gthinking 1.0.0

package/reasoning.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1019 @@
+/**
+ * Reasoning Module
+ * Advanced logical reasoning with Chain of Thought, hypothesis testing, and multi-step problem solving
+ */
+
+import {
+  ReasoningSession,
+  ReasoningStep,
+  ReasoningType,
+  Hypothesis,
+  HypothesisTest,
+  ChainOfThought,
+  ThoughtNode,
+  ProblemDecomposition,
+  SubProblem,
+  Dependency,
+  Evidence,
+  TaskStatus,
+  ThinkingEvent,
+  ThinkingError,
+  ThinkingStage
+} from './types';
+import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
+
+// ============================================================================
+// LOGICAL RULES ENGINE
+// ============================================================================
+
+interface Rule {
+  id: string;
+  premises: string[];
+  conclusion: string;
+  confidence: number;
+  domain: string;
+}
+
+class LogicalRulesEngine {
+  private rules: Map<string, Rule> = new Map();
+
+  addRule(rule: Rule): void {
+    this.rules.set(rule.id, rule);
+  }
+
+  infer(facts: string[]): Array<{ conclusion: string; confidence: number; rule: Rule }> {
+    const inferences: Array<{ conclusion: string; confidence: number; rule: Rule }> = [];
+
+    this.rules.forEach(rule => {
+      const premisesMet = rule.premises.every(premise => 
+        facts.some(fact => this.match(fact, premise))
+      );
+
+      if (premisesMet) {
+        inferences.push({
+          conclusion: rule.conclusion,
+          confidence: rule.confidence,
+          rule
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    return inferences.sort((a, b) => b.confidence - a.confidence);
+  }
+
+  private match(fact: string, premise: string): boolean {
+    // Simple pattern matching - in real implementation use NLP
+    const factWords = fact.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/);
+    const premiseWords = premise.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/);
+    
+    const matchCount = premiseWords.filter(pw => 
+      factWords.some(fw => fw.includes(pw) || pw.includes(fw))
+    ).length;
+
+    return matchCount / premiseWords.length > 0.7;
+  }
+
+  getRulesByDomain(domain: string): Rule[] {
+    return Array.from(this.rules.values()).filter(r => r.domain === domain);
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// CHAIN OF THOUGHT GENERATOR
+// ============================================================================
+
+class ChainOfThoughtGenerator {
+  private thoughtId = 0;
+
+  generate(question: string, maxDepth: number = 5): ChainOfThought {
+    const thoughts: ThoughtNode[] = [];
+    const rootThought: ThoughtNode = {
+      id: this.nextThoughtId(),
+      content: question,
+      children: [],
+      depth: 0,
+      confidence: 1.0,
+      type: 'question'
+    };
+    thoughts.push(rootThought);
+
+    // Generate thought chain
+    this.expandThought(rootThought, thoughts, maxDepth, 0);
+
+    // Generate final answer based on thought chain
+    const finalAnswer = this.synthesizeAnswer(thoughts);
+
+    return {
+      id: `cot_${Date.now()}`,
+      initialQuestion: question,
+      thoughts,
+      finalAnswer,
+      completeness: this.calculateCompleteness(thoughts)
+    };
+  }
+
+  private expandThought(
+    parent: ThoughtNode,
+    thoughts: ThoughtNode[],
+    maxDepth: number,
+    currentDepth: number
+  ): void {
+    if (currentDepth >= maxDepth) return;
+
+    const expansions = this.generateExpansions(parent, currentDepth);
+    
+    expansions.forEach(expansion => {
+      const child: ThoughtNode = {
+        id: this.nextThoughtId(),
+        content: expansion.content,
+        parentId: parent.id,
+        children: [],
+        depth: currentDepth + 1,
+        confidence: expansion.confidence * parent.confidence,
+        type: expansion.type
+      };
+      
+      parent.children.push(child.id);
+      thoughts.push(child);
+
+      // Recursively expand if it's an observation or inference
+      if (expansion.type === 'observation' || expansion.type === 'inference') {
+        this.expandThought(child, thoughts, maxDepth, currentDepth + 1);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  private generateExpansions(thought: ThoughtNode, depth: number): Array<{ content: string; type: ThoughtNode['type']; confidence: number }> {
