` });
       if (!dbUrl) issues.push({ code: 'missing_database_url', message: `missing DATABASE_URL (expected ${expectedDbUrl})` });
+      if (dataDir && dataDir !== expectedDataDir) issues.push({ code: 'server_light_data_dir_mismatch', message: `HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_DATA_DIR=${dataDir} (expected ${expectedDataDir})` });
+      if (filesDir && filesDir !== expectedFilesDir) issues.push({ code: 'server_light_files_dir_mismatch', message: `HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_FILES_DIR=${filesDir} (expected ${expectedFilesDir})` });
+      if (dbUrl && dbUrl !== expectedDbUrl) issues.push({ code: 'database_url_mismatch', message: `DATABASE_URL=${dbUrl} (expected ${expectedDbUrl})` });
 
     }
 
-    // Best-effort env repair (missing keys only).
-    if (fix && (stackName !== 'main' || fixMain) && raw.trim()) {
+    // Best-effort env repair (opt-in; non-main stacks only by default).
+    if ((fix || fixWorkspace || fixPaths) && (stackName !== 'main' || fixMain) && raw.trim()) {
       const updates = [];
 
       // Always ensure stack directories are explicitly pinned when missing.
       if (!stacksUi && !localUi) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_UI_BUILD_DIR', value: expectedUi });
       if (!stacksCli && !localCli) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR', value: expectedCli });
+      if (fixPaths) {
+        if (uiBuildDir && uiBuildDir !== expectedUi) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_UI_BUILD_DIR', value: expectedUi });
+        if (cliHomeDir && cliHomeDir !== expectedCli) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_CLI_HOME_DIR', value: expectedCli });
+      }
 
       // Pin component dirs if missing (best-effort).
       if (missingComponentKeys.length) {
@@ -1132,9 +1479,59 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
         const expectedDataDir = join(baseDir, 'server-light');
         const expectedFilesDir = join(expectedDataDir, 'files');
         const expectedDbUrl = `file:${join(expectedDataDir, 'happy-server-light.sqlite')}`;
-        if (!dataDir) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_DATA_DIR', value: expectedDataDir });
-        if (!filesDir) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_FILES_DIR', value: expectedFilesDir });
-        if (!dbUrl) updates.push({ key: 'DATABASE_URL', value: expectedDbUrl });
+        if (!dataDir || (fixPaths && dataDir !== expectedDataDir)) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_DATA_DIR', value: expectedDataDir });
+        if (!filesDir || (fixPaths && filesDir !== expectedFilesDir)) updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT_FILES_DIR', value: expectedFilesDir });
+        if (!dbUrl || (fixPaths && dbUrl !== expectedDbUrl)) updates.push({ key: 'DATABASE_URL', value: expectedDbUrl });
+      }
+
+      if (fixWorkspace) {
+        const otherNorm = otherWorkspaceRoot.replaceAll('\\', '/') + '/';
+        for (const { component, key } of componentDirKeys) {
+          const legacyKey = key.replace(/^HAPPY_STACKS_/, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_');
+          const current = getEnvValue(env, key) || getEnvValue(env, legacyKey);
+          if (!current) continue;
+
+          let next = current;
+          if (!isAbsolute(next) && next.startsWith('components/')) {
+            next = resolve(rootDir, next);
+          }
+          const norm = next.replaceAll('\\', '/');
+          if (norm.startsWith(otherNorm)) {
+            // Map any path under ~/.happy-stacks/workspace/... back into this repo root.
+            const rel = norm.slice(otherNorm.length);
+            const candidate = resolve(rootDir, rel);
+            if (existsSync(candidate)) {
+              next = candidate;
+            } else if (rel.includes('/components/.worktrees/')) {
+              // Attempt to recreate the referenced worktree inside this workspace.
+              const marker = '/components/.worktrees/';
+              const idx = rel.indexOf(marker);
+              const rest = rel.slice(idx + marker.length); // <component>/<owner>/<slug...>
+              const parts = rest.split('/').filter(Boolean);
+              if (parts.length >= 3) {
+                const comp = parts[0];
+                const owner = parts[1];
+                const slug = parts.slice(2).join('/');
+                const remoteName = owner === 'slopus' ? 'upstream' : 'origin';
+                try {
+                  // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+                  next = await createWorktree({ rootDir, component: comp, slug, remoteName });
+                } catch {
+                  // Fall back to candidate path (even if missing) and let other checks surface it.
+                  next = candidate;
+                }
+              } else {
+                next = candidate;
+              }
+            } else {
+              next = candidate;
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (next !== current) {
+            updates.push({ key, value: next });
+          }
+        }
       }
 
       if (updates.length) {
@@ -1155,7 +1552,136 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
   }
 
   // Port collisions (post-pass)
+  const collisions = [];
   for (const [port, names] of ports.entries()) {
+    if (names.length <= 1) continue;
+    collisions.push({ port, names: Array.from(names) });
+  }
+
+  // Optional: fix collisions by reassigning ports (non-main stacks only by default).
+  if (fixPorts) {
+    const allowMain = Boolean(fixMain);
+    const planned = await collectReservedStackPorts();
+    const byName = new Map(report.map((r) => [r.stackName, r]));
+
+    const parsePg = (url) => {
+      try {
+        const u = new URL(url);
+        const db = u.pathname?.replace(/^\//, '') || '';
+        return {
+          user: decodeURIComponent(u.username || ''),
+          password: decodeURIComponent(u.password || ''),
+          db,
+          host: u.hostname || '127.0.0.1',
+        };
+      } catch {
+        return null;
+      }
+    };
+
+    for (const c of collisions) {
+      const names = c.names.slice().sort();
+      // Keep the first stack stable; reassign others to reduce churn.
+      const keep = names[0];
+      for (const stackName of names.slice(1)) {
+        if (stackName === 'main' && !allowMain) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        const entry = byName.get(stackName);
+        if (!entry) continue;
+        if (!entry.envPath) continue;
+        const raw = await readExistingEnv(entry.envPath);
+        if (!raw.trim()) continue;
+        const env = parseEnvToObject(raw);
+
+        const serverComponent =
+          getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT') || getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT') || 'happy-server-light';
+        const portRaw = getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT') || getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT');
+        const currentPort = portRaw ? Number(portRaw) : NaN;
+        if (Number.isFinite(currentPort) && currentPort > 0) {
+          // Fail-safe: don't rewrite ports for a stack that appears to be actively running.
+          // Otherwise we can strand a running server/daemon on a now-stale port.
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+          const free = await isPortFree(currentPort);
+          if (!free) {
+            entry.issues.push({
+              code: 'port_fix_skipped_running',
+              message: `skipped port reassignment because port ${currentPort} is currently in use (stop the stack and re-run --fix-ports)`,
+            });
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        const startFrom = Number.isFinite(currentPort) && currentPort > 0 ? currentPort + 1 : getDefaultPortStart();
+
+        const updates = [];
+        const newServerPort = await pickNextFreePort(startFrom, { reservedPorts: planned });
+        planned.add(newServerPort);
+        updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT', value: String(newServerPort) });
+
+        if (serverComponent === 'happy-server') {
+          planned.add(newServerPort);
+          const backendPort = await pickNextFreePort(newServerPort + 10, { reservedPorts: planned });
+          planned.add(backendPort);
+          const pgPort = await pickNextFreePort(newServerPort + 1000, { reservedPorts: planned });
+          planned.add(pgPort);
+          const redisPort = await pickNextFreePort(pgPort + 1, { reservedPorts: planned });
+          planned.add(redisPort);
+          const minioPort = await pickNextFreePort(redisPort + 1, { reservedPorts: planned });
+          planned.add(minioPort);
+          const minioConsolePort = await pickNextFreePort(minioPort + 1, { reservedPorts: planned });
+          planned.add(minioConsolePort);
+
+          updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_HAPPY_SERVER_BACKEND_PORT', value: String(backendPort) });
+          updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PORT', value: String(pgPort) });
+          updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_REDIS_PORT', value: String(redisPort) });
+          updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_PORT', value: String(minioPort) });
+          updates.push({ key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_MINIO_CONSOLE_PORT', value: String(minioConsolePort) });
+
+          // Update URLs while preserving existing credentials.
