gnss-js 1.24.0 → 1.25.0

package/dist/{chunk-T2ZMNRCY.js → chunk-4XGKCVE3.js}

@@ -43,6 +43,51 @@ function klobucharDelay(coeffs, latRad, lonRad, azRad, elRad, gpsTowSec) {
   return F * (5e-9 + amp * (1 - x2 / 2 + x2 * x2 / 24));
 }
 
+// src/positioning/gim.ts
+var R_E = 6371e3;
+var H_ION = 45e4;
+var F_L1 = 157542e4;
+var IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU = 403e15 / (F_L1 * F_L1);
+function tecAtMap(grid, mapIdx, latDeg, lonDeg) {
+  const m = grid.maps[mapIdx];
+  const { lats, lons } = grid;
+  const w = lons.length;
+  const fi = (latDeg - lats[0]) / (lats[lats.length - 1] - lats[0]) * (lats.length - 1);
+  const fj = (lonDeg - lons[0]) / (lons[w - 1] - lons[0]) * (w - 1);
+  const i0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(lats.length - 2, Math.floor(fi)));
+  const j0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(w - 2, Math.floor(fj)));
+  const di = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fi - i0));
+  const dj = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fj - j0));
+  return m[i0 * w + j0] * (1 - di) * (1 - dj) + m[i0 * w + j0 + 1] * (1 - di) * dj + m[(i0 + 1) * w + j0] * di * (1 - dj) + m[(i0 + 1) * w + j0 + 1] * di * dj;
+}
+function gimVerticalTec(grid, timeMs, latDeg, lonDeg) {
+  const e = grid.epochs;
+  if (e.length === 0 || timeMs < e[0] || timeMs > e[e.length - 1]) return null;
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < e.length - 2 && e[i + 1] <= timeMs) i++;
+  const span = e[i + 1] - e[i];
+  const f = span > 0 ? (timeMs - e[i]) / span : 0;
+  const a = tecAtMap(grid, i, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  const b = tecAtMap(grid, i + 1, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(a) || !Number.isFinite(b)) return null;
+  return a * (1 - f) + b * f;
+}
+function gimSlantIonoDelayL1(grid, latRad, lonRad, azRad, elRad, timeMs) {
+  if (elRad <= 0) return null;
+  const sinZp = R_E / (R_E + H_ION) * Math.cos(elRad);
+  const mapping = 1 / Math.sqrt(1 - sinZp * sinZp);
+  const psi = Math.PI / 2 - elRad - Math.asin(sinZp);
+  const latI = Math.asin(
+    Math.sin(latRad) * Math.cos(psi) + Math.cos(latRad) * Math.sin(psi) * Math.cos(azRad)
+  );
+  const lonI = lonRad + Math.asin(Math.sin(psi) * Math.sin(azRad) / Math.cos(latI));
+  const latDeg = latI * 180 / Math.PI;
+  const lonDeg = ((lonI * 180 / Math.PI + 540) % 360 + 360) % 360 - 180;
+  const vtec = gimVerticalTec(grid, timeMs, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  if (vtec === null) return null;
+  return IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU * vtec * mapping;
+}
+
 // src/positioning/lambda.ts
 var LOOPMAX = 1e4;
 var ROUND = (x) => Math.floor(x + 0.5);
@@ -1084,10 +1129,17 @@ var PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ = {
   C: 1561098e3,
   R: 1602e6
 };
-var F_L1 = 157542e4;
-function tropoDelay2(elevationRad) {
-  const sinEl = Math.sin(elevationRad);
-  return 2.47 / (sinEl + 0.0121);
+var F_L12 = 157542e4;
+function tropoDelay2(elevationRad, latRad, heightM) {
+  if (elevationRad <= 0) return 0;
+  const h = heightM < 0 ? 0 : heightM > 1e4 ? 1e4 : heightM;
+  const humi = 0.7;
+  const pres = 1013.25 * Math.pow(1 - 22557e-9 * h, 5.2568);
+  const temp = 15 - 65e-4 * h + 273.16;
+  const e = 6.108 * humi * Math.exp((17.15 * temp - 4684) / (temp - 38.45));
+  const zhd = 22768e-7 * pres / (1 - 266e-5 * Math.cos(2 * latRad) - 28e-5 * (h / 1e3));
+  const zwd = 2277e-6 * (1255 / temp + 0.05) * e;
+  return (zhd + zwd) / Math.sin(elevationRad);
 }
 function sagnac2(pos, travelTimeS) {
   const theta = OMEGA_E * travelTimeS;
@@ -1120,7 +1172,8 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
     maxIterations = 15,
     convergenceM = 1e-4,
     tgd = true,
-    iono
+    iono,
+    gim
   } = opts;
   const gpsTow = (timeMs - GPS_EPOCH_MS_SPP) / 1e3 % 604800;
   const all = [...pseudoranges.keys()].filter((p) => ephemerides.has(p));
@@ -1147,7 +1200,7 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
       let rows = 0;
       for (const k of Object.keys(residuals2)) delete residuals2[k];
       const positionSaneIter = x2 * x2 + y2 * y2 + z2 * z2 > 1e12;
-      const [rxLat, rxLon] = positionSaneIter ? ecefToGeodetic(x2, y2, z2) : [0, 0];
+      const [rxLat, rxLon, rxHgt] = positionSaneIter ? ecefToGeodetic(x2, y2, z2) : [0, 0, 0];
       for (const prn of prns) {
         const psr = pseudoranges.get(prn);
         const eph = ephemerides.get(prn);
@@ -1177,11 +1230,18 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
           const sinEl = Math.max(Math.sin(elev), 0.1);
           weight = sinEl * sinEl;
         }
-        const tropo = troposphere && positionSane ? tropoDelay2(elev) : 0;
+        const tropo = troposphere && positionSane ? tropoDelay2(elev, rxLat, rxHgt) : 0;
         let ionoM = 0;
-        if (iono && positionSane) {
-          const f = PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ[sys] ?? F_L1;
-          ionoM = C_LIGHT * klobucharDelay(iono, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, gpsTow) * (F_L1 / f * (F_L1 / f));
+        if ((gim || iono) && positionSane) {
+          let l1M = null;
+          if (gim) l1M = gimSlantIonoDelayL1(gim, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, timeMs);
+          if (l1M === null && iono) {
+            l1M = C_LIGHT * klobucharDelay(iono, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, gpsTow);
+          }
+          if (l1M !== null) {
+            const f = PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ[sys] ?? F_L12;
+            ionoM = l1M * (F_L12 / f * (F_L12 / f));
+          }
         }
         const predicted = rho + clk - C_LIGHT * dts + tropo + ionoM;
         const v = psr - predicted;
@@ -1263,6 +1323,9 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
 
 export {
   klobucharDelay,
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
+  gimVerticalTec,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
   lambdaSearch,
   lambdaReduction,
   toRtkEpoch,

package/dist/index.cjs

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ __export(src_exports, {
   GLO_F2_BASE: () => GLO_F2_BASE,
   GLO_F2_STEP: () => GLO_F2_STEP,
   GLO_F3: () => GLO_F3,
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU: () => IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   IonoAccumulator: () => IonoAccumulator,
   MILLISECONDS_GPS_TAI: () => MILLISECONDS_GPS_TAI,
   MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY: () => MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY,
@@ -202,6 +203,8 @@ __export(src_exports, {
   getUtcDate: () => getUtcDate,
   getWeekNumber: () => getWeekNumber,
   getWeekOfYear: () => getWeekOfYear,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1: () => gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec: () => gimVerticalTec,
   gloFreq: () => gloFreq,
   glonassAlmanacEpochMs: () => glonassAlmanacEpochMs,
   glonassAlmanacPosition: () => glonassAlmanacPosition,
@@ -9682,6 +9685,51 @@ function klobucharDelay(coeffs, latRad, lonRad, azRad, elRad, gpsTowSec) {
   return F * (5e-9 + amp * (1 - x2 / 2 + x2 * x2 / 24));
 }
 