+    const expansions: Array<{ content: string; type: ThoughtNode['type']; confidence: number }> = [];
+    const content = thought.content.toLowerCase();
+
+    // Generate contextual expansions based on thought type
+    if (thought.type === 'question') {
+      expansions.push(
+        { content: `Let me break down this question into parts.`, type: 'observation', confidence: 0.9 },
+        { content: `What are the key elements involved?`, type: 'observation', confidence: 0.85 },
+        { content: `What do I already know about this?`, type: 'observation', confidence: 0.8 }
+      );
+    } else if (thought.type === 'observation') {
+      expansions.push(
+        { content: `This suggests that...`, type: 'inference', confidence: 0.75 },
+        { content: `One implication is...`, type: 'inference', confidence: 0.7 },
+        { content: `However, we must also consider...`, type: 'observation', confidence: 0.65 }
+      );
+    } else if (thought.type === 'inference') {
+      if (depth < 3) {
+        expansions.push(
+          { content: `Building on this inference...`, type: 'inference', confidence: 0.7 },
+          { content: `This leads to the conclusion that...`, type: 'conclusion', confidence: 0.8 }
+        );
+      } else {
+        expansions.push(
+          { content: `Therefore, we can conclude...`, type: 'conclusion', confidence: 0.85 }
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    return expansions;
+  }
+
+  private synthesizeAnswer(thoughts: ThoughtNode[]): string {
+    const conclusions = thoughts.filter(t => t.type === 'conclusion');
+    const inferences = thoughts.filter(t => t.type === 'inference');
+
+    if (conclusions.length > 0) {
+      const topConclusion = conclusions.sort((a, b) => b.confidence - a.confidence)[0];
+      return topConclusion.content + ' Based on the analysis: ' + 
+             inferences.slice(0, 3).map(i => i.content).join('; ') + '.';
+    }
+
+    return 'Based on the analysis: ' + inferences.slice(0, 3).map(i => i.content).join('; ') + '.';
+  }
+
+  private calculateCompleteness(thoughts: ThoughtNode[]): number {
+    const hasQuestion = thoughts.some(t => t.type === 'question');
+    const hasObservations = thoughts.some(t => t.type === 'observation');
+    const hasInferences = thoughts.some(t => t.type === 'inference');
+    const hasConclusions = thoughts.some(t => t.type === 'conclusion');
+
+    const elements = [hasQuestion, hasObservations, hasInferences, hasConclusions];
+    return elements.filter(Boolean).length / elements.length;
+  }
+
+  private nextThoughtId(): string {
+    return `thought_${++this.thoughtId}`;
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// HYPOTHESIS MANAGER
+// ============================================================================
+
+class HypothesisManager {
+  private hypotheses: Map<string, Hypothesis> = new Map();
+
+  createHypothesis(statement: string): Hypothesis {
+    const hypothesis: Hypothesis = {
+      id: `hypothesis_${Date.now()}`,
+      statement,
+      supportingEvidence: [],
+      contradictingEvidence: [],
+      tests: [],
+      status: 'proposed',
+      confidence: 0.5
+    };
+
+    this.hypotheses.set(hypothesis.id, hypothesis);
+    return hypothesis;
+  }
+
+  addEvidence(hypothesisId: string, evidence: Evidence, supporting: boolean): void {
+    const hypothesis = this.hypotheses.get(hypothesisId);
+    if (!hypothesis) throw new Error(`Hypothesis ${hypothesisId} not found`);
+
+    if (supporting) {
+      hypothesis.supportingEvidence.push(evidence);
+    } else {
+      hypothesis.contradictingEvidence.push(evidence);
+    }
+
+    this.updateConfidence(hypothesis);
+  }
+
+  addTest(hypothesisId: string, test: HypothesisTest): void {
+    const hypothesis = this.hypotheses.get(hypothesisId);
+    if (!hypothesis) throw new Error(`Hypothesis ${hypothesisId} not found`);
+
+    hypothesis.tests.push(test);
+  }
+
+  runTest(hypothesisId: string, testId: string, outcome: string): void {
+    const hypothesis = this.hypotheses.get(hypothesisId);
+    if (!hypothesis) throw new Error(`Hypothesis ${hypothesisId} not found`);
+
+    const test = hypothesis.tests.find(t => t.id === testId);
+    if (!test) throw new Error(`Test ${testId} not found`);
+
+    test.actualOutcome = outcome;
+    test.passed = outcome === test.expectedOutcome;