+          const pgUser = getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_PG_USER') || 'handy';
+          const pgPassword = getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_PG_PASSWORD') || '';
+          const pgDb = getEnvValue(env, 'HAPPY_STACKS_PG_DATABASE') || 'handy';
+          let user = pgUser;
+          let pass = pgPassword;
+          let db = pgDb;
+          const parsed = parsePg(getEnvValue(env, 'DATABASE_URL'));
+          if (parsed) {
+            if (parsed.user) user = parsed.user;
+            if (parsed.password) pass = parsed.password;
+            if (parsed.db) db = parsed.db;
+          }
+          const databaseUrl = `postgresql://${encodeURIComponent(user)}:${encodeURIComponent(pass)}@127.0.0.1:${pgPort}/${encodeURIComponent(db)}`;
+          updates.push({ key: 'DATABASE_URL', value: databaseUrl });
+          updates.push({ key: 'REDIS_URL', value: `redis://127.0.0.1:${redisPort}` });
+          updates.push({ key: 'S3_PORT', value: String(minioPort) });
+          const bucket = getEnvValue(env, 'S3_BUCKET') || sanitizeDnsLabel(`happy-${stackName}`, { fallback: 'happy' });
+          updates.push({ key: 'S3_PUBLIC_URL', value: `http://127.0.0.1:${minioPort}/${bucket}` });
+        }
+
+        await ensureEnvFileUpdated({ envPath: entry.envPath, updates });
+
+        // Update in-memory report for follow-up collision recomputation.
+        entry.serverPort = newServerPort;
+        entry.issues.push({ code: 'port_reassigned', message: `server port reassigned -> ${newServerPort} (was ${currentPort || 'unknown'})` });
+      }
+      // Ensure the "kept" one remains reserved in planned as well.
+      const keptEntry = byName.get(keep);
+      if (keptEntry?.serverPort) planned.add(keptEntry.serverPort);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Recompute port collisions after optional fixes.
+  for (const r of report) {
+    r.issues = (r.issues ?? []).filter((i) => i.code !== 'port_collision');
+  }
+  const portsNow = new Map();
+  for (const r of report) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(r.serverPort) || r.serverPort == null) continue;
+    const existing = portsNow.get(r.serverPort) ?? [];
+    existing.push(r.stackName);
+    portsNow.set(r.serverPort, existing);
+  }
+  for (const [port, names] of portsNow.entries()) {
     if (names.length <= 1) continue;
     for (const r of report) {
       if (r.serverPort === port) {
@@ -1166,7 +1692,7 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
 
   const out = {
     ok: true,
-    fixed: fix,
+    fixed: Boolean(fix || fixPorts || fixWorkspace || fixPaths || unpinPorts),
     stacks: report,
     summary: {
       total: report.length,
@@ -1198,6 +1724,863 @@ async function cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv }) {
   }
 }
 
+async function cmdCreateDevAuthSeed({ rootDir, argv }) {
+  const { flags, kv } = parseArgs(argv);
+  const json = wantsJson(argv, { flags });
+
+  const positionals = argv.filter((a) => !a.startsWith('--'));
+  const name = (positionals[1] ?? '').trim() || 'dev-auth';
+  const serverComponent = (kv.get('--server') ?? '').trim() || 'happy-server-light';
+  const interactive = !flags.has('--non-interactive') && (flags.has('--interactive') || isTty());
+
+  if (json) {
+    // Keep JSON mode non-interactive and stable by using the existing stack command output.
+    // (We intentionally don't run the guided login flow in JSON mode.)
+    const createArgs = ['new', name, '--no-copy-auth', '--server', serverComponent, '--json'];
+    const created = await runCapture(process.execPath, [join(rootDir, 'scripts', 'stack.mjs'), ...createArgs], { cwd: rootDir, env: process.env }).catch((e) => {
+      throw new Error(
+        `[stack] create-dev-auth-seed: failed to create auth seed stack "${name}": ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}`
+      );
+    });
+
+    printResult({
+      json,
+      data: {
+        ok: true,
+        seedStack: name,
+        serverComponent,
+        created: created.trim() ? JSON.parse(created.trim()) : { ok: true },
+        next: {
+          login: `happys stack auth ${name} login`,
+          setEnv: `# add to ${getHomeEnvLocalPath()}:\nHAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_SEED_FROM=${name}\nHAPPY_STACKS_AUTO_AUTH_SEED=1`,
+          reseedAll: `happys auth copy-from ${name} --all --except=main,${name}`,
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create the seed stack as fresh auth (no copy) so it doesn't share main identity.
+  // IMPORTANT: do this in-process (no recursive spawn) so the env file is definitely written
+  // before we run any guided steps (withStackEnv/login).
+  if (!stackExistsSync(name)) {
+    await cmdNew({
+      rootDir,
+      argv: [name, '--no-copy-auth', '--server', serverComponent],
+    });
+  } else {
+    console.log(`[stack] auth seed stack already exists: ${name}`);
+  }
+
+  if (!stackExistsSync(name)) {
+    throw new Error(`[stack] create-dev-auth-seed: expected stack "${name}" to exist after creation, but it does not`);
+  }
+
+  // Interactive convenience: guide login first, then configure env.local + store dev key.
+  if (interactive) {
+    await withRl(async (rl) => {
+      let savedDevKey = false;
+      const wantLoginRaw = (await prompt(
+        rl,
+        `Run guided login now? (starts the seed server temporarily for this stack) (Y/n): `,
+        { defaultValue: 'y' }
+      ))
+        .trim()
+        .toLowerCase();
+      const wantLogin = wantLoginRaw === 'y' || wantLoginRaw === 'yes' || wantLoginRaw === '';
+
+      if (wantLogin) {
+        console.log('');
+        console.log(`[stack] starting ${serverComponent} temporarily so we can log in...`);
+
+        const serverPort = await pickNextFreeTcpPort(3005, { host: '127.0.0.1' });
+        const internalServerUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`;
+        const publicServerUrl = `http://localhost:${serverPort}`;
+
+        const autostart = { stackName: name, baseDir: resolveStackEnvPath(name).baseDir };
+        const children = [];
+
+        await withStackEnv({
+          stackName: name,
+          extraEnv: {
+            // Make sure stack auth login uses the same port we just picked, and avoid inheriting
+            // any global/public URL (e.g. main stack’s Tailscale URL) for this guided flow.
