flatsql 0.2.0

package/LICENSE

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package/README.md

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+# FlatSQL
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/DigitalArsenal/flatsql/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/DigitalArsenal/flatsql/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/flatsql.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/flatsql)
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-green.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
+
+**SQL queries over raw FlatBuffer storage** — A streaming query engine that keeps data in native FlatBuffer format while providing SQL access via SQLite virtual tables.
+
+## Live Demo
+
+Try FlatSQL in your browser: **[https://digitalarsenal.github.io/flatsql/](https://digitalarsenal.github.io/flatsql/)**
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+npm install flatsql
+```
+
+## Quick Start
+
+```javascript
+import { initFlatSQL } from 'flatsql/wasm';
+
+// Initialize
+const flatsql = await initFlatSQL();
+
+// Create database with schema
+const db = flatsql.createDatabase(`
+  table User {
+    id: int (id);
+    name: string;
+    email: string (key);
+    age: int;
+  }
+`, 'myapp');
+
+// Register file identifier for routing
+db.registerFileId('USER', 'User');
+
+// Ingest FlatBuffer data (streaming)
+db.ingest(flatbufferStream);
+
+// Query with SQL
+const result = db.query('SELECT * FROM User WHERE age > 25');
+console.log(result.columns, result.rows);
+```
+
+## What is FlatSQL?
+
+FlatSQL bridges two technologies:
+
+- **[FlatBuffers](https://github.com/digitalarsenal/flatbuffers)** — Google's efficient cross-platform serialization library. Data is stored in binary format with zero-copy access (no parsing/unpacking needed).
+- **SQLite** — The most widely deployed SQL database engine, used here only for SQL parsing and query execution.
+
+The key insight: instead of converting FlatBuffers to SQLite rows (expensive), FlatSQL uses [SQLite virtual tables](https://sqlite.org/vtab.html) to query FlatBuffer data directly. Your data stays in portable FlatBuffer format, readable by any FlatBuffer tooling, while you get SQL query capabilities.
+
+## Why FlatSQL?
+
+Traditional approach:
+```
+FlatBuffer → Deserialize → SQLite rows → Query → Serialize → FlatBuffer
+```
+
+FlatSQL approach:
+```
+FlatBuffer → Query (via virtual table) → FlatBuffer
+```
+
+**Benefits:**
+- **Zero conversion overhead** — Data stays in FlatBuffer format
+- **Streaming ingestion** — Indexes built during data arrival, not after
+- **Portable output** — Exported data is standard FlatBuffers, readable by any tooling
+- **Multi-source federation** — Query across multiple FlatBuffer sources with automatic source tagging
+
+## Source Code
+
+| Repository | Description |
+|------------|-------------|
+| [digitalarsenal/flatsql](https://github.com/digitalarsenal/flatsql) | This project — FlatSQL query engine |
+| [digitalarsenal/flatbuffers](https://github.com/digitalarsenal/flatbuffers) | Fork of Google FlatBuffers with WASM support |
+| [flatc-wasm](https://digitalarsenal.github.io/flatbuffers/) | FlatBuffer compiler running in WebAssembly |
+
+## Usage
+
+### WASM (Browser/Node.js)
+
+The C++ engine compiles to WebAssembly for cross-platform deployment:
+
+```javascript
+import { initFlatSQL } from 'flatsql/wasm';
+
+const flatsql = await initFlatSQL();
+
+// Create database with schema
+const db = flatsql.createDatabase(`
+  table User {
+    id: int (id);
+    name: string;
+    email: string (key);
+    age: int;
+  }
+`, 'myapp');
+
+// Register file identifier routing
+db.registerFileId('USER', 'User');
+
+// Enable demo field extractors (for testing)
+db.enableDemoExtractors();
+
+// Ingest FlatBuffer stream
+// Format: [4-byte size LE][FlatBuffer][4-byte size LE][FlatBuffer]...
+db.ingest(streamData);
+
+// Query with SQL
+const result = db.query('SELECT id, name, email FROM User WHERE age > 25');
+console.log(result.columns); // ['id', 'name', 'email']
+console.log(result.rows);    // [[1, 'Alice', 'alice@example.com'], ...]
