halt-rate 0.1.0

package/README.md

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+# Halt TypeScript SDK
+
+**Drop-in middleware that enforces consistent rate limits per IP/user/api-key with safe defaults, Redis-backed accuracy, and clean headers.**
+
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+[![TypeScript](https://img.shields.io/badge/TypeScript-5.0+-blue.svg)](https://www.typescriptlang.org/)
+
+## Features
+
+🚀 **Four Rate Limiting Algorithms**
+- Token Bucket (burst-friendly, recommended)
+- Fixed Window (simple, fast)
+- Sliding Window (accurate, memory-intensive)
+- Leaky Bucket (traffic shaping, constant rate)
+
+💾 **Multiple Storage Backends**
+- In-Memory (development, single-threaded)
+- Redis (production, distributed) - Coming soon
+- PostgreSQL (ACID, relational)
+- MongoDB (document store, TTL indexes)
+- DynamoDB (AWS serverless, auto-scaling)
+- Memcached (distributed cache, fast)
+
+🎯 **SaaS-Ready Features**
+- Plan-based rate limiting (FREE, STARTER, PRO, BUSINESS, ENTERPRISE)
+- Quota management (hourly, daily, monthly, yearly)
+- Penalty system (abuse detection, progressive penalties)
+- Telemetry hooks (logging, metrics, observability)
+
+🔧 **Framework Support**
+- Express
+- Next.js (App Router & Pages Router)
+- Next.js Middleware
+
+✨ **Smart Features**
+- Automatic health check exemptions
+- Private IP exemptions
+- Custom exemption lists
+- Weighted endpoints (cost-based limiting)
+- Per-request algorithm override
+- Standard rate limit headers (RateLimit-*, Retry-After)
+
+---
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+npm install halt
+# or
+yarn add halt
+# or
+pnpm add halt
+```
+
+### Optional Dependencies
+
+```bash
+# PostgreSQL support
+npm install pg
+
+# MongoDB support
+npm install mongodb
+
+# DynamoDB support
+npm install @aws-sdk/client-dynamodb @aws-sdk/util-dynamodb
+
+# Memcached support
+npm install memcached
+```
+
+---
+
+## Storage Backends
+
+### In-Memory (Development)
+
+```typescript
+import { InMemoryStore } from 'halt';
+
+const store = new InMemoryStore();
+```
+
+### PostgreSQL
+
+```typescript
+import { PostgresStore } from 'halt/stores/postgres';
+
+const store = new PostgresStore({
+  host: 'localhost',
+  port: 5432,
+  database: 'mydb',
+  user: 'user',
+  password: 'password',
+  tableName: 'rate_limits', // optional
+});
+```
+
+### MongoDB
+
+```typescript
+import { MongoDBStore } from 'halt/stores/mongodb';
+
+const store = new MongoDBStore({
+  connectionString: 'mongodb://localhost:27017',
+  database: 'halt',
+  collection: 'rate_limits',
+});
+```
+
+### DynamoDB
+
+```typescript
+import { DynamoDBStore } from 'halt/stores/dynamodb';
+
+const store = new DynamoDBStore({
+  tableName: 'rate_limits',
+  region: 'us-east-1',
+});
+```
+
+### Memcached
+
+```typescript
+import { MemcachedStore } from 'halt/stores/memcached';
+
+const store = new MemcachedStore({
+  servers: 'localhost:11211',
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## SaaS Features
+
+### Plan-Based Rate Limiting
+
+```typescript
+import { getPlanPolicy, PLAN_FREE, PLAN_PRO, PLAN_ENTERPRISE } from 'halt';
+
+// Use plan-based presets
+const freePolicy = PLAN_FREE;          // 100 req/hour
+const proPolicy = PLAN_PRO;            // 2000 req/hour
+const enterprisePolicy = PLAN_ENTERPRISE;  // 20000 req/hour
+
+// Get policy by plan name
+const policy = getPlanPolicy('pro');
+
+// Dynamic policy resolution
+function getUserPolicy(user: User) {
+  return getPlanPolicy(user.plan);
+}
+```
+
+### Quota Management
+
+```typescript
+import { QuotaManager, Quota, QuotaPeriod } from 'halt/core/quota';
+
+const quotaManager = new QuotaManager(store);
+
+const monthlyQuota: Quota = {
+  name: 'api_calls',
+  limit: 100000,
+  period: QuotaPeriod.MONTHLY,
+};
+
+// Check quota
+const { allowed, quota: currentQuota } = await quotaManager.checkQuota(
+  'user_123',
+  monthlyQuota
+);
+
+if (allowed) {
+  // Consume quota
+  await quotaManager.consumeQuota('user_123', monthlyQuota, 1);
+} else {
+  console.log(`Quota exceeded. Resets at: ${currentQuota.resetAt}`);
+}
+```
+
+### Penalty System
+
+```typescript
+import { PenaltyManager, PENALTY_MODERATE } from 'halt/core/penalty';
+
+const penaltyManager = new PenaltyManager(store, PENALTY_MODERATE);
+
+// Record violation
