fcad-core-dragon 2.1.0-beta.4 → 2.1.1

package/src/module/xapi/xapiStatement.js

@@ -1,444 +1,444 @@
-import verbs from './verbs'
-
-export function xapiStatement(ADL) {
-  function _getobj(obj, path) {
-    var parts = path.split('.')
-
-    var part = parts[0]
-    path = parts.slice(1).join('.')
-
-    if (!obj[part]) {
-      if (/\[\]$/.test(part)) {
-        part = part.slice(0, -2)
-        if (!Array.isArray(obj[part])) {
-          obj[part] = []
-        }
-      } else obj[part] = {}
-    }
-
-    if (!path) return obj[part]
-    else return _getobj(obj[part], path)
-  }
-
-  /*******************************************************************************
-   * XAPIStatement - a convenience class to wrap statement objects
-   *
-   * This sub-API is supposed to make it easier to author valid xAPI statements
-   * by adding constructors and encouraging best practices. All objects in this
-   * API are fully JSON-compatible, so anything expecting an xAPI statement can
-   * take an improved statement and vice versa.
-   *
-   * A working knowledge of what exactly the LRS expects is still expected,
-   * but it's easier to map an 'I did this' statement to xAPI now.
-   *
-   * Tech note: All constructors also double as shallow clone functions. E.g.
-   *
-   *   var activity1 = new Activity('A walk in the park');
-   *   var activity2 = new Activity(activity1);
-   *   var activity3 = new Activity(stmt_from_lrs.object);
-   *
-   *******************************************************************************/
-
-  /*
-   * A convenient JSON-compatible xAPI statement wrapper
-   * All args are optional, but the statement may not be complete or valid
-   * Can also pass an Agent IFI, Verb ID, and an Activity ID in lieu of these args
-   * @param {string} [actor]   The Agent or Group committing the action described by the statement
-   * @param {string} [verb]   The Verb for the action described by the statement
-   * @param {string} [object]   The receiver of the action. An Agent, Group, Activity, SubStatement, or StatementRef
-   * @example
-   * var stmt = new ADL.XAPIStatement(
-   *     'mailto:steve.vergenz.ctr@adlnet.gov',
-   *    'http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/launched',
-   *    'http://vwf.adlnet.gov/xapi/virtual_world_sandbox'
-   * );
-   * >> {
-   * "actor": {
-   *     "objectType": "Agent",
-   *     "mbox": "mailto:steve.vergenz.ctr@adlnet.gov" },
-   * "verb": {
-   *     "id": "http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/launched" },
-   * "object": {
-   *     "objectType": "Activity",
-   *     "id": "http://vwf.adlnet.gov/xapi/virtual_world_sandbox" },
-   * "result": {
-   *      "An optional property that represents a measured outcome related to the Statement in which it is included."}}
-   */
-  var XAPIStatement = function (actor, verb, object, context, result) {
-    // initialize
-
-    // if first arg is an xapi statement, parse
-    if (actor && actor.actor && actor.verb && actor.object) {
-      var stmt = actor
-      for (var i in stmt) {
-        if (i != 'actor' && i != 'verb' && i != 'object') this[i] = stmt[i]
-      }
-      actor = stmt.actor
-      verb = stmt.verb
-      object = stmt.object
-    }
-
-    if (actor) {
-      if (actor instanceof Agent) this.actor = actor
-      else if (actor.objectType === 'Agent' || !actor.objectType)
-        this.actor = new Agent(actor)
-      else if (actor.objectType === 'Group') this.actor = new Group(actor)
-    } else this.actor = null
-
-    if (verb) {
-      this._setVerb(verb)
-      // if (verb instanceof Verb) this.verb = verb
-      // else this.verb = new Verb(verb)
-    } else this.verb = null
-
-    // decide what kind of object was passed
-    if (object) {
-      // if (object.objectType === 'Activity' || !object.objectType) {
-      //   if (object instanceof Activity) this.object = object
-      //   else this.object = new Activity(object)
-      // } else if (object.objectType === 'Agent') {
-      //   if (object instanceof Agent) this.object = object
-      //   else this.object = new Agent(object)
-      // } else if (object.objectType === 'Group') {
-      //   if (object instanceof Group) this.object = object
-      //   else this.object = new Group(object)
-      // } else if (object.objectType === 'StatementRef') {
-      //   if (object instanceof StatementRef) this.object = object
-      //   else this.object = new StatementRef(object)
-      // } else if (object.objectType === 'SubStatement') {
-      //   if (object instanceof SubStatement) this.object = object
-      //   else this.object = new SubStatement(object)
-      // } else this.object = null
-      this._setObject(object)