+            HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT: String(serverPort),
+            HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT: String(serverPort),
+            HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_URL: '',
+            HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_URL: '',
+          },
+          fn: async ({ env }) => {
+            const serverDir =
+              serverComponent === 'happy-server'
+                ? env.HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER
+                : env.HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT;
+            const resolvedServerDir = serverDir || getComponentDir(rootDir, serverComponent);
+            const resolvedCliDir = env.HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_CLI || getComponentDir(rootDir, 'happy-cli');
+            const resolvedUiDir = env.HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY || getComponentDir(rootDir, 'happy');
+
+            await requireDir(serverComponent, resolvedServerDir);
+            await requireDir('happy-cli', resolvedCliDir);
+            await requireDir('happy', resolvedUiDir);
+
+            let serverProc = null;
+            let uiProc = null;
+            try {
+              const started = await startDevServer({
+                serverComponentName: serverComponent,
+                serverDir: resolvedServerDir,
+                autostart,
+                baseEnv: env,
+                serverPort,
+                internalServerUrl,
+                publicServerUrl,
+                envPath: env.HAPPY_STACKS_ENV_FILE ?? env.HAPPY_LOCAL_ENV_FILE ?? '',
+                stackMode: true,
+                runtimeStatePath: null,
+                serverAlreadyRunning: false,
+                restart: true,
+                children,
+                spawnOptions: { stdio: 'ignore' },
+              });
+              serverProc = started.serverProc;
+
+              // Start Expo web UI so /terminal/connect exists for happy-cli web auth.
+              const uiRes = await startDevExpoWebUi({
+                startUi: true,
+                uiDir: resolvedUiDir,
+                autostart,
+                baseEnv: env,
+                // In the browser, prefer localhost for API calls.
+                apiServerUrl: publicServerUrl,
+                restart: false,
+                stackMode: true,
+                runtimeStatePath: null,
+                stackName: name,
+                envPath: env.HAPPY_STACKS_ENV_FILE ?? env.HAPPY_LOCAL_ENV_FILE ?? '',
+                children,
+                spawnOptions: { stdio: 'ignore' },
+              });
+              if (uiRes?.skipped === false && uiRes.proc) {
+                uiProc = uiRes.proc;
+              }
+
+              console.log('');
+              const uiHost = resolveLocalhostHost({ stackMode: true, stackName: name });
+              const uiPort = uiRes?.port;
+              const uiRoot = Number.isFinite(uiPort) && uiPort > 0 ? `http://${uiHost}:${uiPort}` : null;
+              const uiRootLocalhost = Number.isFinite(uiPort) && uiPort > 0 ? `http://localhost:${uiPort}` : null;
+              const uiSettings = uiRoot ? `${uiRoot}/settings/account` : null;
+
+              console.log('[stack] step 1/3: create a dev-auth account in the UI (this generates the dev key)');
+              if (uiRoot) {
+                console.log(`[stack] waiting for UI to be ready...`);
+                // Prefer localhost for readiness checks (faster/more reliable), even though we
+                // instruct the user to use the stack-scoped *.localhost origin for storage isolation.
+                await waitForHttpOk(uiRootLocalhost || uiRoot, { timeoutMs: 30_000 });
+                console.log(`- open: ${uiRoot}`);
+                console.log(`- click: "Create Account"`);
+                console.log(`- then open: ${uiSettings}`);
+                console.log(`- tap: "Secret Key" to reveal + copy it`);
+              } else {
+                console.log(`- UI is running but the port was not detected; rerun with DEBUG logs if needed`);
+              }
+              await prompt(rl, `Press Enter once you've created the account in the UI... `);
+
+              console.log('');
+              console.log('[stack] step 2/3: save the dev key locally (for agents / Playwright)');
+              const keyInput = (await prompt(
+                rl,
+                `Paste the Secret Key now (from Settings → Account → Secret Key). Leave empty to skip: `
+              )).trim();
+              if (keyInput) {
+                const res = await writeDevAuthKey({ env: process.env, input: keyInput });
+                savedDevKey = true;
+                console.log(`[stack] dev key saved: ${res.path}`);
+              } else {
+                console.log(`[stack] dev key not saved; you can do it later with: happys auth dev-key --set="<key>"`);
+              }
+
+              console.log('');
+              console.log('[stack] step 3/3: authenticate the CLI against this stack (web auth)');
+              console.log(`[stack] launching: happys stack auth ${name} login`);
+              await run(process.execPath, [join(rootDir, 'scripts', 'auth.mjs'), 'login', '--no-force'], {
+                cwd: rootDir,
+                env,
+              });
+            } finally {
+              if (uiProc) {
+                console.log('');
+                console.log(`[stack] stopping temporary UI (pid=${uiProc.pid})...`);
+                killProcessTree(uiProc, 'SIGINT');
+                await Promise.race([
+                  new Promise((resolve) => uiProc.on('exit', resolve)),
+                  new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 15_000)),
+                ]);
+              }
+              if (serverProc) {
+                console.log('');
+                console.log(`[stack] stopping temporary server (pid=${serverProc.pid})...`);
+                killProcessTree(serverProc, 'SIGINT');
+                await Promise.race([
+                  new Promise((resolve) => serverProc.on('exit', resolve)),
+                  new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 15_000)),
+                ]);
+              }
+            }
+          },
+        });
+
+        console.log('');
+        console.log('[stack] login step complete.');
+      } else {
+        console.log(`[stack] skipping guided login. You can do it later with: happys stack auth ${name} login`);
+      }
+
+      const wantEnvRaw = (await prompt(
+        rl,
+        `Set this as the default auth seed (writes ${getHomeEnvLocalPath()})? (Y/n): `,
+        { defaultValue: 'y' }
+      ))
+        .trim()
+        .toLowerCase();
+      const wantEnv = wantEnvRaw === 'y' || wantEnvRaw === 'yes' || wantEnvRaw === '';
+      if (wantEnv) {
+        const envLocalPath = getHomeEnvLocalPath();
+        await ensureEnvFileUpdated({
+          envPath: envLocalPath,
+          updates: [
+            { key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_SEED_FROM', value: name },
+            { key: 'HAPPY_STACKS_AUTO_AUTH_SEED', value: '1' },
+          ],
+        });
+        console.log(`[stack] updated: ${envLocalPath}`);
+      } else {
+        console.log(`[stack] tip: set in ${getHomeEnvLocalPath()}: HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_SEED_FROM=${name} and HAPPY_STACKS_AUTO_AUTH_SEED=1`);
+      }
+
+      if (!savedDevKey) {
+        const wantKey = (await prompt(rl, `Save the dev auth key for Playwright/UI logins now? (y/N): `)).trim().toLowerCase();
+        if (wantKey === 'y' || wantKey === 'yes') {
+          console.log(`[stack] paste the secret key (base64url OR backup-format like XXXXX-XXXXX-...):`);
+          const input = (await prompt(rl, `dev key: `)).trim();
+          if (input) {
+            try {
+              const res = await writeDevAuthKey({ env: process.env, input });
+              console.log(`[stack] dev key saved: ${res.path}`);
+            } catch (e) {
+              console.warn(`[stack] dev key not saved: ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}`);
+            }
+          } else {
+            console.log('[stack] dev key not provided; skipping');
+          }
+        } else {
+          console.log(`[stack] tip: you can set it later with: happys auth dev-key --set="<key>"`);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  } else {
+    console.log(`- set as default seed (recommended) in ${getHomeEnvLocalPath()}:`);
+    console.log(`  HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_SEED_FROM=${name}`);
+    console.log(`  HAPPY_STACKS_AUTO_AUTH_SEED=1`);
+    console.log(`- (optional) seed existing stacks: happys auth copy-from ${name} --all --except=main,${name}`);
+    console.log(`- (optional) store dev key for UI automation: happys auth dev-key --set="<key>"`);
+  }
+}
+
+function parseServerComponentFromEnv(env) {
+  const v =
+    (env.HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT ?? env.HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT ?? '').toString().trim() ||
+    'happy-server-light';
+  return v === 'happy-server' ? 'happy-server' : 'happy-server-light';
+}
+
+async function readStackEnvObject(stackName) {
+  const envPath = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).envPath;
+  const raw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
+  const env = raw ? parseEnvToObject(raw) : {};
+  return { envPath, env };
+}
+
+function envKeyForComponentDir({ serverComponent, component }) {
+  if (component === 'happy') return 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY';
+  if (component === 'happy-cli') return 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_CLI';
+  if (component === 'happy-server') return 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER';
+  if (component === 'happy-server-light') return 'HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT';
+  // Fallback; caller should not use.