+
+// Export database
+const exported = db.exportData();
+
+// Cleanup
+db.destroy();
+```
+
+### TypeScript (Pure JavaScript)
+
+A TypeScript implementation for environments where WASM isn't available:
+
+```typescript
+import { FlatSQLDatabase, FlatcAccessor } from 'flatsql';
+import { FlatcRunner } from 'flatc-wasm';
+
+const flatc = await FlatcRunner.init();
+
+const schema = `
+  namespace App;
+
+  table User {
+    id: int (key);
+    name: string (required);
+    email: string;
+    age: int;
+  }
+`;
+
+const accessor = new FlatcAccessor(flatc, schema);
+const db = FlatSQLDatabase.fromSchema(schema, accessor, 'myapp');
+
+// Insert records
+db.insert('User', { id: 1, name: 'Alice', email: 'alice@example.com', age: 30 });
+db.insert('User', { id: 2, name: 'Bob', email: 'bob@example.com', age: 25 });
+
+// Query
+const result = db.query('SELECT name, email FROM User WHERE age > 20');
+console.log(result.rows);
+
+// Export as standard FlatBuffers
+const exported = db.exportData();
+```
+
+### Native C++ (Embedded)
+
+For performance-critical applications, link the C++ library directly:
+
+```cpp
+#include <flatsql/database.h>
+
+auto db = flatsql::FlatSQLDatabase::fromSchema(schema, "mydb");
+
+// Register file ID routing
+db.registerFileId("USER", "User");
+
+// Set field extractor
+db.setFieldExtractor("User", extractUserField);
+
+// Ingest streaming data
+size_t recordsIngested = 0;
+db.ingest(data, length, &recordsIngested);
+
+// Query
+auto result = db.query("SELECT * FROM User WHERE id = 5");
+for (size_t i = 0; i < result.rowCount(); i++) {
+    std::cout << result.getString(i, "name") << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+## Architecture
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                     FlatSQLDatabase                          │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│   SchemaParser        │      SQLiteEngine                    │
+│   (FlatBuffers IDL)   │      (Virtual Tables)                │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│                    TableStore (per table)                    │
+│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
+│  │  SQLite Indexes            Field Extractors             │ │
+│  │  (id, email, timestamp)    (getField callbacks)         │ │
+│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│              StackedFlatBufferStore (append-only)            │
+│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
+│  │ [Header][FB₁][FB₂][FB₃]...                           │   │
+│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Stream Format
+
+FlatSQL ingests size-prefixed FlatBuffer streams:
+
+```
+[4-byte size LE][FlatBuffer with file_id][4-byte size LE][FlatBuffer]...
+```
+
+The 4-byte file identifier in each FlatBuffer determines which table receives the record.
+
+## SQL Support
+
+### Supported
+
+- `SELECT` with column selection
+- `WHERE` with `=`, `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`, `BETWEEN`, `LIKE`, `AND`, `OR`
+- `ORDER BY` (ASC/DESC)
+- `LIMIT` and `OFFSET`
+- `COUNT(*)` aggregate
+- Index-accelerated queries on `(id)` and `(key)` columns
+
+### Not Supported
+
+- `JOIN` (query one table at a time)
+- `GROUP BY`, `HAVING`, most aggregates
+- `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE` (use API methods instead)
+- Subqueries, CTEs, window functions
+
+## Performance
+
+FlatSQL outperforms traditional SQLite on query operations:
+
+| Operation | FlatSQL | SQLite | Speedup |
+|-----------|---------|--------|---------|
+| Point query (by id) | 3.50 ms | 3.93 ms | 1.1x |
+| Point query (by key) | 5.23 ms | 6.94 ms | 1.3x |
+| Direct index lookup | 1.56 ms | 3.93 ms | 2.5x |
+| Full scan | 0.84 ms | 1.25 ms | 1.5x |
+| Direct iteration | 0.05 ms | 1.25 ms | 25x |
+
+*Benchmarks: 10,000 records, 10,000 query iterations, Apple M3 Ultra*
+
+## Performance Trade-offs
+
+FlatSQL uses SQLite's virtual table (VTable) API to expose FlatBuffer data as queryable tables. This architecture enables SQL queries over raw binary data, but comes with fundamental trade-offs that affect performance characteristics.