-    } else this.object = null
-
-    // add support for result object
-    if (result) {
-      this.result = result
-    }
-
-    // add support for result context
-    if (context) {
-      this.context = context
-    }
-
-    this.generateId = function () {
-      this.id = ADL.ruuid()
-    }
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype.toString = function () {
-    return (
-      this.actor.toString() +
-      ' ' +
-      this.verb.toString() +
-      ' ' +
-      this.object.toString() +
-      ' ' +
-      this.result.toString()
-    )
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype.isValid = function () {
-    return (
-      this.actor &&
-      this.actor.isValid() &&
-      this.verb &&
-      this.verb.isValid() &&
-      this.object &&
-      this.object.isValid() &&
-      this.result &&
-      this.result.isValid()
-    )
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype.generateRegistration = function () {
-    _getobj(this, 'context').registration = ADL.ruuid()
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype.addParentActivity = function (activity) {
-    _getobj(this, 'context.contextActivities.parent[]').push(
-      new Activity(activity)
-    )
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype.addGroupingActivity = function (activity) {
-    _getobj(this, 'context.contextActivities.grouping[]').push(
-      new Activity(activity)
-    )
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype.addOtherContextActivity = function (activity) {
-    _getobj(this, 'context.contextActivities.other[]').push(
-      new Activity(activity)
-    )
-  }
-
-  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  XAPIStatement.prototype._setActor = function (email, name, objectType) {
-    let actor = {
-      mbox: 'mailto:' + email,
-      name: name,
-      objectType: ''
-    }
-    actor.objectType = objectType || 'Agent'
-
-    this.actor = actor
-  }
-
-  /* helper function to set/change the verb of a statement
-   * @Params {String | Object} verb
-   *
-   */
-  XAPIStatement.prototype._setVerb = function (verb) {
-    if (verb instanceof Verb) this.verb = verb
-    else if (verbs[verb]) this.verb = verbs[verb]
-    else this.verb = new Verb(verb)
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype._setObject = function (object) {
-    if (object.objectType === 'Activity' || !object.objectType) {
-      if (object instanceof Activity) this.object = object
-      else this.object = new Activity(object)
-    } else if (object.objectType === 'Agent') {
-      if (object instanceof Agent) this.object = object
-      else this.object = new Agent(object)
-    } else if (object.objectType === 'Group') {
-      if (object instanceof Group) this.object = object
-      else this.object = new Group(object)
-    } else if (object.objectType === 'StatementRef') {
-      if (object instanceof StatementRef) this.object = object
-      else this.object = new StatementRef(object)
-    } else if (object.objectType === 'SubStatement') {
-      if (object instanceof SubStatement) this.object = object
-      else this.object = new SubStatement(object)
-    } else this.object = null
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype._setResultScore = function (
-    score,
-    scoreScale,
-    scoreMin,
-    scoreMax
-  ) {
-    if (!this.result) this.result = {}
-    this.result.score = {
-      scaled: scoreScale || 1,
-      min: scoreMin,
-      max: scoreMax,
-      raw: score
-    }
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype._setResultKey = function (key, value) {
-    if (!this.result) this.result = {} //define the result key
-    //define the extra keys of the result
-    if (key == 'success') this.result.success = value
-    else if (key == 'response') this.result.response = value
-    else if (key == 'duration') this.result.duration = value
-    else if (key == 'extensions') this.result.extensions = value
-    else if (key == 'completion') this.result.completion = value
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.prototype._setContext = function (context) {
-    if (typeof context !== 'object') throw 'this not a valid context'
-    if (!this.context)
-      Object.defineProperty(this, 'context', { value: {}, writable: true })
-    this.context = { ...context }
-
-    // if (key == 'instructor') this.context.instructor = value
-    // else if (key == 'contextActivities') this.context.contextActivities = value
-  }
-
-  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-  /*
-   * Provides an easy constructor for xAPI agent objects
-   * @param {string} identifier   One of the Inverse Functional Identifiers specified in the spec.