+
+    this.updateStatus(hypothesis);
+  }
+
+  private updateConfidence(hypothesis: Hypothesis): void {
+    const supportWeight = hypothesis.supportingEvidence.reduce((sum, e) => sum + e.strength, 0);
+    const contradictWeight = hypothesis.contradictingEvidence.reduce((sum, e) => sum + e.strength, 0);
+    
+    const totalWeight = supportWeight + contradictWeight;
+    if (totalWeight === 0) {
+      hypothesis.confidence = 0.5;
+    } else {
+      hypothesis.confidence = supportWeight / totalWeight;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private updateStatus(hypothesis: Hypothesis): void {
+    const completedTests = hypothesis.tests.filter(t => t.passed !== undefined);
+    const passedTests = completedTests.filter(t => t.passed);
+
+    if (completedTests.length === 0) {
+      hypothesis.status = 'testing';
+    } else if (passedTests.length === completedTests.length && hypothesis.confidence > 0.8) {
+      hypothesis.status = 'confirmed';
+    } else if (passedTests.length === 0 && completedTests.length > 2) {
+      hypothesis.status = 'rejected';
+    } else {
+      hypothesis.status = 'testing';
+    }
+  }
+
+  getHypothesis(id: string): Hypothesis | undefined {
+    return this.hypotheses.get(id);
+  }
+
+  getAllHypotheses(): Hypothesis[] {
+    return Array.from(this.hypotheses.values());
+  }
+
+  getHypothesesByStatus(status: Hypothesis['status']): Hypothesis[] {
+    return this.getAllHypotheses().filter(h => h.status === status);
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION ENGINE
+// ============================================================================
+
+class ProblemDecompositionEngine {
+  decompose(problem: string): ProblemDecomposition {
+    const subProblems: SubProblem[] = [];
+    const dependencies: Dependency[] = [];
+
+    // Analyze problem structure
+    const problemParts = this.identifyProblemParts(problem);
+    
+    // Create sub-problems
+    problemParts.forEach((part, index) => {
+      const subProblem: SubProblem = {
+        id: `sub_${index}`,
+        description: part.description,
+        difficulty: part.difficulty,
+        estimatedTime: part.estimatedTime,
+        prerequisites: [],
+        status: TaskStatus.PENDING
+      };
+      subProblems.push(subProblem);
+    });
+
+    // Identify dependencies
+    subProblems.forEach((sub, i) => {
+      subProblems.forEach((other, j) => {
+        if (i !== j && this.hasDependency(sub, other)) {
+          dependencies.push({
+            from: sub.id,
+            to: other.id,
+            type: 'requires'
+          });
+          sub.prerequisites.push(other.id);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Determine solution strategy
+    const solutionStrategy = this.determineStrategy(subProblems, dependencies);
+
+    return {
+      id: `decomp_${Date.now()}`,
+      originalProblem: problem,
+      subProblems,
+      dependencies,
+      solutionStrategy
+    };
+  }
+
+  private identifyProblemParts(problem: string): Array<{ description: string; difficulty: number; estimatedTime: number }> {
+    const parts: Array<{ description: string; difficulty: number; estimatedTime: number }> = [];
+    
+    // Simple decomposition based on keywords
+    const keywords = {
+      research: { difficulty: 0.7, time: 120 },
+      analyze: { difficulty: 0.6, time: 90 },
+      design: { difficulty: 0.8, time: 180 },
+      implement: { difficulty: 0.75, time: 240 },
+      test: { difficulty: 0.5, time: 60 },
+      optimize: { difficulty: 0.85, time: 150 },
+      evaluate: { difficulty: 0.55, time: 45 },
+      plan: { difficulty: 0.4, time: 30 }
+    };
+
+    const problemLower = problem.toLowerCase();
+    
+    Object.entries(keywords).forEach(([keyword, config]) => {
+      if (problemLower.includes(keyword)) {
+        parts.push({
+          description: `${keyword.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + keyword.slice(1)} phase of the problem`,
+          difficulty: config.difficulty,
+          estimatedTime: config.time
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    // If no specific parts identified, create generic ones
+    if (parts.length === 0) {
+      parts.push(
+        { description: 'Understand the problem', difficulty: 0.4, estimatedTime: 30 },