+// src/positioning/gim.ts
+var R_E = 6371e3;
+var H_ION = 45e4;
+var F_L1 = 157542e4;
+var IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU = 403e15 / (F_L1 * F_L1);
+function tecAtMap(grid, mapIdx, latDeg, lonDeg) {
+  const m = grid.maps[mapIdx];
+  const { lats, lons } = grid;
+  const w = lons.length;
+  const fi = (latDeg - lats[0]) / (lats[lats.length - 1] - lats[0]) * (lats.length - 1);
+  const fj = (lonDeg - lons[0]) / (lons[w - 1] - lons[0]) * (w - 1);
+  const i0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(lats.length - 2, Math.floor(fi)));
+  const j0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(w - 2, Math.floor(fj)));
+  const di = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fi - i0));
+  const dj = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fj - j0));
+  return m[i0 * w + j0] * (1 - di) * (1 - dj) + m[i0 * w + j0 + 1] * (1 - di) * dj + m[(i0 + 1) * w + j0] * di * (1 - dj) + m[(i0 + 1) * w + j0 + 1] * di * dj;
+}
+function gimVerticalTec(grid, timeMs, latDeg, lonDeg) {
+  const e = grid.epochs;
+  if (e.length === 0 || timeMs < e[0] || timeMs > e[e.length - 1]) return null;
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < e.length - 2 && e[i + 1] <= timeMs) i++;
+  const span = e[i + 1] - e[i];
+  const f = span > 0 ? (timeMs - e[i]) / span : 0;
+  const a = tecAtMap(grid, i, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  const b = tecAtMap(grid, i + 1, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(a) || !Number.isFinite(b)) return null;
+  return a * (1 - f) + b * f;
+}
+function gimSlantIonoDelayL1(grid, latRad, lonRad, azRad, elRad, timeMs) {
+  if (elRad <= 0) return null;
+  const sinZp = R_E / (R_E + H_ION) * Math.cos(elRad);
+  const mapping = 1 / Math.sqrt(1 - sinZp * sinZp);
+  const psi = Math.PI / 2 - elRad - Math.asin(sinZp);
+  const latI = Math.asin(
+    Math.sin(latRad) * Math.cos(psi) + Math.cos(latRad) * Math.sin(psi) * Math.cos(azRad)
+  );
+  const lonI = lonRad + Math.asin(Math.sin(psi) * Math.sin(azRad) / Math.cos(latI));
+  const latDeg = latI * 180 / Math.PI;
+  const lonDeg = ((lonI * 180 / Math.PI + 540) % 360 + 360) % 360 - 180;
+  const vtec = gimVerticalTec(grid, timeMs, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  if (vtec === null) return null;
+  return IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU * vtec * mapping;
+}
+
 // src/positioning/lambda.ts
 var LOOPMAX = 1e4;
 var ROUND = (x) => Math.floor(x + 0.5);
@@ -10723,10 +10771,17 @@ var PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ = {
   C: 1561098e3,
   R: 1602e6
 };
-var F_L1 = 157542e4;
-function tropoDelay2(elevationRad) {
-  const sinEl = Math.sin(elevationRad);
-  return 2.47 / (sinEl + 0.0121);
+var F_L12 = 157542e4;
+function tropoDelay2(elevationRad, latRad, heightM) {
+  if (elevationRad <= 0) return 0;
+  const h = heightM < 0 ? 0 : heightM > 1e4 ? 1e4 : heightM;
+  const humi = 0.7;
+  const pres = 1013.25 * Math.pow(1 - 22557e-9 * h, 5.2568);
+  const temp = 15 - 65e-4 * h + 273.16;
+  const e = 6.108 * humi * Math.exp((17.15 * temp - 4684) / (temp - 38.45));
+  const zhd = 22768e-7 * pres / (1 - 266e-5 * Math.cos(2 * latRad) - 28e-5 * (h / 1e3));
+  const zwd = 2277e-6 * (1255 / temp + 0.05) * e;
+  return (zhd + zwd) / Math.sin(elevationRad);
 }
 function sagnac2(pos, travelTimeS) {
   const theta = OMEGA_E * travelTimeS;
@@ -10759,7 +10814,8 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
     maxIterations = 15,
     convergenceM = 1e-4,
     tgd = true,
-    iono
+    iono,
+    gim
   } = opts;
   const gpsTow = (timeMs - GPS_EPOCH_MS_SPP) / 1e3 % 604800;
   const all = [...pseudoranges.keys()].filter((p) => ephemerides.has(p));
@@ -10786,7 +10842,7 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
       let rows = 0;
       for (const k of Object.keys(residuals2)) delete residuals2[k];
       const positionSaneIter = x2 * x2 + y2 * y2 + z2 * z2 > 1e12;
-      const [rxLat, rxLon] = positionSaneIter ? ecefToGeodetic(x2, y2, z2) : [0, 0];
+      const [rxLat, rxLon, rxHgt] = positionSaneIter ? ecefToGeodetic(x2, y2, z2) : [0, 0, 0];
       for (const prn of prns) {
         const psr = pseudoranges.get(prn);
         const eph = ephemerides.get(prn);
@@ -10816,11 +10872,18 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
           const sinEl = Math.max(Math.sin(elev), 0.1);
           weight = sinEl * sinEl;
         }
-        const tropo = troposphere && positionSane ? tropoDelay2(elev) : 0;
+        const tropo = troposphere && positionSane ? tropoDelay2(elev, rxLat, rxHgt) : 0;
         let ionoM = 0;
-        if (iono && positionSane) {
-          const f = PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ[sys] ?? F_L1;
-          ionoM = C_LIGHT * klobucharDelay(iono, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, gpsTow) * (F_L1 / f * (F_L1 / f));
+        if ((gim || iono) && positionSane) {
+          let l1M = null;
+          if (gim) l1M = gimSlantIonoDelayL1(gim, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, timeMs);
+          if (l1M === null && iono) {
+            l1M = C_LIGHT * klobucharDelay(iono, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, gpsTow);
+          }
+          if (l1M !== null) {
+            const f = PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ[sys] ?? F_L12;
+            ionoM = l1M * (F_L12 / f * (F_L12 / f));
+          }
         }
         const predicted = rho + clk - C_LIGHT * dts + tropo + ionoM;
         const v = psr - predicted;
@@ -13207,6 +13270,7 @@ function computePsdDb(centerMHz, halfSpanChips, numPoints, psdFn, f0 = 1023e3, f
   GLO_F2_BASE,
   GLO_F2_STEP,
   GLO_F3,
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   IonoAccumulator,
   MILLISECONDS_GPS_TAI,
   MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY,
@@ -13342,6 +13406,8 @@ function computePsdDb(centerMHz, halfSpanChips, numPoints, psdFn, f0 = 1023e3, f
   getUtcDate,
   getWeekNumber,
   getWeekOfYear,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec,
   gloFreq,
   glonassAlmanacEpochMs,
   glonassAlmanacPosition,