-   *     That is, an email, a hashed email, an OpenID, or an account object.
-   *     See (https://github.com/adlnet/xAPI-Spec/blob/master/xAPI.md#inversefunctional)
-   * @param {string} [name]   The natural-language name of the agent
-   */
-  var Agent = function (identifier, name) {
-    this.objectType = 'Agent'
-    this.name = name
-
-    // figure out what type of identifier was given
-    if (
-      identifier &&
-      (identifier.mbox ||
-        identifier.mbox_sha1sum ||
-        identifier.openid ||
-        identifier.account)
-    ) {
-      for (var i in identifier) {
-        this[i] = identifier[i]
-      }
-    } else if (/^mailto:/.test(identifier)) {
-      this.mbox = identifier
-    } else if (/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/i.test(identifier)) {
-      this.mbox_sha1sum = identifier
-    } else if (/^http[s]?:/.test(identifier)) {
-      this.openid = identifier
-    } else if (identifier && identifier.homePage && identifier.name) {
-      this.account = identifier
-    }
-  }
-  Agent.prototype.toString = function () {
-    return (
-      this.name ||
-      this.mbox ||
-      this.openid ||
-      this.mbox_sha1sum ||
-      this.account.name
-    )
-  }
-  Agent.prototype.isValid = function () {
-    return (
-      this.mbox ||
-      this.mbox_sha1sum ||
-      this.openid ||
-      (this.account.homePage && this.account.name) ||
-      (this.objectType === 'Group' && this.member)
-    )
-  }
-
-  /*
-   * A type of agent, can contain multiple agents
-   * @param {string} [identifier]   (optional if `members` specified) See Agent.
-   * @param {string} [members]    An array of Agents describing the membership of the group
-   * @param {string} [name]   The natural-language name of the agent
-   */
-  var Group = function (identifier, members, name) {
-    Agent.call(this, identifier, name)
-    this.member = members
-    this.objectType = 'Group'
-  }
-  Group.prototype = new Agent()
-
-  /*
-   * Really only provides a convenient language map
-   * @param {string} id   The IRI of the action taken
-   * @param {string} [description]    An English-language description, or a Language Map
-   */
-  var Verb = function (id, description) {
-    // if passed a verb object then copy and return
-    if (id && id.id) {
-      for (var i in id) {
-        this[i] = id[i]
-      }
-      return
-    }
-
-    // save id and build language map
-    this.id = id
-    if (description) {
-      if (typeof description === 'string' || description instanceof String) {
-        this.display = { 'en-US': description }
-      } else {
-        this.display = description
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  Verb.prototype.toString = function () {
-    if (this.display && (this.display['en-US'] || this.display['en']))
-      return this.display['en-US'] || this.display['en']
-    else return this.id
-  }
-  Verb.prototype.isValid = function () {
-    return this.id
-  }
-
-  /*
-   * Describes an object that an agent interacts with
-   * @param {string} id   The unique activity IRI
-   * @param {string} name   An English-language identifier for the activity, or a Language Map
-   * @param {string} description   An English-language description of the activity, or a Language Map
-   */
-  var Activity = function (id, name, description) {
-    // if first arg is activity, copy everything over
-    if (id && id.id) {
-      var act = id
-      for (var i in act) {
-        this[i] = act[i]
-      }
-      return
-    }
-
-    this.objectType = 'Activity'
-    this.id = id
-    if (name || description) {
-      this.definition = {}
-