+        { description: 'Research and gather information', difficulty: 0.6, estimatedTime: 60 },
+        { description: 'Develop solution approach', difficulty: 0.7, estimatedTime: 90 },
+        { description: 'Implement the solution', difficulty: 0.75, estimatedTime: 120 },
+        { description: 'Verify and validate', difficulty: 0.5, estimatedTime: 45 }
+      );
+    }
+
+    return parts;
+  }
+
+  private hasDependency(sub1: SubProblem, sub2: SubProblem): boolean {
+    // Check if sub1 requires sub2 based on description
+    const orderIndicators: Record<string, string[]> = {
+      'understand': [],
+      'research': ['understand'],
+      'design': ['research', 'understand'],
+      'implement': ['design', 'research'],
+      'test': ['implement'],
+      'optimize': ['test', 'implement'],
+      'evaluate': ['test', 'implement', 'optimize'],
+      'plan': ['understand', 'research']
+    };
+
+    const sub1Keywords = Object.keys(orderIndicators).filter(k => 
+      sub1.description.toLowerCase().includes(k)
+    );
+    const sub2Keywords = Object.keys(orderIndicators).filter(k => 
+      sub2.description.toLowerCase().includes(k)
+    );
+
+    return sub1Keywords.some(k1 => 
+      sub2Keywords.some(k2 => orderIndicators[k1]?.includes(k2))
+    );
+  }
+
+  private determineStrategy(subProblems: SubProblem[], dependencies: Dependency[]): string {
+    const criticalPath = this.findCriticalPath(subProblems, dependencies);
+    const totalTime = subProblems.reduce((sum, sp) => sum + sp.estimatedTime, 0);
+    const avgDifficulty = subProblems.reduce((sum, sp) => sum + sp.difficulty, 0) / subProblems.length;
+
+    if (avgDifficulty > 0.7) {
+      return `Divide-and-conquer approach recommended. Tackle critical path first: ${criticalPath.join(' → ')}. Estimated total time: ${totalTime} minutes.`;
+    } else if (dependencies.length > subProblems.length) {
+      return `Sequential approach with careful dependency management. Start with: ${criticalPath[0]}.`;
+    } else {
+      return `Parallel processing possible. Focus on: ${criticalPath.join(', ')}.`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private findCriticalPath(subProblems: SubProblem[], dependencies: Dependency[]): string[] {
+    // Simplified critical path - in real implementation use topological sort
+    const visited = new Set<string>();
+    const path: string[] = [];
+
+    const visit = (subId: string) => {
+      if (visited.has(subId)) return;
+      visited.add(subId);
+
+      const prereqs = dependencies
+        .filter(d => d.to === subId && d.type === 'requires')
+        .map(d => d.from);
+
+      prereqs.forEach(visit);
+
+      const sub = subProblems.find(s => s.id === subId);
+      if (sub) path.push(sub.description);
+    };
+
+    subProblems.forEach(sp => visit(sp.id));
+
+    return path.length > 0 ? path : subProblems.map(s => s.description);
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// REASONING ENGINE
+// ============================================================================
+
+export class ReasoningEngine extends EventEmitter {
+  private rulesEngine: LogicalRulesEngine;
+  private cotGenerator: ChainOfThoughtGenerator;
+  private hypothesisManager: HypothesisManager;
+  private decompositionEngine: ProblemDecompositionEngine;
+  private sessions: Map<string, ReasoningSession> = new Map();
+
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+    this.rulesEngine = new LogicalRulesEngine();
+    this.cotGenerator = new ChainOfThoughtGenerator();
+    this.hypothesisManager = new HypothesisManager();
+    this.decompositionEngine = new ProblemDecompositionEngine();
+    this.initializeDefaultRules();
+  }
+
+  private initializeDefaultRules(): void {
+    // Add some default logical rules
+    this.rulesEngine.addRule({
+      id: 'rule_cause_effect',
+      premises: ['A causes B', 'A occurred'],
+      conclusion: 'B will occur',
+      confidence: 0.8,
+      domain: 'causality'
+    });
+
+    this.rulesEngine.addRule({
+      id: 'rule_generalization',
+      premises: ['All X are Y', 'Z is X'],
+      conclusion: 'Z is Y',
+      confidence: 0.95,
+      domain: 'logic'
+    });
+
+    this.rulesEngine.addRule({
+      id: 'rule_analogy',
+      premises: ['A is similar to B', 'A has property P'],
+      conclusion: 'B likely has property P',