package/dist/index.d.cts

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ export { A as ARC_GAP_FACTOR, B as BAND_LABELS, a as BDS_SATELLITES, b as BdsSat
 export { Scale, getBdsTime, getDateFromBdsTime, getDateFromDayOfWeek, getDateFromDayOfYear, getDateFromGalTime, getDateFromGloN, getDateFromGpsData, getDateFromGpsTime, getDateFromHourCode, getDateFromJulianDate, getDateFromMJD, getDateFromMJD2000, getDateFromRINEX, getDateFromTai, getDateFromTimeOfDay, getDateFromTt, getDateFromUnixTime, getDateFromUtc, getDayOfWeek, getDayOfYear, getGalTime, getGloN4, getGloNA, getGpsLeap, getGpsTime, getHourCode, getHoursFromTimeDifference, getJulianDate, getLeap, getMJD, getMJD2000, getMinutesFromTimeDifference, getNtpTime, getRINEX, getSecondsFromTimeDifference, getTaiDate, getTimeDifference, getTimeDifferenceFromDays, getTimeDifferenceFromHours, getTimeDifferenceFromMinutes, getTimeDifferenceFromObject, getTimeDifferenceFromSeconds, getTimeOfDay, getTimeOfWeek, getTotalDaysFromTimeDifference, getTtDate, getUnixTime, getUtcDate, getWeekNumber, getWeekOfYear } from './time.cjs';
 export { deg2dms, deg2rad, euclidean3D, geodeticToGeohash, geodeticToMaidenhead, geodeticToUtm, greatCircleMidpoint, horizonDistance, rad2deg, rhumbLine, vincenty } from './coordinates.cjs';
 export { c as clampUnit, e as ecefToGeodetic, g as geodeticToEcef, a as getAer, b as getEnuDifference } from './ecef-CF0uAysr.cjs';
-export { CompactEpoch, CrxField, DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, IonexGrid, Nav4Input, RinexWarning, RinexWarnings, Sp3File, Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseIonex, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob } from './rinex.cjs';
+export { CompactEpoch, CrxField, DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, Nav4Input, RinexWarning, RinexWarnings, Sp3File, Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob } from './rinex.cjs';
 export { E as EpochSummary, P as ParseOptions, R as RinexHeader, a as RinexResult, b as RinexStats, S as SYSTEM_ORDER, c as SatObsCallback, p as parseRinexStream, s as systemCmp, d as systemName } from './parser-JPjjFgeP.cjs';
 export { C as CnavEphemeris, E as Ephemeris, G as GlonassEphemeris, K as KeplerEphemeris, N as NavHeader, a as NavResult, R as RinexCnavEphemeris, p as parseNavFile } from './nav-DImXUdbp.cjs';
+export { I as IonexGrid, p as parseIonex } from './ionex-DaW5x9nq.cjs';
 export { B as BitReader, E as EphemerisInfo, R as Rtcm3DebugHandler, a as Rtcm3Decoder, b as Rtcm3Frame, d as decodeEphemeris, r as readString, c as reportDecodeError, s as setRtcm3DebugHandler } from './ephemeris-Ohl6NAfw.cjs';
 export { MessageTypeStats, MsmEpoch, MsmSatObs, MsmSignal, RTCM3_MESSAGE_NAMES, SatCn0, SignalCn0, StationMeta, StreamStats, createStationMeta, createStreamStats, decodeMsmFull, msmEpochToDate, resetGloFreqCache, rtcm3Constellation, setGloFreqNumber, updateStationMeta, updateStreamStats } from './rtcm3.cjs';
 export { UbxCnavResult, UbxFrame, UbxIonoUtcResult, UbxMeasurement, UbxNavOptions, UbxNavResult, UbxParseResult, UbxRawNavOptions, UbxRawNavResult, UbxRawxEpoch, parseUbxCnav, parseUbxIonoUtc, parseUbxNav, parseUbxRawNav, parseUbxRawx, ubxFrames } from './ubx.cjs';
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ export { HasMessage, SbfBdsNavResult, SbfCnavEphemeris, SbfCnavResult, SbfGalEph
 export { NovatelEpoch, NovatelMeasurement, NovatelNavResult, NovatelParseResult, OEM4_HLEN, Oem4Frame, crc32, oem4Frames, parseNovatelNav, parseNovatelRange } from './novatel.cjs';
 export { AllPositionsData, AlmanacPosition, DopValues, EpochSkyData, SatAzEl, SatPoint, SatPosition, VisibilityPass, VisibilityResult, almanacEpochMs, almanacSatPosition, computeAllPositions, computeDop, computeLiveSkyPositions, computeSatPosition, computeVisibility, computeVisibilityFromPositions, dopplerHz, ecefToAzEl, ephInfoToEphemeris, glonassAlmanacEpochMs, glonassAlmanacPosition, glonassPosition, keplerPosition, maskRadForAzimuth, navTimesFromEph, rangeRate, selectEphemeris } from './orbit.cjs';
 export { Helmert14, REFERENCE_FRAMES, ReferenceFrame, applyHelmert, dateToEpoch, transformFrame } from './frames.cjs';
-export { DgnssOptions, DgnssSolution, EphemerisSource, KlobucharCoeffs, LambdaResult, RawObservation, RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, RtkFloatOptions, RtkFloatSolution, RtkMeasurement, SppOptions, SppSolution, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch } from './positioning.cjs';
+export { DgnssOptions, DgnssSolution, EphemerisSource, IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU, KlobucharCoeffs, LambdaResult, RawObservation, RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, RtkFloatOptions, RtkFloatSolution, RtkMeasurement, SppOptions, SppSolution, gimSlantIonoDelayL1, gimVerticalTec, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch } from './positioning.cjs';
 export { NtripCaster, NtripConnectionInfo, NtripNetwork, NtripStream, NtripStreamConnection, NtripVersion, Sourcetable, SourcetableEntry, connectToMountpoint, fetchSourcetable, parseSourcetable } from './ntrip.cjs';
 export { CompleteSatSignal, CompleteSignalStats, CompletenessAccumulator, CompletenessResult, CycleSlipAccumulator, CycleSlipEvent, CycleSlipResult, CycleSlipSignalStats, IonoAccumulator, IonoDcbResult, IonoPoint, IonoRatePoint, IonoRateSeries, IonoResult, IonoSeries, MultipathAccumulator, MultipathPoint, MultipathResult, MultipathSeries, MultipathSignalStat, QualityResult, SatDcbMap, analyzeQuality, applyIonoDcb, computeIonoRate, detrendIonoArcs, parseSinexBiasDcb } from './analysis.cjs';
 export { AntennaEntry, AntexFile, FrequencyData, frequencyLabel, parseAntex } from './antex.cjs';

