fca-shankar-bot 19.0.0 → 20.0.0

package/.config/npm/node_global/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/pylib/gyp/generator/msvs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3976 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+
+import ntpath
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+import gyp.common
+import gyp.generator.ninja as ninja_generator
+from gyp import (
+    MSVSNew,
+    MSVSProject,
+    MSVSSettings,
+    MSVSToolFile,
+    MSVSUserFile,
+    MSVSUtil,
+    MSVSVersion,
+    easy_xml,
+)
+from gyp.common import GypError, OrderedSet
+
+# Regular expression for validating Visual Studio GUIDs.  If the GUID
+# contains lowercase hex letters, MSVS will be fine. However,
+# IncrediBuild BuildConsole will parse the solution file, but then
+# silently skip building the target causing hard to track down errors.
+# Note that this only happens with the BuildConsole, and does not occur
+# if IncrediBuild is executed from inside Visual Studio.  This regex
+# validates that the string looks like a GUID with all uppercase hex
+# letters.
+VALID_MSVS_GUID_CHARS = re.compile(r"^[A-F0-9\-]+$")
+
+generator_supports_multiple_toolsets = gyp.common.CrossCompileRequested()
+
+generator_default_variables = {
+    "DRIVER_PREFIX": "",
+    "DRIVER_SUFFIX": ".sys",
+    "EXECUTABLE_PREFIX": "",
+    "EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX": ".exe",
+    "STATIC_LIB_PREFIX": "",
+    "SHARED_LIB_PREFIX": "",
+    "STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX": ".lib",
+    "SHARED_LIB_SUFFIX": ".dll",
+    "INTERMEDIATE_DIR": "$(IntDir)",
+    "SHARED_INTERMEDIATE_DIR": "$(OutDir)/obj/global_intermediate",
+    "OS": "win",
+    "PRODUCT_DIR": "$(OutDir)",
+    "LIB_DIR": "$(OutDir)lib",
+    "RULE_INPUT_ROOT": "$(InputName)",
+    "RULE_INPUT_DIRNAME": "$(InputDir)",
+    "RULE_INPUT_EXT": "$(InputExt)",
+    "RULE_INPUT_NAME": "$(InputFileName)",
+    "RULE_INPUT_PATH": "$(InputPath)",
+    "CONFIGURATION_NAME": "$(ConfigurationName)",
+}
+
+
+# The msvs specific sections that hold paths
+generator_additional_path_sections = [
+    "msvs_cygwin_dirs",
+    "msvs_props",
+]
+
+
+generator_additional_non_configuration_keys = [
+    "msvs_cygwin_dirs",
+    "msvs_cygwin_shell",
+    "msvs_large_pdb",
+    "msvs_shard",
+    "msvs_external_builder",
+    "msvs_external_builder_out_dir",
+    "msvs_external_builder_build_cmd",
+    "msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd",
+    "msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd",
+    "msvs_enable_winrt",
+    "msvs_requires_importlibrary",
+    "msvs_enable_winphone",
+    "msvs_application_type_revision",
+    "msvs_target_platform_version",
+    "msvs_target_platform_minversion",
+]
+
+generator_filelist_paths = None
+
+# List of precompiled header related keys.
+precomp_keys = [
+    "msvs_precompiled_header",
+    "msvs_precompiled_source",
+]
+
+
+cached_username = None
+
+
+cached_domain = None
+
+
+# TODO(gspencer): Switch the os.environ calls to be
+# win32api.GetDomainName() and win32api.GetUserName() once the
+# python version in depot_tools has been updated to work on Vista
+# 64-bit.
+def _GetDomainAndUserName():
+    if sys.platform not in ("win32", "cygwin"):
+        return ("DOMAIN", "USERNAME")
+    global cached_username
+    global cached_domain
+    if not cached_domain or not cached_username:
+        domain = os.environ.get("USERDOMAIN")
+        username = os.environ.get("USERNAME")
+        if not domain or not username:
+            call = subprocess.Popen(
+                ["net", "config", "Workstation"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            config = call.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8")
+            username_re = re.compile(r"^User name\s+(\S+)", re.MULTILINE)
+            username_match = username_re.search(config)
+            if username_match:
+                username = username_match.group(1)
+            domain_re = re.compile(r"^Logon domain\s+(\S+)", re.MULTILINE)
+            domain_match = domain_re.search(config)
+            if domain_match:
+                domain = domain_match.group(1)
+        cached_domain = domain
+        cached_username = username
+    return (cached_domain, cached_username)
+
+
+fixpath_prefix = None
+
+
+def _NormalizedSource(source):
+    """Normalize the path.
+
+  But not if that gets rid of a variable, as this may expand to something
+  larger than one directory.
+
+  Arguments:
+      source: The path to be normalize.d
+
+  Returns:
+      The normalized path.
+  """
+    normalized = os.path.normpath(source)
+    if source.count("$") == normalized.count("$"):
+        source = normalized
+    return source
+
+
+def _FixPath(path, separator="\\"):
+    """Convert paths to a form that will make sense in a vcproj file.
+
+  Arguments:
+    path: The path to convert, may contain / etc.
+  Returns:
+    The path with all slashes made into backslashes.
+  """
+    if (
+        fixpath_prefix
+        and path
+        and not os.path.isabs(path)
+        and path[0] != "$"
+        and not _IsWindowsAbsPath(path)
+    ):
+        path = os.path.join(fixpath_prefix, path)
+    if separator == "\\":
+        path = path.replace("/", "\\")
+    path = _NormalizedSource(path)
+    if separator == "/":
+        path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+    if path and path[-1] == separator:
+        path = path[:-1]
+    return path
+
+
+def _IsWindowsAbsPath(path):
+    """
+  On Cygwin systems Python needs a little help determining if a path
+  is an absolute Windows path or not, so that
+  it does not treat those as relative, which results in bad paths like:
+  '..\\C:\\<some path>\\some_source_code_file.cc'
+  """
+    return path.startswith(("c:", "C:"))
+
+
+def _FixPaths(paths, separator="\\"):
+    """Fix each of the paths of the list."""
+    return [_FixPath(i, separator) for i in paths]
+
+
+def _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy(
+    sources, prefix=None, excluded=None, list_excluded=True, msvs_version=None
+):
+    """Converts a list split source file paths into a vcproj folder hierarchy.
+
+  Arguments:
+    sources: A list of source file paths split.
+    prefix: A list of source file path layers meant to apply to each of sources.
+    excluded: A set of excluded files.
+    msvs_version: A MSVSVersion object.
+
+  Returns:
+    A hierarchy of filenames and MSVSProject.Filter objects that matches the
+    layout of the source tree.
+    For example:
+    _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy([['a', 'bob1.c'], ['b', 'bob2.c']],
+                                     prefix=['joe'])
+    -->
+    [MSVSProject.Filter('a', contents=['joe\\a\\bob1.c']),
+     MSVSProject.Filter('b', contents=['joe\\b\\bob2.c'])]
+  """
+    if not prefix:
+        prefix = []
+    result = []
+    excluded_result = []
+    folders = OrderedDict()
+    # Gather files into the final result, excluded, or folders.
+    for s in sources:
+        if len(s) == 1:
+            filename = _NormalizedSource("\\".join(prefix + s))
+            if filename in excluded:
+                excluded_result.append(filename)
+            else:
+                result.append(filename)
+        elif msvs_version and not msvs_version.UsesVcxproj():
+            # For MSVS 2008 and earlier, we need to process all files before walking
+            # the sub folders.
+            if not folders.get(s[0]):
+                folders[s[0]] = []
+            folders[s[0]].append(s[1:])
+        else:
+            contents = _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy(
+                [s[1:]],
+                prefix + [s[0]],
+                excluded=excluded,
+                list_excluded=list_excluded,
+                msvs_version=msvs_version,
+            )
+            contents = MSVSProject.Filter(s[0], contents=contents)
+            result.append(contents)
+    # Add a folder for excluded files.
+    if excluded_result and list_excluded:
+        excluded_folder = MSVSProject.Filter(
+            "_excluded_files", contents=excluded_result
+        )
+        result.append(excluded_folder)
+
+    if msvs_version and msvs_version.UsesVcxproj():
+        return result
+
+    # Populate all the folders.
+    for f in folders:
+        contents = _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy(
+            folders[f],
+            prefix=prefix + [f],
+            excluded=excluded,
+            list_excluded=list_excluded,
+            msvs_version=msvs_version,
+        )
+        contents = MSVSProject.Filter(f, contents=contents)
+        result.append(contents)
+    return result
+
+
+def _ToolAppend(tools, tool_name, setting, value, only_if_unset=False):
+    if not value:
+        return
+    _ToolSetOrAppend(tools, tool_name, setting, value, only_if_unset)
+
+
+def _ToolSetOrAppend(tools, tool_name, setting, value, only_if_unset=False):
+    # TODO(bradnelson): ugly hack, fix this more generally!!!
+    if "Directories" in setting or "Dependencies" in setting:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = value.replace("/", "\\")
+        else:
+            value = [i.replace("/", "\\") for i in value]
+    if not tools.get(tool_name):
+        tools[tool_name] = {}
+    tool = tools[tool_name]
+    if setting == "CompileAsWinRT":
+        return
+    if tool.get(setting):
+        if only_if_unset:
+            return
+        if isinstance(tool[setting], list) and isinstance(value, list):
+            tool[setting] += value
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                'Appending "%s" to a non-list setting "%s" for tool "%s" is '
+                "not allowed, previous value: %s"
+                % (value, setting, tool_name, str(tool[setting]))
+            )
+    else:
+        tool[setting] = value
+
+
+def _ConfigTargetVersion(config_data):
+    return config_data.get("msvs_target_version", "Windows7")
+
+
+def _ConfigPlatform(config_data):
+    return config_data.get("msvs_configuration_platform", "Win32")
+
+
+def _ConfigBaseName(config_name, platform_name):
+    if config_name.endswith("_" + platform_name):
+        return config_name[0 : -len(platform_name) - 1]
+    else:
+        return config_name
+
+
+def _ConfigFullName(config_name, config_data):
+    platform_name = _ConfigPlatform(config_data)
+    return f"{_ConfigBaseName(config_name, platform_name)}|{platform_name}"
+
+
+def _ConfigWindowsTargetPlatformVersion(config_data, version):
+    target_ver = config_data.get("msvs_windows_target_platform_version")
+    if target_ver and re.match(r"^\d+", target_ver):
+        return target_ver
+    config_ver = config_data.get("msvs_windows_sdk_version")
+    vers = [config_ver] if config_ver else version.compatible_sdks
+    for ver in vers:
+        for key in [
+            r"HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\%s",
+            r"HKLM\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\%s",
+        ]:
+            sdk_dir = MSVSVersion._RegistryGetValue(key % ver, "InstallationFolder")
+            if not sdk_dir:
+                continue
+            version = MSVSVersion._RegistryGetValue(key % ver, "ProductVersion") or ""
+            # Find a matching entry in sdk_dir\include.
+            expected_sdk_dir = r"%s\include" % sdk_dir
+            names = sorted(
+                (
+                    x
+                    for x in (
+                        os.listdir(expected_sdk_dir)
+                        if os.path.isdir(expected_sdk_dir)
+                        else []
+                    )
+                    if x.startswith(version)
+                ),
+                reverse=True,
+            )
+            if names:
+                return names[0]
+            else:
+                print(
+                    "Warning: No include files found for detected "
+                    "Windows SDK version %s" % (version),
+                    file=sys.stdout,
+                )
+
+
+def _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+    spec, cmd, cygwin_shell, has_input_path, quote_cmd, do_setup_env
+):
+
+    if [x for x in cmd if "$(InputDir)" in x]:
+        input_dir_preamble = (
+            "set INPUTDIR=$(InputDir)\n"
+            "if NOT DEFINED INPUTDIR set INPUTDIR=.\\\n"
+            "set INPUTDIR=%INPUTDIR:~0,-1%\n"
+        )
+    else:
+        input_dir_preamble = ""
+
+    if cygwin_shell:
+        # Find path to cygwin.
+        cygwin_dir = _FixPath(spec.get("msvs_cygwin_dirs", ["."])[0])
+        # Prepare command.
+        direct_cmd = cmd
+        direct_cmd = [
+            i.replace("$(IntDir)", '`cygpath -m "${INTDIR}"`') for i in direct_cmd
+        ]
+        direct_cmd = [
+            i.replace("$(OutDir)", '`cygpath -m "${OUTDIR}"`') for i in direct_cmd
+        ]
+        direct_cmd = [
+            i.replace("$(InputDir)", '`cygpath -m "${INPUTDIR}"`') for i in direct_cmd
+        ]
+        if has_input_path:
+            direct_cmd = [
+                i.replace("$(InputPath)", '`cygpath -m "${INPUTPATH}"`')
+                for i in direct_cmd
+            ]
+        direct_cmd = ['\\"%s\\"' % i.replace('"', '\\\\\\"') for i in direct_cmd]
+        # direct_cmd = gyp.common.EncodePOSIXShellList(direct_cmd)
+        direct_cmd = " ".join(direct_cmd)
+        # TODO(quote):  regularize quoting path names throughout the module
+        cmd = ""
+        if do_setup_env:
+            cmd += 'call "$(ProjectDir)%(cygwin_dir)s\\setup_env.bat" && '
+        cmd += "set CYGWIN=nontsec&& "
+        if direct_cmd.find("NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS") >= 0:
+            cmd += "set /a NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS_PLUS_1=%%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%%+1&& "
+        if direct_cmd.find("INTDIR") >= 0:
+            cmd += "set INTDIR=$(IntDir)&& "
+        if direct_cmd.find("OUTDIR") >= 0:
+            cmd += "set OUTDIR=$(OutDir)&& "
+        if has_input_path and direct_cmd.find("INPUTPATH") >= 0:
+            cmd += "set INPUTPATH=$(InputPath) && "
+        cmd += 'bash -c "%(cmd)s"'
+        cmd = cmd % {"cygwin_dir": cygwin_dir, "cmd": direct_cmd}
+        return input_dir_preamble + cmd
+    else:
+        # Convert cat --> type to mimic unix.
+        command = ["type"] if cmd[0] == "cat" else [cmd[0].replace("/", "\\")]
+        # Add call before command to ensure that commands can be tied together one
+        # after the other without aborting in Incredibuild, since IB makes a bat
+        # file out of the raw command string, and some commands (like python) are
+        # actually batch files themselves.
+        command.insert(0, "call")
+        # Fix the paths
+        # TODO(quote): This is a really ugly heuristic, and will miss path fixing
+        #              for arguments like "--arg=path", arg=path, or "/opt:path".
+        # If the argument starts with a slash or dash, or contains an equal sign,
+        # it's probably a command line switch.
+        # Return the path with forward slashes because the command using it might
+        # not support backslashes.
+        arguments = [
+            i if (i[:1] in "/-" or "=" in i) else _FixPath(i, "/")
+            for i in cmd[1:]
+        ]
+        arguments = [i.replace("$(InputDir)", "%INPUTDIR%") for i in arguments]
+        arguments = [MSVSSettings.FixVCMacroSlashes(i) for i in arguments]
+        if quote_cmd:
+            # Support a mode for using cmd directly.
+            # Convert any paths to native form (first element is used directly).
+            # TODO(quote):  regularize quoting path names throughout the module
+            command[1] = '"%s"' % command[1]
+            arguments = ['"%s"' % i for i in arguments]
+        # Collapse into a single command.
+        return input_dir_preamble + " ".join(command + arguments)
+
+
+def _BuildCommandLineForRule(spec, rule, has_input_path, do_setup_env):
+    # Currently this weird argument munging is used to duplicate the way a
+    # python script would need to be run as part of the chrome tree.
+    # Eventually we should add some sort of rule_default option to set this
+    # per project. For now the behavior chrome needs is the default.
+    mcs = rule.get("msvs_cygwin_shell")
+    if mcs is None:
+        mcs = int(spec.get("msvs_cygwin_shell", 1))
+    elif isinstance(mcs, str):
+        mcs = int(mcs)
+    quote_cmd = int(rule.get("msvs_quote_cmd", 1))
+    return _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+        spec, rule["action"], mcs, has_input_path, quote_cmd, do_setup_env=do_setup_env
+    )
+
+
+def _AddActionStep(actions_dict, inputs, outputs, description, command):
+    """Merge action into an existing list of actions.
+
+  Care must be taken so that actions which have overlapping inputs either don't
+  get assigned to the same input, or get collapsed into one.
+
+  Arguments:
+    actions_dict: dictionary keyed on input name, which maps to a list of
+      dicts describing the actions attached to that input file.
+    inputs: list of inputs
+    outputs: list of outputs
+    description: description of the action
+    command: command line to execute
+  """
+    # Require there to be at least one input (call sites will ensure this).
+    assert inputs
+
+    action = {
+        "inputs": inputs,
+        "outputs": outputs,
+        "description": description,
+        "command": command,
+    }
+
+    # Pick where to stick this action.
+    # While less than optimal in terms of build time, attach them to the first
+    # input for now.
+    chosen_input = inputs[0]
+
+    # Add it there.