+  return `HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_${component.toUpperCase().replace(/[^A-Z0-9]+/g, '_')}`;
+}
+
+async function cmdDuplicate({ rootDir, argv }) {
+  const { flags, kv } = parseArgs(argv);
+  const json = wantsJson(argv, { flags });
+
+  const positionals = argv.filter((a) => !a.startsWith('--'));
+  const fromStack = (positionals[1] ?? '').trim();
+  const toStack = (positionals[2] ?? '').trim();
+  if (!fromStack || !toStack) {
+    throw new Error('[stack] usage: happys stack duplicate <from> <to> [--duplicate-worktrees] [--deps=...] [--json]');
+  }
+  if (toStack === 'main') {
+    throw new Error('[stack] refusing to duplicate into stack name "main"');
+  }
+  if (!stackExistsSync(fromStack)) {
+    throw new Error(`[stack] duplicate: source stack does not exist: ${fromStack}`);
+  }
+  if (stackExistsSync(toStack)) {
+    throw new Error(`[stack] duplicate: destination stack already exists: ${toStack}`);
+  }
+
+  const duplicateWorktrees =
+    flags.has('--duplicate-worktrees') ||
+    flags.has('--with-worktrees') ||
+    (kv.get('--duplicate-worktrees') ?? '').trim() === '1';
+  const depsMode = (kv.get('--deps') ?? '').trim(); // forwarded to wt new when duplicating worktrees
+
+  const { env: fromEnv } = await readStackEnvObject(fromStack);
+  const serverComponent = parseServerComponentFromEnv(fromEnv);
+
+  // Create the destination stack env with the correct baseDir and defaults (do not copy auth/data).
+  await cmdNew({
+    rootDir,
+    argv: [toStack, '--no-copy-auth', '--server', serverComponent],
+  });
+
+  // Build component dir updates (copy overrides; optionally duplicate worktrees).
+  // Copy all component directory overrides, not just the currently-selected server flavor.
+  // This keeps the duplicated stack fully self-contained even if you later switch server flavor.
+  const components = ['happy', 'happy-cli', 'happy-server-light', 'happy-server'];
+
+  const updates = [];
+  for (const component of components) {
+    const key = envKeyForComponentDir({ serverComponent, component });
+    const legacyKey = key.replace('HAPPY_STACKS_', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_');
+    const rawDir = (fromEnv[key] ?? fromEnv[legacyKey] ?? '').toString().trim();
+    if (!rawDir) continue;
+
+    let nextDir = rawDir;
+    if (duplicateWorktrees && isComponentWorktreePath({ rootDir, component, dir: rawDir })) {
+      const spec = worktreeSpecFromDir({ rootDir, component, dir: rawDir });
+      if (spec) {
+        const [owner, ...restParts] = spec.split('/').filter(Boolean);
+        const rest = restParts.join('/');
+        const slug = `dup/${sanitizeSlugPart(toStack)}/${rest}`;
+
+        const repoDir = join(getComponentsDir(rootDir), component);
+        const remoteName = await inferRemoteNameForOwner({ repoDir, owner });
+        // Base on the existing worktree's HEAD/branch so we get the same commit.
+        nextDir = await createWorktreeFromBaseWorktree({
+          rootDir,
+          component,
+          slug,
+          baseWorktreeSpec: spec,
+          remoteName,
+          depsMode,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    updates.push({ key, value: nextDir });
+  }
+
+  // Apply component dir overrides to the destination stack env file.
+  const toEnvPath = resolveStackEnvPath(toStack).envPath;
+  if (updates.length) {
+    await ensureEnvFileUpdated({ envPath: toEnvPath, updates });
+  }
+
+  const out = {
+    ok: true,
+    from: fromStack,
+    to: toStack,
+    serverComponent,
+    duplicatedWorktrees: duplicateWorktrees,
+    updatedKeys: updates.map((u) => u.key),
+    envPath: toEnvPath,
+  };
+
+  if (json) {
+    printResult({ json, data: out });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  console.log(`[stack] duplicated: ${fromStack} -> ${toStack}`);
+  console.log(`[stack] env: ${toEnvPath}`);
+  if (duplicateWorktrees) {
+    console.log(`[stack] worktrees: duplicated (deps=${depsMode || 'none'})`);
+  } else {
+    console.log('[stack] worktrees: not duplicated (reusing existing component dirs)');
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdInfo({ rootDir, argv }) {
+  const { flags } = parseArgs(argv);
+  const json = wantsJson(argv, { flags });
+  const positionals = argv.filter((a) => !a.startsWith('--'));
+  const stackName = (positionals[1] ?? '').trim();
+  if (!stackName) {
+    throw new Error('[stack] usage: happys stack info <name> [--json]');
+  }
+  if (!stackExistsSync(stackName)) {
+    throw new Error(`[stack] info: stack does not exist: ${stackName}`);
+  }
+
+  const out = await cmdInfoInternal({ rootDir, stackName });
+  if (json) {
+    printResult({ json, data: out });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  console.log(`[stack] info: ${stackName}`);
+  console.log(`- env: ${out.envPath}`);
+  console.log(`- runtime: ${out.runtimeStatePath}`);
+  console.log(`- server: ${out.serverComponent}`);
+  console.log(`- running: ${out.runtime.running ? 'yes' : 'no'}${out.runtime.ownerPid ? ` (pid=${out.runtime.ownerPid})` : ''}`);
+  if (out.ports.server) console.log(`- port: server=${out.ports.server}${out.ports.backend ? ` backend=${out.ports.backend}` : ''}`);
+  if (out.ports.ui) console.log(`- port: ui=${out.ports.ui}`);
+  if (out.urls.uiUrl) console.log(`- ui: ${out.urls.uiUrl}`);
+  if (out.urls.internalServerUrl) console.log(`- internal: ${out.urls.internalServerUrl}`);
+  if (out.pinned.serverPort) console.log(`- pinned: serverPort=${out.pinned.serverPort}`);
+  console.log('- components:');
+  for (const c of out.components) {
+    console.log(`  - ${c.component}: ${c.dir}${c.worktreeSpec ? ` (${c.worktreeSpec})` : ''}`);
+  }
+}
+
+async function cmdPrStack({ rootDir, argv }) {
+  // Supports passing args to the eventual `stack dev/start` via `-- ...`.