+
+### Access Paths
+
+FlatSQL provides three access paths with different performance profiles:
+
+| Access Path | Latency | Throughput | Use Case |
+|-------------|---------|------------|----------|
+| **Zero-Copy API** | 1.7 µs | 580K ops/sec | Direct index lookup, returns raw FlatBuffer pointer |
+| **VTable SQL** | 12.9 µs | 78K ops/sec | Full SQL queries via SQLite |
+| **Pure SQLite** | 2.5 µs | 400K ops/sec | Baseline comparison |
+
+### Why VTable Queries Are Slower Than Pure SQLite
+
+SQLite's VTable API has fundamental limitations that prevent FlatSQL from matching pure SQLite query performance:
+
+1. **Per-Column Extraction** — The `xColumn()` callback is invoked once per column per row. There is no batch API to extract multiple fields at once, meaning each field access has function call overhead.
+
+2. **Mandatory Value Conversion** — All values must be converted to SQLite's internal format via `sqlite3_result_*()` functions. Even though FlatBuffers already store data in an efficient binary format, we must convert strings to SQLite strings, integers to SQLite integers, etc.
+
+3. **Row-by-Row Processing** — The `xNext()` callback advances one row at a time with no vectorized or batch iteration. This prevents SIMD optimizations or processing multiple records per call.
+
+4. **No Direct Memory Access** — SQLite cannot read FlatBuffer memory directly; all data must flow through the VTable callback interface, adding overhead for every field access.
+
+### When to Use Each Access Path
+
+**Use the Zero-Copy API when:**
+- You need maximum throughput for point lookups
+- You're building hot paths that query by indexed keys
+- You can work directly with FlatBuffer data structures
+
+```cpp
+// Zero-copy: returns pointer to raw FlatBuffer (1.7 µs)
+const uint8_t* data = db.findRawByIndex("User", "email", email, &len);
+auto user = GetUser(data);  // Direct FlatBuffer access
+```
+
+**Use VTable SQL when:**
+- You need complex queries (filtering, sorting, aggregation)
+- Query flexibility is more important than raw speed
+- You're doing ad-hoc exploration of the data
+
+```cpp
+// VTable SQL: full query capability (12.9 µs)
+auto result = db.query("SELECT * FROM User WHERE age > 25 ORDER BY name");
+```
+
+### Architecture: SQLite-Backed Indexes
+
+FlatSQL uses SQLite's highly optimized B-tree for indexing (not a custom implementation). This provides:
+
+- **Battle-tested performance** — SQLite's B-tree is used by billions of devices
+- **Consistent behavior** — Same indexing code path as pure SQLite
+- **Fast path optimization** — Type-specific lookups bypass `std::variant` overhead
+
+The index stores `(key, sequence) → (offset, length)` mappings, allowing O(log n) lookups that return pointers directly into the FlatBuffer storage.
+
+### Trade-off Summary
+
+| Aspect | FlatSQL | Pure SQLite |
+|--------|---------|-------------|
+| Point lookup (indexed) | **1.4x faster** (zero-copy API) | Baseline |
+| SQL queries | 5-7x slower (VTable overhead) | Baseline |
+| Storage format | FlatBuffers (portable, zero-copy) | SQLite pages |
+| Data conversion | None (zero-copy) or on-demand | Always required |
+| Streaming ingest | Append-only, real-time indexing | Row-by-row inserts |
+
+**Bottom line:** FlatSQL excels when you need streaming ingestion of FlatBuffer data with SQL query capability. Use the zero-copy API for performance-critical lookups; use SQL for complex queries where flexibility matters more than speed.