+    if chosen_input not in actions_dict:
+        actions_dict[chosen_input] = []
+    actions_dict[chosen_input].append(action)
+
+
+def _AddCustomBuildToolForMSVS(
+    p, spec, primary_input, inputs, outputs, description, cmd
+):
+    """Add a custom build tool to execute something.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the target project
+    spec: the target project dict
+    primary_input: input file to attach the build tool to
+    inputs: list of inputs
+    outputs: list of outputs
+    description: description of the action
+    cmd: command line to execute
+  """
+    inputs = _FixPaths(inputs)
+    outputs = _FixPaths(outputs)
+    tool = MSVSProject.Tool(
+        "VCCustomBuildTool",
+        {
+            "Description": description,
+            "AdditionalDependencies": ";".join(inputs),
+            "Outputs": ";".join(outputs),
+            "CommandLine": cmd,
+        },
+    )
+    # Add to the properties of primary input for each config.
+    for config_name, c_data in spec["configurations"].items():
+        p.AddFileConfig(
+            _FixPath(primary_input), _ConfigFullName(config_name, c_data), tools=[tool]
+        )
+
+
+def _AddAccumulatedActionsToMSVS(p, spec, actions_dict):
+    """Add actions accumulated into an actions_dict, merging as needed.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the target project
+    spec: the target project dict
+    actions_dict: dictionary keyed on input name, which maps to a list of
+        dicts describing the actions attached to that input file.
+  """
+    for primary_input in actions_dict:
+        inputs = OrderedSet()
+        outputs = OrderedSet()
+        descriptions = []
+        commands = []
+        for action in actions_dict[primary_input]:
+            inputs.update(OrderedSet(action["inputs"]))
+            outputs.update(OrderedSet(action["outputs"]))
+            descriptions.append(action["description"])
+            commands.append(action["command"])
+        # Add the custom build step for one input file.
+        description = ", and also ".join(descriptions)
+        command = "\r\n".join(commands)
+        _AddCustomBuildToolForMSVS(
+            p,
+            spec,
+            primary_input=primary_input,
+            inputs=inputs,
+            outputs=outputs,
+            description=description,
+            cmd=command,
+        )
+
+
+def _RuleExpandPath(path, input_file):
+    """Given the input file to which a rule applied, string substitute a path.
+
+  Arguments:
+    path: a path to string expand
+    input_file: the file to which the rule applied.
+  Returns:
+    The string substituted path.
+  """
+    path = path.replace(
+        "$(InputName)", os.path.splitext(os.path.split(input_file)[1])[0]
+    )
+    path = path.replace("$(InputDir)", os.path.dirname(input_file))
+    path = path.replace(
+        "$(InputExt)", os.path.splitext(os.path.split(input_file)[1])[1]
+    )
+    path = path.replace("$(InputFileName)", os.path.split(input_file)[1])
+    path = path.replace("$(InputPath)", input_file)
+    return path
+
+
+def _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources):
+    """Find the list of files which a particular rule applies to.
+
+  Arguments:
+    rule: the rule in question
+    sources: the set of all known source files for this project
+  Returns:
+    The list of sources that trigger a particular rule.
+  """
+    return rule.get("rule_sources", [])
+
+
+def _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, trigger_file):
+    """Find the inputs and outputs generated by a rule.
+
+  Arguments:
+    rule: the rule in question.
+    trigger_file: the main trigger for this rule.
+  Returns:
+    The pair of (inputs, outputs) involved in this rule.
+  """
+    raw_inputs = _FixPaths(rule.get("inputs", []))
+    raw_outputs = _FixPaths(rule.get("outputs", []))
+    inputs = OrderedSet()
+    outputs = OrderedSet()
+    inputs.add(trigger_file)
+    for i in raw_inputs:
+        inputs.add(_RuleExpandPath(i, trigger_file))
+    for o in raw_outputs:
+        outputs.add(_RuleExpandPath(o, trigger_file))
+    return (inputs, outputs)
+
+
+def _GenerateNativeRulesForMSVS(p, rules, output_dir, spec, options):
+    """Generate a native rules file.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the target project
+    rules: the set of rules to include
+    output_dir: the directory in which the project/gyp resides
+    spec: the project dict
+    options: global generator options
+  """
+    rules_filename = "{}{}.rules".format(spec["target_name"], options.suffix)
+    rules_file = MSVSToolFile.Writer(
+        os.path.join(output_dir, rules_filename), spec["target_name"]
+    )
+    # Add each rule.
+    for r in rules:
+        rule_name = r["rule_name"]
+        rule_ext = r["extension"]
+        inputs = _FixPaths(r.get("inputs", []))
+        outputs = _FixPaths(r.get("outputs", []))
+        # Skip a rule with no action and no inputs.
+        if "action" not in r and not r.get("rule_sources", []):
+            continue
+        cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRule(spec, r, has_input_path=True, do_setup_env=True)
+        rules_file.AddCustomBuildRule(
+            name=rule_name,
+            description=r.get("message", rule_name),
+            extensions=[rule_ext],
+            additional_dependencies=inputs,
+            outputs=outputs,
+            cmd=cmd,
+        )
+    # Write out rules file.
+    rules_file.WriteIfChanged()
+
+    # Add rules file to project.
+    p.AddToolFile(rules_filename)
+
+
+def _Cygwinify(path):
+    path = path.replace("$(OutDir)", "$(OutDirCygwin)")
+    path = path.replace("$(IntDir)", "$(IntDirCygwin)")
+    return path
+
+
+def _GenerateExternalRules(rules, output_dir, spec, sources, options, actions_to_add):
+    """Generate an external makefile to do a set of rules.
+
+  Arguments:
+    rules: the list of rules to include
+    output_dir: path containing project and gyp files
+    spec: project specification data
+    sources: set of sources known
+    options: global generator options
+    actions_to_add: The list of actions we will add to.
+  """
+    filename = "{}_rules{}.mk".format(spec["target_name"], options.suffix)
+    mk_file = gyp.common.WriteOnDiff(os.path.join(output_dir, filename))
+    # Find cygwin style versions of some paths.
+    mk_file.write('OutDirCygwin:=$(shell cygpath -u "$(OutDir)")\n')
+    mk_file.write('IntDirCygwin:=$(shell cygpath -u "$(IntDir)")\n')
+    # Gather stuff needed to emit all: target.
+    all_inputs = OrderedSet()
+    all_outputs = OrderedSet()
+    all_output_dirs = OrderedSet()
+    first_outputs = []
+    for rule in rules:
+        trigger_files = _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources)
+        for tf in trigger_files:
+            inputs, outputs = _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, tf)
+            all_inputs.update(OrderedSet(inputs))
+            all_outputs.update(OrderedSet(outputs))
+            # Only use one target from each rule as the dependency for
+            # 'all' so we don't try to build each rule multiple times.
+            first_outputs.append(next(iter(outputs)))
+            # Get the unique output directories for this rule.
+            output_dirs = [os.path.split(i)[0] for i in outputs]
+            for od in output_dirs:
+                all_output_dirs.add(od)
+    first_outputs_cyg = [_Cygwinify(i) for i in first_outputs]
+    # Write out all: target, including mkdir for each output directory.
+    mk_file.write("all: %s\n" % " ".join(first_outputs_cyg))
+    for od in all_output_dirs:
+        if od:
+            mk_file.write('\tmkdir -p `cygpath -u "%s"`\n' % od)
+    mk_file.write("\n")
+    # Define how each output is generated.
+    for rule in rules:
+        trigger_files = _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources)
+        for tf in trigger_files:
+            # Get all the inputs and outputs for this rule for this trigger file.
+            inputs, outputs = _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, tf)
+            inputs = [_Cygwinify(i) for i in inputs]
+            outputs = [_Cygwinify(i) for i in outputs]
+            # Prepare the command line for this rule.
+            cmd = [_RuleExpandPath(c, tf) for c in rule["action"]]
+            cmd = ['"%s"' % i for i in cmd]
+            cmd = " ".join(cmd)
+            # Add it to the makefile.
+            mk_file.write("{}: {}\n".format(" ".join(outputs), " ".join(inputs)))
+            mk_file.write("\t%s\n\n" % cmd)
+    # Close up the file.
+    mk_file.close()
+
+    # Add makefile to list of sources.
+    sources.add(filename)
+    # Add a build action to call makefile.
+    cmd = [
+        "make",
+        "OutDir=$(OutDir)",
+        "IntDir=$(IntDir)",
+        "-j",
+        "${NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS_PLUS_1}",
+        "-f",
+        filename,
+    ]
+    cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(spec, cmd, True, False, True, True)
+    # Insert makefile as 0'th input, so it gets the action attached there,
+    # as this is easier to understand from in the IDE.
+    all_inputs = list(all_inputs)
+    all_inputs.insert(0, filename)
+    _AddActionStep(
+        actions_to_add,
+        inputs=_FixPaths(all_inputs),
+        outputs=_FixPaths(all_outputs),
+        description="Running external rules for %s" % spec["target_name"],
+        command=cmd,
+    )
+
+
+def _EscapeEnvironmentVariableExpansion(s):
+    """Escapes % characters.
+
+  Escapes any % characters so that Windows-style environment variable
+  expansions will leave them alone.
+  See http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/106127/cl-d-name-text-containing-percentage-characters-doesnt-compile
+  to understand why we have to do this.
+
+  Args:
+      s: The string to be escaped.
+
+  Returns:
+      The escaped string.
+  """
+    s = s.replace("%", "%%")
+    return s
+
+
+quote_replacer_regex = re.compile(r'(\\*)"')
+
+
+def _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSVS(s):
+    """Escapes a Windows command-line argument.
+
+  So that the Win32 CommandLineToArgv function will turn the escaped result back
+  into the original string.
+  See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft.aspx
+  ("Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments") to understand why we have to do
+  this.
+
+  Args:
+      s: the string to be escaped.
+  Returns:
+      the escaped string.
+  """
+
+    def _Replace(match):
+        # For a literal quote, CommandLineToArgv requires an odd number of
+        # backslashes preceding it, and it produces half as many literal backslashes
+        # (rounded down). So we need to produce 2n+1 backslashes.
+        return 2 * match.group(1) + '\\"'
+
+    # Escape all quotes so that they are interpreted literally.
+    s = quote_replacer_regex.sub(_Replace, s)
+    # Now add unescaped quotes so that any whitespace is interpreted literally.
+    s = '"' + s + '"'
+    return s
+
+
+delimiters_replacer_regex = re.compile(r"(\\*)([,;]+)")
+
+
+def _EscapeVCProjCommandLineArgListItem(s):
+    """Escapes command line arguments for MSVS.
+
+  The VCProj format stores string lists in a single string using commas and
+  semi-colons as separators, which must be quoted if they are to be
+  interpreted literally. However, command-line arguments may already have
+  quotes, and the VCProj parser is ignorant of the backslash escaping
+  convention used by CommandLineToArgv, so the command-line quotes and the
+  VCProj quotes may not be the same quotes. So to store a general
+  command-line argument in a VCProj list, we need to parse the existing
+  quoting according to VCProj's convention and quote any delimiters that are
+  not already quoted by that convention. The quotes that we add will also be
+  seen by CommandLineToArgv, so if backslashes precede them then we also have
+  to escape those backslashes according to the CommandLineToArgv
+  convention.
+
+  Args:
+      s: the string to be escaped.
+  Returns:
+      the escaped string.
+  """
+
+    def _Replace(match):
+        # For a non-literal quote, CommandLineToArgv requires an even number of
+        # backslashes preceding it, and it produces half as many literal
+        # backslashes. So we need to produce 2n backslashes.
+        return 2 * match.group(1) + '"' + match.group(2) + '"'
+
+    segments = s.split('"')
+    # The unquoted segments are at the even-numbered indices.
+    for i in range(0, len(segments), 2):
+        segments[i] = delimiters_replacer_regex.sub(_Replace, segments[i])
+    # Concatenate back into a single string
+    s = '"'.join(segments)
+    if len(segments) % 2 == 0:
+        # String ends while still quoted according to VCProj's convention. This
+        # means the delimiter and the next list item that follow this one in the
+        # .vcproj file will be misinterpreted as part of this item. There is nothing
+        # we can do about this. Adding an extra quote would correct the problem in
+        # the VCProj but cause the same problem on the final command-line. Moving
+        # the item to the end of the list does works, but that's only possible if
+        # there's only one such item. Let's just warn the user.
+        print(
+            "Warning: MSVS may misinterpret the odd number of " + "quotes in " + s,
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+    return s
+
+
+def _EscapeCppDefineForMSVS(s):
+    """Escapes a CPP define so that it will reach the compiler unaltered."""
+    s = _EscapeEnvironmentVariableExpansion(s)
+    s = _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSVS(s)
+    s = _EscapeVCProjCommandLineArgListItem(s)
+    # cl.exe replaces literal # characters with = in preprocessor definitions for
+    # some reason. Octal-encode to work around that.
+    s = s.replace("#", "\\%03o" % ord("#"))
+    return s
+
+
+quote_replacer_regex2 = re.compile(r'(\\+)"')
+
+
+def _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSBuild(s):
+    """Escapes a Windows command-line argument for use by MSBuild."""
+
+    def _Replace(match):
+        return (len(match.group(1)) / 2 * 4) * "\\" + '\\"'
+
+    # Escape all quotes so that they are interpreted literally.
+    s = quote_replacer_regex2.sub(_Replace, s)
+    return s
+
+
+def _EscapeMSBuildSpecialCharacters(s):
+    escape_dictionary = {
+        "%": "%25",
+        "$": "%24",
+        "@": "%40",
+        "'": "%27",
+        ";": "%3B",
+        "?": "%3F",
+        "*": "%2A",
+    }
+    result = "".join([escape_dictionary.get(c, c) for c in s])
+    return result
+
+
+def _EscapeCppDefineForMSBuild(s):
+    """Escapes a CPP define so that it will reach the compiler unaltered."""
+    s = _EscapeEnvironmentVariableExpansion(s)
+    s = _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSBuild(s)
+    s = _EscapeMSBuildSpecialCharacters(s)
+    # cl.exe replaces literal # characters with = in preprocessor definitions for
+    # some reason. Octal-encode to work around that.
+    s = s.replace("#", "\\%03o" % ord("#"))
+    return s
+
+
+def _GenerateRulesForMSVS(
+    p, output_dir, options, spec, sources, excluded_sources, actions_to_add
+):
+    """Generate all the rules for a particular project.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the project
+    output_dir: directory to emit rules to
+    options: global options passed to the generator
+    spec: the specification for this project
+    sources: the set of all known source files in this project
+    excluded_sources: the set of sources excluded from normal processing
+    actions_to_add: deferred list of actions to add in
+  """
+    rules = spec.get("rules", [])
+    rules_native = [r for r in rules if not int(r.get("msvs_external_rule", 0))]
+    rules_external = [r for r in rules if int(r.get("msvs_external_rule", 0))]
+
+    # Handle rules that use a native rules file.
+    if rules_native:
+        _GenerateNativeRulesForMSVS(p, rules_native, output_dir, spec, options)
+
+    # Handle external rules (non-native rules).
+    if rules_external:
+        _GenerateExternalRules(
+            rules_external, output_dir, spec, sources, options, actions_to_add
+        )
+    _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, False)
+
+
+def _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, is_msbuild):
+    # Add outputs generated by each rule (if applicable).
+    for rule in rules:
+        # Add in the outputs from this rule.
+        trigger_files = _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources)
+        for trigger_file in trigger_files:
+            # Remove trigger_file from excluded_sources to let the rule be triggered
+            # (e.g. rule trigger ax_enums.idl is added to excluded_sources
+            # because it's also in an action's inputs in the same project)
+            excluded_sources.discard(_FixPath(trigger_file))
+            # Done if not processing outputs as sources.
+            if int(rule.get("process_outputs_as_sources", False)):
+                inputs, outputs = _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, trigger_file)
+                inputs = OrderedSet(_FixPaths(inputs))
+                outputs = OrderedSet(_FixPaths(outputs))
+                inputs.remove(_FixPath(trigger_file))
+                sources.update(inputs)
+                if not is_msbuild:
+                    excluded_sources.update(inputs)
+                sources.update(outputs)
+
+
+def _FilterActionsFromExcluded(excluded_sources, actions_to_add):
+    """Take inputs with actions attached out of the list of exclusions.
+
+  Arguments:
+    excluded_sources: list of source files not to be built.
+    actions_to_add: dict of actions keyed on source file they're attached to.
+  Returns:
+    excluded_sources with files that have actions attached removed.
+  """
+    must_keep = OrderedSet(_FixPaths(actions_to_add.keys()))
+    return [s for s in excluded_sources if s not in must_keep]
+
+
+def _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec):
+    return spec["configurations"][spec["default_configuration"]]
+
+
+def _GetGuidOfProject(proj_path, spec):
+    """Get the guid for the project.
+
+  Arguments:
+    proj_path: Path of the vcproj or vcxproj file to generate.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    the guid.
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: if the specified GUID is invalid.
+  """
+    # Pluck out the default configuration.
+    default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec)
+    # Decide the guid of the project.
+    guid = default_config.get("msvs_guid")
+    if guid:
+        if VALID_MSVS_GUID_CHARS.match(guid) is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'Invalid MSVS guid: "%s".  Must match regex: "%s".'