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ export { A as ARC_GAP_FACTOR, B as BAND_LABELS, a as BDS_SATELLITES, b as BdsSat
 export { Scale, getBdsTime, getDateFromBdsTime, getDateFromDayOfWeek, getDateFromDayOfYear, getDateFromGalTime, getDateFromGloN, getDateFromGpsData, getDateFromGpsTime, getDateFromHourCode, getDateFromJulianDate, getDateFromMJD, getDateFromMJD2000, getDateFromRINEX, getDateFromTai, getDateFromTimeOfDay, getDateFromTt, getDateFromUnixTime, getDateFromUtc, getDayOfWeek, getDayOfYear, getGalTime, getGloN4, getGloNA, getGpsLeap, getGpsTime, getHourCode, getHoursFromTimeDifference, getJulianDate, getLeap, getMJD, getMJD2000, getMinutesFromTimeDifference, getNtpTime, getRINEX, getSecondsFromTimeDifference, getTaiDate, getTimeDifference, getTimeDifferenceFromDays, getTimeDifferenceFromHours, getTimeDifferenceFromMinutes, getTimeDifferenceFromObject, getTimeDifferenceFromSeconds, getTimeOfDay, getTimeOfWeek, getTotalDaysFromTimeDifference, getTtDate, getUnixTime, getUtcDate, getWeekNumber, getWeekOfYear } from './time.js';
 export { deg2dms, deg2rad, euclidean3D, geodeticToGeohash, geodeticToMaidenhead, geodeticToUtm, greatCircleMidpoint, horizonDistance, rad2deg, rhumbLine, vincenty } from './coordinates.js';
 export { c as clampUnit, e as ecefToGeodetic, g as geodeticToEcef, a as getAer, b as getEnuDifference } from './ecef-CF0uAysr.js';
-export { CompactEpoch, CrxField, DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, IonexGrid, Nav4Input, RinexWarning, RinexWarnings, Sp3File, Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseIonex, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob } from './rinex.js';
+export { CompactEpoch, CrxField, DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, Nav4Input, RinexWarning, RinexWarnings, Sp3File, Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob } from './rinex.js';
 export { E as EpochSummary, P as ParseOptions, R as RinexHeader, a as RinexResult, b as RinexStats, S as SYSTEM_ORDER, c as SatObsCallback, p as parseRinexStream, s as systemCmp, d as systemName } from './parser-JPjjFgeP.js';
 export { C as CnavEphemeris, E as Ephemeris, G as GlonassEphemeris, K as KeplerEphemeris, N as NavHeader, a as NavResult, R as RinexCnavEphemeris, p as parseNavFile } from './nav-DImXUdbp.js';
+export { I as IonexGrid, p as parseIonex } from './ionex-DaW5x9nq.js';
 export { B as BitReader, E as EphemerisInfo, R as Rtcm3DebugHandler, a as Rtcm3Decoder, b as Rtcm3Frame, d as decodeEphemeris, r as readString, c as reportDecodeError, s as setRtcm3DebugHandler } from './ephemeris-Ohl6NAfw.js';
 export { MessageTypeStats, MsmEpoch, MsmSatObs, MsmSignal, RTCM3_MESSAGE_NAMES, SatCn0, SignalCn0, StationMeta, StreamStats, createStationMeta, createStreamStats, decodeMsmFull, msmEpochToDate, resetGloFreqCache, rtcm3Constellation, setGloFreqNumber, updateStationMeta, updateStreamStats } from './rtcm3.js';
 export { UbxCnavResult, UbxFrame, UbxIonoUtcResult, UbxMeasurement, UbxNavOptions, UbxNavResult, UbxParseResult, UbxRawNavOptions, UbxRawNavResult, UbxRawxEpoch, parseUbxCnav, parseUbxIonoUtc, parseUbxNav, parseUbxRawNav, parseUbxRawx, ubxFrames } from './ubx.js';
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ export { HasMessage, SbfBdsNavResult, SbfCnavEphemeris, SbfCnavResult, SbfGalEph
 export { NovatelEpoch, NovatelMeasurement, NovatelNavResult, NovatelParseResult, OEM4_HLEN, Oem4Frame, crc32, oem4Frames, parseNovatelNav, parseNovatelRange } from './novatel.js';
 export { AllPositionsData, AlmanacPosition, DopValues, EpochSkyData, SatAzEl, SatPoint, SatPosition, VisibilityPass, VisibilityResult, almanacEpochMs, almanacSatPosition, computeAllPositions, computeDop, computeLiveSkyPositions, computeSatPosition, computeVisibility, computeVisibilityFromPositions, dopplerHz, ecefToAzEl, ephInfoToEphemeris, glonassAlmanacEpochMs, glonassAlmanacPosition, glonassPosition, keplerPosition, maskRadForAzimuth, navTimesFromEph, rangeRate, selectEphemeris } from './orbit.js';
 export { Helmert14, REFERENCE_FRAMES, ReferenceFrame, applyHelmert, dateToEpoch, transformFrame } from './frames.js';
-export { DgnssOptions, DgnssSolution, EphemerisSource, KlobucharCoeffs, LambdaResult, RawObservation, RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, RtkFloatOptions, RtkFloatSolution, RtkMeasurement, SppOptions, SppSolution, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch } from './positioning.js';
+export { DgnssOptions, DgnssSolution, EphemerisSource, IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU, KlobucharCoeffs, LambdaResult, RawObservation, RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, RtkFloatOptions, RtkFloatSolution, RtkMeasurement, SppOptions, SppSolution, gimSlantIonoDelayL1, gimVerticalTec, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch } from './positioning.js';
 export { NtripCaster, NtripConnectionInfo, NtripNetwork, NtripStream, NtripStreamConnection, NtripVersion, Sourcetable, SourcetableEntry, connectToMountpoint, fetchSourcetable, parseSourcetable } from './ntrip.js';
 export { CompleteSatSignal, CompleteSignalStats, CompletenessAccumulator, CompletenessResult, CycleSlipAccumulator, CycleSlipEvent, CycleSlipResult, CycleSlipSignalStats, IonoAccumulator, IonoDcbResult, IonoPoint, IonoRatePoint, IonoRateSeries, IonoResult, IonoSeries, MultipathAccumulator, MultipathPoint, MultipathResult, MultipathSeries, MultipathSignalStat, QualityResult, SatDcbMap, analyzeQuality, applyIonoDcb, computeIonoRate, detrendIonoArcs, parseSinexBiasDcb } from './analysis.js';
 export { AntennaEntry, AntexFile, FrequencyData, frequencyLabel, parseAntex } from './antex.js';

package/dist/index.js

@@ -128,7 +128,10 @@ import {
   transformFrame
 } from "./chunk-4KOXMHUW.js";
 import {
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   RtkFloatEngine,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec,
   ionoFree,
   klobucharDelay,
   lambdaReduction,
@@ -137,7 +140,7 @@ import {
   solveDgnss,
   solveSpp,
   toRtkEpoch
-} from "./chunk-T2ZMNRCY.js";
+} from "./chunk-4XGKCVE3.js";
 import {
   almanacEpochMs,
   almanacSatPosition,
@@ -353,6 +356,7 @@ export {
   GLO_F2_BASE,
   GLO_F2_STEP,
   GLO_F3,
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   IonoAccumulator,
   MILLISECONDS_GPS_TAI,
   MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY,
@@ -488,6 +492,8 @@ export {
   getUtcDate,
   getWeekNumber,
   getWeekOfYear,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec,
   gloFreq,
   glonassAlmanacEpochMs,
   glonassAlmanacPosition,