+  const sep = argv.indexOf('--');
+  const argv0 = sep >= 0 ? argv.slice(0, sep) : argv;
+  const passthrough = sep >= 0 ? argv.slice(sep + 1) : [];
+
+  const { flags, kv } = parseArgs(argv0);
+  const json = wantsJson(argv0, { flags });
+
+  if (wantsHelp(argv0, { flags })) {
+    printResult({
+      json,
+      data: {
+        usage:
+          'happys stack pr <name> --happy=<pr-url|number> [--happy-cli=<pr-url|number>] [--happy-server=<pr-url|number>|--happy-server-light=<pr-url|number>] [--server=happy-server|happy-server-light] [--remote=upstream] [--deps=none|link|install|link-or-install] [--seed-auth] [--copy-auth-from=<stack>] [--with-infra] [--auth-force] [--dev|--start] [--json] [-- <stack dev/start args...>]',
+      },
+      text: [
+        '[stack] usage:',
+        '  happys stack pr <name> --happy=<pr-url|number> [--happy-cli=<pr-url|number>] [--dev|--start]',
+        '    [--seed-auth] [--copy-auth-from=<stack|legacy>] [--link-auth] [--with-infra] [--auth-force]',
+        '    [--remote=upstream] [--deps=none|link|install|link-or-install] [--update] [--force]',
+        '    [--json] [-- <stack dev/start args...>]',
+        '',
+        'examples:',
+        '  # Create stack + check out PRs + start dev UI',
+        '  happys stack pr pr123 \\',
+        '    --happy=https://github.com/slopus/happy/pull/123 \\',
+        '    --happy-cli=https://github.com/slopus/happy-cli/pull/456 \\',
+        '    --seed-auth --copy-auth-from=dev-auth \\',
+        '    --dev',
+        '',
+        '  # Use numeric PR refs (remote defaults to upstream)',
+        '  happys stack pr pr123 --happy=123 --happy-cli=456 --seed-auth --copy-auth-from=dev-auth --dev',
+        '',
+        '  # Reuse an existing non-stacks Happy install for auth seeding',
+        '  happys stack pr pr123 --happy=123 --seed-auth --copy-auth-from=legacy --link-auth --dev',
+        '',
+        'notes:',
+        '  - This composes existing commands: `happys stack new`, `happys stack wt ...`, and `happys stack auth ...`',
+        '  - For auth seeding, pass `--seed-auth` and optionally `--copy-auth-from=dev-auth` (or legacy/main)',
+        '  - `--link-auth` symlinks auth files instead of copying (keeps credentials in sync, but reduces isolation)',
+      ].join('\n'),
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const positionals = argv0.filter((a) => !a.startsWith('--'));
+  const stackName = (positionals[1] ?? '').trim();
+  if (!stackName) {
+    throw new Error('[stack] pr: missing stack name. Usage: happys stack pr <name> --happy=<pr>');
+  }
+  if (stackName === 'main') {
+    throw new Error('[stack] pr: stack name "main" is reserved; pick a unique name for this PR stack');
+  }
+  const reuseExisting = flags.has('--reuse') || flags.has('--update-existing') || (kv.get('--reuse') ?? '').trim() === '1';
+  const stackExists = stackExistsSync(stackName);
+  if (stackExists && !reuseExisting) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[stack] pr: stack already exists: ${stackName}\n` +
+        `[stack] tip: re-run with --reuse to update the existing PR worktrees and keep the stack wiring intact`
+    );
+  }
+
+  const remoteName = (kv.get('--remote') ?? '').trim() || 'upstream';
+  const depsMode = (kv.get('--deps') ?? '').trim();
+
+  const prHappy = (kv.get('--happy') ?? '').trim();
+  const prCli = (kv.get('--happy-cli') ?? '').trim();
+  const prServerLight = (kv.get('--happy-server-light') ?? '').trim();
+  const prServer = (kv.get('--happy-server') ?? '').trim();
+
+  if (!prHappy && !prCli && !prServerLight && !prServer) {
+    throw new Error(
+      '[stack] pr: missing PR inputs. Provide at least one of: --happy, --happy-cli, --happy-server-light, --happy-server'
+    );
+  }
+  if (prServerLight && prServer) {
+    throw new Error('[stack] pr: cannot specify both --happy-server and --happy-server-light');
+  }
+
+  const serverFromArg = (kv.get('--server') ?? '').trim();
+  const inferredServer = prServer ? 'happy-server' : prServerLight ? 'happy-server-light' : '';
+  const serverComponent = (serverFromArg || inferredServer || 'happy-server-light').trim();
+  if (serverComponent !== 'happy-server' && serverComponent !== 'happy-server-light') {
+    throw new Error(`[stack] pr: invalid --server: ${serverFromArg || serverComponent}`);
+  }
+
+  const wantsDev = flags.has('--dev') || flags.has('--start-dev');
+  const wantsStart = flags.has('--start') || flags.has('--prod');
+  if (wantsDev && wantsStart) {
+    throw new Error('[stack] pr: choose either --dev or --start (not both)');
+  }
+
+  const seedAuthFlag = flags.has('--seed-auth') ? true : flags.has('--no-seed-auth') ? false : null;
+  const authFromFlag = (kv.get('--copy-auth-from') ?? '').trim();
+  const withInfra = flags.has('--with-infra') || flags.has('--ensure-infra') || flags.has('--infra');
+  const authForce = flags.has('--auth-force') || flags.has('--force-auth');
+  const authLinkFlag = flags.has('--link-auth') || flags.has('--link') || flags.has('--symlink-auth') ? true : null;
+  const authLinkEnv =
+    (process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_LINK ?? process.env.HAPPY_LOCAL_AUTH_LINK ?? '').toString().trim() === '1' ||
+    (process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_AUTH_MODE ?? process.env.HAPPY_LOCAL_AUTH_MODE ?? '').toString().trim() === 'link';
+
+  const isInteractive = Boolean(process.stdin.isTTY && process.stdout.isTTY) && !json;
+
+  const mainAccessKeyPath = join(resolveStackEnvPath('main').baseDir, 'cli', 'access.key');
+  const legacyAccessKeyPath = join(getLegacyHappyBaseDir(), 'cli', 'access.key');
+  const devAuthAccessKeyPath = join(resolveStackEnvPath('dev-auth').baseDir, 'cli', 'access.key');
+
+  const hasMainAccessKey = existsSync(mainAccessKeyPath);
+  const allowGlobal = sandboxAllowsGlobalSideEffects();
+  const hasLegacyAccessKey = (!isSandboxed() || allowGlobal) && existsSync(legacyAccessKeyPath);
+  const hasDevAuthAccessKey = existsSync(devAuthAccessKeyPath) && existsSync(resolveStackEnvPath('dev-auth').envPath);
+
+  const inferredSeedFromEnv = resolveAuthSeedFromEnv(process.env);
+  const inferredSeedFromAvailability = hasDevAuthAccessKey ? 'dev-auth' : hasMainAccessKey ? 'main' : hasLegacyAccessKey ? 'legacy' : 'main';
+  const defaultAuthFrom = authFromFlag || inferredSeedFromEnv || inferredSeedFromAvailability;
+
+  // Default behavior for stack pr:
+  // - if user explicitly flags --seed-auth/--no-seed-auth, obey
+  // - otherwise in interactive mode: prompt when we have *some* plausible source, default yes
+  // - in non-interactive mode: follow HAPPY_STACKS_AUTO_AUTH_SEED (if set), else default false
+  const envAutoSeed =
+    (process.env.HAPPY_STACKS_AUTO_AUTH_SEED ?? process.env.HAPPY_LOCAL_AUTO_AUTH_SEED ?? '').toString().trim();
+  const autoSeedEnabled = envAutoSeed ? envAutoSeed !== '0' : false;
+
+  let seedAuth = seedAuthFlag != null ? seedAuthFlag : autoSeedEnabled;
+  let authFrom = defaultAuthFrom;
+  let authLink = authLinkFlag != null ? authLinkFlag : authLinkEnv;
+
+  if (seedAuthFlag == null && isInteractive) {
+    const anySource = hasDevAuthAccessKey || hasMainAccessKey || hasLegacyAccessKey;
+    if (anySource) {
+      seedAuth = await withRl(async (rl) => {