+                % (guid, VALID_MSVS_GUID_CHARS.pattern)
+            )
+        guid = "{%s}" % guid
+    guid = guid or MSVSNew.MakeGuid(proj_path)
+    return guid
+
+
+def _GetMsbuildToolsetOfProject(proj_path, spec, version):
+    """Get the platform toolset for the project.
+
+  Arguments:
+    proj_path: Path of the vcproj or vcxproj file to generate.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    version: The MSVSVersion object.
+  Returns:
+    the platform toolset string or None.
+  """
+    # Pluck out the default configuration.
+    default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec)
+    toolset = default_config.get("msbuild_toolset")
+    if not toolset and version.DefaultToolset():
+        toolset = version.DefaultToolset()
+    if spec["type"] == "windows_driver":
+        toolset = "WindowsKernelModeDriver10.0"
+    return toolset
+
+
+def _GenerateProject(project, options, version, generator_flags, spec):
+    """Generates a vcproj file.
+
+  Arguments:
+    project: the MSVSProject object.
+    options: global generator options.
+    version: the MSVSVersion object.
+    generator_flags: dict of generator-specific flags.
+  Returns:
+    A list of source files that cannot be found on disk.
+  """
+    default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(project.spec)
+
+    # Skip emitting anything if told to with msvs_existing_vcproj option.
+    if default_config.get("msvs_existing_vcproj"):
+        return []
+
+    if version.UsesVcxproj():
+        return _GenerateMSBuildProject(project, options, version, generator_flags, spec)
+    else:
+        return _GenerateMSVSProject(project, options, version, generator_flags)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSVSProject(project, options, version, generator_flags):
+    """Generates a .vcproj file.  It may create .rules and .user files too.
+
+  Arguments:
+    project: The project object we will generate the file for.
+    options: Global options passed to the generator.
+    version: The VisualStudioVersion object.
+    generator_flags: dict of generator-specific flags.
+  """
+    spec = project.spec
+    gyp.common.EnsureDirExists(project.path)
+
+    platforms = _GetUniquePlatforms(spec)
+    p = MSVSProject.Writer(
+        project.path, version, spec["target_name"], project.guid, platforms
+    )
+
+    # Get directory project file is in.
+    project_dir = os.path.split(project.path)[0]
+    gyp_path = _NormalizedSource(project.build_file)
+    relative_path_of_gyp_file = gyp.common.RelativePath(gyp_path, project_dir)
+
+    config_type = _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, project.build_file)
+    for config_name, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+        _AddConfigurationToMSVSProject(p, spec, config_type, config_name, config)
+
+    # Prepare list of sources and excluded sources.
+    gyp_file = os.path.split(project.build_file)[1]
+    sources, excluded_sources = _PrepareListOfSources(spec, generator_flags, gyp_file)
+
+    # Add rules.
+    actions_to_add = {}
+    _GenerateRulesForMSVS(
+        p, project_dir, options, spec, sources, excluded_sources, actions_to_add
+    )
+    list_excluded = generator_flags.get("msvs_list_excluded_files", True)
+    sources, excluded_sources, excluded_idl = _AdjustSourcesAndConvertToFilterHierarchy(
+        spec, options, project_dir, sources, excluded_sources, list_excluded, version
+    )
+
+    # Add in files.
+    missing_sources = _VerifySourcesExist(sources, project_dir)
+    p.AddFiles(sources)
+
+    _AddToolFilesToMSVS(p, spec)
+    _HandlePreCompiledHeaders(p, sources, spec)
+    _AddActions(actions_to_add, spec, relative_path_of_gyp_file)
+    _AddCopies(actions_to_add, spec)
+    _WriteMSVSUserFile(project.path, version, spec)
+
+    # NOTE: this stanza must appear after all actions have been decided.
+    # Don't excluded sources with actions attached, or they won't run.
+    excluded_sources = _FilterActionsFromExcluded(excluded_sources, actions_to_add)
+    _ExcludeFilesFromBeingBuilt(p, spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl, list_excluded)
+    _AddAccumulatedActionsToMSVS(p, spec, actions_to_add)
+
+    # Write it out.
+    p.WriteIfChanged()
+
+    return missing_sources
+
+
+def _GetUniquePlatforms(spec):
+    """Returns the list of unique platforms for this spec, e.g ['win32', ...].
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    The MSVSUserFile object created.
+  """
+    # Gather list of unique platforms.
+    platforms = OrderedSet()
+    for configuration in spec["configurations"]:
+        platforms.add(_ConfigPlatform(spec["configurations"][configuration]))
+    platforms = list(platforms)
+    return platforms
+
+
+def _CreateMSVSUserFile(proj_path, version, spec):
+    """Generates a .user file for the user running this Gyp program.
+
+  Arguments:
+    proj_path: The path of the project file being created.  The .user file
+               shares the same path (with an appropriate suffix).
+    version: The VisualStudioVersion object.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    The MSVSUserFile object created.
+  """
+    (domain, username) = _GetDomainAndUserName()
+    vcuser_filename = ".".join([proj_path, domain, username, "user"])
+    user_file = MSVSUserFile.Writer(vcuser_filename, version, spec["target_name"])
+    return user_file
+
+
+def _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, build_file):
+    """Returns the configuration type for this project.
+
+  It's a number defined by Microsoft.  May raise an exception.
+
+  Args:
+      spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+      build_file: The path of the gyp file.
+  Returns:
+      An integer, the configuration type.
+  """
+    try:
+        config_type = {
+            "executable": "1",  # .exe
+            "shared_library": "2",  # .dll
+            "loadable_module": "2",  # .dll
+            "static_library": "4",  # .lib
+            "windows_driver": "5",  # .sys
+            "none": "10",  # Utility type
+        }[spec["type"]]
+    except KeyError:
+        if spec.get("type"):
+            raise GypError(
+                "Target type %s is not a valid target type for "
+                "target %s in %s." % (spec["type"], spec["target_name"], build_file)
+            )
+        else:
+            raise GypError(
+                "Missing type field for target %s in %s."
+                % (spec["target_name"], build_file)
+            )
+    return config_type
+
+
+def _AddConfigurationToMSVSProject(p, spec, config_type, config_name, config):
+    """Adds a configuration to the MSVS project.
+
+  Many settings in a vcproj file are specific to a configuration.  This
+  function the main part of the vcproj file that's configuration specific.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: The target project being generated.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    config_type: The configuration type, a number as defined by Microsoft.
+    config_name: The name of the configuration.
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  """
+    # Get the information for this configuration
+    include_dirs, midl_include_dirs, resource_include_dirs = _GetIncludeDirs(config)
+    libraries = _GetLibraries(spec)
+    library_dirs = _GetLibraryDirs(config)
+    out_file, vc_tool, _ = _GetOutputFilePathAndTool(spec, msbuild=False)
+    defines = _GetDefines(config)
+    defines = [_EscapeCppDefineForMSVS(d) for d in defines]
+    disabled_warnings = _GetDisabledWarnings(config)
+    prebuild = config.get("msvs_prebuild")
+    postbuild = config.get("msvs_postbuild")
+    def_file = _GetModuleDefinition(spec)
+    precompiled_header = config.get("msvs_precompiled_header")
+
+    # Prepare the list of tools as a dictionary.
+    tools = {}
+    # Add in user specified msvs_settings.
+    msvs_settings = config.get("msvs_settings", {})
+    MSVSSettings.ValidateMSVSSettings(msvs_settings)
+
+    # Prevent default library inheritance from the environment.
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCLinkerTool", "AdditionalDependencies", ["$(NOINHERIT)"])
+
+    for tool in msvs_settings:
+        settings = config["msvs_settings"][tool]
+        for setting in settings:
+            _ToolAppend(tools, tool, setting, settings[setting])
+    # Add the information to the appropriate tool
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCCLCompilerTool", "AdditionalIncludeDirectories", include_dirs)
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCMIDLTool", "AdditionalIncludeDirectories", midl_include_dirs)
+    _ToolAppend(
+        tools,
+        "VCResourceCompilerTool",
+        "AdditionalIncludeDirectories",
+        resource_include_dirs,
+    )
+    # Add in libraries.
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCLinkerTool", "AdditionalDependencies", libraries)
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCLinkerTool", "AdditionalLibraryDirectories", library_dirs)
+    if out_file:
+        _ToolAppend(tools, vc_tool, "OutputFile", out_file, only_if_unset=True)
+    # Add defines.
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCCLCompilerTool", "PreprocessorDefinitions", defines)
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCResourceCompilerTool", "PreprocessorDefinitions", defines)
+    # Change program database directory to prevent collisions.
+    _ToolAppend(
+        tools,
+        "VCCLCompilerTool",
+        "ProgramDataBaseFileName",
+        "$(IntDir)$(ProjectName)\\vc80.pdb",
+        only_if_unset=True,
+    )
+    # Add disabled warnings.
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCCLCompilerTool", "DisableSpecificWarnings", disabled_warnings)
+    # Add Pre-build.
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCPreBuildEventTool", "CommandLine", prebuild)
+    # Add Post-build.
+    _ToolAppend(tools, "VCPostBuildEventTool", "CommandLine", postbuild)
+    # Turn on precompiled headers if appropriate.
+    if precompiled_header:
+        precompiled_header = os.path.split(precompiled_header)[1]
+        _ToolAppend(tools, "VCCLCompilerTool", "UsePrecompiledHeader", "2")
+        _ToolAppend(
+            tools, "VCCLCompilerTool", "PrecompiledHeaderThrough", precompiled_header
+        )
+        _ToolAppend(tools, "VCCLCompilerTool", "ForcedIncludeFiles", precompiled_header)
+    # Loadable modules don't generate import libraries;
+    # tell dependent projects to not expect one.
+    if spec["type"] == "loadable_module":
+        _ToolAppend(tools, "VCLinkerTool", "IgnoreImportLibrary", "true")
+    # Set the module definition file if any.
+    if def_file:
+        _ToolAppend(tools, "VCLinkerTool", "ModuleDefinitionFile", def_file)
+
+    _AddConfigurationToMSVS(p, spec, tools, config, config_type, config_name)
+
+
+def _GetIncludeDirs(config):
+    """Returns the list of directories to be used for #include directives.
+
+  Arguments:
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  Returns:
+    The list of directory paths.
+  """
+    # TODO(bradnelson): include_dirs should really be flexible enough not to
+    #                   require this sort of thing.
+    include_dirs = config.get("include_dirs", []) + config.get(
+        "msvs_system_include_dirs", []
+    )
+    midl_include_dirs = config.get("midl_include_dirs", []) + config.get(
+        "msvs_system_include_dirs", []
+    )
+    resource_include_dirs = config.get("resource_include_dirs", include_dirs)
+    include_dirs = _FixPaths(include_dirs)
+    midl_include_dirs = _FixPaths(midl_include_dirs)
+    resource_include_dirs = _FixPaths(resource_include_dirs)
+    return include_dirs, midl_include_dirs, resource_include_dirs
+
+
+def _GetLibraryDirs(config):
+    """Returns the list of directories to be used for library search paths.
+
+  Arguments:
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  Returns:
+    The list of directory paths.
+  """
+
+    library_dirs = config.get("library_dirs", [])
+    library_dirs = _FixPaths(library_dirs)
+    return library_dirs
+
+
+def _GetLibraries(spec):
+    """Returns the list of libraries for this configuration.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    The list of directory paths.
+  """
+    libraries = spec.get("libraries", [])
+    # Strip out -l, as it is not used on windows (but is needed so we can pass
+    # in libraries that are assumed to be in the default library path).
+    # Also remove duplicate entries, leaving only the last duplicate, while
+    # preserving order.
+    found = OrderedSet()
+    unique_libraries_list = []
+    for entry in reversed(libraries):
+        library = re.sub(r"^\-l", "", entry)
+        if not os.path.splitext(library)[1]:
+            library += ".lib"
+        if library not in found:
+            found.add(library)
+            unique_libraries_list.append(library)
+    unique_libraries_list.reverse()
+    return unique_libraries_list
+
+
+def _GetOutputFilePathAndTool(spec, msbuild):
+    """Returns the path and tool to use for this target.
+
+  Figures out the path of the file this spec will create and the name of
+  the VC tool that will create it.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    A triple of (file path, name of the vc tool, name of the msbuild tool)
+  """
+    # Select a name for the output file.
+    out_file = ""
+    vc_tool = ""
+    msbuild_tool = ""
+    output_file_map = {
+        "executable": ("VCLinkerTool", "Link", "$(OutDir)", ".exe"),
+        "shared_library": ("VCLinkerTool", "Link", "$(OutDir)", ".dll"),
+        "loadable_module": ("VCLinkerTool", "Link", "$(OutDir)", ".dll"),
+        "windows_driver": ("VCLinkerTool", "Link", "$(OutDir)", ".sys"),
+        "static_library": ("VCLibrarianTool", "Lib", "$(OutDir)lib\\", ".lib"),
+    }
+    output_file_props = output_file_map.get(spec["type"])
+    if output_file_props and int(spec.get("msvs_auto_output_file", 1)):
+        vc_tool, msbuild_tool, out_dir, suffix = output_file_props
+        if spec.get("standalone_static_library", 0):
+            out_dir = "$(OutDir)"
+        out_dir = spec.get("product_dir", out_dir)
+        product_extension = spec.get("product_extension")
+        if product_extension:
+            suffix = "." + product_extension
+        elif msbuild:
+            suffix = "$(TargetExt)"
+        prefix = spec.get("product_prefix", "")
+        product_name = spec.get("product_name", "$(ProjectName)")
+        out_file = ntpath.join(out_dir, prefix + product_name + suffix)
+    return out_file, vc_tool, msbuild_tool
+
+
+def _GetOutputTargetExt(spec):
+    """Returns the extension for this target, including the dot
+
+  If product_extension is specified, set target_extension to this to avoid
+  MSB8012, returns None otherwise. Ignores any target_extension settings in
+  the input files.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    A string with the extension, or None
+  """
+    target_extension = spec.get("product_extension")
+    if target_extension:
+        return "." + target_extension
+    return None
+
+
+def _GetDefines(config):
+    """Returns the list of preprocessor definitions for this configuration.
+
+  Arguments:
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  Returns:
+    The list of preprocessor definitions.
+  """
+    defines = []
+    for d in config.get("defines", []):
+        fd = "=".join([str(dpart) for dpart in d]) if isinstance(d, list) else str(d)
+        defines.append(fd)
+    return defines
+
+
+def _GetDisabledWarnings(config):
+    return [str(i) for i in config.get("msvs_disabled_warnings", [])]
+
+
+def _GetModuleDefinition(spec):
+    def_file = ""
+    if spec["type"] in [
+        "shared_library",
+        "loadable_module",
+        "executable",
+        "windows_driver",
+    ]:
+        def_files = [s for s in spec.get("sources", []) if s.endswith(".def")]
+        if len(def_files) == 1:
+            def_file = _FixPath(def_files[0])
+        elif def_files:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Multiple module definition files in one target, target %s lists "
+                "multiple .def files: %s" % (spec["target_name"], " ".join(def_files))
+            )
+    return def_file
+
+
+def _ConvertToolsToExpectedForm(tools):
+    """Convert tools to a form expected by Visual Studio.
+
+  Arguments:
+    tools: A dictionary of settings; the tool name is the key.
+  Returns:
+    A list of Tool objects.
+  """
+    tool_list = []
+    for tool, settings in tools.items():
+        # Collapse settings with lists.
+        settings_fixed = {}
+        for setting, value in settings.items():
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                if (
+                    tool == "VCLinkerTool" and setting == "AdditionalDependencies"
+                ) or setting == "AdditionalOptions":
+                    settings_fixed[setting] = " ".join(value)
+                else:
+                    settings_fixed[setting] = ";".join(value)
+            else:
+                settings_fixed[setting] = value
+        # Add in this tool.
+        tool_list.append(MSVSProject.Tool(tool, settings_fixed))
+    return tool_list
+
+
+def _AddConfigurationToMSVS(p, spec, tools, config, config_type, config_name):
+    """Add to the project file the configuration specified by config.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: The target project being generated.
+    spec: the target project dict.
+    tools: A dictionary of settings; the tool name is the key.
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+    config_type: The configuration type, a number as defined by Microsoft.
+    config_name: The name of the configuration.
+  """
+    attributes = _GetMSVSAttributes(spec, config, config_type)
+    # Add in this configuration.
+    tool_list = _ConvertToolsToExpectedForm(tools)
+    p.AddConfig(_ConfigFullName(config_name, config), attrs=attributes, tools=tool_list)
+
+
+def _GetMSVSAttributes(spec, config, config_type):
+    # Prepare configuration attributes.
+    prepared_attrs = {}
+    source_attrs = config.get("msvs_configuration_attributes", {})
+    for a in source_attrs:
+        prepared_attrs[a] = source_attrs[a]
+    # Add props files.
+    vsprops_dirs = config.get("msvs_props", [])
+    vsprops_dirs = _FixPaths(vsprops_dirs)
+    if vsprops_dirs:
+        prepared_attrs["InheritedPropertySheets"] = ";".join(vsprops_dirs)
+    # Set configuration type.