package/dist/ionex-DaW5x9nq.d.cts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * IONEX 1.0 parser — global ionosphere maps (GIMs) as published by
+ * the IGS analysis centres (e.g. ESA0OPSRAP_*_GIM.INX).
+ *
+ * Returns the TEC maps in TECU on a regular lat/lon grid, one map per
+ * epoch. RMS maps and the DCB auxiliary block are skipped.
+ */
+interface IonexGrid {
+    /** Map epochs (Unix ms, UTC). */
+    epochs: number[];
+    /** Grid latitudes (degrees), in file order (typically 87.5 → −87.5). */
+    lats: number[];
+    /** Grid longitudes (degrees), in file order (typically −180 → 180). */
+    lons: number[];
+    /**
+     * TEC maps in TECU: maps[epochIdx][latIdx * lons.length + lonIdx].
+     * NaN where the file marks no value (9999).
+     */
+    maps: Float32Array[];
+}
+declare function parseIonex(text: string): IonexGrid;
+
+export { type IonexGrid as I, parseIonex as p };

package/dist/ionex-DaW5x9nq.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * IONEX 1.0 parser — global ionosphere maps (GIMs) as published by
+ * the IGS analysis centres (e.g. ESA0OPSRAP_*_GIM.INX).
+ *
+ * Returns the TEC maps in TECU on a regular lat/lon grid, one map per
+ * epoch. RMS maps and the DCB auxiliary block are skipped.
+ */
+interface IonexGrid {
+    /** Map epochs (Unix ms, UTC). */
+    epochs: number[];
+    /** Grid latitudes (degrees), in file order (typically 87.5 → −87.5). */
+    lats: number[];
+    /** Grid longitudes (degrees), in file order (typically −180 → 180). */
+    lons: number[];
+    /**
+     * TEC maps in TECU: maps[epochIdx][latIdx * lons.length + lonIdx].
+     * NaN where the file marks no value (9999).
+     */
+    maps: Float32Array[];
+}
+declare function parseIonex(text: string): IonexGrid;
+
+export { type IonexGrid as I, parseIonex as p };

package/dist/positioning.cjs

@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: tru
 // src/positioning/index.ts
 var positioning_exports = {};
 __export(positioning_exports, {
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU: () => IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   RtkFloatEngine: () => RtkFloatEngine,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1: () => gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec: () => gimVerticalTec,
   ionoFree: () => ionoFree,
   klobucharDelay: () => klobucharDelay,
   lambdaReduction: () => lambdaReduction,
@@ -464,6 +467,51 @@ function klobucharDelay(coeffs, latRad, lonRad, azRad, elRad, gpsTowSec) {
   return F * (5e-9 + amp * (1 - x2 / 2 + x2 * x2 / 24));
 }
 
+// src/positioning/gim.ts
+var R_E = 6371e3;
+var H_ION = 45e4;
+var F_L1 = 157542e4;
+var IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU = 403e15 / (F_L1 * F_L1);
+function tecAtMap(grid, mapIdx, latDeg, lonDeg) {
+  const m = grid.maps[mapIdx];
+  const { lats, lons } = grid;
+  const w = lons.length;
+  const fi = (latDeg - lats[0]) / (lats[lats.length - 1] - lats[0]) * (lats.length - 1);
+  const fj = (lonDeg - lons[0]) / (lons[w - 1] - lons[0]) * (w - 1);
+  const i0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(lats.length - 2, Math.floor(fi)));
+  const j0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(w - 2, Math.floor(fj)));
+  const di = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fi - i0));
+  const dj = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fj - j0));
+  return m[i0 * w + j0] * (1 - di) * (1 - dj) + m[i0 * w + j0 + 1] * (1 - di) * dj + m[(i0 + 1) * w + j0] * di * (1 - dj) + m[(i0 + 1) * w + j0 + 1] * di * dj;
+}
+function gimVerticalTec(grid, timeMs, latDeg, lonDeg) {
+  const e = grid.epochs;
+  if (e.length === 0 || timeMs < e[0] || timeMs > e[e.length - 1]) return null;
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < e.length - 2 && e[i + 1] <= timeMs) i++;
+  const span = e[i + 1] - e[i];
+  const f = span > 0 ? (timeMs - e[i]) / span : 0;
+  const a = tecAtMap(grid, i, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  const b = tecAtMap(grid, i + 1, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(a) || !Number.isFinite(b)) return null;
+  return a * (1 - f) + b * f;
+}
+function gimSlantIonoDelayL1(grid, latRad, lonRad, azRad, elRad, timeMs) {
+  if (elRad <= 0) return null;
+  const sinZp = R_E / (R_E + H_ION) * Math.cos(elRad);
+  const mapping = 1 / Math.sqrt(1 - sinZp * sinZp);
+  const psi = Math.PI / 2 - elRad - Math.asin(sinZp);
+  const latI = Math.asin(
+    Math.sin(latRad) * Math.cos(psi) + Math.cos(latRad) * Math.sin(psi) * Math.cos(azRad)
+  );
+  const lonI = lonRad + Math.asin(Math.sin(psi) * Math.sin(azRad) / Math.cos(latI));
+  const latDeg = latI * 180 / Math.PI;
+  const lonDeg = ((lonI * 180 / Math.PI + 540) % 360 + 360) % 360 - 180;
+  const vtec = gimVerticalTec(grid, timeMs, latDeg, lonDeg);
+  if (vtec === null) return null;
+  return IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU * vtec * mapping;
+}
+
 // src/positioning/lambda.ts
 var LOOPMAX = 1e4;
 var ROUND = (x) => Math.floor(x + 0.5);
@@ -1505,10 +1553,17 @@ var PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ = {
   C: 1561098e3,
   R: 1602e6
 };
-var F_L1 = 157542e4;
-function tropoDelay2(elevationRad) {
-  const sinEl = Math.sin(elevationRad);
-  return 2.47 / (sinEl + 0.0121);
+var F_L12 = 157542e4;
+function tropoDelay2(elevationRad, latRad, heightM) {
+  if (elevationRad <= 0) return 0;
+  const h = heightM < 0 ? 0 : heightM > 1e4 ? 1e4 : heightM;
+  const humi = 0.7;
+  const pres = 1013.25 * Math.pow(1 - 22557e-9 * h, 5.2568);
+  const temp = 15 - 65e-4 * h + 273.16;
+  const e = 6.108 * humi * Math.exp((17.15 * temp - 4684) / (temp - 38.45));
+  const zhd = 22768e-7 * pres / (1 - 266e-5 * Math.cos(2 * latRad) - 28e-5 * (h / 1e3));
+  const zwd = 2277e-6 * (1255 / temp + 0.05) * e;
+  return (zhd + zwd) / Math.sin(elevationRad);
 }
 function sagnac2(pos, travelTimeS) {
   const theta = OMEGA_E * travelTimeS;
@@ -1541,7 +1596,8 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
     maxIterations = 15,
     convergenceM = 1e-4,
     tgd = true,
-    iono
+    iono,
+    gim
   } = opts;
   const gpsTow = (timeMs - GPS_EPOCH_MS_SPP) / 1e3 % 604800;
   const all = [...pseudoranges.keys()].filter((p) => ephemerides.has(p));
@@ -1568,7 +1624,7 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
       let rows = 0;
       for (const k of Object.keys(residuals2)) delete residuals2[k];
       const positionSaneIter = x2 * x2 + y2 * y2 + z2 * z2 > 1e12;
-      const [rxLat, rxLon] = positionSaneIter ? ecefToGeodetic(x2, y2, z2) : [0, 0];
+      const [rxLat, rxLon, rxHgt] = positionSaneIter ? ecefToGeodetic(x2, y2, z2) : [0, 0, 0];
       for (const prn of prns) {
         const psr = pseudoranges.get(prn);
         const eph = ephemerides.get(prn);
@@ -1598,11 +1654,18 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
           const sinEl = Math.max(Math.sin(elev), 0.1);
           weight = sinEl * sinEl;
         }
-        const tropo = troposphere && positionSane ? tropoDelay2(elev) : 0;
+        const tropo = troposphere && positionSane ? tropoDelay2(elev, rxLat, rxHgt) : 0;
         let ionoM = 0;
-        if (iono && positionSane) {
-          const f = PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ[sys] ?? F_L1;
-          ionoM = C_LIGHT * klobucharDelay(iono, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, gpsTow) * (F_L1 / f * (F_L1 / f));
+        if ((gim || iono) && positionSane) {
+          let l1M = null;
+          if (gim) l1M = gimSlantIonoDelayL1(gim, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, timeMs);
+          if (l1M === null && iono) {
+            l1M = C_LIGHT * klobucharDelay(iono, rxLat, rxLon, azim, elev, gpsTow);
+          }
+          if (l1M !== null) {
+            const f = PRIMARY_FREQ_HZ[sys] ?? F_L12;
+            ionoM = l1M * (F_L12 / f * (F_L12 / f));
+          }
         }
         const predicted = rho + clk - C_LIGHT * dts + tropo + ionoM;
         const v = psr - predicted;
@@ -1683,7 +1746,10 @@ function solveSpp(pseudoranges, ephemerides, timeMs, opts = {}) {
 }
 // Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
 0 && (module.exports = {
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   RtkFloatEngine,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec,
   ionoFree,
   klobucharDelay,
   lambdaReduction,