-      if (typeof name === 'string' || name instanceof String)
-        this.definition.name = { 'en-US': name }
-      else if (name) this.definition.name = name
-
-      if (typeof description === 'string' || description instanceof String)
-        this.definition.description = { 'en-US': description }
-      else if (description) this.definition.description = description
-    }
-  }
-  Activity.prototype.toString = function () {
-    if (
-      this.definition &&
-      this.definition.name &&
-      (this.definition.name['en-US'] || this.definition.name['en'])
-    )
-      return this.definition.name['en-US'] || this.definition.name['en']
-    else return this.id
-  }
-  Activity.prototype.isValid = function () {
-    return this.id && (!this.objectType || this.objectType === 'Activity')
-  }
-
-  /*
-   * An object that refers to a separate statement
-   * @param {string} id   The UUID of another xAPI statement
-   */
-  var StatementRef = function (id) {
-    if (id && id.id) {
-      for (var i in id) {
-        this[i] = id[i]
-      }
-    } else {
-      this.objectType = 'StatementRef'
-      this.id = id
-    }
-  }
-  StatementRef.prototype.toString = function () {
-    return 'statement(' + this.id + ')'
-  }
-  StatementRef.prototype.isValid = function () {
-    return this.id && this.objectType && this.objectType === 'StatementRef'
-  }
-
-  /*
-   * A self-contained statement as the object of another statement
-   * See XAPIStatement for constructor details
-   * @param {string} actor   The Agent or Group committing the action described by the statement
-   * @param {string} verb   The Verb for the action described by the statement
-   * @param {string} object   The receiver of the action. An Agent, Group, Activity, or StatementRef
-   */
-  var SubStatement = function (actor, verb, object) {
-    XAPIStatement.call(this, actor, verb, object)
-    this.objectType = 'SubStatement'
-
-    delete this.id
-    delete this.stored
-    delete this.version
-    delete this.authority
-  }
-  SubStatement.prototype = new XAPIStatement()
-  SubStatement.prototype.toString = function () {
-    return '"' + SubStatement.prototype.prototype.toString.call(this) + '"'
-  }
-
-  XAPIStatement.Agent = Agent
-  XAPIStatement.Group = Group
-  XAPIStatement.Verb = Verb
-  XAPIStatement.Activity = Activity
-  XAPIStatement.StatementRef = StatementRef
-  XAPIStatement.SubStatement = SubStatement
-  ADL.XAPIStatement = XAPIStatement
-}
+import verbs from './verbs'
+
+export function xapiStatement(ADL) {
+  function _getobj(obj, path) {
+    var parts = path.split('.')
+
+    var part = parts[0]
+    path = parts.slice(1).join('.')
+
+    if (!obj[part]) {
+      if (/\[\]$/.test(part)) {
+        part = part.slice(0, -2)
+        if (!Array.isArray(obj[part])) {
+          obj[part] = []
+        }
+      } else obj[part] = {}
+    }
+
+    if (!path) return obj[part]
+    else return _getobj(obj[part], path)
+  }
+
+  /*******************************************************************************
+   * XAPIStatement - a convenience class to wrap statement objects
+   *
+   * This sub-API is supposed to make it easier to author valid xAPI statements
+   * by adding constructors and encouraging best practices. All objects in this
+   * API are fully JSON-compatible, so anything expecting an xAPI statement can
+   * take an improved statement and vice versa.
+   *
+   * A working knowledge of what exactly the LRS expects is still expected,
+   * but it's easier to map an 'I did this' statement to xAPI now.
+   *
+   * Tech note: All constructors also double as shallow clone functions. E.g.