+    prepared_attrs["ConfigurationType"] = config_type
+    output_dir = prepared_attrs.get(
+        "OutputDirectory", "$(SolutionDir)$(ConfigurationName)"
+    )
+    prepared_attrs["OutputDirectory"] = _FixPath(output_dir) + "\\"
+    if "IntermediateDirectory" not in prepared_attrs:
+        intermediate = "$(ConfigurationName)\\obj\\$(ProjectName)"
+        prepared_attrs["IntermediateDirectory"] = _FixPath(intermediate) + "\\"
+    else:
+        intermediate = _FixPath(prepared_attrs["IntermediateDirectory"]) + "\\"
+        intermediate = MSVSSettings.FixVCMacroSlashes(intermediate)
+        prepared_attrs["IntermediateDirectory"] = intermediate
+    return prepared_attrs
+
+
+def _AddNormalizedSources(sources_set, sources_array):
+    sources_set.update(_NormalizedSource(s) for s in sources_array)
+
+
+def _PrepareListOfSources(spec, generator_flags, gyp_file):
+    """Prepare list of sources and excluded sources.
+
+  Besides the sources specified directly in the spec, adds the gyp file so
+  that a change to it will cause a re-compile. Also adds appropriate sources
+  for actions and copies. Assumes later stage will un-exclude files which
+  have custom build steps attached.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    gyp_file: The name of the gyp file.
+  Returns:
+    A pair of (list of sources, list of excluded sources).
+    The sources will be relative to the gyp file.
+  """
+    sources = OrderedSet()
+    _AddNormalizedSources(sources, spec.get("sources", []))
+    excluded_sources = OrderedSet()
+    # Add in the gyp file.
+    if not generator_flags.get("standalone"):
+        sources.add(gyp_file)
+
+    # Add in 'action' inputs and outputs.
+    for a in spec.get("actions", []):
+        inputs = a["inputs"]
+        inputs = [_NormalizedSource(i) for i in inputs]
+        # Add all inputs to sources and excluded sources.
+        inputs = OrderedSet(inputs)
+        sources.update(inputs)
+        if not spec.get("msvs_external_builder"):
+            excluded_sources.update(inputs)
+        if int(a.get("process_outputs_as_sources", False)):
+            _AddNormalizedSources(sources, a.get("outputs", []))
+    # Add in 'copies' inputs and outputs.
+    for cpy in spec.get("copies", []):
+        _AddNormalizedSources(sources, cpy.get("files", []))
+    return (sources, excluded_sources)
+
+
+def _AdjustSourcesAndConvertToFilterHierarchy(
+    spec, options, gyp_dir, sources, excluded_sources, list_excluded, version
+):
+    """Adjusts the list of sources and excluded sources.
+
+  Also converts the sets to lists.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    options: Global generator options.
+    gyp_dir: The path to the gyp file being processed.
+    sources: A set of sources to be included for this project.
+    excluded_sources: A set of sources to be excluded for this project.
+    version: A MSVSVersion object.
+  Returns:
+    A trio of (list of sources, list of excluded sources,
+               path of excluded IDL file)
+  """
+    # Exclude excluded sources coming into the generator.
+    excluded_sources.update(OrderedSet(spec.get("sources_excluded", [])))
+    # Add excluded sources into sources for good measure.
+    sources.update(excluded_sources)
+    # Convert to proper windows form.
+    # NOTE: sources goes from being a set to a list here.
+    # NOTE: excluded_sources goes from being a set to a list here.
+    sources = _FixPaths(sources)
+    # Convert to proper windows form.
+    excluded_sources = _FixPaths(excluded_sources)
+
+    excluded_idl = _IdlFilesHandledNonNatively(spec, sources)
+
+    precompiled_related = _GetPrecompileRelatedFiles(spec)
+    # Find the excluded ones, minus the precompiled header related ones.
+    fully_excluded = [i for i in excluded_sources if i not in precompiled_related]
+
+    # Convert to folders and the right slashes.
+    sources = [i.split("\\") for i in sources]
+    sources = _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy(
+        sources,
+        excluded=fully_excluded,
+        list_excluded=list_excluded,
+        msvs_version=version,
+    )
+
+    # Prune filters with a single child to flatten ugly directory structures
+    # such as ../../src/modules/module1 etc.
+    if version.UsesVcxproj():
+        while (
+            all(isinstance(s, MSVSProject.Filter) for s in sources)
+            and len({s.name for s in sources}) == 1
+        ):
+            assert all(len(s.contents) == 1 for s in sources)
+            sources = [s.contents[0] for s in sources]
+    else:
+        while len(sources) == 1 and isinstance(sources[0], MSVSProject.Filter):
+            sources = sources[0].contents
+
+    return sources, excluded_sources, excluded_idl
+
+
+def _IdlFilesHandledNonNatively(spec, sources):
+    # If any non-native rules use 'idl' as an extension exclude idl files.
+    # Gather a list here to use later.
+    using_idl = False
+    for rule in spec.get("rules", []):
+        if rule["extension"] == "idl" and int(rule.get("msvs_external_rule", 0)):
+            using_idl = True
+            break
+    excluded_idl = [i for i in sources if i.endswith(".idl")] if using_idl else []
+    return excluded_idl
+
+
+def _GetPrecompileRelatedFiles(spec):
+    # Gather a list of precompiled header related sources.
+    precompiled_related = []
+    for _, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+        for k in precomp_keys:
+            f = config.get(k)
+            if f:
+                precompiled_related.append(_FixPath(f))
+    return precompiled_related
+
+
+def _ExcludeFilesFromBeingBuilt(p, spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl, list_excluded):
+    exclusions = _GetExcludedFilesFromBuild(spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl)
+    for file_name, excluded_configs in exclusions.items():
+        if not list_excluded and len(excluded_configs) == len(spec["configurations"]):
+            # If we're not listing excluded files, then they won't appear in the
+            # project, so don't try to configure them to be excluded.
+            pass
+        else:
+            for config_name, config in excluded_configs:
+                p.AddFileConfig(
+                    file_name,
+                    _ConfigFullName(config_name, config),
+                    {"ExcludedFromBuild": "true"},
+                )
+
+
+def _GetExcludedFilesFromBuild(spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl):
+    exclusions = {}
+    # Exclude excluded sources from being built.
+    for f in excluded_sources:
+        excluded_configs = []
+        for config_name, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+            precomped = [_FixPath(config.get(i, "")) for i in precomp_keys]
+            # Don't do this for ones that are precompiled header related.
+            if f not in precomped:
+                excluded_configs.append((config_name, config))
+        exclusions[f] = excluded_configs
+    # If any non-native rules use 'idl' as an extension exclude idl files.
+    # Exclude them now.
+    for f in excluded_idl:
+        excluded_configs = []
+        for config_name, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+            excluded_configs.append((config_name, config))
+        exclusions[f] = excluded_configs
+    return exclusions
+
+
+def _AddToolFilesToMSVS(p, spec):
+    # Add in tool files (rules).
+    tool_files = OrderedSet()
+    for _, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+        for f in config.get("msvs_tool_files", []):
+            tool_files.add(f)
+    for f in tool_files:
+        p.AddToolFile(f)
+
+
+def _HandlePreCompiledHeaders(p, sources, spec):
+    # Pre-compiled header source stubs need a different compiler flag
+    # (generate precompiled header) and any source file not of the same
+    # kind (i.e. C vs. C++) as the precompiled header source stub needs
+    # to have use of precompiled headers disabled.
+    extensions_excluded_from_precompile = []
+    for config_name, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+        source = config.get("msvs_precompiled_source")
+        if source:
+            source = _FixPath(source)
+            # UsePrecompiledHeader=1 for if using precompiled headers.
+            tool = MSVSProject.Tool("VCCLCompilerTool", {"UsePrecompiledHeader": "1"})
+            p.AddFileConfig(
+                source, _ConfigFullName(config_name, config), {}, tools=[tool]
+            )
+            basename, extension = os.path.splitext(source)
+            if extension == ".c":
+                extensions_excluded_from_precompile = [".cc", ".cpp", ".cxx"]
+            else:
+                extensions_excluded_from_precompile = [".c"]
+
+    def DisableForSourceTree(source_tree):
+        for source in source_tree:
+            if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+                DisableForSourceTree(source.contents)
+            else:
+                basename, extension = os.path.splitext(source)
+                if extension in extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+                    for config_name, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+                        tool = MSVSProject.Tool(
+                            "VCCLCompilerTool",
+                            {
+                                "UsePrecompiledHeader": "0",
+                                "ForcedIncludeFiles": "$(NOINHERIT)",
+                            },
+                        )
+                        p.AddFileConfig(
+                            _FixPath(source),
+                            _ConfigFullName(config_name, config),
+                            {},
+                            tools=[tool],
+                        )
+
+    # Do nothing if there was no precompiled source.
+    if extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+        DisableForSourceTree(sources)
+
+
+def _AddActions(actions_to_add, spec, relative_path_of_gyp_file):
+    # Add actions.
+    actions = spec.get("actions", [])
+    # Don't setup_env every time. When all the actions are run together in one
+    # batch file in VS, the PATH will grow too long.
+    # Membership in this set means that the cygwin environment has been set up,
+    # and does not need to be set up again.
+    have_setup_env = set()
+    for a in actions:
+        # Attach actions to the gyp file if nothing else is there.
+        inputs = a.get("inputs") or [relative_path_of_gyp_file]
+        attached_to = inputs[0]
+        need_setup_env = attached_to not in have_setup_env
+        cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRule(
+            spec, a, has_input_path=False, do_setup_env=need_setup_env
+        )
+        have_setup_env.add(attached_to)
+        # Add the action.
+        _AddActionStep(
+            actions_to_add,
+            inputs=inputs,
+            outputs=a.get("outputs", []),
+            description=a.get("message", a["action_name"]),
+            command=cmd,
+        )
+
+
+def _WriteMSVSUserFile(project_path, version, spec):
+    # Add run_as and test targets.
+    if "run_as" in spec:
+        run_as = spec["run_as"]
+        action = run_as.get("action", [])
+        environment = run_as.get("environment", [])
+        working_directory = run_as.get("working_directory", ".")
+    elif int(spec.get("test", 0)):
+        action = ["$(TargetPath)", "--gtest_print_time"]
+        environment = []
+        working_directory = "."
+    else:
+        return  # Nothing to add
+    # Write out the user file.
+    user_file = _CreateMSVSUserFile(project_path, version, spec)
+    for config_name, c_data in spec["configurations"].items():
+        user_file.AddDebugSettings(
+            _ConfigFullName(config_name, c_data), action, environment, working_directory
+        )
+    user_file.WriteIfChanged()
+
+
+def _AddCopies(actions_to_add, spec):
+    copies = _GetCopies(spec)
+    for inputs, outputs, cmd, description in copies:
+        _AddActionStep(
+            actions_to_add,
+            inputs=inputs,
+            outputs=outputs,
+            description=description,
+            command=cmd,
+        )
+
+
+def _GetCopies(spec):
+    copies = []
+    # Add copies.
+    for cpy in spec.get("copies", []):
+        for src in cpy.get("files", []):
+            dst = os.path.join(cpy["destination"], os.path.basename(src))
+            # _AddCustomBuildToolForMSVS() will call _FixPath() on the inputs and
+            # outputs, so do the same for our generated command line.
+            if src.endswith("/"):
+                src_bare = src[:-1]
+                base_dir = posixpath.split(src_bare)[0]
+                outer_dir = posixpath.split(src_bare)[1]
+                fixed_dst = _FixPath(dst)
+                full_dst = f'"{fixed_dst}\\{outer_dir}\\"'
+                cmd = (
+                    f'mkdir {full_dst} 2>nul & cd "{_FixPath(base_dir)}" '
+                    f'&& xcopy /e /f /y "{outer_dir}" {full_dst}'
+                )
+                copies.append(
+                    (
+                        [src],
+                        ["dummy_copies", dst],
+                        cmd,
+                        f"Copying {src} to {fixed_dst}",
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                fix_dst = _FixPath(cpy["destination"])
+                cmd = (
+                    f'mkdir "{fix_dst}" 2>nul & set ERRORLEVEL=0 & '
+                    f'copy /Y "{_FixPath(src)}" "{_FixPath(dst)}"'
+                )
+                copies.append(([src], [dst], cmd, f"Copying {src} to {fix_dst}"))
+    return copies
+
+
+def _GetPathDict(root, path):
+    # |path| will eventually be empty (in the recursive calls) if it was initially
+    # relative; otherwise it will eventually end up as '\', 'D:\', etc.
+    if not path or path.endswith(os.sep):
+        return root
+    parent, folder = os.path.split(path)
+    parent_dict = _GetPathDict(root, parent)
+    if folder not in parent_dict:
+        parent_dict[folder] = {}
+    return parent_dict[folder]
+
+
+def _DictsToFolders(base_path, bucket, flat):
+    # Convert to folders recursively.
+    children = []
+    for folder, contents in bucket.items():
+        if isinstance(contents, dict):
+            folder_children = _DictsToFolders(
+                os.path.join(base_path, folder), contents, flat
+            )
+            if flat:
+                children += folder_children
+            else:
+                folder_children = MSVSNew.MSVSFolder(
+                    os.path.join(base_path, folder),
+                    name="(" + folder + ")",
+                    entries=folder_children,
+                )
+                children.append(folder_children)
+        else:
+            children.append(contents)
+    return children
+
+
+def _CollapseSingles(parent, node):
+    # Recursively explorer the tree of dicts looking for projects which are
+    # the sole item in a folder which has the same name as the project. Bring
+    # such projects up one level.
+    if (isinstance(node, dict) and len(node) == 1 and
+        next(iter(node)) == parent + ".vcproj"):
+        return node[next(iter(node))]
+    if not isinstance(node, dict):
+        return node
+    for child in node:
+        node[child] = _CollapseSingles(child, node[child])
+    return node
+
+
+def _GatherSolutionFolders(sln_projects, project_objects, flat):
+    root = {}
+    # Convert into a tree of dicts on path.
+    for p in sln_projects:
+        gyp_file, target = gyp.common.ParseQualifiedTarget(p)[0:2]
+        if p.endswith("#host"):
+            target += "_host"
+        gyp_dir = os.path.dirname(gyp_file)
+        path_dict = _GetPathDict(root, gyp_dir)
+        path_dict[target + ".vcproj"] = project_objects[p]
+    # Walk down from the top until we hit a folder that has more than one entry.
+    # In practice, this strips the top-level "src/" dir from the hierarchy in
+    # the solution.
+    while len(root) == 1 and isinstance(root[next(iter(root))], dict):
+        root = root[next(iter(root))]
+    # Collapse singles.
+    root = _CollapseSingles("", root)
+    # Merge buckets until everything is a root entry.
+    return _DictsToFolders("", root, flat)
+
+
+def _GetPathOfProject(qualified_target, spec, options, msvs_version):
+    default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec)
+    proj_filename = default_config.get("msvs_existing_vcproj")
+    if not proj_filename:
+        proj_filename = spec["target_name"]
+        if spec["toolset"] == "host":
+            proj_filename += "_host"
+        proj_filename = proj_filename + options.suffix + msvs_version.ProjectExtension()
+
+    build_file = gyp.common.BuildFile(qualified_target)
+    proj_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(build_file), proj_filename)
+    fix_prefix = None
+    if options.generator_output:
+        project_dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(proj_path))
+        proj_path = os.path.join(options.generator_output, proj_path)
+        fix_prefix = gyp.common.RelativePath(
+            project_dir_path, os.path.dirname(proj_path)
+        )
+    return proj_path, fix_prefix
+
+
+def _GetPlatformOverridesOfProject(spec):
+    # Prepare a dict indicating which project configurations are used for which
+    # solution configurations for this target.
+    config_platform_overrides = {}
+    for config_name, c in spec["configurations"].items():
+        config_fullname = _ConfigFullName(config_name, c)
+        platform = c.get("msvs_target_platform", _ConfigPlatform(c))
+        base_name = _ConfigBaseName(config_name, _ConfigPlatform(c))
+        fixed_config_fullname = f"{base_name}|{platform}"
+        if spec["toolset"] == "host" and generator_supports_multiple_toolsets:
+            fixed_config_fullname = f"{config_name}|x64"
+        config_platform_overrides[config_fullname] = fixed_config_fullname
+    return config_platform_overrides
+
+
+def _CreateProjectObjects(target_list, target_dicts, options, msvs_version):
+    """Create a MSVSProject object for the targets found in target list.
+
+  Arguments:
+    target_list: the list of targets to generate project objects for.
+    target_dicts: the dictionary of specifications.
+    options: global generator options.
+    msvs_version: the MSVSVersion object.
+  Returns:
+    A set of created projects, keyed by target.
+  """
+    global fixpath_prefix
+    # Generate each project.
+    projects = {}
+    for qualified_target in target_list:
+        spec = target_dicts[qualified_target]
+        proj_path, fixpath_prefix = _GetPathOfProject(
+            qualified_target, spec, options, msvs_version
+        )
+        guid = _GetGuidOfProject(proj_path, spec)
+        overrides = _GetPlatformOverridesOfProject(spec)
+        build_file = gyp.common.BuildFile(qualified_target)
+        # Create object for this project.