package/dist/positioning.d.cts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { E as Ephemeris } from './nav-DImXUdbp.cjs';
 import { DopValues } from './orbit.cjs';
+import { I as IonexGrid } from './ionex-DaW5x9nq.cjs';
 import './ephemeris-Ohl6NAfw.cjs';
 import './ecef-CF0uAysr.cjs';
 import './nav-BYmYoh9A.cjs';
@@ -34,6 +35,52 @@ interface KlobucharCoeffs {
  */
 declare function klobucharDelay(coeffs: KlobucharCoeffs, latRad: number, lonRad: number, azRad: number, elRad: number, gpsTowSec: number): number;
 
+/**
+ * Slant ionospheric delay from a Global Ionosphere Map (IONEX/GIM).
+ *
+ * A GIM gives vertical TEC on an hourly lat/lon grid (see
+ * {@link parseIonex}). For single-frequency positioning this is a much
+ * stronger correction than the broadcast Klobuchar model — GIMs capture
+ * ~80–90% of the true ionosphere versus Klobuchar's ~50% — so feeding
+ * `solveSpp` a GIM (the `gim` option) collapses most of the residual
+ * height bias a single-frequency solution otherwise carries.
+ *
+ * The evaluation is the standard thin-shell recipe: pierce the shell at
+ * {@link H_ION}, interpolate vertical TEC there (bilinear in space,
+ * linear in time), map to slant with the obliquity factor, and convert
+ * TEC → L1 group delay. The result is the delay on GPS L1; `solveSpp`
+ * scales it to each system's primary frequency by (f_L1/f)².
+ */
+
+/**
+ * L1 group delay per unit slant TEC: 40.3 · 10¹⁶ / f_L1² (m per TECU).
+ * 40.3 m·Hz²/(el/m²), one TECU = 10¹⁶ el/m². ≈ 0.1624 m/TECU.
+ */
+declare const IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU: number;
+/**
+ * Space- and time-interpolated vertical TEC (TECU) at `timeMs`, or null
+ * outside the map's time span or where the grid marks no value.
+ *
+ * IGS GIMs are global, so spatial coverage is total; a pierce point is
+ * bilinearly interpolated and clamped to the nearest edge cell rather
+ * than rejected. Null therefore signals a time gap or a no-value cell,
+ * not an out-of-area position.
+ */
+declare function gimVerticalTec(grid: IonexGrid, timeMs: number, latDeg: number, lonDeg: number): number | null;
+/**
+ * Slant ionospheric group delay on GPS L1 (m) from a GIM, or null when
+ * the pierce point falls outside the map's coverage in space or time.
+ *
+ * @param grid   Parsed IONEX grid ({@link parseIonex}).
+ * @param latRad Receiver geodetic latitude (radians).
+ * @param lonRad Receiver geodetic longitude (radians).
+ * @param azRad  Satellite azimuth (radians).
+ * @param elRad  Satellite elevation (radians).
+ * @param timeMs Epoch (ms). GIM epochs are UTC; a GPS-scale time differs
+ *   by leap seconds (~18 s), negligible against hourly maps.
+ */
+declare function gimSlantIonoDelayL1(grid: IonexGrid, latRad: number, lonRad: number, azRad: number, elRad: number, timeMs: number): number | null;
+
 /**
  * RTK positioning, stage 1: epoch-wise double-differenced (DD)
  * processing of a base/rover receiver pair.
@@ -441,7 +488,7 @@ declare function lambdaReduction(Q: Float64Array, n: number): Float64Array | nul
  * constellation (absorbing inter-system time offsets), satellite clock
  * polynomial + relativistic correction, broadcast group delay
  * (TGD/BGD), Sagnac (Earth-rotation) correction, elevation
- * masking/weighting, and a simple tropospheric model. Ionospheric
+ * masking/weighting, and a Saastamoinen tropospheric model. Ionospheric
  * delay can be modelled from the broadcast Klobuchar coefficients
  * (`iono` option) for single-frequency measurements; for metre-level
  * results prefer the iono-free combination (ionoFree helper) with
@@ -451,7 +498,7 @@ declare function lambdaReduction(Q: Float64Array, n: number): Float64Array | nul
 interface SppOptions {
     /** Elevation mask in degrees (applied after the first pass). Default 10. */
     elevationMaskDeg?: number;
-    /** Apply the simple tropospheric model. Default true. */
+    /** Apply the Saastamoinen tropospheric model. Default true. */
     troposphere?: boolean;
     /** Maximum Gauss-Newton iterations. Default 15. */
     maxIterations?: number;
@@ -465,6 +512,15 @@ interface SppOptions {
      * iono-free combinations.
      */
     iono?: KlobucharCoeffs;
+    /**
+     * Global Ionosphere Map (IONEX/GIM, from `parseIonex`). When given it
+     * takes precedence over `iono`: the slant delay is read from the map
+     * (~80–90% of the true ionosphere vs Klobuchar's ~50%), falling back
+     * to `iono` — if also supplied — only where the map has no value for
+     * an epoch/cell (a time gap; global maps always cover space). Omit for
+     * iono-free input.
+     */
+    gim?: IonexGrid;
     /**
      * Apply the broadcast group-delay correction (GPS TGD, Galileo
      * BGD E5a/E1, BeiDou TGD1) to the satellite clock. Correct for
@@ -513,4 +569,4 @@ declare function ionoFree(p1: number, p2: number, f1: number, f2: number): numbe
  */
 declare function solveSpp(pseudoranges: Map<string, number>, ephemerides: Map<string, Ephemeris>, timeMs: number, opts?: SppOptions): SppSolution | null;
 