+const penalty = await penaltyManager.recordViolation('user_123', 1.0);
+
+// Check penalty status
+if (penaltyManager.isActive(penalty)) {
+  console.log(`User penalized until: ${penalty.penaltyUntil}`);
+  console.log(`Abuse score: ${penalty.abuseScore}`);
+}
+```
+
+### Telemetry & Observability
+
+```typescript
+import { LoggingTelemetry, MetricsTelemetry, CompositeTelemetry } from 'halt/core/telemetry';
+
+// Logging telemetry
+const telemetry = new LoggingTelemetry(console);
+
+// Metrics telemetry (with your metrics client)
+class CustomMetrics {
+  increment(metric: string, tags?: any) { /* ... */ }
+  gauge(metric: string, value: number, tags?: any) { /* ... */ }
+}
+
+const metricsTelemetry = new MetricsTelemetry(new CustomMetrics());
+
+// Combine multiple telemetry hooks
+const compositeTelemetry = new CompositeTelemetry([
+  new LoggingTelemetry(console),
+  metricsTelemetry,
+]);
+
+// Use with limiter
+const limiter = new RateLimiter({
+  store,
+  policy,
+  telemetry: compositeTelemetry,
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Express
+
+```typescript
+import express from 'express';
+import { RateLimiter, InMemoryStore, presets } from 'halt';
+import { haltMiddleware } from 'halt/express';
+
+const app = express();
+
+const limiter = new RateLimiter({
+  store: new InMemoryStore(),
+  policy: presets.PUBLIC_API,  // 100 req/min
+});
+
+app.use(haltMiddleware({ limiter }));
+
+app.get('/', (req, res) => {
+  res.json({ message: 'Hello World' });
+});
+
+app.listen(3000);
+```
+
+### Next.js App Router
+
+```typescript
+// app/api/data/route.ts
+import { withHalt } from 'halt/next';
+import { InMemoryStore, presets } from 'halt';
+
+const store = new InMemoryStore();
+
+async function handler(req: Request) {
+  return Response.json({ message: 'Hello World' });
+}
+
+export const GET = withHalt(handler, {
+  store,
+  policy: presets.PUBLIC_API,
+});
+```
+
+### Next.js Middleware
+
+```typescript
+// middleware.ts
+import { haltMiddleware } from 'halt/next';
+import { InMemoryStore, presets } from 'halt';
+
+export default haltMiddleware({
+  store: new InMemoryStore(),
+  policy: presets.PUBLIC_API,
+});
+
+export const config = {
+  matcher: '/api/:path*',
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+## Preset Policies
+
+Halt comes with battle-tested presets:
+
+```typescript
+import { presets } from 'halt';
+
+// Public API - moderate limits
+presets.PUBLIC_API
+// 100 requests/minute, burst: 120
+
+// Authentication endpoints - strict
+presets.AUTH_ENDPOINTS
+// 5 requests/minute, burst: 10, 5min cooldown
+
+// Expensive operations - very strict
+presets.EXPENSIVE_OPS
+// 10 requests/hour, burst: 15, cost: 10
+
+// Strict API - for sensitive ops
+presets.STRICT_API
+// 20 requests/minute, burst: 25
+
+// Generous API - for internal services
+presets.GENEROUS_API
+// 1000 requests/minute, burst: 1200
+```
+
+---
+
+## Custom Policies
+
+### Basic Custom Policy
+
+```typescript
+import { Policy, KeyStrategy, Algorithm } from 'halt';
+
+const customPolicy: Policy = {
+  name: 'custom',
+  limit: 50,
+  window: 60,  // 1 minute
+  burst: 60,
+  algorithm: Algorithm.TOKEN_BUCKET,
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.IP,
+};
+```
+
+### Advanced Examples
+
+#### Rate Limit by User
+
+```typescript
+const userPolicy: Policy = {
+  name: 'per_user',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 3600,  // 1 hour
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.USER,
+};
+```
+
+#### Rate Limit by API Key
+
+```typescript
+const apiPolicy: Policy = {
+  name: 'per_api_key',
+  limit: 1000,
+  window: 60,
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.API_KEY,
+};
+```
+
+#### Composite Keys (User + IP)
+
+```typescript
+const compositePolicy: Policy = {
+  name: 'user_and_ip',
+  limit: 50,
+  window: 60,
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.COMPOSITE,
+};
+```
+
+#### Weighted Endpoints
+
+```typescript
+const expensivePolicy: Policy = {
+  name: 'llm_endpoint',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 3600,
+  cost: 10,  // Each request costs 10 tokens
+  algorithm: Algorithm.TOKEN_BUCKET,
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+## Algorithms
+
+### Token Bucket (Recommended)
+
+Best for most use cases. Handles bursts naturally while maintaining average rate.