+        target_name = spec["target_name"]
+        if spec["toolset"] == "host":
+            target_name += "_host"
+        obj = MSVSNew.MSVSProject(
+            proj_path,
+            name=target_name,
+            guid=guid,
+            spec=spec,
+            build_file=build_file,
+            config_platform_overrides=overrides,
+            fixpath_prefix=fixpath_prefix,
+        )
+        # Set project toolset if any (MS build only)
+        if msvs_version.UsesVcxproj():
+            obj.set_msbuild_toolset(
+                _GetMsbuildToolsetOfProject(proj_path, spec, msvs_version)
+            )
+        projects[qualified_target] = obj
+    # Set all the dependencies, but not if we are using an external builder like
+    # ninja
+    for project in projects.values():
+        if not project.spec.get("msvs_external_builder"):
+            deps = project.spec.get("dependencies", [])
+            deps = [projects[d] for d in deps]
+            project.set_dependencies(deps)
+    return projects
+
+
+def _InitNinjaFlavor(params, target_list, target_dicts):
+    """Initialize targets for the ninja flavor.
+
+  This sets up the necessary variables in the targets to generate msvs projects
+  that use ninja as an external builder. The variables in the spec are only set
+  if they have not been set. This allows individual specs to override the
+  default values initialized here.
+  Arguments:
+    params: Params provided to the generator.
+    target_list: List of target pairs: 'base/base.gyp:base'.
+    target_dicts: Dict of target properties keyed on target pair.
+  """
+    for qualified_target in target_list:
+        spec = target_dicts[qualified_target]
+        if spec.get("msvs_external_builder"):
+            # The spec explicitly defined an external builder, so don't change it.
+            continue
+
+        path_to_ninja = spec.get("msvs_path_to_ninja", "ninja.exe")
+
+        spec["msvs_external_builder"] = "ninja"
+        if not spec.get("msvs_external_builder_out_dir"):
+            gyp_file, _, _ = gyp.common.ParseQualifiedTarget(qualified_target)
+            gyp_dir = os.path.dirname(gyp_file)
+            configuration = "$(Configuration)"
+            if params.get("target_arch") == "x64":
+                configuration += "_x64"
+            if params.get("target_arch") == "arm64":
+                configuration += "_arm64"
+            spec["msvs_external_builder_out_dir"] = os.path.join(
+                gyp.common.RelativePath(params["options"].toplevel_dir, gyp_dir),
+                ninja_generator.ComputeOutputDir(params),
+                configuration,
+            )
+        if not spec.get("msvs_external_builder_build_cmd"):
+            spec["msvs_external_builder_build_cmd"] = [
+                path_to_ninja,
+                "-C",
+                "$(OutDir)",
+                "$(ProjectName)",
+            ]
+        if not spec.get("msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd"):
+            spec["msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd"] = [
+                path_to_ninja,
+                "-C",
+                "$(OutDir)",
+                "-tclean",
+                "$(ProjectName)",
+            ]
+
+
+def CalculateVariables(default_variables, params):
+    """Generated variables that require params to be known."""
+
+    generator_flags = params.get("generator_flags", {})
+
+    # Select project file format version (if unset, default to auto detecting).
+    msvs_version = MSVSVersion.SelectVisualStudioVersion(
+        generator_flags.get("msvs_version", "auto")
+    )
+    # Stash msvs_version for later (so we don't have to probe the system twice).
+    params["msvs_version"] = msvs_version
+
+    # Set a variable so conditions can be based on msvs_version.
+    default_variables["MSVS_VERSION"] = msvs_version.ShortName()
+
+    # To determine processor word size on Windows, in addition to checking
+    # PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE (which reflects the word size of the current
+    # process), it is also necessary to check PROCESSOR_ARCITEW6432 (which
+    # contains the actual word size of the system when running thru WOW64).
+    if (
+        os.environ.get("PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE", "").find("64") >= 0
+        or os.environ.get("PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432", "").find("64") >= 0
+    ):
+        default_variables["MSVS_OS_BITS"] = 64
+    else:
+        default_variables["MSVS_OS_BITS"] = 32
+
+    if gyp.common.GetFlavor(params) == "ninja":
+        default_variables["SHARED_INTERMEDIATE_DIR"] = "$(OutDir)gen"
+
+
+def PerformBuild(data, configurations, params):
+    options = params["options"]
+    msvs_version = params["msvs_version"]
+    devenv = os.path.join(msvs_version.path, "Common7", "IDE", "devenv.com")
+
+    for build_file, build_file_dict in data.items():
+        (build_file_root, build_file_ext) = os.path.splitext(build_file)
+        if build_file_ext != ".gyp":
+            continue
+        sln_path = build_file_root + options.suffix + ".sln"
+        if options.generator_output:
+            sln_path = os.path.join(options.generator_output, sln_path)
+
+    for config in configurations:
+        arguments = [devenv, sln_path, "/Build", config]
+        print(f"Building [{config}]: {arguments}")
+        subprocess.check_call(arguments)
+
+
+def CalculateGeneratorInputInfo(params):
+    if params.get("flavor") == "ninja":
+        toplevel = params["options"].toplevel_dir
+        qualified_out_dir = os.path.normpath(
+            os.path.join(
+                toplevel,
+                ninja_generator.ComputeOutputDir(params),
+                "gypfiles-msvs-ninja",
+            )
+        )
+
+        global generator_filelist_paths
+        generator_filelist_paths = {
+            "toplevel": toplevel,
+            "qualified_out_dir": qualified_out_dir,
+        }
+
+
+def GenerateOutput(target_list, target_dicts, data, params):
+    """Generate .sln and .vcproj files.
+
+  This is the entry point for this generator.
+  Arguments:
+    target_list: List of target pairs: 'base/base.gyp:base'.
+    target_dicts: Dict of target properties keyed on target pair.
+    data: Dictionary containing per .gyp data.
+  """
+    global fixpath_prefix
+
+    options = params["options"]
+
+    # Get the project file format version back out of where we stashed it in
+    # GeneratorCalculatedVariables.
+    msvs_version = params["msvs_version"]
+
+    generator_flags = params.get("generator_flags", {})
+
+    # Optionally shard targets marked with 'msvs_shard': SHARD_COUNT.
+    (target_list, target_dicts) = MSVSUtil.ShardTargets(target_list, target_dicts)
+
+    # Optionally use the large PDB workaround for targets marked with
+    # 'msvs_large_pdb': 1.
+    (target_list, target_dicts) = MSVSUtil.InsertLargePdbShims(
+        target_list, target_dicts, generator_default_variables
+    )
+
+    # Optionally configure each spec to use ninja as the external builder.
+    if params.get("flavor") == "ninja":
+        _InitNinjaFlavor(params, target_list, target_dicts)
+
+    # Prepare the set of configurations.
+    configs = set()
+    for qualified_target in target_list:
+        spec = target_dicts[qualified_target]
+        for config_name, config in spec["configurations"].items():
+            config_name = _ConfigFullName(config_name, config)
+            configs.add(config_name)
+            if config_name == "Release|arm64":
+                configs.add("Release|x64")
+    configs = list(configs)
+
+    # Figure out all the projects that will be generated and their guids
+    project_objects = _CreateProjectObjects(
+        target_list, target_dicts, options, msvs_version
+    )
+
+    # Generate each project.
+    missing_sources = []
+    for project in project_objects.values():
+        fixpath_prefix = project.fixpath_prefix
+        missing_sources.extend(
+            _GenerateProject(project, options, msvs_version, generator_flags, spec)
+        )
+    fixpath_prefix = None
+
+    for build_file in data:
+        # Validate build_file extension
+        target_only_configs = configs
+        if generator_supports_multiple_toolsets:
+            target_only_configs = [i for i in configs if i.endswith("arm64")]
+        if not build_file.endswith(".gyp"):
+            continue
+        sln_path = os.path.splitext(build_file)[0] + options.suffix + ".sln"
+        if options.generator_output:
+            sln_path = os.path.join(options.generator_output, sln_path)
+        # Get projects in the solution, and their dependents.
+        sln_projects = gyp.common.BuildFileTargets(target_list, build_file)
+        sln_projects += gyp.common.DeepDependencyTargets(target_dicts, sln_projects)
+        # Create folder hierarchy.
+        root_entries = _GatherSolutionFolders(
+            sln_projects, project_objects, flat=msvs_version.FlatSolution()
+        )
+        # Create solution.
+        sln = MSVSNew.MSVSSolution(
+            sln_path,
+            entries=root_entries,
+            variants=target_only_configs,
+            websiteProperties=False,
+            version=msvs_version,
+        )
+        sln.Write()
+
+    if missing_sources:
+        error_message = "Missing input files:\n" + "\n".join(set(missing_sources))
+        if generator_flags.get("msvs_error_on_missing_sources", False):
+            raise GypError(error_message)
+        else:
+            print("Warning: " + error_message, file=sys.stdout)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildFiltersFile(
+    filters_path,
+    source_files,
+    rule_dependencies,
+    extension_to_rule_name,
+    platforms,
+    toolset,
+):
+    """Generate the filters file.
+
+  This file is used by Visual Studio to organize the presentation of source
+  files into folders.
+
+  Arguments:
+      filters_path: The path of the file to be created.
+      source_files: The hierarchical structure of all the sources.
+      extension_to_rule_name: A dictionary mapping file extensions to rules.
+  """
+    filter_group = []
+    source_group = []
+    _AppendFiltersForMSBuild(
+        "",
+        source_files,
+        rule_dependencies,
+        extension_to_rule_name,
+        platforms,
+        toolset,
+        filter_group,
+        source_group,
+    )
+    if filter_group:
+        content = [
+            "Project",
+            {
+                "ToolsVersion": "4.0",
+                "xmlns": "http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003",
+            },
+            ["ItemGroup"] + filter_group,
+            ["ItemGroup"] + source_group,
+        ]
+        easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, filters_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+    elif os.path.exists(filters_path):
+        # We don't need this filter anymore.  Delete the old filter file.
+        os.unlink(filters_path)
+
+
+def _AppendFiltersForMSBuild(
+    parent_filter_name,
+    sources,
+    rule_dependencies,
+    extension_to_rule_name,
+    platforms,
+    toolset,
+    filter_group,
+    source_group,
+):
+    """Creates the list of filters and sources to be added in the filter file.
+
+  Args:
+      parent_filter_name: The name of the filter under which the sources are
+          found.
+      sources: The hierarchy of filters and sources to process.
+      extension_to_rule_name: A dictionary mapping file extensions to rules.
+      filter_group: The list to which filter entries will be appended.
+      source_group: The list to which source entries will be appended.
+  """
+    for source in sources:
+        if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+            # We have a sub-filter.  Create the name of that sub-filter.
+            if not parent_filter_name:
+                filter_name = source.name
+            else:
+                filter_name = f"{parent_filter_name}\\{source.name}"
+            # Add the filter to the group.
+            filter_group.append(
+                [
+                    "Filter",
+                    {"Include": filter_name},
+                    ["UniqueIdentifier", MSVSNew.MakeGuid(source.name)],
+                ]
+            )
+            # Recurse and add its dependents.
+            _AppendFiltersForMSBuild(
+                filter_name,
+                source.contents,
+                rule_dependencies,
+                extension_to_rule_name,
+                platforms,
+                toolset,
+                filter_group,
+                source_group,
+            )
+        else:
+            # It's a source.  Create a source entry.
+            _, element = _MapFileToMsBuildSourceType(
+                source, rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name, platforms, toolset
+            )
+            source_entry = [element, {"Include": source}]
+            # Specify the filter it is part of, if any.
+            if parent_filter_name:
+                source_entry.append(["Filter", parent_filter_name])
+            source_group.append(source_entry)
+
+
+def _MapFileToMsBuildSourceType(
+    source, rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name, platforms, toolset
+):
+    """Returns the group and element type of the source file.
+
+  Arguments:
+      source: The source file name.
+      extension_to_rule_name: A dictionary mapping file extensions to rules.
+
+  Returns:
+      A pair of (group this file should be part of, the label of element)
+  """
+    _, ext = os.path.splitext(source)
+    ext = ext.lower()
+    if ext in extension_to_rule_name:
+        group = "rule"
+        element = extension_to_rule_name[ext]
+    elif ext in [".cc", ".cpp", ".c", ".cxx", ".mm"]:
+        group = "compile"
+        element = "ClCompile"
+    elif ext in [".h", ".hxx"]:
+        group = "include"
+        element = "ClInclude"
+    elif ext == ".rc":
+        group = "resource"
+        element = "ResourceCompile"
+    elif ext in [".s", ".asm"]:
+        group = "masm"
+        element = "MASM"
+        if "arm64" in platforms and toolset == "target":
+            element = "MARMASM"
+    elif ext == ".idl":
+        group = "midl"
+        element = "Midl"
+    elif source in rule_dependencies:
+        group = "rule_dependency"
+        element = "CustomBuild"
+    else:
+        group = "none"
+        element = "None"
+    return (group, element)
+
+
+def _GenerateRulesForMSBuild(
+    output_dir,
+    options,
+    spec,
+    sources,
+    excluded_sources,
+    props_files_of_rules,
+    targets_files_of_rules,
+    actions_to_add,
+    rule_dependencies,
+    extension_to_rule_name,
+):
+    # MSBuild rules are implemented using three files: an XML file, a .targets
+    # file and a .props file.
+    # For more details see:
+    # https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/quick-help-on-vs2010-custom-build-rule/
+    rules = spec.get("rules", [])
+    rules_native = [r for r in rules if not int(r.get("msvs_external_rule", 0))]
+    rules_external = [r for r in rules if int(r.get("msvs_external_rule", 0))]
+
+    msbuild_rules = []
+    for rule in rules_native:
+        # Skip a rule with no action and no inputs.
+        if "action" not in rule and not rule.get("rule_sources", []):
+            continue
+        msbuild_rule = MSBuildRule(rule, spec)
+        msbuild_rules.append(msbuild_rule)
+        rule_dependencies.update(msbuild_rule.additional_dependencies.split(";"))
+        extension_to_rule_name[msbuild_rule.extension] = msbuild_rule.rule_name
+    if msbuild_rules:
+        base = spec["target_name"] + options.suffix
+        props_name = base + ".props"
+        targets_name = base + ".targets"
+        xml_name = base + ".xml"
+
+        props_files_of_rules.add(props_name)
+        targets_files_of_rules.add(targets_name)
+
+        props_path = os.path.join(output_dir, props_name)
+        targets_path = os.path.join(output_dir, targets_name)
+        xml_path = os.path.join(output_dir, xml_name)
+
+        _GenerateMSBuildRulePropsFile(props_path, msbuild_rules)
+        _GenerateMSBuildRuleTargetsFile(targets_path, msbuild_rules)
+        _GenerateMSBuildRuleXmlFile(xml_path, msbuild_rules)
+
+    if rules_external:
+        _GenerateExternalRules(
+            rules_external, output_dir, spec, sources, options, actions_to_add
+        )
+    _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, True)
+
+
+class MSBuildRule:
+    """Used to store information used to generate an MSBuild rule.
+
+  Attributes:
+    rule_name: The rule name, sanitized to use in XML.
+    target_name: The name of the target.
+    after_targets: The name of the AfterTargets element.
+    before_targets: The name of the BeforeTargets element.
+    depends_on: The name of the DependsOn element.
+    compute_output: The name of the ComputeOutput element.
+    dirs_to_make: The name of the DirsToMake element.
+    inputs: The name of the _inputs element.
+    tlog: The name of the _tlog element.
+    extension: The extension this rule applies to.
+    description: The message displayed when this rule is invoked.
+    additional_dependencies: A string listing additional dependencies.
+    outputs: The outputs of this rule.
+    command: The command used to run the rule.
+  """
+
+    def __init__(self, rule, spec):
+        self.display_name = rule["rule_name"]
+        # Assure that the rule name is only characters and numbers
+        self.rule_name = re.sub(r"\W", "_", self.display_name)
+        # Create the various element names, following the example set by the
+        # Visual Studio 2008 to 2010 conversion.  I don't know if VS2010
+        # is sensitive to the exact names.
+        self.target_name = "_" + self.rule_name
+        self.after_targets = self.rule_name + "AfterTargets"
+        self.before_targets = self.rule_name + "BeforeTargets"
+        self.depends_on = self.rule_name + "DependsOn"
+        self.compute_output = "Compute%sOutput" % self.rule_name
+        self.dirs_to_make = self.rule_name + "DirsToMake"
+        self.inputs = self.rule_name + "_inputs"
+        self.tlog = self.rule_name + "_tlog"
+        self.extension = rule["extension"]
+        if not self.extension.startswith("."):
+            self.extension = "." + self.extension
+
+        self.description = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(
+            rule.get("message", self.rule_name)
+        )
+        old_additional_dependencies = _FixPaths(rule.get("inputs", []))
+        self.additional_dependencies = ";".join(
+            [
+                MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(i)
+                for i in old_additional_dependencies
+            ]
+        )
+        old_outputs = _FixPaths(rule.get("outputs", []))
+        self.outputs = ";".join(
+            [MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(i) for i in old_outputs]
+        )
+        old_command = _BuildCommandLineForRule(
+            spec, rule, has_input_path=True, do_setup_env=True
+        )
+        self.command = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(old_command)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildRulePropsFile(props_path, msbuild_rules):
+    """Generate the .props file."""