+        return await promptSelect(rl, {
+          title: 'Seed authentication into this PR stack so it works without a re-login?',
+          options: [
+            { label: 'yes (recommended)', value: true },
+            { label: 'no (I will login manually for this stack)', value: false },
+          ],
+          defaultIndex: 0,
+        });
+      });
+    } else {
+      seedAuth = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (seedAuth && !authFromFlag && isInteractive) {
+    const options = [];
+    if (hasDevAuthAccessKey) {
+      options.push({ label: 'dev-auth (recommended) — use your dedicated dev auth seed stack', value: 'dev-auth' });
+    }
+    if (hasMainAccessKey) {
+      options.push({ label: 'main — use Happy Stacks main credentials', value: 'main' });
+    }
+    if (hasLegacyAccessKey) {
+      options.push({ label: 'legacy — use ~/.happy credentials (best-effort)', value: 'legacy' });
+    }
+    options.push({ label: 'skip seeding (manual login)', value: 'skip' });
+
+    const defaultIdx = Math.max(
+      0,
+      options.findIndex((o) => o.value === (hasDevAuthAccessKey ? 'dev-auth' : hasMainAccessKey ? 'main' : hasLegacyAccessKey ? 'legacy' : 'skip'))
+    );
+    const picked = await withRl(async (rl) => {
+      return await promptSelect(rl, {
+        title: 'Which auth source should this PR stack use?',
+        options,
+        defaultIndex: defaultIdx,
+      });
+    });
+    if (picked === 'skip') {
+      seedAuth = false;
+    } else {
+      authFrom = String(picked);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (seedAuth && authLinkFlag == null && isInteractive) {
+    authLink = await withRl(async (rl) => {
+      return await promptSelect(rl, {
+        title: 'When seeding, reuse credentials via symlink or copy?',
+        options: [
+          { label: 'symlink (recommended) — stays up to date', value: true },
+          { label: 'copy — more isolated per stack', value: false },
+        ],
+        defaultIndex: authLink ? 0 : 1,
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  const progress = (line) => {
+    // In JSON mode, never pollute stdout (reserved for final JSON).
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    (json ? console.error : console.log)(line);
+  };
+
+  // 1) Create (or reuse) the stack.
+  let created = null;
+  if (!stackExists) {
+    progress(`[stack] pr: creating stack "${stackName}" (server=${serverComponent})...`);
+    created = await cmdNew({
+      rootDir,
+      argv: [stackName, '--no-copy-auth', `--server=${serverComponent}`, ...(json ? ['--json'] : [])],
+      // Prevent cmdNew from printing in JSON mode (we’ll print the final combined object below).
+      emit: !json,
+    });
+  } else {
+    progress(`[stack] pr: reusing existing stack "${stackName}"...`);
+    // Ensure requested server flavor is compatible with the existing stack.
+    const existing = await cmdInfoInternal({ rootDir, stackName });
+    if (existing.serverComponent !== serverComponent) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `[stack] pr: existing stack "${stackName}" uses server=${existing.serverComponent}, but command requested server=${serverComponent}.\n` +
+          `Fix: create a new stack name, or switch the stack's server flavor first (happys stack srv ${stackName} -- use ...).`
+      );
+    }
+    created = { ok: true, stackName, reused: true, serverComponent: existing.serverComponent };
+  }
+
+  // 2) Checkout PR worktrees and pin them to the stack env file.
+  const prSpecs = [
+    { component: 'happy', pr: prHappy },
+    { component: 'happy-cli', pr: prCli },
+    ...(serverComponent === 'happy-server' ? [{ component: 'happy-server', pr: prServer }] : []),
+    ...(serverComponent === 'happy-server-light' ? [{ component: 'happy-server-light', pr: prServerLight }] : []),
+  ].filter((x) => x.pr);
+
+  const worktrees = [];
+  for (const { component, pr } of prSpecs) {
+    progress(`[stack] pr: ${stackName}: fetching PR for ${component} (${pr})...`);
+    const out = await withStackEnv({
+      stackName,
+      fn: async ({ env }) => {
+        const doUpdate = reuseExisting || flags.has('--update');
+        const args = [
+          'pr',
+          component,
+          pr,
+          `--remote=${remoteName}`,
+          '--use',
+          ...(depsMode ? [`--deps=${depsMode}`] : []),
+          ...(doUpdate ? ['--update'] : []),
+          ...(flags.has('--force') ? ['--force'] : []),
+          '--json',
+        ];
+        const stdout = await runCapture(process.execPath, [join(rootDir, 'scripts', 'worktrees.mjs'), ...args], { cwd: rootDir, env });
+        return stdout.trim() ? JSON.parse(stdout.trim()) : null;
+      },
+    });
+    if (json) {
+      worktrees.push(out);
+    } else if (out) {
+      const short = (sha) => (sha ? String(sha).slice(0, 8) : '');
+      const changed = Boolean(out.updated && out.oldHead && out.newHead && out.oldHead !== out.newHead);
+      if (changed) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+        console.log(`[stack] pr: ${stackName}: ${component}: updated ${short(out.oldHead)} -> ${short(out.newHead)}`);
+      } else if (out.updated) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+        console.log(`[stack] pr: ${stackName}: ${component}: already up to date (${short(out.newHead)})`);
+      } else {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+        console.log(`[stack] pr: ${stackName}: ${component}: checked out (${short(out.newHead)})`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 3) Optional: seed auth (copies cli creds + master secret + DB Account rows).
+  let auth = null;
+  if (seedAuth) {
+    progress(`[stack] pr: ${stackName}: seeding auth from "${authFrom}"...`);
+    const args = [
+      'copy-from',
+      authFrom,
+      ...(authForce ? ['--force'] : []),
+      ...(withInfra ? ['--with-infra'] : []),
+      ...(authLink ? ['--link'] : []),
+    ];
+    if (json) {
+      auth = await withStackEnv({
+        stackName,
+        fn: async ({ env }) => {
+          const stdout = await runCapture(process.execPath, [join(rootDir, 'scripts', 'auth.mjs'), ...args, '--json'], { cwd: rootDir, env });
+          return stdout.trim() ? JSON.parse(stdout.trim()) : null;
+        },
+      });
+    } else {
+      await cmdAuth({ rootDir, stackName, args });
+      auth = { ok: true, from: authFrom };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 4) Optional: start dev / start.
+  if (wantsDev) {
+    progress(`[stack] pr: ${stackName}: starting dev...`);
+    const args = passthrough.length ? ['--', ...passthrough] : [];
+    await cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath: 'dev.mjs', args });
+  } else if (wantsStart) {
+    progress(`[stack] pr: ${stackName}: starting...`);
+    const args = passthrough.length ? ['--', ...passthrough] : [];
+    await cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath: 'run.mjs', args });
+  }
+
+  const info = await cmdInfoInternal({ rootDir, stackName });
+
+  const out = {
+    ok: true,
+    stackName,
+    created,
+    worktrees: worktrees.length ? worktrees : null,
+    auth,
+    info,
+  };
+
+  if (json) {
+    printResult({ json, data: out });
+    return;
+  }
+  // Non-JSON mode already streamed output.