+
+```typescript
+import { Policy, Algorithm } from 'halt';
+
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'token_bucket',
+  limit: 100,        // 100 tokens per window
+  window: 60,        // 1 minute
+  burst: 120,        // Allow bursts up to 120
+  algorithm: Algorithm.TOKEN_BUCKET,
+};
+```
+
+**Pros:**
+- ✅ Handles burst traffic naturally
+- ✅ Smooth rate limiting
+- ✅ Low memory usage
+
+**Cons:**
+- ❌ Slightly more complex than fixed window
+
+### Fixed Window
+
+Simple and fast. Good for strict limits.
+
+```typescript
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'fixed_window',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 60,
+  algorithm: Algorithm.FIXED_WINDOW,
+};
+```
+
+**Pros:**
+- ✅ Very simple
+- ✅ Low memory usage
+- ✅ Fast
+
+**Cons:**
+- ❌ Can allow 2x limit at window boundaries
+- ❌ No burst handling
+
+### Sliding Window
+
+Most accurate but uses more memory.
+
+```typescript
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'sliding_window',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 60,
+  algorithm: Algorithm.SLIDING_WINDOW,
+};
+```
+
+**Pros:**
+- ✅ Most accurate
+- ✅ No boundary issues
+
+**Cons:**
+- ❌ Higher memory usage
+- ❌ Slightly slower
+
+### Leaky Bucket
+
+Traffic shaping with constant processing rate.
+
+```typescript
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'leaky_bucket',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 60,
+  burst: 120,
+  algorithm: Algorithm.LEAKY_BUCKET,
+};
+```
+
+**Pros:**
+- ✅ Smooth traffic shaping
+- ✅ Predictable behavior
+
+**Cons:**
+- ❌ May delay legitimate bursts
+
+**Use case:** Strict QoS requirements, traffic shaping
+
+---
+
+## Key Strategies
+
+### IP-based (Default)
+
+```typescript
+import { Policy, KeyStrategy, RateLimiter } from 'halt';
+
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'per_ip',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 60,
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.IP,
+};
+
+// With trusted proxies (for X-Forwarded-For)
+const limiter = new RateLimiter({
+  store,
+  policy,
+  trustedProxies: ['10.0.0.0/8', '172.16.0.0/12'],
+});
+```
+
+### User-based
+
+```typescript
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'per_user',
+  limit: 1000,
+  window: 3600,
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.USER,
+};
+```
+
+Extracts user ID from:
+- `request.user.id`
+- `request.userId`
+
+### API Key-based
+
+```typescript
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'per_api_key',
+  limit: 5000,
+  window: 3600,
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.API_KEY,
+};
+```
+
+Extracts API key from headers:
+- `X-API-Key`
+- `Authorization` (including Bearer tokens)
+
+### Custom Key Extraction
+
+```typescript
+function extractOrgId(request: any): string | null {
+  return request.headers['x-organization-id'] || null;
+}
+
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'per_org',
+  limit: 10000,
+  window: 3600,
+  keyStrategy: KeyStrategy.CUSTOM,
+  keyExtractor: extractOrgId,
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+## Exemptions
+
+### Automatic Exemptions
+
+Halt automatically exempts:
+
+**Health Checks:**
+- `/health`
+- `/ping`
+- `/ready`
+- `/healthz`
+- `/livez`
+
+**Private IPs:**
+- `127.0.0.1` (localhost)
+- `10.0.0.0/8`
+- `172.16.0.0/12`
+- `192.168.0.0/16`
+
+### Custom Exemptions
+
+```typescript
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'custom',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 60,
+  exemptions: [
+    '/admin',           // Path exemption
+    '/internal',        // Another path
+    '192.168.1.100',   // IP exemption
+  ],
+};
+
+// Disable private IP exemptions