+   *
+   *   var activity1 = new Activity('A walk in the park');
+   *   var activity2 = new Activity(activity1);
+   *   var activity3 = new Activity(stmt_from_lrs.object);
+   *
+   *******************************************************************************/
+
+  /*
+   * A convenient JSON-compatible xAPI statement wrapper
+   * All args are optional, but the statement may not be complete or valid
+   * Can also pass an Agent IFI, Verb ID, and an Activity ID in lieu of these args
+   * @param {string} [actor]   The Agent or Group committing the action described by the statement
+   * @param {string} [verb]   The Verb for the action described by the statement
+   * @param {string} [object]   The receiver of the action. An Agent, Group, Activity, SubStatement, or StatementRef
+   * @example
+   * var stmt = new ADL.XAPIStatement(
+   *     'mailto:steve.vergenz.ctr@adlnet.gov',
+   *    'http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/launched',
+   *    'http://vwf.adlnet.gov/xapi/virtual_world_sandbox'
+   * );
+   * >> {
+   * "actor": {
+   *     "objectType": "Agent",
+   *     "mbox": "mailto:steve.vergenz.ctr@adlnet.gov" },
+   * "verb": {
+   *     "id": "http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/launched" },
+   * "object": {
+   *     "objectType": "Activity",
+   *     "id": "http://vwf.adlnet.gov/xapi/virtual_world_sandbox" },
+   * "result": {
+   *      "An optional property that represents a measured outcome related to the Statement in which it is included."}}
+   */
+  var XAPIStatement = function (actor, verb, object, context, result) {
+    // initialize
+
+    // if first arg is an xapi statement, parse
+    if (actor && actor.actor && actor.verb && actor.object) {
+      var stmt = actor
+      for (var i in stmt) {
+        if (i != 'actor' && i != 'verb' && i != 'object') this[i] = stmt[i]
+      }
+      actor = stmt.actor
+      verb = stmt.verb
+      object = stmt.object
+    }
+
+    if (actor) {
+      if (actor instanceof Agent) this.actor = actor
+      else if (actor.objectType === 'Agent' || !actor.objectType)
+        this.actor = new Agent(actor)
+      else if (actor.objectType === 'Group') this.actor = new Group(actor)
+    } else this.actor = null
+
+    if (verb) {
+      this._setVerb(verb)
+      // if (verb instanceof Verb) this.verb = verb
+      // else this.verb = new Verb(verb)
+    } else this.verb = null
+
+    // decide what kind of object was passed
+    if (object) {
+      // if (object.objectType === 'Activity' || !object.objectType) {
+      //   if (object instanceof Activity) this.object = object
+      //   else this.object = new Activity(object)
+      // } else if (object.objectType === 'Agent') {
+      //   if (object instanceof Agent) this.object = object
+      //   else this.object = new Agent(object)
+      // } else if (object.objectType === 'Group') {
+      //   if (object instanceof Group) this.object = object
+      //   else this.object = new Group(object)
+      // } else if (object.objectType === 'StatementRef') {
+      //   if (object instanceof StatementRef) this.object = object
+      //   else this.object = new StatementRef(object)
+      // } else if (object.objectType === 'SubStatement') {
+      //   if (object instanceof SubStatement) this.object = object
+      //   else this.object = new SubStatement(object)
+      // } else this.object = null
+      this._setObject(object)
+    } else this.object = null
+
+    // add support for result object
+    if (result) {
+      this.result = result
+    }
+
+    // add support for result context
+    if (context) {
+      this.context = context
+    }
+
+    this.generateId = function () {
+      this.id = ADL.ruuid()
+    }
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return (
+      this.actor.toString() +
+      ' ' +
+      this.verb.toString() +
+      ' ' +
+      this.object.toString() +
+      ' ' +
+      this.result.toString()
+    )
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype.isValid = function () {
+    return (
+      this.actor &&
+      this.actor.isValid() &&
+      this.verb &&
+      this.verb.isValid() &&
+      this.object &&
+      this.object.isValid() &&
+      this.result &&
+      this.result.isValid()
+    )
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype.generateRegistration = function () {
+    _getobj(this, 'context').registration = ADL.ruuid()
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype.addParentActivity = function (activity) {
+    _getobj(this, 'context.contextActivities.parent[]').push(
+      new Activity(activity)
+    )
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype.addGroupingActivity = function (activity) {
+    _getobj(this, 'context.contextActivities.grouping[]').push(
+      new Activity(activity)
+    )