+}
+
+async function cmdInfoInternal({ rootDir, stackName }) {
+  // Minimal extraction from cmdInfo to avoid re-parsing argv/printing. Used by cmdPrStack.
+  const baseDir = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).baseDir;
+  const envPath = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).envPath;
+  const envRaw = await readExistingEnv(envPath);
+  const stackEnv = envRaw ? parseEnvToObject(envRaw) : {};
+  const runtimeStatePath = getStackRuntimeStatePath(stackName);
+  const runtimeState = await readStackRuntimeStateFile(runtimeStatePath);
+
+  const serverComponent =
+    getEnvValueAny(stackEnv, ['HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_COMPONENT', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_COMPONENT']) || 'happy-server-light';
+
+  const stackRemote =
+    getEnvValueAny(stackEnv, ['HAPPY_STACKS_STACK_REMOTE', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_STACK_REMOTE']) || 'upstream';
+
+  const pinnedServerPortRaw = getEnvValueAny(stackEnv, ['HAPPY_STACKS_SERVER_PORT', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_SERVER_PORT']);
+  const pinnedServerPort = pinnedServerPortRaw ? Number(pinnedServerPortRaw) : null;
+
+  const ownerPid = Number(runtimeState?.ownerPid);
+  const running = isPidAlive(ownerPid);
+  const runtimePorts = runtimeState?.ports && typeof runtimeState.ports === 'object' ? runtimeState.ports : {};
+  const serverPort =
+    Number.isFinite(pinnedServerPort) && pinnedServerPort > 0
+      ? pinnedServerPort
+      : Number(runtimePorts?.server) > 0
+        ? Number(runtimePorts.server)
+        : null;
+  const backendPort = Number(runtimePorts?.backend) > 0 ? Number(runtimePorts.backend) : null;
+  const uiPort =
+    runtimeState?.expo && typeof runtimeState.expo === 'object' && Number(runtimeState.expo.webPort) > 0
+      ? Number(runtimeState.expo.webPort)
+      : null;
+
+  const host = resolveLocalhostHost({ stackMode: true, stackName });
+  const internalServerUrl = serverPort ? `http://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}` : null;
+  const uiUrl = uiPort ? `http://${host}:${uiPort}` : null;
+
+  const componentSpecs = [
+    { component: 'happy', keys: ['HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY'] },
+    { component: 'happy-cli', keys: ['HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_CLI', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_CLI'] },
+    {
+      component: 'happy-server-light',
+      keys: ['HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER_LIGHT'],
+    },
+    { component: 'happy-server', keys: ['HAPPY_STACKS_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER', 'HAPPY_LOCAL_COMPONENT_DIR_HAPPY_SERVER'] },
+  ];
+
+  const components = componentSpecs.map((c) => {
+    const dir = getEnvValueAny(stackEnv, c.keys) || getComponentDir(rootDir, c.component);
+    const spec = worktreeSpecFromDir({ rootDir, component: c.component, dir }) || null;
+    return { component: c.component, dir, worktreeSpec: spec };
+  });
+
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    stackName,
+    baseDir,
+    envPath,
+    runtimeStatePath,
+    serverComponent,
+    stackRemote,
+    pinned: {
+      serverPort: Number.isFinite(pinnedServerPort) && pinnedServerPort > 0 ? pinnedServerPort : null,
+    },
+    runtime: {
+      script: typeof runtimeState?.script === 'string' ? runtimeState.script : null,
+      ownerPid: Number.isFinite(ownerPid) && ownerPid > 1 ? ownerPid : null,
+      running,
+      ports: runtimePorts,
+      expo: runtimeState?.expo ?? null,
+      processes: runtimeState?.processes ?? null,
+      startedAt: runtimeState?.startedAt ?? null,
+      updatedAt: runtimeState?.updatedAt ?? null,
+    },
+    urls: {
+      host,
+      internalServerUrl,
+      uiUrl,
+    },
+    ports: {
+      server: serverPort,
+      backend: backendPort,
+      ui: uiPort,
+    },
+    components,
+  };
+}
+
+async function cmdStackCodeOrCursor({ rootDir, stackName, json, editor, includeStackDir, includeAllComponents, includeCliHome }) {
+  const ws = await writeStackCodeWorkspace({ rootDir, stackName, includeStackDir, includeAllComponents, includeCliHome });
+
+  if (json) {
+    printResult({
+      json,
+      data: {
+        ok: true,
+        stackName,
+        editor,
+        ...ws,
+      },
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await openWorkspaceInEditor({ rootDir, editor, workspacePath: ws.workspacePath });
+  console.log(`[stack] opened ${editor === 'code' ? 'VS Code' : 'Cursor'} workspace for "${stackName}": ${ws.workspacePath}`);
+}
+
+async function cmdStackOpen({ rootDir, stackName, json, includeStackDir, includeAllComponents, includeCliHome }) {
+  const editor = (await isCursorInstalled({ cwd: rootDir, env: process.env })) ? 'cursor' : 'code';
+  await cmdStackCodeOrCursor({ rootDir, stackName, json, editor, includeStackDir, includeAllComponents, includeCliHome });
+}
+
 async function main() {
   const rootDir = getRootDir(import.meta.url);
   // pnpm (legacy) passes an extra leading `--` when forwarding args into scripts. Normalize it away so
@@ -1210,7 +2593,13 @@ async function main() {
   const cmd = positionals[0] || 'help';
   const json = wantsJson(argv, { flags });
 
-  if (wantsHelp(argv, { flags }) || cmd === 'help') {
+  const wantsHelpFlag = wantsHelp(argv, { flags });
+  // Allow subcommand-specific help (so `happys stack pr --help` shows PR stack flags).