+const limiter = new RateLimiter({
+  store,
+  policy,
+  exemptPrivateIps: false,
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## Per-Route Rate Limiting
+
+### Express - Route-Specific
+
+```typescript
+import { createLimiter } from 'halt/express';
+
+const publicLimiter = new RateLimiter({ store, policy: presets.PUBLIC_API });
+const authLimiter = new RateLimiter({ store, policy: presets.AUTH_ENDPOINTS });
+
+app.get('/api/data', createLimiter(publicLimiter), (req, res) => {
+  res.json({ data: '...' });
+});
+
+app.post('/auth/login', createLimiter(authLimiter), (req, res) => {
+  res.json({ token: '...' });
+});
+```
+
+### Next.js - Multiple Policies
+
+```typescript
+// app/api/data/route.ts
+import { withPolicy } from 'halt/next';
+import { InMemoryStore, presets } from 'halt';
+
+const store = new InMemoryStore();
+
+async function handler(req: Request) {
+  return Response.json({ data: '...' });
+}
+
+export const GET = withPolicy(handler, presets.PUBLIC_API, store);
+```
+
+```typescript
+// app/api/auth/login/route.ts
+import { withPolicy } from 'halt/next';
+import { InMemoryStore, presets } from 'halt';
+
+const store = new InMemoryStore();
+
+async function handler(req: Request) {
+  return Response.json({ token: '...' });
+}
+
+export const POST = withPolicy(handler, presets.AUTH_ENDPOINTS, store);
+```
+
+---
+
+## Response Headers
+
+All responses include standard rate limit headers:
+
+```http
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+RateLimit-Limit: 100
+RateLimit-Remaining: 95
+RateLimit-Reset: 1708024800
+```
+
+When rate limited (429):
+
+```http
+HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
+RateLimit-Limit: 100
+RateLimit-Remaining: 0
+RateLimit-Reset: 1708024860
+Retry-After: 42
+
+{
+  "error": "rate_limit_exceeded",
+  "message": "Too many requests. Please try again later.",
+  "retryAfter": 42
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Usage
+
+### Dynamic Cost per Request
+
+```typescript
+// Next.js API Route
+import { RateLimiter, InMemoryStore, presets } from 'halt';
+
+const limiter = new RateLimiter({
+  store: new InMemoryStore(),
+  policy: presets.EXPENSIVE_OPS,
+});
+
+export async function POST(req: Request) {
+  const body = await req.json();
+  const promptLength = body.prompt?.length || 0;
+  
+  // Calculate cost based on request
+  const cost = Math.max(1, Math.floor(promptLength / 100));
+  
+  // Check with custom cost
+  const decision = limiter.check(req, cost);
+  
+  if (!decision.allowed) {
+    return Response.json(
+      {
+        error: 'rate_limit_exceeded',
+        message: 'Too many requests',
+        retryAfter: decision.retryAfter,
+      },
+      { status: 429 }
+    );
+  }
+  
+  return Response.json({ response: '...' });
+}
+```
+
+### Multiple Policies (Express)
+
+```typescript
+import express from 'express';
+import { RateLimiter, InMemoryStore, presets } from 'halt';
+import { haltMiddleware, createLimiter } from 'halt/express';
+
+const app = express();
+
+// Global rate limit
+const globalLimiter = new RateLimiter({
+  store: new InMemoryStore(),
+  policy: presets.GENEROUS_API,
+});
+app.use(haltMiddleware({ limiter: globalLimiter }));
+
+// Endpoint-specific limits
+const authLimiter = new RateLimiter({
+  store: new InMemoryStore(),
+  policy: presets.AUTH_ENDPOINTS,
+});
+
+app.post('/auth/login', createLimiter(authLimiter), (req, res) => {
+  // This endpoint has BOTH global AND auth limits
+  res.json({ token: '...' });
+});
+```
+
+### Custom Blocked Response
+
+```typescript
+import { haltMiddleware } from 'halt/express';
+
+app.use(haltMiddleware({
+  limiter,
+  onBlocked: (req, res) => {
+    res.status(429).json({