+
+## Building from Source
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- Node.js 18+
+- CMake 3.20+ (for WASM builds)
+- Emscripten (for WASM builds)
+
+### TypeScript Build
+
+```bash
+npm install
+npm run build
+npm test
+```
+
+### WASM Build
+
+```bash
+# Clone DA-FlatBuffers (required dependency)
+git clone https://github.com/DigitalArsenal/flatbuffers.git ../flatbuffers
+
+# Build WASM
+cd cpp
+emcmake cmake -B build-wasm -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+cmake --build build-wasm
+```
+
+Output: `wasm/flatsql.js` and `wasm/flatsql.wasm`
+
+### Run Demo Locally
+
+```bash
+npm run serve
+# Open http://localhost:8081
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+### initFlatSQL()
+
+```typescript
+import { initFlatSQL } from 'flatsql/wasm';
+
+const flatsql = await initFlatSQL();
+```
+
+### createDatabase(schema, name)
+
+```typescript
+const db = flatsql.createDatabase(schemaString, 'dbname');
+```
+
+### db.registerFileId(fileId, tableName)
+
+```typescript
+db.registerFileId('USER', 'User');  // Route "USER" FlatBuffers to User table
+```
+
+### db.ingest(data, source?)
+
+```typescript
+const bytesConsumed = db.ingest(uint8ArrayStream);
+// Or with source tagging (requires registerSource first):
+const bytesConsumed = db.ingest(uint8ArrayStream, 'satellite-1');
+```
+
+### db.query(sql)
+
+```typescript
+const result = db.query('SELECT * FROM User WHERE age > 25');
+// result.columns: string[]
+// result.rows: any[][]
+```
+
+### db.exportData()
+
+```typescript
+const data = db.exportData();  // Returns Uint8Array
+```
+
+### db.registerSource(sourceName)
+
+```typescript
+db.registerSource('satellite-1');  // Creates User@satellite-1, Post@satellite-1, etc.
+```
+
+### db.createUnifiedViews()
+
+```typescript
+db.createUnifiedViews();  // Creates unified views with _source column
+```
+
+### db.listSources()
+
+```typescript
+const sources = db.listSources();  // ['satellite-1', 'satellite-2', ...]
+```
+
+## Multi-Source Queries
+
+FlatSQL supports federating multiple data sources with the same schema. Each source gets its own set of tables, and you can query them individually or across all sources.
+
+### Use Case
+
+Imagine you have multiple satellites streaming telemetry data with the same schema:
+
+```javascript
+// Register sources
+db.registerSource('satellite-1');
+db.registerSource('satellite-2');
+db.registerSource('ground-station');
+
+// Register file IDs and extractors (must be done after registerSource)
+db.registerFileId('TELE', 'Telemetry');
+db.enableDemoExtractors();
+
+// Create unified views (call once after all sources registered)
+db.createUnifiedViews();
+
+// Ingest from different sources
+db.ingest(satellite1Stream, 'satellite-1');
+db.ingest(satellite2Stream, 'satellite-2');
+db.ingest(groundStream, 'ground-station');
+
+// Query a specific source
+db.query('SELECT * FROM "Telemetry@satellite-1" WHERE signal > 50');
+
+// Query across all sources (unified view)
+db.query('SELECT * FROM Telemetry WHERE timestamp > 1000');
+```
+
+### Table Naming Convention
+
+- **Source-specific tables**: `TableName@sourceName` (e.g., `User@siteA`, `Telemetry@satellite-1`)
+- **Unified views**: `TableName` (e.g., `User`, `Telemetry`) - combines all source tables with a `_source` column
+
+### The _source Column
+
+Unified views include a `_source` column that identifies which source each row came from:
+
+```sql
+-- See source for each record
+SELECT _source, id, name FROM User LIMIT 10;
+
+-- Count records by source
+SELECT _source, COUNT(*) as count FROM User GROUP BY _source;
+
+-- Filter by source in unified view
+SELECT * FROM User WHERE _source = 'satellite-1';
+```
+
+## License
+
+Apache 2.0
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions welcome. Please open an issue first to discuss significant changes.
+
+## Contact
+
+For questions, licensing inquiries, or commercial support: [tj@digitalarsenal.io](mailto:tj@digitalarsenal.io)
+
+---
+
+Built on [DA-FlatBuffers](https://digitalarsenal.github.io/flatbuffers/) and [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/).