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype.addOtherContextActivity = function (activity) {
+    _getobj(this, 'context.contextActivities.other[]').push(
+      new Activity(activity)
+    )
+  }
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  XAPIStatement.prototype._setActor = function (email, name, objectType) {
+    let actor = {
+      mbox: 'mailto:' + email,
+      name: name,
+      objectType: ''
+    }
+    actor.objectType = objectType || 'Agent'
+
+    this.actor = actor
+  }
+
+  /* helper function to set/change the verb of a statement
+   * @Params {String | Object} verb
+   *
+   */
+  XAPIStatement.prototype._setVerb = function (verb) {
+    if (verb instanceof Verb) this.verb = verb
+    else if (verbs[verb]) this.verb = verbs[verb]
+    else this.verb = new Verb(verb)
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype._setObject = function (object) {
+    if (object.objectType === 'Activity' || !object.objectType) {
+      if (object instanceof Activity) this.object = object
+      else this.object = new Activity(object)
+    } else if (object.objectType === 'Agent') {
+      if (object instanceof Agent) this.object = object
+      else this.object = new Agent(object)
+    } else if (object.objectType === 'Group') {
+      if (object instanceof Group) this.object = object
+      else this.object = new Group(object)
+    } else if (object.objectType === 'StatementRef') {
+      if (object instanceof StatementRef) this.object = object
+      else this.object = new StatementRef(object)
+    } else if (object.objectType === 'SubStatement') {
+      if (object instanceof SubStatement) this.object = object
+      else this.object = new SubStatement(object)
+    } else this.object = null
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype._setResultScore = function (
+    score,
+    scoreScale,
+    scoreMin,
+    scoreMax
+  ) {
+    if (!this.result) this.result = {}
+    this.result.score = {
+      scaled: scoreScale || 1,
+      min: scoreMin,
+      max: scoreMax,
+      raw: score
+    }
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype._setResultKey = function (key, value) {
+    if (!this.result) this.result = {} //define the result key
+    //define the extra keys of the result
+    if (key == 'success') this.result.success = value
+    else if (key == 'response') this.result.response = value
+    else if (key == 'duration') this.result.duration = value
+    else if (key == 'extensions') this.result.extensions = value
+    else if (key == 'completion') this.result.completion = value
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.prototype._setContext = function (context) {
+    if (typeof context !== 'object') throw 'this not a valid context'
+    if (!this.context)
+      Object.defineProperty(this, 'context', { value: {}, writable: true })
+    this.context = { ...context }
+
+    // if (key == 'instructor') this.context.instructor = value
+    // else if (key == 'contextActivities') this.context.contextActivities = value
+  }
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /*
+   * Provides an easy constructor for xAPI agent objects
+   * @param {string} identifier   One of the Inverse Functional Identifiers specified in the spec.
+   *     That is, an email, a hashed email, an OpenID, or an account object.
+   *     See (https://github.com/adlnet/xAPI-Spec/blob/master/xAPI.md#inversefunctional)
+   * @param {string} [name]   The natural-language name of the agent
+   */
+  var Agent = function (identifier, name) {
+    this.objectType = 'Agent'
+    this.name = name
+
+    // figure out what type of identifier was given
+    if (
+      identifier &&
+      (identifier.mbox ||
+        identifier.mbox_sha1sum ||
+        identifier.openid ||
+        identifier.account)
+    ) {
+      for (var i in identifier) {
+        this[i] = identifier[i]
+      }
+    } else if (/^mailto:/.test(identifier)) {
+      this.mbox = identifier
+    } else if (/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/i.test(identifier)) {
+      this.mbox_sha1sum = identifier
+    } else if (/^http[s]?:/.test(identifier)) {
+      this.openid = identifier
+    } else if (identifier && identifier.homePage && identifier.name) {
+      this.account = identifier
+    }
+  }
+  Agent.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return (
+      this.name ||
+      this.mbox ||
+      this.openid ||
+      this.mbox_sha1sum ||
+      this.account.name
+    )
+  }
+  Agent.prototype.isValid = function () {
+    return (
+      this.mbox ||
+      this.mbox_sha1sum ||
+      this.openid ||
+      (this.account.homePage && this.account.name) ||
+      (this.objectType === 'Group' && this.member)
+    )
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * A type of agent, can contain multiple agents
+   * @param {string} [identifier]   (optional if `members` specified) See Agent.