+      confidence: 0.7,
+      domain: 'analogy'
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform reasoning on a problem
+   */
+  async reason(
+    problem: string,
+    options: {
+      type?: ReasoningType;
+      maxSteps?: number;
+      generateCOT?: boolean;
+    } = {}
+  ): Promise<ReasoningSession> {
+    const {
+      type = ReasoningType.DEDUCTIVE,
+      maxSteps = 5,
+      generateCOT = true
+    } = options;
+
+    const sessionId = this.generateId();
+    const startTime = Date.now();
+
+    const session: ReasoningSession = {
+      id: sessionId,
+      problem,
+      type,
+      steps: [],
+      confidence: 0,
+      startTime: new Date()
+    };
+
+    this.sessions.set(sessionId, session);
+
+    this.emit('reasoning_start', {
+      id: sessionId,
+      stage: ThinkingStage.REASONING,
+      timestamp: new Date(),
+      data: { problem, type }
+    } as ThinkingEvent);
+
+    try {
+      // Generate Chain of Thought if enabled
+      let cot: ChainOfThought | undefined;
+      if (generateCOT) {
+        cot = this.cotGenerator.generate(problem, maxSteps);
+      }
+
+      // Execute reasoning based on type
+      switch (type) {
+        case ReasoningType.DEDUCTIVE:
+          await this.executeDeductiveReasoning(session, maxSteps);
+          break;
+        case ReasoningType.INDUCTIVE:
+          await this.executeInductiveReasoning(session, maxSteps);
+          break;
+        case ReasoningType.ABDUCTIVE:
+          await this.executeAbductiveReasoning(session, maxSteps);
+          break;
+        case ReasoningType.ANALOGICAL:
+          await this.executeAnalogicalReasoning(session, maxSteps);
+          break;
+        case ReasoningType.CAUSAL:
+          await this.executeCausalReasoning(session, maxSteps);
+          break;
+        case ReasoningType.COUNTERFACTUAL:
+          await this.executeCounterfactualReasoning(session, maxSteps);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      // Generate conclusion
+      session.conclusion = this.generateConclusion(session, cot);
+      session.confidence = this.calculateSessionConfidence(session);
+      session.endTime = new Date();
+
+      this.emit('reasoning_complete', {
+        id: sessionId,
+        stage: ThinkingStage.REASONING,
+        timestamp: new Date(),
+        data: { 
+          session,
+          steps: session.steps.length,
+          confidence: session.confidence
+        }
+      } as ThinkingEvent);
+
+      return session;
+
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.emit('reasoning_error', {
+        id: sessionId,
+        stage: ThinkingStage.REASONING,
+        timestamp: new Date(),
+        data: { error }
+      } as ThinkingEvent);
+
+      throw new ThinkingError(
+        `Reasoning failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`,
+        ThinkingStage.REASONING,
+        true,
+        error instanceof Error ? error : undefined
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async executeDeductiveReasoning(session: ReasoningSession, maxSteps: number): Promise<void> {
+    const facts = this.extractFacts(session.problem);
+    
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxSteps; i++) {
+      const inferences = this.rulesEngine.infer(facts);
+      
+      if (inferences.length === 0) break;
+
+      const topInference = inferences[0];
+      
+      const step: ReasoningStep = {
+        id: `step_${i}`,
+        stepNumber: i + 1,
+        premise: facts.join(', '),
+        inference: topInference.conclusion,
+        evidence: [{
+          source: 'logical_rules',
+          excerpt: `Rule: ${topInference.rule.premises.join(' AND ')} => ${topInference.rule.conclusion}`,
+          location: 'rules_engine',
+          strength: topInference.confidence
+        }],
+        assumptions: topInference.rule.premises,
+        confidence: topInference.confidence,
+        nextSteps: inferences.slice(1).map(inf => inf.conclusion)
+      };
+
+      session.steps.push(step);
+      facts.push(topInference.conclusion);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async executeInductiveReasoning(session: ReasoningSession, maxSteps: number): Promise<void> {
+    // Pattern-based reasoning from specific to general
+    const observations = this.extractObservations(session.problem);
+    