+    content = [
+        "Project",
+        {"xmlns": "http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"},
+    ]
+    for rule in msbuild_rules:
+        content.extend(
+            [
+                [
+                    "PropertyGroup",
+                    {
+                        "Condition": "'$(%s)' == '' and '$(%s)' == '' and "
+                        "'$(ConfigurationType)' != 'Makefile'"
+                        % (rule.before_targets, rule.after_targets)
+                    },
+                    [rule.before_targets, "Midl"],
+                    [rule.after_targets, "CustomBuild"],
+                ],
+                [
+                    "PropertyGroup",
+                    [
+                        rule.depends_on,
+                        {"Condition": "'$(ConfigurationType)' != 'Makefile'"},
+                        "_SelectedFiles;$(%s)" % rule.depends_on,
+                    ],
+                ],
+                [
+                    "ItemDefinitionGroup",
+                    [
+                        rule.rule_name,
+                        ["CommandLineTemplate", rule.command],
+                        ["Outputs", rule.outputs],
+                        ["ExecutionDescription", rule.description],
+                        ["AdditionalDependencies", rule.additional_dependencies],
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ]
+        )
+    easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, props_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildRuleTargetsFile(targets_path, msbuild_rules):
+    """Generate the .targets file."""
+    content = [
+        "Project",
+        {"xmlns": "http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"},
+    ]
+    item_group = [
+        "ItemGroup",
+        [
+            "PropertyPageSchema",
+            {"Include": "$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)$(MSBuildThisFileName).xml"},
+        ],
+    ]
+    for rule in msbuild_rules:
+        item_group.append(
+            [
+                "AvailableItemName",
+                {"Include": rule.rule_name},
+                ["Targets", rule.target_name],
+            ]
+        )
+    content.append(item_group)
+
+    for rule in msbuild_rules:
+        content.append(
+            [
+                "UsingTask",
+                {
+                    "TaskName": rule.rule_name,
+                    "TaskFactory": "XamlTaskFactory",
+                    "AssemblyName": "Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v4.0",
+                },
+                ["Task", "$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)$(MSBuildThisFileName).xml"],
+            ]
+        )
+    for rule in msbuild_rules:
+        rule_name = rule.rule_name
+        target_outputs = "%%(%s.Outputs)" % rule_name
+        target_inputs = (
+            "%%(%s.Identity);%%(%s.AdditionalDependencies);$(MSBuildProjectFile)"
+        ) % (rule_name, rule_name)
+        rule_inputs = "%%(%s.Identity)" % rule_name
+        extension_condition = (
+            "'%(Extension)'=='.obj' or "
+            "'%(Extension)'=='.res' or "
+            "'%(Extension)'=='.rsc' or "
+            "'%(Extension)'=='.lib'"
+        )
+        remove_section = [
+            "ItemGroup",
+            {"Condition": "'@(SelectedFiles)' != ''"},
+            [
+                rule_name,
+                {
+                    "Remove": "@(%s)" % rule_name,
+                    "Condition": "'%(Identity)' != '@(SelectedFiles)'",
+                },
+            ],
+        ]
+        inputs_section = [
+            "ItemGroup",
+            [rule.inputs, {"Include": "%%(%s.AdditionalDependencies)" % rule_name}],
+        ]
+        logging_section = [
+            "ItemGroup",
+            [
+                rule.tlog,
+                {
+                    "Include": "%%(%s.Outputs)" % rule_name,
+                    "Condition": (
+                        "'%%(%s.Outputs)' != '' and "
+                        "'%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != 'true'" % (rule_name, rule_name)
+                    ),
+                },
+                ["Source", "@(%s, '|')" % rule_name],
+                ["Inputs", "@(%s -> '%%(Fullpath)', ';')" % rule.inputs],
+            ],
+        ]
+        message_section = [
+            "Message",
+            {"Importance": "High", "Text": "%%(%s.ExecutionDescription)" % rule_name},
+        ]
+        write_tlog_section = [
+            "WriteLinesToFile",
+            {
+                "Condition": "'@(%s)' != '' and '%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != "
+                "'true'" % (rule.tlog, rule.tlog),
+                "File": "$(IntDir)$(ProjectName).write.1.tlog",
+                "Lines": "^%%(%s.Source);@(%s->'%%(Fullpath)')"
+                % (rule.tlog, rule.tlog),
+            },
+        ]
+        read_tlog_section = [
+            "WriteLinesToFile",
+            {
+                "Condition": "'@(%s)' != '' and '%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != "
+                "'true'" % (rule.tlog, rule.tlog),
+                "File": "$(IntDir)$(ProjectName).read.1.tlog",
+                "Lines": f"^%({rule.tlog}.Source);%({rule.tlog}.Inputs)",
+            },
+        ]
+        command_and_input_section = [
+            rule_name,
+            {
+                "Condition": "'@(%s)' != '' and '%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != "
+                "'true'" % (rule_name, rule_name),
+                "EchoOff": "true",
+                "StandardOutputImportance": "High",
+                "StandardErrorImportance": "High",
+                "CommandLineTemplate": "%%(%s.CommandLineTemplate)" % rule_name,
+                "AdditionalOptions": "%%(%s.AdditionalOptions)" % rule_name,
+                "Inputs": rule_inputs,
+            },
+        ]
+        content.extend(
+            [
+                [
+                    "Target",
+                    {
+                        "Name": rule.target_name,
+                        "BeforeTargets": "$(%s)" % rule.before_targets,
+                        "AfterTargets": "$(%s)" % rule.after_targets,
+                        "Condition": "'@(%s)' != ''" % rule_name,
+                        "DependsOnTargets": "$(%s);%s"
+                        % (rule.depends_on, rule.compute_output),
+                        "Outputs": target_outputs,
+                        "Inputs": target_inputs,
+                    },
+                    remove_section,
+                    inputs_section,
+                    logging_section,
+                    message_section,
+                    write_tlog_section,
+                    read_tlog_section,
+                    command_and_input_section,
+                ],
+                [
+                    "PropertyGroup",
+                    [
+                        "ComputeLinkInputsTargets",
+                        "$(ComputeLinkInputsTargets);",
+                        "%s;" % rule.compute_output,
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "ComputeLibInputsTargets",
+                        "$(ComputeLibInputsTargets);",
+                        "%s;" % rule.compute_output,
+                    ],
+                ],
+                [
+                    "Target",
+                    {
+                        "Name": rule.compute_output,
+                        "Condition": "'@(%s)' != ''" % rule_name,
+                    },
+                    [
+                        "ItemGroup",
+                        [
+                            rule.dirs_to_make,
+                            {
+                                "Condition": "'@(%s)' != '' and "
+                                "'%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != 'true'"
+                                % (rule_name, rule_name),
+                                "Include": "%%(%s.Outputs)" % rule_name,
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "Link",
+                            {
+                                "Include": "%%(%s.Identity)" % rule.dirs_to_make,
+                                "Condition": extension_condition,
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "Lib",
+                            {
+                                "Include": "%%(%s.Identity)" % rule.dirs_to_make,
+                                "Condition": extension_condition,
+                            },
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "ImpLib",
+                            {
+                                "Include": "%%(%s.Identity)" % rule.dirs_to_make,
+                                "Condition": extension_condition,
+                            },
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "MakeDir",
+                        {
+                            "Directories": (
+                                "@(%s->'%%(RootDir)%%(Directory)')" % rule.dirs_to_make
+                            )
+                        },
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ]
+        )
+    easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, targets_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildRuleXmlFile(xml_path, msbuild_rules):
+    # Generate the .xml file
+    content = [
+        "ProjectSchemaDefinitions",
+        {
+            "xmlns": (
+                "clr-namespace:Microsoft.Build.Framework.XamlTypes;"
+                "assembly=Microsoft.Build.Framework"
+            ),
+            "xmlns:x": "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml",
+            "xmlns:sys": "clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib",
+            "xmlns:transformCallback": "Microsoft.Cpp.Dev10.ConvertPropertyCallback",
+        },
+    ]
+    for rule in msbuild_rules:
+        content.extend(
+            [
+                [
+                    "Rule",
+                    {
+                        "Name": rule.rule_name,
+                        "PageTemplate": "tool",
+                        "DisplayName": rule.display_name,
+                        "Order": "200",
+                    },
+                    [
+                        "Rule.DataSource",
+                        [
+                            "DataSource",
+                            {"Persistence": "ProjectFile", "ItemType": rule.rule_name},
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "Rule.Categories",
+                        [
+                            "Category",
+                            {"Name": "General"},
+                            ["Category.DisplayName", ["sys:String", "General"]],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "Category",
+                            {"Name": "Command Line", "Subtype": "CommandLine"},
+                            ["Category.DisplayName", ["sys:String", "Command Line"]],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "StringListProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Name": "Inputs",
+                            "Category": "Command Line",
+                            "IsRequired": "true",
+                            "Switch": " ",
+                        },
+                        [
+                            "StringListProperty.DataSource",
+                            [
+                                "DataSource",
+                                {
+                                    "Persistence": "ProjectFile",
+                                    "ItemType": rule.rule_name,
+                                    "SourceType": "Item",
+                                },
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "StringProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Name": "CommandLineTemplate",
+                            "DisplayName": "Command Line",
+                            "Visible": "False",
+                            "IncludeInCommandLine": "False",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "DynamicEnumProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Name": rule.before_targets,
+                            "Category": "General",
+                            "EnumProvider": "Targets",
+                            "IncludeInCommandLine": "False",
+                        },
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.DisplayName",
+                            ["sys:String", "Execute Before"],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.Description",
+                            [
+                                "sys:String",
+                                "Specifies the targets for the build customization"
+                                " to run before.",
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.ProviderSettings",
+                            [
+                                "NameValuePair",
+                                {
+                                    "Name": "Exclude",
+                                    "Value": "^%s|^Compute" % rule.before_targets,
+                                },
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.DataSource",
+                            [
+                                "DataSource",
+                                {
+                                    "Persistence": "ProjectFile",
+                                    "HasConfigurationCondition": "true",
+                                },
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "DynamicEnumProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Name": rule.after_targets,
+                            "Category": "General",
+                            "EnumProvider": "Targets",
+                            "IncludeInCommandLine": "False",
+                        },
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.DisplayName",
+                            ["sys:String", "Execute After"],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.Description",
+                            [
+                                "sys:String",
+                                (
+                                    "Specifies the targets for the build customization"
+                                    " to run after."
+                                ),
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.ProviderSettings",
+                            [
+                                "NameValuePair",
+                                {
+                                    "Name": "Exclude",
+                                    "Value": "^%s|^Compute" % rule.after_targets,
+                                },
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "DynamicEnumProperty.DataSource",
+                            [
+                                "DataSource",
+                                {
+                                    "Persistence": "ProjectFile",
+                                    "ItemType": "",
+                                    "HasConfigurationCondition": "true",
+                                },
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "StringListProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Name": "Outputs",
+                            "DisplayName": "Outputs",
+                            "Visible": "False",
+                            "IncludeInCommandLine": "False",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "StringProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Name": "ExecutionDescription",
+                            "DisplayName": "Execution Description",
+                            "Visible": "False",
+                            "IncludeInCommandLine": "False",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "StringListProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Name": "AdditionalDependencies",
+                            "DisplayName": "Additional Dependencies",
+                            "IncludeInCommandLine": "False",
+                            "Visible": "false",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        "StringProperty",
+                        {
+                            "Subtype": "AdditionalOptions",
+                            "Name": "AdditionalOptions",
+                            "Category": "Command Line",
+                        },
+                        [
+                            "StringProperty.DisplayName",
+                            ["sys:String", "Additional Options"],
+                        ],
+                        [
+                            "StringProperty.Description",
+                            ["sys:String", "Additional Options"],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                [
+                    "ItemType",
+                    {"Name": rule.rule_name, "DisplayName": rule.display_name},
+                ],
+                [
+                    "FileExtension",
+                    {"Name": "*" + rule.extension, "ContentType": rule.rule_name},
+                ],
+                [
+                    "ContentType",
+                    {
+                        "Name": rule.rule_name,
+                        "DisplayName": "",
+                        "ItemType": rule.rule_name,
+                    },
+                ],
+            ]
+        )
+    easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, xml_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+
+def _GetConfigurationAndPlatform(name, settings, spec):
+    configuration = name.rsplit("_", 1)[0]
+    platform = settings.get("msvs_configuration_platform", "Win32")
+    if spec["toolset"] == "host" and platform == "arm64":
+        platform = "x64"  # Host-only tools are always built for x64
+    return (configuration, platform)
+
+
+def _GetConfigurationCondition(name, settings, spec):
+    return r"'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='%s|%s'" % _GetConfigurationAndPlatform(
+        name, settings, spec
+    )
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildProjectConfigurations(configurations, spec):
+    group = ["ItemGroup", {"Label": "ProjectConfigurations"}]
+    for (name, settings) in sorted(configurations.items()):
+        configuration, platform = _GetConfigurationAndPlatform(name, settings, spec)
+        designation = f"{configuration}|{platform}"
+        group.append(
+            [
+                "ProjectConfiguration",
+                {"Include": designation},
+                ["Configuration", configuration],
+                ["Platform", platform],
+            ]
+        )
+    return [group]
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildGlobalProperties(spec, version, guid, gyp_file_name):
+    namespace = os.path.splitext(gyp_file_name)[0]
+    properties = [
+        [
+            "PropertyGroup",
+            {"Label": "Globals"},
+            ["ProjectGuid", guid],
+            ["Keyword", "Win32Proj"],
+            ["RootNamespace", namespace],
+            ["IgnoreWarnCompileDuplicatedFilename", "true"],
+        ]
+    ]
+
+    if (
+        os.environ.get("PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE") == "AMD64"
+        or os.environ.get("PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432") == "AMD64"
+    ):
+        properties[0].append(["PreferredToolArchitecture", "x64"])
+
+    if spec.get("msvs_target_platform_version"):
+        target_platform_version = spec.get("msvs_target_platform_version")
+        properties[0].append(["WindowsTargetPlatformVersion", target_platform_version])
+        if spec.get("msvs_target_platform_minversion"):
+            target_platform_minversion = spec.get("msvs_target_platform_minversion")
+            properties[0].append(
+                ["WindowsTargetPlatformMinVersion", target_platform_minversion]
+            )
+        else:
+            properties[0].append(
+                ["WindowsTargetPlatformMinVersion", target_platform_version]
+            )
+
+    if spec.get("msvs_enable_winrt"):
+        properties[0].append(["DefaultLanguage", "en-US"])
+        properties[0].append(["AppContainerApplication", "true"])
+        if spec.get("msvs_application_type_revision"):
+            app_type_revision = spec.get("msvs_application_type_revision")
+            properties[0].append(["ApplicationTypeRevision", app_type_revision])
+        else:
+            properties[0].append(["ApplicationTypeRevision", "8.1"])
+        if spec.get("msvs_enable_winphone"):
+            properties[0].append(["ApplicationType", "Windows Phone"])
+        else:
+            properties[0].append(["ApplicationType", "Windows Store"])
+
+    platform_name = None
+    msvs_windows_sdk_version = None
+    for configuration in spec["configurations"].values():
+        platform_name = platform_name or _ConfigPlatform(configuration)
+        msvs_windows_sdk_version = (
+            msvs_windows_sdk_version
+            or _ConfigWindowsTargetPlatformVersion(configuration, version)
+        )
+        if platform_name and msvs_windows_sdk_version:
+            break
+    if msvs_windows_sdk_version:
+        properties[0].append(
+            ["WindowsTargetPlatformVersion", str(msvs_windows_sdk_version)]
+        )