+   * @param {string} [members]    An array of Agents describing the membership of the group
+   * @param {string} [name]   The natural-language name of the agent
+   */
+  var Group = function (identifier, members, name) {
+    Agent.call(this, identifier, name)
+    this.member = members
+    this.objectType = 'Group'
+  }
+  Group.prototype = new Agent()
+
+  /*
+   * Really only provides a convenient language map
+   * @param {string} id   The IRI of the action taken
+   * @param {string} [description]    An English-language description, or a Language Map
+   */
+  var Verb = function (id, description) {
+    // if passed a verb object then copy and return
+    if (id && id.id) {
+      for (var i in id) {
+        this[i] = id[i]
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    // save id and build language map
+    this.id = id
+    if (description) {
+      if (typeof description === 'string' || description instanceof String) {
+        this.display = { 'en-US': description }
+      } else {
+        this.display = description
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  Verb.prototype.toString = function () {
+    if (this.display && (this.display['en-US'] || this.display['en']))
+      return this.display['en-US'] || this.display['en']
+    else return this.id
+  }
+  Verb.prototype.isValid = function () {
+    return this.id
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Describes an object that an agent interacts with
+   * @param {string} id   The unique activity IRI
+   * @param {string} name   An English-language identifier for the activity, or a Language Map
+   * @param {string} description   An English-language description of the activity, or a Language Map
+   */
+  var Activity = function (id, name, description) {
+    // if first arg is activity, copy everything over
+    if (id && id.id) {
+      var act = id
+      for (var i in act) {
+        this[i] = act[i]
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    this.objectType = 'Activity'
+    this.id = id
+    if (name || description) {
+      this.definition = {}
+
+      if (typeof name === 'string' || name instanceof String)
+        this.definition.name = { 'en-US': name }
+      else if (name) this.definition.name = name
+
+      if (typeof description === 'string' || description instanceof String)
+        this.definition.description = { 'en-US': description }
+      else if (description) this.definition.description = description
+    }
+  }
+  Activity.prototype.toString = function () {
+    if (
+      this.definition &&
+      this.definition.name &&
+      (this.definition.name['en-US'] || this.definition.name['en'])
+    )
+      return this.definition.name['en-US'] || this.definition.name['en']
+    else return this.id
+  }
+  Activity.prototype.isValid = function () {
+    return this.id && (!this.objectType || this.objectType === 'Activity')
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * An object that refers to a separate statement
+   * @param {string} id   The UUID of another xAPI statement
+   */
+  var StatementRef = function (id) {
+    if (id && id.id) {
+      for (var i in id) {
+        this[i] = id[i]
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.objectType = 'StatementRef'
+      this.id = id
+    }
+  }
+  StatementRef.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return 'statement(' + this.id + ')'
+  }
+  StatementRef.prototype.isValid = function () {
+    return this.id && this.objectType && this.objectType === 'StatementRef'
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * A self-contained statement as the object of another statement
+   * See XAPIStatement for constructor details
+   * @param {string} actor   The Agent or Group committing the action described by the statement
+   * @param {string} verb   The Verb for the action described by the statement
+   * @param {string} object   The receiver of the action. An Agent, Group, Activity, or StatementRef
+   */
+  var SubStatement = function (actor, verb, object) {
+    XAPIStatement.call(this, actor, verb, object)
+    this.objectType = 'SubStatement'
+
+    delete this.id
+    delete this.stored
+    delete this.version
+    delete this.authority
+  }
+  SubStatement.prototype = new XAPIStatement()
+  SubStatement.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return '"' + SubStatement.prototype.prototype.toString.call(this) + '"'
+  }
+
+  XAPIStatement.Agent = Agent
+  XAPIStatement.Group = Group
+  XAPIStatement.Verb = Verb
+  XAPIStatement.Activity = Activity
+  XAPIStatement.StatementRef = StatementRef
+  XAPIStatement.SubStatement = SubStatement
+  ADL.XAPIStatement = XAPIStatement
+}