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxSteps && i < observations.length; i++) {
+      const pattern = this.identifyPattern(observations.slice(0, i + 1));
+      
+      const step: ReasoningStep = {
+        id: `step_${i}`,
+        stepNumber: i + 1,
+        premise: observations.slice(0, i + 1).join('; '),
+        inference: `Pattern identified: ${pattern.description}`,
+        evidence: observations.map(obs => ({
+          source: 'observation',
+          excerpt: obs,
+          location: 'problem_statement',
+          strength: 0.7
+        })),
+        assumptions: ['Observations are representative', 'Pattern will continue'],
+        confidence: pattern.confidence,
+        nextSteps: ['Test pattern with new data', 'Formulate general rule']
+      };
+
+      session.steps.push(step);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async executeAbductiveReasoning(session: ReasoningSession, maxSteps: number): Promise<void> {
+    // Inference to the best explanation
+    const observations = this.extractObservations(session.problem);
+    const possibleExplanations = this.generateExplanations(observations);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxSteps && i < possibleExplanations.length; i++) {
+      const explanation = possibleExplanations[i];
+      
+      const step: ReasoningStep = {
+        id: `step_${i}`,
+        stepNumber: i + 1,
+        premise: observations.join('; '),
+        inference: `Best explanation: ${explanation.description}`,
+        evidence: [{
+          source: 'abductive_inference',
+          excerpt: explanation.supportingEvidence,
+          location: 'generated_explanation',
+          strength: explanation.plausibility
+        }],
+        assumptions: explanation.assumptions,
+        confidence: explanation.plausibility,
+        nextSteps: possibleExplanations.slice(i + 1).map(e => `Alternative: ${e.description}`)
+      };
+
+      session.steps.push(step);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async executeAnalogicalReasoning(session: ReasoningSession, maxSteps: number): Promise<void> {
+    // Reasoning by analogy
+    const sourceDomain = this.extractDomain(session.problem);
+    const analogies = this.findAnalogies(sourceDomain);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxSteps && i < analogies.length; i++) {
+      const analogy = analogies[i];
+      
+      const step: ReasoningStep = {
+        id: `step_${i}`,
+        stepNumber: i + 1,
+        premise: `Source domain: ${sourceDomain}`,
+        inference: `Analogous to: ${analogy.targetDomain}. Therefore: ${analogy.inferredProperty}`,
+        evidence: [{
+          source: 'analogy',
+          excerpt: `Similarity: ${analogy.similarityDescription}`,
+          location: 'analogy_mapping',
+          strength: analogy.similarityScore
+        }],
+        assumptions: ['Analogous domains share relevant properties'],
+        confidence: analogy.similarityScore,
+        nextSteps: analogies.slice(i + 1).map(a => `Alternative analogy: ${a.targetDomain}`)
+      };
+
+      session.steps.push(step);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async executeCausalReasoning(session: ReasoningSession, maxSteps: number): Promise<void> {
+    // Cause-effect reasoning
+    const causalChain = this.identifyCausalChain(session.problem);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxSteps && i < causalChain.length; i++) {
+      const causalLink = causalChain[i];
+      
+      const step: ReasoningStep = {
+        id: `step_${i}`,
+        stepNumber: i + 1,
+        premise: `Cause: ${causalLink.cause}`,
+        inference: `Effect: ${causalLink.effect}`,
+        evidence: [{
+          source: 'causal_analysis',
+          excerpt: causalLink.mechanism,
+          location: 'causal_chain',
+          strength: causalLink.confidence
+        }],
+        assumptions: ['Causal relationship is consistent', 'No confounding factors'],
+        confidence: causalLink.confidence,
+        nextSteps: causalChain.slice(i + 1).map(c => `Next effect: ${c.effect}`)
+      };
+
+      session.steps.push(step);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async executeCounterfactualReasoning(session: ReasoningSession, maxSteps: number): Promise<void> {
+    // What-if reasoning