+    elif version.compatible_sdks:
+        raise GypError(
+            "%s requires any SDK of %s version, but none were found"
+            % (version.description, version.compatible_sdks)
+        )
+
+    if platform_name == "ARM":
+        properties[0].append(["WindowsSDKDesktopARMSupport", "true"])
+
+    return properties
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildConfigurationDetails(spec, build_file):
+    properties = {}
+    for name, settings in spec["configurations"].items():
+        msbuild_attributes = _GetMSBuildAttributes(spec, settings, build_file)
+        condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(name, settings, spec)
+        character_set = msbuild_attributes.get("CharacterSet")
+        vctools_version = msbuild_attributes.get("VCToolsVersion")
+        config_type = msbuild_attributes.get("ConfigurationType")
+        _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, "ConfigurationType", config_type)
+        spectre_mitigation = msbuild_attributes.get('SpectreMitigation')
+        if spectre_mitigation:
+            _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, "SpectreMitigation",
+                                    spectre_mitigation)
+        if config_type == "Driver":
+            _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, "DriverType", "WDM")
+            _AddConditionalProperty(
+                properties, condition, "TargetVersion", _ConfigTargetVersion(settings)
+            )
+        if character_set and "msvs_enable_winrt" not in spec:
+            _AddConditionalProperty(
+                properties, condition, "CharacterSet", character_set
+            )
+        if vctools_version and "msvs_enable_winrt" not in spec:
+            _AddConditionalProperty(
+                properties, condition, "VCToolsVersion", vctools_version
+            )
+    return _GetMSBuildPropertyGroup(spec, "Configuration", properties)
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildLocalProperties(msbuild_toolset):
+    # Currently the only local property we support is PlatformToolset
+    properties = {}
+    if msbuild_toolset:
+        properties = [
+            [
+                "PropertyGroup",
+                {"Label": "Locals"},
+                ["PlatformToolset", msbuild_toolset],
+            ]
+        ]
+    return properties
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildPropertySheets(configurations, spec):
+    user_props = r"$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props"
+    additional_props = {}
+    props_specified = False
+    for name, settings in sorted(configurations.items()):
+        configuration = _GetConfigurationCondition(name, settings, spec)
+        if "msbuild_props" in settings:
+            additional_props[configuration] = _FixPaths(settings["msbuild_props"])
+            props_specified = True
+        else:
+            additional_props[configuration] = ""
+
+    if not props_specified:
+        return [
+            [
+                "ImportGroup",
+                {"Label": "PropertySheets"},
+                [
+                    "Import",
+                    {
+                        "Project": user_props,
+                        "Condition": "exists('%s')" % user_props,
+                        "Label": "LocalAppDataPlatform",
+                    },
+                ],
+            ]
+        ]
+    else:
+        sheets = []
+        for condition, props in additional_props.items():
+            import_group = [
+                "ImportGroup",
+                {"Label": "PropertySheets", "Condition": condition},
+                [
+                    "Import",
+                    {
+                        "Project": user_props,
+                        "Condition": "exists('%s')" % user_props,
+                        "Label": "LocalAppDataPlatform",
+                    },
+                ],
+            ]
+            for props_file in props:
+                import_group.append(["Import", {"Project": props_file}])
+            sheets.append(import_group)
+        return sheets
+
+
+def _ConvertMSVSBuildAttributes(spec, config, build_file):
+    config_type = _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, build_file)
+    msvs_attributes = _GetMSVSAttributes(spec, config, config_type)
+    msbuild_attributes = {}
+    for a in msvs_attributes:
+        if a in ["IntermediateDirectory", "OutputDirectory"]:
+            directory = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(msvs_attributes[a])
+            if not directory.endswith("\\"):
+                directory += "\\"
+            msbuild_attributes[a] = directory
+        elif a == "CharacterSet":
+            msbuild_attributes[a] = _ConvertMSVSCharacterSet(msvs_attributes[a])
+        elif a == "ConfigurationType":
+            msbuild_attributes[a] = _ConvertMSVSConfigurationType(msvs_attributes[a])
+        elif a == "SpectreMitigation" or a == "VCToolsVersion":
+            msbuild_attributes[a] = msvs_attributes[a]
+        else:
+            print("Warning: Do not know how to convert MSVS attribute " + a)
+    return msbuild_attributes
+
+
+def _ConvertMSVSCharacterSet(char_set):
+    if char_set.isdigit():
+        char_set = {"0": "MultiByte", "1": "Unicode", "2": "MultiByte"}[char_set]
+    return char_set
+
+
+def _ConvertMSVSConfigurationType(config_type):
+    if config_type.isdigit():
+        config_type = {
+            "1": "Application",
+            "2": "DynamicLibrary",
+            "4": "StaticLibrary",
+            "5": "Driver",
+            "10": "Utility",
+        }[config_type]
+    return config_type
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildAttributes(spec, config, build_file):
+    if "msbuild_configuration_attributes" not in config:
+        msbuild_attributes = _ConvertMSVSBuildAttributes(spec, config, build_file)
+
+    else:
+        config_type = _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, build_file)
+        config_type = _ConvertMSVSConfigurationType(config_type)
+        msbuild_attributes = config.get("msbuild_configuration_attributes", {})
+        msbuild_attributes.setdefault("ConfigurationType", config_type)
+        output_dir = msbuild_attributes.get(
+            "OutputDirectory", "$(SolutionDir)$(Configuration)"
+        )
+        msbuild_attributes["OutputDirectory"] = _FixPath(output_dir) + "\\"
+        if "IntermediateDirectory" not in msbuild_attributes:
+            intermediate = _FixPath("$(Configuration)") + "\\"
+            msbuild_attributes["IntermediateDirectory"] = intermediate
+        if "CharacterSet" in msbuild_attributes:
+            msbuild_attributes["CharacterSet"] = _ConvertMSVSCharacterSet(
+                msbuild_attributes["CharacterSet"]
+            )
+    if "TargetName" not in msbuild_attributes:
+        prefix = spec.get("product_prefix", "")
+        product_name = spec.get("product_name", "$(ProjectName)")
+        target_name = prefix + product_name
+        msbuild_attributes["TargetName"] = target_name
+    if "TargetExt" not in msbuild_attributes and "product_extension" in spec:
+        ext = spec.get("product_extension")
+        msbuild_attributes["TargetExt"] = "." + ext
+
+    if spec.get("msvs_external_builder"):
+        external_out_dir = spec.get("msvs_external_builder_out_dir", ".")
+        msbuild_attributes["OutputDirectory"] = _FixPath(external_out_dir) + "\\"
+
+    # Make sure that 'TargetPath' matches 'Lib.OutputFile' or 'Link.OutputFile'
+    # (depending on the tool used) to avoid MSB8012 warning.
+    msbuild_tool_map = {
+        "executable": "Link",
+        "shared_library": "Link",
+        "loadable_module": "Link",
+        "windows_driver": "Link",
+        "static_library": "Lib",
+    }
+    msbuild_tool = msbuild_tool_map.get(spec["type"])
+    if msbuild_tool:
+        msbuild_settings = config["finalized_msbuild_settings"]
+        out_file = msbuild_settings[msbuild_tool].get("OutputFile")
+        if out_file:
+            msbuild_attributes["TargetPath"] = _FixPath(out_file)
+        target_ext = msbuild_settings[msbuild_tool].get("TargetExt")
+        if target_ext:
+            msbuild_attributes["TargetExt"] = target_ext
+
+    return msbuild_attributes
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildConfigurationGlobalProperties(spec, configurations, build_file):
+    # TODO(jeanluc) We could optimize out the following and do it only if
+    # there are actions.
+    # TODO(jeanluc) Handle the equivalent of setting 'CYGWIN=nontsec'.
+    new_paths = []
+    cygwin_dirs = spec.get("msvs_cygwin_dirs", ["."])[0]
+    if cygwin_dirs:
+        cyg_path = "$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\\%s\\bin\\" % _FixPath(cygwin_dirs)
+        new_paths.append(cyg_path)
+        # TODO(jeanluc) Change the convention to have both a cygwin_dir and a
+        # python_dir.
+        python_path = cyg_path.replace("cygwin\\bin", "python_26")
+        new_paths.append(python_path)
+        if new_paths:
+            new_paths = "$(ExecutablePath);" + ";".join(new_paths)
+
+    properties = {}
+    for (name, configuration) in sorted(configurations.items()):
+        condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(name, configuration, spec)
+        attributes = _GetMSBuildAttributes(spec, configuration, build_file)
+        msbuild_settings = configuration["finalized_msbuild_settings"]
+        _AddConditionalProperty(
+            properties, condition, "IntDir", attributes["IntermediateDirectory"]
+        )
+        _AddConditionalProperty(
+            properties, condition, "OutDir", attributes["OutputDirectory"]
+        )
+        _AddConditionalProperty(
+            properties, condition, "TargetName", attributes["TargetName"]
+        )
+        if "TargetExt" in attributes:
+            _AddConditionalProperty(
+                properties, condition, "TargetExt", attributes["TargetExt"]
+            )
+
+        if attributes.get("TargetPath"):
+            _AddConditionalProperty(
+                properties, condition, "TargetPath", attributes["TargetPath"]
+            )
+        if attributes.get("TargetExt"):
+            _AddConditionalProperty(
+                properties, condition, "TargetExt", attributes["TargetExt"]
+            )
+
+        if new_paths:
+            _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, "ExecutablePath", new_paths)
+        tool_settings = msbuild_settings.get("", {})
+        for name, value in sorted(tool_settings.items()):
+            formatted_value = _GetValueFormattedForMSBuild("", name, value)
+            _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, name, formatted_value)
+    return _GetMSBuildPropertyGroup(spec, None, properties)
+
+
+def _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, name, value):
+    """Adds a property / conditional value pair to a dictionary.
+
+  Arguments:
+    properties: The dictionary to be modified.  The key is the name of the
+        property.  The value is itself a dictionary; its key is the value and
+        the value a list of condition for which this value is true.
+    condition: The condition under which the named property has the value.
+    name: The name of the property.
+    value: The value of the property.
+  """
+    if name not in properties:
+        properties[name] = {}
+    values = properties[name]
+    if value not in values:
+        values[value] = []
+    conditions = values[value]
+    conditions.append(condition)
+
+
+# Regex for msvs variable references ( i.e. $(FOO) ).
+MSVS_VARIABLE_REFERENCE = re.compile(r"\$\(([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\)")
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildPropertyGroup(spec, label, properties):
+    """Returns a PropertyGroup definition for the specified properties.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target project dict.
+    label: An optional label for the PropertyGroup.
+    properties: The dictionary to be converted.  The key is the name of the
+        property.  The value is itself a dictionary; its key is the value and
+        the value a list of condition for which this value is true.
+  """
+    group = ["PropertyGroup"]
+    if label:
+        group.append({"Label": label})
+    num_configurations = len(spec["configurations"])
+
+    def GetEdges(node):
+        # Use a definition of edges such that user_of_variable -> used_variable.
+        # This happens to be easier in this case, since a variable's
+        # definition contains all variables it references in a single string.
+        edges = set()
+        for value in sorted(properties[node].keys()):
+            # Add to edges all $(...) references to variables.
+            #
+            # Variable references that refer to names not in properties are excluded
+            # These can exist for instance to refer built in definitions like
+            # $(SolutionDir).
+            #
+            # Self references are ignored. Self reference is used in a few places to
+            # append to the default value. I.e. PATH=$(PATH);other_path
+            edges.update(
+                {
+                    v
+                    for v in MSVS_VARIABLE_REFERENCE.findall(value)
+                    if v in properties and v != node
+                }
+            )
+        return edges
+
+    properties_ordered = gyp.common.TopologicallySorted(properties.keys(), GetEdges)
+    # Walk properties in the reverse of a topological sort on
+    # user_of_variable -> used_variable as this ensures variables are
+    # defined before they are used.
+    # NOTE: reverse(topsort(DAG)) = topsort(reverse_edges(DAG))
+    for name in reversed(properties_ordered):
+        values = properties[name]
+        for value, conditions in sorted(values.items()):
+            if len(conditions) == num_configurations:
+                # If the value is the same all configurations,
+                # just add one unconditional entry.
+                group.append([name, value])
+            else:
+                for condition in conditions:
+                    group.append([name, {"Condition": condition}, value])
+    return [group]
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildToolSettingsSections(spec, configurations):
+    groups = []
+    for (name, configuration) in sorted(configurations.items()):
+        msbuild_settings = configuration["finalized_msbuild_settings"]
+        group = [
+            "ItemDefinitionGroup",
+            {"Condition": _GetConfigurationCondition(name, configuration, spec)},
+        ]
+        for tool_name, tool_settings in sorted(msbuild_settings.items()):
+            # Skip the tool named '' which is a holder of global settings handled
+            # by _GetMSBuildConfigurationGlobalProperties.
+            if tool_name and tool_settings:
+                tool = [tool_name]
+                for name, value in sorted(tool_settings.items()):
+                    formatted_value = _GetValueFormattedForMSBuild(
+                        tool_name, name, value
+                    )
+                    tool.append([name, formatted_value])
+                group.append(tool)
+        groups.append(group)
+    return groups
+
+
+def _FinalizeMSBuildSettings(spec, configuration):
+    if "msbuild_settings" in configuration:
+        converted = False
+        msbuild_settings = configuration["msbuild_settings"]
+        MSVSSettings.ValidateMSBuildSettings(msbuild_settings)
+    else:
+        converted = True
+        msvs_settings = configuration.get("msvs_settings", {})
+        msbuild_settings = MSVSSettings.ConvertToMSBuildSettings(msvs_settings)
+    include_dirs, midl_include_dirs, resource_include_dirs = _GetIncludeDirs(
+        configuration
+    )
+    libraries = _GetLibraries(spec)
+    library_dirs = _GetLibraryDirs(configuration)
+    out_file, _, msbuild_tool = _GetOutputFilePathAndTool(spec, msbuild=True)
+    target_ext = _GetOutputTargetExt(spec)
+    defines = _GetDefines(configuration)
+    if converted:
+        # Visual Studio 2010 has TR1
+        defines = [d for d in defines if d != "_HAS_TR1=0"]
+        # Warn of ignored settings
+        ignored_settings = ["msvs_tool_files"]
+        for ignored_setting in ignored_settings:
+            value = configuration.get(ignored_setting)
+            if value:
+                print(
+                    "Warning: The automatic conversion to MSBuild does not handle "
+                    "%s.  Ignoring setting of %s" % (ignored_setting, str(value))
+                )
+
+    defines = [_EscapeCppDefineForMSBuild(d) for d in defines]
+    disabled_warnings = _GetDisabledWarnings(configuration)
+    prebuild = configuration.get("msvs_prebuild")
+    postbuild = configuration.get("msvs_postbuild")
+    def_file = _GetModuleDefinition(spec)
+    precompiled_header = configuration.get("msvs_precompiled_header")
+
+    # Add the information to the appropriate tool
+    # TODO(jeanluc) We could optimize and generate these settings only if
+    # the corresponding files are found, e.g. don't generate ResourceCompile
+    # if you don't have any resources.
+    _ToolAppend(
+        msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "AdditionalIncludeDirectories", include_dirs
+    )
+    _ToolAppend(
+        msbuild_settings, "Midl", "AdditionalIncludeDirectories", midl_include_dirs
+    )
+    _ToolAppend(
+        msbuild_settings,
+        "ResourceCompile",
+        "AdditionalIncludeDirectories",
+        resource_include_dirs,
+    )
+    # Add in libraries, note that even for empty libraries, we want this
+    # set, to prevent inheriting default libraries from the environment.
+    _ToolSetOrAppend(msbuild_settings, "Link", "AdditionalDependencies", libraries)
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "Link", "AdditionalLibraryDirectories", library_dirs)
+    if out_file:
+        _ToolAppend(
+            msbuild_settings, msbuild_tool, "OutputFile", out_file, only_if_unset=True
+        )
+    if target_ext:
+        _ToolAppend(
+            msbuild_settings, msbuild_tool, "TargetExt", target_ext, only_if_unset=True
+        )
+    # Add defines.
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "PreprocessorDefinitions", defines)
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "ResourceCompile", "PreprocessorDefinitions", defines)
+    # Add disabled warnings.
+    _ToolAppend(
+        msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "DisableSpecificWarnings", disabled_warnings
+    )
+    # Turn on precompiled headers if appropriate.
+    if precompiled_header:
+        # While MSVC works with just file name eg. "v8_pch.h", ClangCL requires
+        # the full path eg. "tools/msvs/pch/v8_pch.h" to find the file.
+        # P.S. Only ClangCL defines msbuild_toolset, for MSVC it is None.
+        if configuration.get("msbuild_toolset") != 'ClangCL':
+            precompiled_header = os.path.split(precompiled_header)[1]
+        _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "PrecompiledHeader", "Use")
+        _ToolAppend(
+            msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "PrecompiledHeaderFile", precompiled_header
+        )
+        _ToolAppend(
+            msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "ForcedIncludeFiles", [precompiled_header]
+        )
+    else:
+        _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "PrecompiledHeader", "NotUsing")
+    # Turn off WinRT compilation
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "ClCompile", "CompileAsWinRT", "false")
+    # Turn on import libraries if appropriate
+    if spec.get("msvs_requires_importlibrary"):
+        _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "", "IgnoreImportLibrary", "false")
+    # Loadable modules don't generate import libraries;
+    # tell dependent projects to not expect one.
+    if spec["type"] == "loadable_module":
+        _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "", "IgnoreImportLibrary", "true")
+    # Set the module definition file if any.
+    if def_file:
+        _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "Link", "ModuleDefinitionFile", def_file)
+    configuration["finalized_msbuild_settings"] = msbuild_settings
+    if prebuild:
+        _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "PreBuildEvent", "Command", prebuild)
+    if postbuild:
+        _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, "PostBuildEvent", "Command", postbuild)
+
+
+def _GetValueFormattedForMSBuild(tool_name, name, value):
+    if isinstance(value, list):
+        # For some settings, VS2010 does not automatically extends the settings
+        # TODO(jeanluc) Is this what we want?
+        if name in [
+            "AdditionalIncludeDirectories",
+            "AdditionalLibraryDirectories",
+            "AdditionalOptions",
+            "DelayLoadDLLs",
+            "DisableSpecificWarnings",
+            "PreprocessorDefinitions",
+        ]:
+            value.append("%%(%s)" % name)
+        # For most tools, entries in a list should be separated with ';' but some
+        # settings use a space.  Check for those first.