+  if (wantsHelpFlag && cmd === 'pr') {
+    await cmdPrStack({ rootDir, argv });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (wantsHelpFlag || cmd === 'help') {
     printResult({
       json,
       data: {
@@ -1220,14 +2609,24 @@ async function main() {
           'list',
           'migrate',
           'audit',
+        'duplicate',
+          'info',
+          'pr',
+          'create-dev-auth-seed',
           'auth',
           'dev',
           'start',
           'build',
           'typecheck',
+          'lint',
+          'test',
           'doctor',
           'mobile',
+          'resume',
           'stop',
+          'code',
+          'cursor',
+          'open',
           'srv',
           'wt',
           'tailscale:*',
@@ -1236,19 +2635,29 @@ async function main() {
       },
       text: [
         '[stack] usage:',
-        '  happys stack new <name> [--port=NNN] [--server=happy-server|happy-server-light] [--happy=default|<owner/...>|<path>] [--happy-cli=...] [--interactive] [--copy-auth-from=main] [--no-copy-auth] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack new <name> [--port=NNN] [--server=happy-server|happy-server-light] [--happy=default|<owner/...>|<path>] [--happy-cli=...] [--interactive] [--copy-auth-from=<stack>] [--no-copy-auth] [--force-port] [--json]',
         '  happys stack edit <name> --interactive [--json]',
         '  happys stack list [--json]',
         '  happys stack migrate [--json]   # copy legacy env files from ~/.happy/local/stacks/* -> ~/.happy/stacks/*',
-        '  happys stack audit [--fix] [--fix-main] [--json]',
-        '  happys stack auth <name> status|login [--json]',
+        '  happys stack audit [--fix] [--fix-main] [--fix-ports] [--fix-workspace] [--fix-paths] [--unpin-ports] [--unpin-ports-except=stack1,stack2] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack duplicate <from> <to> [--duplicate-worktrees] [--deps=none|link|install|link-or-install] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack info <name> [--json]',
+        '  happys stack pr <name> --happy=<pr-url|number> [--happy-cli=<pr-url|number>] [--dev|--start] [--json] [-- ...]',
+        '  happys stack create-dev-auth-seed [name] [--server=happy-server|happy-server-light] [--non-interactive] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack auth <name> status|login|copy-from [--json]',
         '  happys stack dev <name> [-- ...]',
         '  happys stack start <name> [-- ...]',
         '  happys stack build <name> [-- ...]',
         '  happys stack typecheck <name> [component...] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack lint <name> [component...] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack test <name> [component...] [--json]',
         '  happys stack doctor <name> [-- ...]',
         '  happys stack mobile <name> [-- ...]',
-        '  happys stack stop <name> [--aggressive] [--no-docker] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack resume <name> <sessionId...> [--json]',
+        '  happys stack stop <name> [--aggressive] [--sweep-owned] [--no-docker] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack code <name> [--no-stack-dir] [--include-all-components] [--include-cli-home] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack cursor <name> [--no-stack-dir] [--include-all-components] [--include-cli-home] [--json]',
+        '  happys stack open <name> [--no-stack-dir] [--include-all-components] [--include-cli-home] [--json]   # prefer Cursor, else VS Code',
         '  happys stack srv <name> -- status|use ...',
         '  happys stack wt <name> -- <wt args...>',
         '  happys stack tailscale:status|enable|disable|url <name> [-- ...]',
@@ -1272,6 +2681,7 @@ async function main() {
     try {
       const stacksDir = getStacksStorageRoot();
       const legacyStacksDir = join(getLegacyStorageRoot(), 'stacks');
+      const allowLegacy = !isSandboxed() || sandboxAllowsGlobalSideEffects();
       const namesSet = new Set();
       const entries = await readdir(stacksDir, { withFileTypes: true });
       for (const e of entries) {
@@ -1280,10 +2690,12 @@ async function main() {
         namesSet.add(e.name);
       }
       try {
-        const legacyEntries = await readdir(legacyStacksDir, { withFileTypes: true });
-        for (const e of legacyEntries) {
-          if (!e.isDirectory()) continue;
-          namesSet.add(e.name);
+        if (allowLegacy) {
+          const legacyEntries = await readdir(legacyStacksDir, { withFileTypes: true });
+          for (const e of legacyEntries) {
+            if (!e.isDirectory()) continue;
+            namesSet.add(e.name);
+          }
         }
       } catch {
         // ignore
@@ -1308,6 +2720,22 @@ async function main() {
     await cmdAudit({ rootDir, argv });
     return;
   }
+  if (cmd === 'duplicate') {
+    await cmdDuplicate({ rootDir, argv });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (cmd === 'info') {
+    await cmdInfo({ rootDir, argv });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (cmd === 'pr') {
+    await cmdPrStack({ rootDir, argv });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (cmd === 'create-dev-auth-seed') {
+    await cmdCreateDevAuthSeed({ rootDir, argv });
+    return;
+  }
 
   // Commands that need a stack name.
   const stackName = stackNameFromArg(positionals, 1);
@@ -1377,6 +2805,18 @@ async function main() {
     await cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath: 'typecheck.mjs', args: passthrough, extraEnv: overrides });
     return;
   }
+  if (cmd === 'lint') {
+    const { kv } = parseArgs(passthrough);
+    const overrides = resolveTransientComponentOverrides({ rootDir, kv });
+    await cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath: 'lint.mjs', args: passthrough, extraEnv: overrides });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (cmd === 'test') {
+    const { kv } = parseArgs(passthrough);
+    const overrides = resolveTransientComponentOverrides({ rootDir, kv });
+    await cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath: 'test.mjs', args: passthrough, extraEnv: overrides });
+    return;
+  }
   if (cmd === 'doctor') {
     await cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath: 'doctor.mjs', args: passthrough });
     return;
@@ -1385,22 +2825,70 @@ async function main() {
     await cmdRunScript({ rootDir, stackName, scriptPath: 'mobile.mjs', args: passthrough });
     return;
   }
+  if (cmd === 'resume') {
+    const sessionIds = passthrough.filter((a) => a && a !== '--' && !a.startsWith('--'));
+    if (sessionIds.length === 0) {
+      printResult({
+        json,
+        data: { ok: false, error: 'missing_session_ids' },
+        text: [
+          '[stack] usage:',
+          '  happys stack resume <name> <sessionId...>',
+        ].join('\n'),
+      });
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+    const out = await withStackEnv({
+      stackName,
+      fn: async ({ env }) => {
+        const cliDir = getComponentDir(rootDir, 'happy-cli');
+        const happyBin = join(cliDir, 'bin', 'happy.mjs');
+        // Run stack-scoped happy-cli and ask the stack daemon to resume these sessions.
+        return await run(process.execPath, [happyBin, 'daemon', 'resume', ...sessionIds], { cwd: rootDir, env });
+      },
+    });
+    if (json) printResult({ json, data: { ok: true, resumed: sessionIds, out } });
+    return;
+  }
 
   if (cmd === 'stop') {
     const { flags: stopFlags } = parseArgs(passthrough);
     const noDocker = stopFlags.has('--no-docker');
     const aggressive = stopFlags.has('--aggressive');
-    const baseDir = getStackDir(stackName);
+    const sweepOwned = stopFlags.has('--sweep-owned');
+    const baseDir = resolveStackEnvPath(stackName).baseDir;
     const out = await withStackEnv({
       stackName,
       fn: async ({ env }) => {
-        return await stopStackWithEnv({ rootDir, stackName, baseDir, env, json, noDocker, aggressive });
+        return await stopStackWithEnv({ rootDir, stackName, baseDir, env, json, noDocker, aggressive, sweepOwned });
       },
     });
     if (json) printResult({ json, data: { ok: true, stopped: out } });
     return;
   }
 
+  if (cmd === 'code') {
+    const includeStackDir = !flags.has('--no-stack-dir');
+    const includeAllComponents = flags.has('--include-all-components');
+    const includeCliHome = flags.has('--include-cli-home');
+    await cmdStackCodeOrCursor({ rootDir, stackName, json, editor: 'code', includeStackDir, includeAllComponents, includeCliHome });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (cmd === 'cursor') {
+    const includeStackDir = !flags.has('--no-stack-dir');
+    const includeAllComponents = flags.has('--include-all-components');
+    const includeCliHome = flags.has('--include-cli-home');
+    await cmdStackCodeOrCursor({ rootDir, stackName, json, editor: 'cursor', includeStackDir, includeAllComponents, includeCliHome });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (cmd === 'open') {
+    const includeStackDir = !flags.has('--no-stack-dir');
+    const includeAllComponents = flags.has('--include-all-components');
+    const includeCliHome = flags.has('--include-cli-home');
+    await cmdStackOpen({ rootDir, stackName, json, includeStackDir, includeAllComponents, includeCliHome });
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (cmd === 'srv') {
     await cmdSrv({ rootDir, stackName, args: passthrough });
     return;