+    const counterfactuals = this.generateCounterfactuals(session.problem);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxSteps && i < counterfactuals.length; i++) {
+      const cf = counterfactuals[i];
+      
+      const step: ReasoningStep = {
+        id: `step_${i}`,
+        stepNumber: i + 1,
+        premise: `Actual: ${cf.actual}`,
+        inference: `If ${cf.condition}, then ${cf.outcome}`,
+        evidence: [{
+          source: 'counterfactual',
+          excerpt: cf.reasoning,
+          location: 'counterfactual_analysis',
+          strength: cf.plausibility
+        }],
+        assumptions: cf.assumptions,
+        confidence: cf.plausibility,
+        nextSteps: counterfactuals.slice(i + 1).map(c => `Alternative: If ${c.condition}`)
+      };
+
+      session.steps.push(step);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create and test a hypothesis
+   */
+  createHypothesis(statement: string): Hypothesis {
+    return this.hypothesisManager.createHypothesis(statement);
+  }
+
+  addEvidenceToHypothesis(
+    hypothesisId: string,
+    evidence: Evidence,
+    supporting: boolean
+  ): void {
+    this.hypothesisManager.addEvidence(hypothesisId, evidence, supporting);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decompose a complex problem
+   */
+  decomposeProblem(problem: string): ProblemDecomposition {
+    return this.decompositionEngine.decompose(problem);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate Chain of Thought for a question
+   */
+  generateChainOfThought(question: string, maxDepth?: number): ChainOfThought {
+    return this.cotGenerator.generate(question, maxDepth);
+  }
+
+  // Helper methods
+  private generateId(): string {
+    return `reasoning_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
+  }
+
+  private extractFacts(problem: string): string[] {
+    // Simplified fact extraction
+    return problem
+      .split(/[.!?]+/)
+      .map(s => s.trim())
+      .filter(s => s.length > 10);
+  }
+
+  private extractObservations(problem: string): string[] {
+    return this.extractFacts(problem);
+  }
+
+  private identifyPattern(observations: string[]): { description: string; confidence: number } {
+    // Simplified pattern identification
+    const commonWords = this.findCommonElements(observations);
+    return {
+      description: `Common elements: ${commonWords.join(', ')}`,
+      confidence: Math.min(0.9, observations.length * 0.2)
+    };
+  }
+
+  private findCommonElements(strings: string[]): string[] {
+    if (strings.length === 0) return [];
+    
+    const wordSets = strings.map(s => new Set(s.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/)));
+    const common = Array.from(wordSets[0]).filter(word => 
+      wordSets.every(set => set.has(word)) && word.length > 4
+    );
+    
+    return common.slice(0, 5);
+  }
+
+  private generateExplanations(observations: string[]): Array<{
+    description: string;
+    plausibility: number;
+    supportingEvidence: string;
+    assumptions: string[];
+  }> {
+    return [
+      {
+        description: `Explanation based on ${observations.length} observations`,
+        plausibility: 0.7,
+        supportingEvidence: observations.join('; '),
+        assumptions: ['Observations are accurate', 'No hidden factors']
+      }
+    ];
+  }
+
+  private extractDomain(problem: string): string {
+    const domains = ['business', 'technology', 'science', 'health', 'education', 'finance'];
+    const problemLower = problem.toLowerCase();
+    return domains.find(d => problemLower.includes(d)) || 'general';
+  }
+
+  private findAnalogies(sourceDomain: string): Array<{
+    targetDomain: string;
+    inferredProperty: string;
+    similarityDescription: string;
+    similarityScore: number;
+  }> {
+    const analogies: Record<string, Array<{ target: string; property: string; similarity: string }>> = {
+      business: [
+        { target: 'ecosystem', property: 'interconnected components', similarity: 'both have interdependent parts' },
+        { target: 'organism', property: 'growth and adaptation', similarity: 'both evolve over time' }
+      ],
+      technology: [
+        { target: 'biology', property: 'modular components', similarity: 'both use building blocks' },