-export { type DgnssOptions, type DgnssSolution, type EphemerisSource, type KlobucharCoeffs, type LambdaResult, type RawObservation, type RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, type RtkFloatOptions, type RtkFloatSolution, type RtkMeasurement, type SppOptions, type SppSolution, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch };
+export { type DgnssOptions, type DgnssSolution, type EphemerisSource, IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU, type KlobucharCoeffs, type LambdaResult, type RawObservation, type RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, type RtkFloatOptions, type RtkFloatSolution, type RtkMeasurement, type SppOptions, type SppSolution, gimSlantIonoDelayL1, gimVerticalTec, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch };

package/dist/positioning.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { E as Ephemeris } from './nav-DImXUdbp.js';
 import { DopValues } from './orbit.js';
+import { I as IonexGrid } from './ionex-DaW5x9nq.js';
 import './ephemeris-Ohl6NAfw.js';
 import './ecef-CF0uAysr.js';
 import './nav-CN8rxL4h.js';
@@ -34,6 +35,52 @@ interface KlobucharCoeffs {
  */
 declare function klobucharDelay(coeffs: KlobucharCoeffs, latRad: number, lonRad: number, azRad: number, elRad: number, gpsTowSec: number): number;
 
+/**
+ * Slant ionospheric delay from a Global Ionosphere Map (IONEX/GIM).
+ *
+ * A GIM gives vertical TEC on an hourly lat/lon grid (see
+ * {@link parseIonex}). For single-frequency positioning this is a much
+ * stronger correction than the broadcast Klobuchar model — GIMs capture
+ * ~80–90% of the true ionosphere versus Klobuchar's ~50% — so feeding
+ * `solveSpp` a GIM (the `gim` option) collapses most of the residual
+ * height bias a single-frequency solution otherwise carries.
+ *
+ * The evaluation is the standard thin-shell recipe: pierce the shell at
+ * {@link H_ION}, interpolate vertical TEC there (bilinear in space,
+ * linear in time), map to slant with the obliquity factor, and convert
+ * TEC → L1 group delay. The result is the delay on GPS L1; `solveSpp`
+ * scales it to each system's primary frequency by (f_L1/f)².
+ */
+
+/**
+ * L1 group delay per unit slant TEC: 40.3 · 10¹⁶ / f_L1² (m per TECU).
+ * 40.3 m·Hz²/(el/m²), one TECU = 10¹⁶ el/m². ≈ 0.1624 m/TECU.
+ */
+declare const IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU: number;
+/**
+ * Space- and time-interpolated vertical TEC (TECU) at `timeMs`, or null
+ * outside the map's time span or where the grid marks no value.
+ *
+ * IGS GIMs are global, so spatial coverage is total; a pierce point is
+ * bilinearly interpolated and clamped to the nearest edge cell rather
+ * than rejected. Null therefore signals a time gap or a no-value cell,
+ * not an out-of-area position.
+ */
+declare function gimVerticalTec(grid: IonexGrid, timeMs: number, latDeg: number, lonDeg: number): number | null;
+/**
+ * Slant ionospheric group delay on GPS L1 (m) from a GIM, or null when
+ * the pierce point falls outside the map's coverage in space or time.
+ *
+ * @param grid   Parsed IONEX grid ({@link parseIonex}).
+ * @param latRad Receiver geodetic latitude (radians).
+ * @param lonRad Receiver geodetic longitude (radians).
+ * @param azRad  Satellite azimuth (radians).
+ * @param elRad  Satellite elevation (radians).
+ * @param timeMs Epoch (ms). GIM epochs are UTC; a GPS-scale time differs
+ *   by leap seconds (~18 s), negligible against hourly maps.
+ */
+declare function gimSlantIonoDelayL1(grid: IonexGrid, latRad: number, lonRad: number, azRad: number, elRad: number, timeMs: number): number | null;
+
 /**
  * RTK positioning, stage 1: epoch-wise double-differenced (DD)
  * processing of a base/rover receiver pair.
@@ -441,7 +488,7 @@ declare function lambdaReduction(Q: Float64Array, n: number): Float64Array | nul
  * constellation (absorbing inter-system time offsets), satellite clock
  * polynomial + relativistic correction, broadcast group delay
  * (TGD/BGD), Sagnac (Earth-rotation) correction, elevation
- * masking/weighting, and a simple tropospheric model. Ionospheric
+ * masking/weighting, and a Saastamoinen tropospheric model. Ionospheric
  * delay can be modelled from the broadcast Klobuchar coefficients
  * (`iono` option) for single-frequency measurements; for metre-level
  * results prefer the iono-free combination (ionoFree helper) with
@@ -451,7 +498,7 @@ declare function lambdaReduction(Q: Float64Array, n: number): Float64Array | nul
 interface SppOptions {
     /** Elevation mask in degrees (applied after the first pass). Default 10. */
     elevationMaskDeg?: number;
-    /** Apply the simple tropospheric model. Default true. */
+    /** Apply the Saastamoinen tropospheric model. Default true. */
     troposphere?: boolean;
     /** Maximum Gauss-Newton iterations. Default 15. */
     maxIterations?: number;
@@ -465,6 +512,15 @@ interface SppOptions {
      * iono-free combinations.
      */
     iono?: KlobucharCoeffs;
+    /**
+     * Global Ionosphere Map (IONEX/GIM, from `parseIonex`). When given it
+     * takes precedence over `iono`: the slant delay is read from the map
+     * (~80–90% of the true ionosphere vs Klobuchar's ~50%), falling back
+     * to `iono` — if also supplied — only where the map has no value for
+     * an epoch/cell (a time gap; global maps always cover space). Omit for
+     * iono-free input.
+     */
+    gim?: IonexGrid;
     /**
      * Apply the broadcast group-delay correction (GPS TGD, Galileo
      * BGD E5a/E1, BeiDou TGD1) to the satellite clock. Correct for
@@ -513,4 +569,4 @@ declare function ionoFree(p1: number, p2: number, f1: number, f2: number): numbe
  */
 declare function solveSpp(pseudoranges: Map<string, number>, ephemerides: Map<string, Ephemeris>, timeMs: number, opts?: SppOptions): SppSolution | null;
 