+        exceptions = {
+            "ClCompile": ["AdditionalOptions"],
+            "Link": ["AdditionalOptions"],
+            "Lib": ["AdditionalOptions"],
+        }
+        char = " " if name in exceptions.get(tool_name, []) else ";"
+        formatted_value = char.join(
+            [MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(i) for i in value]
+        )
+    else:
+        formatted_value = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(value)
+    return formatted_value
+
+
+def _VerifySourcesExist(sources, root_dir):
+    """Verifies that all source files exist on disk.
+
+  Checks that all regular source files, i.e. not created at run time,
+  exist on disk.  Missing files cause needless recompilation but no otherwise
+  visible errors.
+
+  Arguments:
+    sources: A recursive list of Filter/file names.
+    root_dir: The root directory for the relative path names.
+  Returns:
+    A list of source files that cannot be found on disk.
+  """
+    missing_sources = []
+    for source in sources:
+        if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+            missing_sources.extend(_VerifySourcesExist(source.contents, root_dir))
+        elif "$" not in source:
+            full_path = os.path.join(root_dir, source)
+            if not os.path.exists(full_path):
+                missing_sources.append(full_path)
+    return missing_sources
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildSources(
+    spec,
+    sources,
+    exclusions,
+    rule_dependencies,
+    extension_to_rule_name,
+    actions_spec,
+    sources_handled_by_action,
+    list_excluded,
+):
+    groups = [
+        "none",
+        "masm",
+        "midl",
+        "include",
+        "compile",
+        "resource",
+        "rule",
+        "rule_dependency",
+    ]
+    grouped_sources = {}
+    for g in groups:
+        grouped_sources[g] = []
+
+    _AddSources2(
+        spec,
+        sources,
+        exclusions,
+        grouped_sources,
+        rule_dependencies,
+        extension_to_rule_name,
+        sources_handled_by_action,
+        list_excluded,
+    )
+    sources = []
+    for g in groups:
+        if grouped_sources[g]:
+            sources.append(["ItemGroup"] + grouped_sources[g])
+    if actions_spec:
+        sources.append(["ItemGroup"] + actions_spec)
+    return sources
+
+
+def _AddSources2(
+    spec,
+    sources,
+    exclusions,
+    grouped_sources,
+    rule_dependencies,
+    extension_to_rule_name,
+    sources_handled_by_action,
+    list_excluded,
+):
+    extensions_excluded_from_precompile = []
+    for source in sources:
+        if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+            _AddSources2(
+                spec,
+                source.contents,
+                exclusions,
+                grouped_sources,
+                rule_dependencies,
+                extension_to_rule_name,
+                sources_handled_by_action,
+                list_excluded,
+            )
+        elif source not in sources_handled_by_action:
+            detail = []
+            excluded_configurations = exclusions.get(source, [])
+            if len(excluded_configurations) == len(spec["configurations"]):
+                detail.append(["ExcludedFromBuild", "true"])
+            else:
+                for config_name, configuration in sorted(excluded_configurations):
+                    condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(
+                        config_name, configuration
+                    )
+                    detail.append(
+                        ["ExcludedFromBuild", {"Condition": condition}, "true"]
+                    )
+            # Add precompile if needed
+            for config_name, configuration in spec["configurations"].items():
+                precompiled_source = configuration.get(
+                    "msvs_precompiled_source", ""
+                )
+                if precompiled_source != "":
+                    precompiled_source = _FixPath(precompiled_source)
+                    if not extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+                        # If the precompiled header is generated by a C source,
+                        # we must not try to use it for C++ sources,
+                        # and vice versa.
+                        basename, extension = os.path.splitext(precompiled_source)
+                        if extension == ".c":
+                            extensions_excluded_from_precompile = [
+                                ".cc",
+                                ".cpp",
+                                ".cxx",
+                            ]
+                        else:
+                            extensions_excluded_from_precompile = [".c"]
+
+                if precompiled_source == source:
+                    condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(
+                        config_name, configuration, spec
+                    )
+                    detail.append(
+                        ["PrecompiledHeader", {"Condition": condition}, "Create"]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    # Turn off precompiled header usage for source files of a
+                    # different type than the file that generated the
+                    # precompiled header.
+                    for extension in extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+                        if source.endswith(extension):
+                            detail.append(["PrecompiledHeader", ""])
+                            detail.append(["ForcedIncludeFiles", ""])
+
+            group, element = _MapFileToMsBuildSourceType(
+                source,
+                rule_dependencies,
+                extension_to_rule_name,
+                _GetUniquePlatforms(spec),
+                spec["toolset"],
+            )
+            if group == "compile" and not os.path.isabs(source):
+                # Add an <ObjectFileName> value to support duplicate source
+                # file basenames, except for absolute paths to avoid paths
+                # with more than 260 characters.
+                file_name = os.path.splitext(source)[0] + ".obj"
+                if file_name.startswith("..\\"):
+                    file_name = re.sub(r"^(\.\.\\)+", "", file_name)
+                elif file_name.startswith("$("):
+                    file_name = re.sub(r"^\$\([^)]+\)\\", "", file_name)
+                detail.append(["ObjectFileName", "$(IntDir)\\" + file_name])
+            grouped_sources[group].append([element, {"Include": source}] + detail)
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildProjectReferences(project):
+    references = []
+    if project.dependencies:
+        group = ["ItemGroup"]
+        added_dependency_set = set()
+        for dependency in project.dependencies:
+            dependency_spec = dependency.spec
+            should_skip_dep = False
+            if project.spec["toolset"] == "target":
+                if dependency_spec["toolset"] == "host":
+                    if dependency_spec["type"] == "static_library":
+                        should_skip_dep = True
+            if dependency.name.startswith("run_"):
+                should_skip_dep = False
+            if should_skip_dep:
+                continue
+
+            canonical_name = dependency.name.replace("_host", "")
+            added_dependency_set.add(canonical_name)
+            guid = dependency.guid
+            project_dir = os.path.split(project.path)[0]
+            relative_path = gyp.common.RelativePath(dependency.path, project_dir)
+            project_ref = [
+                "ProjectReference",
+                {"Include": relative_path},
+                ["Project", guid],
+                ["ReferenceOutputAssembly", "false"],
+            ]
+            for config in dependency.spec.get("configurations", {}).values():
+                if config.get("msvs_use_library_dependency_inputs", 0):
+                    project_ref.append(["UseLibraryDependencyInputs", "true"])
+                    break
+                # If it's disabled in any config, turn it off in the reference.
+                if config.get("msvs_2010_disable_uldi_when_referenced", 0):
+                    project_ref.append(["UseLibraryDependencyInputs", "false"])
+                    break
+            group.append(project_ref)
+        references.append(group)
+    return references
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildProject(project, options, version, generator_flags, spec):
+    spec = project.spec
+    configurations = spec["configurations"]
+    toolset = spec["toolset"]
+    project_dir, project_file_name = os.path.split(project.path)
+    gyp.common.EnsureDirExists(project.path)
+    # Prepare list of sources and excluded sources.
+
+    gyp_file = os.path.split(project.build_file)[1]
+    sources, excluded_sources = _PrepareListOfSources(spec, generator_flags, gyp_file)
+    # Add rules.
+    actions_to_add = {}
+    props_files_of_rules = set()
+    targets_files_of_rules = set()
+    rule_dependencies = set()
+    extension_to_rule_name = {}
+    list_excluded = generator_flags.get("msvs_list_excluded_files", True)
+    platforms = _GetUniquePlatforms(spec)
+
+    # Don't generate rules if we are using an external builder like ninja.
+    if not spec.get("msvs_external_builder"):
+        _GenerateRulesForMSBuild(
+            project_dir,
+            options,
+            spec,
+            sources,
+            excluded_sources,
+            props_files_of_rules,
+            targets_files_of_rules,
+            actions_to_add,
+            rule_dependencies,
+            extension_to_rule_name,
+        )
+    else:
+        rules = spec.get("rules", [])
+        _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, True)
+
+    sources, excluded_sources, excluded_idl = _AdjustSourcesAndConvertToFilterHierarchy(
+        spec, options, project_dir, sources, excluded_sources, list_excluded, version
+    )
+
+    # Don't add actions if we are using an external builder like ninja.
+    if not spec.get("msvs_external_builder"):
+        _AddActions(actions_to_add, spec, project.build_file)
+        _AddCopies(actions_to_add, spec)
+
+        # NOTE: this stanza must appear after all actions have been decided.
+        # Don't excluded sources with actions attached, or they won't run.
+        excluded_sources = _FilterActionsFromExcluded(excluded_sources, actions_to_add)
+
+    exclusions = _GetExcludedFilesFromBuild(spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl)
+    actions_spec, sources_handled_by_action = _GenerateActionsForMSBuild(
+        spec, actions_to_add
+    )
+
+    _GenerateMSBuildFiltersFile(
+        project.path + ".filters",
+        sources,
+        rule_dependencies,
+        extension_to_rule_name,
+        platforms,
+        toolset,
+    )
+    missing_sources = _VerifySourcesExist(sources, project_dir)
+
+    for configuration in configurations.values():
+        _FinalizeMSBuildSettings(spec, configuration)
+
+    # Add attributes to root element
+
+    import_default_section = [
+        ["Import", {"Project": r"$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props"}]
+    ]
+    import_cpp_props_section = [
+        ["Import", {"Project": r"$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props"}]
+    ]
+    import_cpp_targets_section = [
+        ["Import", {"Project": r"$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets"}]
+    ]
+    import_masm_props_section = [
+        ["Import", {"Project": r"$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\masm.props"}]
+    ]
+    import_masm_targets_section = [
+        ["Import", {"Project": r"$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\masm.targets"}]
+    ]
+    import_marmasm_props_section = [
+        ["Import", {"Project": r"$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\marmasm.props"}]
+    ]
+    import_marmasm_targets_section = [
+        ["Import", {"Project": r"$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\marmasm.targets"}]
+    ]
+    macro_section = [["PropertyGroup", {"Label": "UserMacros"}]]
+
+    content = [
+        "Project",
+        {
+            "xmlns": "http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003",
+            "ToolsVersion": version.ProjectVersion(),
+            "DefaultTargets": "Build",
+        },
+    ]
+
+    content += _GetMSBuildProjectConfigurations(configurations, spec)
+    content += _GetMSBuildGlobalProperties(
+        spec, version, project.guid, project_file_name
+    )
+    content += import_default_section
+    content += _GetMSBuildConfigurationDetails(spec, project.build_file)
+    if spec.get("msvs_enable_winphone"):
+        content += _GetMSBuildLocalProperties("v120_wp81")
+    else:
+        content += _GetMSBuildLocalProperties(project.msbuild_toolset)
+    content += import_cpp_props_section
+    content += import_masm_props_section
+    if "arm64" in platforms and toolset == "target":
+        content += import_marmasm_props_section
+    content += _GetMSBuildExtensions(props_files_of_rules)
+    content += _GetMSBuildPropertySheets(configurations, spec)
+    content += macro_section
+    content += _GetMSBuildConfigurationGlobalProperties(
+        spec, configurations, project.build_file
+    )
+    content += _GetMSBuildToolSettingsSections(spec, configurations)
+    content += _GetMSBuildSources(
+        spec,
+        sources,
+        exclusions,
+        rule_dependencies,
+        extension_to_rule_name,
+        actions_spec,
+        sources_handled_by_action,
+        list_excluded,
+    )
+    content += _GetMSBuildProjectReferences(project)
+    content += import_cpp_targets_section
+    content += import_masm_targets_section
+    if "arm64" in platforms and toolset == "target":
+        content += import_marmasm_targets_section
+    content += _GetMSBuildExtensionTargets(targets_files_of_rules)
+
+    if spec.get("msvs_external_builder"):
+        content += _GetMSBuildExternalBuilderTargets(spec)
+
+    # TODO(jeanluc) File a bug to get rid of runas.  We had in MSVS:
+    # has_run_as = _WriteMSVSUserFile(project.path, version, spec)
+
+    easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, project.path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+    return missing_sources
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildExternalBuilderTargets(spec):
+    """Return a list of MSBuild targets for external builders.
+
+  The "Build" and "Clean" targets are always generated.  If the spec contains
+  'msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd', then the "ClCompile" target will also
+  be generated, to support building selected C/C++ files.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The gyp target spec.
+  Returns:
+    List of MSBuild 'Target' specs.
+  """
+    build_cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+        spec, spec["msvs_external_builder_build_cmd"], False, False, False, False
+    )
+    build_target = ["Target", {"Name": "Build"}]
+    build_target.append(["Exec", {"Command": build_cmd}])
+
+    clean_cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+        spec, spec["msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd"], False, False, False, False
+    )
+    clean_target = ["Target", {"Name": "Clean"}]
+    clean_target.append(["Exec", {"Command": clean_cmd}])
+
+    targets = [build_target, clean_target]
+
+    if spec.get("msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd"):
+        clcompile_cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+            spec,
+            spec["msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd"],
+            False,
+            False,
+            False,
+            False,
+        )
+        clcompile_target = ["Target", {"Name": "ClCompile"}]
+        clcompile_target.append(["Exec", {"Command": clcompile_cmd}])
+        targets.append(clcompile_target)
+
+    return targets
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildExtensions(props_files_of_rules):
+    extensions = ["ImportGroup", {"Label": "ExtensionSettings"}]
+    for props_file in props_files_of_rules:
+        extensions.append(["Import", {"Project": props_file}])
+    return [extensions]
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildExtensionTargets(targets_files_of_rules):
+    targets_node = ["ImportGroup", {"Label": "ExtensionTargets"}]
+    for targets_file in sorted(targets_files_of_rules):
+        targets_node.append(["Import", {"Project": targets_file}])
+    return [targets_node]
+
+
+def _GenerateActionsForMSBuild(spec, actions_to_add):
+    """Add actions accumulated into an actions_to_add, merging as needed.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: the target project dict
+    actions_to_add: dictionary keyed on input name, which maps to a list of
+        dicts describing the actions attached to that input file.
+
+  Returns:
+    A pair of (action specification, the sources handled by this action).
+  """
+    sources_handled_by_action = OrderedSet()
+    actions_spec = []
+    for primary_input, actions in actions_to_add.items():
+        if generator_supports_multiple_toolsets:
+            primary_input = primary_input.replace(".exe", "_host.exe")
+        inputs = OrderedSet()
+        outputs = OrderedSet()
+        descriptions = []
+        commands = []
+        for action in actions:
+
+            def fixup_host_exe(i):
+                if "$(OutDir)" in i:
+                    i = i.replace(".exe", "_host.exe")
+                return i
+
+            if generator_supports_multiple_toolsets:
+                action["inputs"] = [fixup_host_exe(i) for i in action["inputs"]]
+            inputs.update(OrderedSet(action["inputs"]))
+            outputs.update(OrderedSet(action["outputs"]))
+            descriptions.append(action["description"])
+            cmd = action["command"]
+            if generator_supports_multiple_toolsets:
+                cmd = cmd.replace(".exe", "_host.exe")
+            # For most actions, add 'call' so that actions that invoke batch files
+            # return and continue executing.  msbuild_use_call provides a way to
+            # disable this but I have not seen any adverse effect from doing that
+            # for everything.
+            if action.get("msbuild_use_call", True):
+                cmd = "call " + cmd
+            commands.append(cmd)
+        # Add the custom build action for one input file.
+        description = ", and also ".join(descriptions)
+
+        # We can't join the commands simply with && because the command line will
+        # get too long. See also _AddActions: cygwin's setup_env mustn't be called
+        # for every invocation or the command that sets the PATH will grow too
+        # long.
+        command = "\r\n".join(
+            [c + "\r\nif %errorlevel% neq 0 exit /b %errorlevel%" for c in commands]
+        )
+        _AddMSBuildAction(
+            spec,
+            primary_input,
+            inputs,
+            outputs,
+            command,
+            description,
+            sources_handled_by_action,
+            actions_spec,
+        )
+    return actions_spec, sources_handled_by_action
+
+
+def _AddMSBuildAction(
+    spec,
+    primary_input,
+    inputs,
+    outputs,
+    cmd,
+    description,
+    sources_handled_by_action,
+    actions_spec,
+):
+    command = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(cmd)
+    primary_input = _FixPath(primary_input)
+    inputs_array = _FixPaths(inputs)
+    outputs_array = _FixPaths(outputs)
+    additional_inputs = ";".join([i for i in inputs_array if i != primary_input])
+    outputs = ";".join(outputs_array)
+    sources_handled_by_action.add(primary_input)
+    action_spec = ["CustomBuild", {"Include": primary_input}]
+    action_spec.extend(
+        # TODO(jeanluc) 'Document' for all or just if as_sources?
+        [
+            ["FileType", "Document"],
+            ["Command", command],
+            ["Message", description],
+            ["Outputs", outputs],
+        ]
+    )
+    if additional_inputs:
+        action_spec.append(["AdditionalInputs", additional_inputs])
+    actions_spec.append(action_spec)