+        { target: 'language', property: 'syntax and structure', similarity: 'both have rules and patterns' }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    return (analogies[sourceDomain] || []).map(a => ({
+      targetDomain: a.target,
+      inferredProperty: a.property,
+      similarityDescription: a.similarity,
+      similarityScore: 0.7
+    }));
+  }
+
+  private identifyCausalChain(problem: string): Array<{
+    cause: string;
+    effect: string;
+    mechanism: string;
+    confidence: number;
+  }> {
+    const causalIndicators = ['causes', 'leads to', 'results in', 'because', 'due to', 'therefore'];
+    const chain: Array<{ cause: string; effect: string; mechanism: string; confidence: number }> = [];
+
+    causalIndicators.forEach(indicator => {
+      const regex = new RegExp(`(.+?)\\s+${indicator}\\s+(.+?)[.!?]`, 'gi');
+      let match;
+      while ((match = regex.exec(problem)) !== null) {
+        chain.push({
+          cause: match[1].trim(),
+          effect: match[2].trim(),
+          mechanism: `${match[1].trim()} ${indicator} ${match[2].trim()}`,
+          confidence: 0.75
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    return chain.length > 0 ? chain : [{
+      cause: 'Initial condition',
+      effect: 'Observed outcome',
+      mechanism: 'Causal relationship inferred from context',
+      confidence: 0.5
+    }];
+  }
+
+  private generateCounterfactuals(problem: string): Array<{
+    actual: string;
+    condition: string;
+    outcome: string;
+    reasoning: string;
+    plausibility: number;
+    assumptions: string[];
+  }> {
+    return [
+      {
+        actual: problem,
+        condition: 'conditions were different',
+        outcome: 'outcome would change',
+        reasoning: 'Counterfactual analysis based on problem context',
+        plausibility: 0.6,
+        assumptions: ['Minimal change principle', 'Ceteris paribus']
+      }
+    ];
+  }
+
+  private generateConclusion(session: ReasoningSession, cot?: ChainOfThought): string {
+    const stepConclusions = session.steps.map(s => s.inference);
+    
+    if (cot?.finalAnswer) {
+      return `${cot.finalAnswer} Based on ${session.steps.length} reasoning steps.`;
+    }
+
+    return `After ${session.steps.length} steps of ${session.type} reasoning: ${stepConclusions.slice(-2).join('; ')}.`;
+  }
+
+  private calculateSessionConfidence(session: ReasoningSession): number {
+    if (session.steps.length === 0) return 0;
+    const avgConfidence = session.steps.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.confidence, 0) / session.steps.length;
+    return Math.min(0.95, avgConfidence);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get reasoning session
+   */
+  getSession(sessionId: string): ReasoningSession | undefined {
+    return this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add custom logical rule
+   */
+  addRule(rule: Rule): void {
+    this.rulesEngine.addRule(rule);
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// EXPORT SINGLETON INSTANCE
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const reasoningEngine = new ReasoningEngine();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// EXAMPLE USAGE
+// ============================================================================
+
+/*
+// Deductive reasoning
+const deductiveResult = await reasoningEngine.reason(
+  "All software requires maintenance. This application is software. Therefore...",
+  { type: ReasoningType.DEDUCTIVE }
+);
+
+// Inductive reasoning
+const inductiveResult = await reasoningEngine.reason(
+  "Every software project I've seen with good documentation succeeded. " +
+  "Projects with poor documentation often failed. Therefore...",
+  { type: ReasoningType.INDUCTIVE }
+);
+
+// Hypothesis testing
+const hypothesis = reasoningEngine.createHypothesis(
+  "Using TypeScript reduces bug count by 30%"
+);
+
+reasoningEngine.addEvidenceToHypothesis(
+  hypothesis.id,
+  {
+    source: 'study',
+    excerpt: 'TypeScript projects had 15% fewer bugs',
+    location: 'research_paper',
+    strength: 0.8
+  },
+  true
+);
+
+// Problem decomposition
+const decomposition = reasoningEngine.decomposeProblem(
+  "Build a scalable e-commerce platform with AI recommendations"
+);
+
+// Chain of Thought
+const cot = reasoningEngine.generateChainOfThought(
+  "How can we improve software development productivity?",
+  5
+);
+*/