+      error: 'RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED',
+      message: 'Slow down! Try again later.',
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+    });
+  },
+}));
+```
+
+---
+
+## Testing
+
+```typescript
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { RateLimiter, InMemoryStore, Policy, Algorithm } from 'halt';
+
+describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+  it('should block after limit exceeded', () => {
+    const policy: Policy = {
+      name: 'test',
+      limit: 5,
+      window: 60,
+      algorithm: Algorithm.TOKEN_BUCKET,
+    };
+    
+    const limiter = new RateLimiter({
+      store: new InMemoryStore(),
+      policy,
+    });
+    
+    // Mock request
+    const request = {
+      socket: { remoteAddress: '127.0.0.1' },
+      headers: {},
+    };
+    
+    // First 5 requests should succeed
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      const decision = limiter.check(request);
+      expect(decision.allowed).toBe(true);
+    }
+    
+    // 6th request should be blocked
+    const decision = limiter.check(request);
+    expect(decision.allowed).toBe(false);
+    expect(decision.retryAfter).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Rate limits not working?
+
+1. **Check if request is exempted:**
+   - Health check paths are auto-exempted
+   - Private IPs are auto-exempted (disable with `exemptPrivateIps: false`)
+
+2. **Verify key extraction:**
+   ```typescript
+   // Debug key extraction
+   const key = (limiter as any).extractKey(request);
+   console.log('Rate limit key:', key);
+   ```
+
+3. **Check storage:**
+   - InMemoryStore doesn't persist across restarts
+   - Each process has its own memory store
+
+### Headers not appearing?
+
+Make sure middleware is added correctly and responses are going through the middleware chain.
+
+### Different limits for same IP?
+
+You might be using different policy names. Each policy maintains separate counters:
+
+```typescript
+// These are SEPARATE limits
+const policy1: Policy = { name: 'api_v1', limit: 100, window: 60 };
+const policy2: Policy = { name: 'api_v2', limit: 100, window: 60 };
+```
+
+---
+
+## Performance
+
+| Algorithm | Throughput | Memory | Accuracy |
+|-----------|-----------|--------|----------|
+| Token Bucket | ~100k req/s | Low | High |
+| Fixed Window | ~120k req/s | Very Low | Medium |
+| Sliding Window | ~80k req/s | Medium | Very High |
+| Leaky Bucket | ~90k req/s | Low | High |
+
+*Benchmarks on M1 Mac, in-memory storage*
+
+All algorithms use O(1) memory per key (except Sliding Window which uses O(precision) per key).
+
+---
+
+## TypeScript Support
+
+Halt is written in TypeScript and provides full type safety:
+
+```typescript
+import type { Policy, Decision, RateLimiterOptions } from 'halt';
+
+const policy: Policy = {
+  name: 'typed',
+  limit: 100,
+  window: 60,
+};
+
+const decision: Decision = limiter.check(request);
+```
+
+---
+
+## License
+
+MIT
+
+---
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions welcome! Please open an issue or PR on GitHub.
+
+---
+
+## Roadmap
+
+### v0.3 (Current)
+- ✅ Token Bucket algorithm
+- ✅ Fixed Window algorithm
+- ✅ Sliding Window algorithm
+- ✅ Leaky Bucket algorithm
+- ✅ In-memory storage
+- ✅ PostgreSQL storage
+- ✅ MongoDB storage
+- ✅ DynamoDB storage
+- ✅ Memcached storage
+- ✅ Quota system
+- ✅ Penalty system
+- ✅ Telemetry hooks
+- ✅ Plan-based presets
+- ⏳ Redis storage
+
+### v0.4 (Next)
+- OpenTelemetry integration
+- Distributed global limits
+- Idempotent response mode
+- Enhanced metrics and dashboards
+
+### v1.0 (Future)
+- Adaptive limits
+- Advanced abuse detection
+- Multi-region support
+- GraphQL support