-export { type DgnssOptions, type DgnssSolution, type EphemerisSource, type KlobucharCoeffs, type LambdaResult, type RawObservation, type RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, type RtkFloatOptions, type RtkFloatSolution, type RtkMeasurement, type SppOptions, type SppSolution, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch };
+export { type DgnssOptions, type DgnssSolution, type EphemerisSource, IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU, type KlobucharCoeffs, type LambdaResult, type RawObservation, type RtkEpochMeasurements, RtkFloatEngine, type RtkFloatOptions, type RtkFloatSolution, type RtkMeasurement, type SppOptions, type SppSolution, gimSlantIonoDelayL1, gimVerticalTec, ionoFree, klobucharDelay, lambdaReduction, lambdaSearch, satClockCorrection, solveDgnss, solveSpp, toRtkEpoch };

package/dist/positioning.js

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import {
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   RtkFloatEngine,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec,
   ionoFree,
   klobucharDelay,
   lambdaReduction,
@@ -8,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   solveDgnss,
   solveSpp,
   toRtkEpoch
-} from "./chunk-T2ZMNRCY.js";
+} from "./chunk-4XGKCVE3.js";
 import "./chunk-MHGNKSSH.js";
 import "./chunk-37QNKGTC.js";
 import "./chunk-6FAL6P4G.js";
@@ -16,7 +19,10 @@ import "./chunk-HVXYFUCB.js";
 import "./chunk-LEEU5OIO.js";
 import "./chunk-FIEWO4J4.js";
 export {
+  IONO_L1_M_PER_TECU,
   RtkFloatEngine,
+  gimSlantIonoDelayL1,
+  gimVerticalTec,
   ionoFree,
   klobucharDelay,
   lambdaReduction,

package/dist/rinex.d.cts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { R as RinexHeader } from './parser-JPjjFgeP.cjs';
 export { E as EpochSummary, P as ParseOptions, a as RinexResult, b as RinexStats, S as SYSTEM_ORDER, c as SatObsCallback, p as parseRinexStream, s as systemCmp, d as systemName } from './parser-JPjjFgeP.cjs';
 import { a as NavResult, N as NavHeader, E as Ephemeris, R as RinexCnavEphemeris } from './nav-DImXUdbp.cjs';
 export { G as GlonassEphemeris, K as KeplerEphemeris, p as parseNavFile } from './nav-DImXUdbp.cjs';
+export { I as IonexGrid, p as parseIonex } from './ionex-DaW5x9nq.cjs';
 
 /**
  * Compact RINEX (Hatanaka / CRX) decompression utilities.
@@ -155,28 +156,6 @@ interface Nav4Input {
  */
 declare function writeRinexNav4(nav: Nav4Input): string;
 
-/**
- * IONEX 1.0 parser — global ionosphere maps (GIMs) as published by
- * the IGS analysis centres (e.g. ESA0OPSRAP_*_GIM.INX).
- *
- * Returns the TEC maps in TECU on a regular lat/lon grid, one map per
- * epoch. RMS maps and the DCB auxiliary block are skipped.
- */
-interface IonexGrid {
-    /** Map epochs (Unix ms, UTC). */
-    epochs: number[];
-    /** Grid latitudes (degrees), in file order (typically 87.5 → −87.5). */
-    lats: number[];
-    /** Grid longitudes (degrees), in file order (typically −180 → 180). */
-    lons: number[];
-    /**
-     * TEC maps in TECU: maps[epochIdx][latIdx * lons.length + lonIdx].
-     * NaN where the file marks no value (9999).
-     */
-    maps: Float32Array[];
-}
-declare function parseIonex(text: string): IonexGrid;
-
 /**
  * SP3-c/-d precise orbit and clock parser, with Lagrange interpolation
  * for evaluating positions between the tabulated epochs.
@@ -305,4 +284,4 @@ declare function createGzipLineSink(): {
  */
 declare function stationHeaderLines(header: RinexHeader): string[];
 
-export { type CompactEpoch, type CrxField, type DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, Ephemeris, type IonexGrid, type Nav4Input, NavHeader, NavResult, RinexCnavEphemeris, RinexHeader, type RinexWarning, type RinexWarnings, type Sp3File, type Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, type WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseIonex, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob };
+export { type CompactEpoch, type CrxField, type DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, Ephemeris, type Nav4Input, NavHeader, NavResult, RinexCnavEphemeris, RinexHeader, type RinexWarning, type RinexWarnings, type Sp3File, type Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, type WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob };

package/dist/rinex.d.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { R as RinexHeader } from './parser-JPjjFgeP.js';
 export { E as EpochSummary, P as ParseOptions, a as RinexResult, b as RinexStats, S as SYSTEM_ORDER, c as SatObsCallback, p as parseRinexStream, s as systemCmp, d as systemName } from './parser-JPjjFgeP.js';
 import { a as NavResult, N as NavHeader, E as Ephemeris, R as RinexCnavEphemeris } from './nav-DImXUdbp.js';
 export { G as GlonassEphemeris, K as KeplerEphemeris, p as parseNavFile } from './nav-DImXUdbp.js';
+export { I as IonexGrid, p as parseIonex } from './ionex-DaW5x9nq.js';
 
 /**
  * Compact RINEX (Hatanaka / CRX) decompression utilities.
@@ -155,28 +156,6 @@ interface Nav4Input {
  */
 declare function writeRinexNav4(nav: Nav4Input): string;
 
-/**
- * IONEX 1.0 parser — global ionosphere maps (GIMs) as published by
- * the IGS analysis centres (e.g. ESA0OPSRAP_*_GIM.INX).
- *
- * Returns the TEC maps in TECU on a regular lat/lon grid, one map per
- * epoch. RMS maps and the DCB auxiliary block are skipped.
- */
-interface IonexGrid {
-    /** Map epochs (Unix ms, UTC). */
-    epochs: number[];
-    /** Grid latitudes (degrees), in file order (typically 87.5 → −87.5). */
-    lats: number[];
-    /** Grid longitudes (degrees), in file order (typically −180 → 180). */
-    lons: number[];
-    /**
-     * TEC maps in TECU: maps[epochIdx][latIdx * lons.length + lonIdx].
-     * NaN where the file marks no value (9999).
-     */
-    maps: Float32Array[];
-}
-declare function parseIonex(text: string): IonexGrid;
-
 /**
  * SP3-c/-d precise orbit and clock parser, with Lagrange interpolation
  * for evaluating positions between the tabulated epochs.
@@ -305,4 +284,4 @@ declare function createGzipLineSink(): {
  */
 declare function stationHeaderLines(header: RinexHeader): string[];
 
-export { type CompactEpoch, type CrxField, type DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, Ephemeris, type IonexGrid, type Nav4Input, NavHeader, NavResult, RinexCnavEphemeris, RinexHeader, type RinexWarning, type RinexWarnings, type Sp3File, type Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, type WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseIonex, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob };
+export { type CompactEpoch, type CrxField, type DiffState, EMPTY_WARNINGS, Ephemeris, type Nav4Input, NavHeader, NavResult, RinexCnavEphemeris, RinexHeader, type RinexWarning, type RinexWarnings, type Sp3File, type Sp3Sample, WarningAccumulator, type WarningSeverity, createGzipLineSink, crxDecompress, crxRepair, fmtD, fmtF, hdrLine, padL, padR, parseCrxDataLine, parseSp3, sp3Position, stationHeaderLines, writeModernObsBlob, writeRinex2ObsBlob, writeRinex4ObsBlob, writeRinexNav, writeRinexNav4, writeRinexObsBlob };

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "gnss-js",
-  "version": "1.24.0",
+  "version": "1.25.0",
   "description": "Comprehensive GNSS library for JavaScript — time scales, coordinates, RINEX parsing, RTCM3 decoding, orbit computation, and signal analysis",
   "type": "module",
   "sideEffects": false,