eyeprolog 1.6.12 → 1.6.13

package/examples/proof/skolem-functions.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+type(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), observation).
+type(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), observation).
+type(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), observation).
+type(skolem_alert(alice, glucose), highGlucoseAlert).
+patient(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), alice).
+patient(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), alice).
+patient(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), bob).
+test(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), glucose).
+test(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), cholesterol).
+test(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), glucose).
+value(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), 6.8).
+value(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), 4.2).
+value(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), 5.1).
+about(skolem_alert(alice, glucose), skolem_observation(alice, glucose)).
+sameInputsSameId(skolemDemo, true).
+noObservationClash(skolemDemo, true).
+
+clause(1, test_result(alice, glucose, 6.8), true).
+clause(2, test_result(alice, cholesterol, 4.2), true).
+clause(3, test_result(bob, glucose, 5.1), true).
+clause(4,
+       high_glucose(var('Patient')),
+       (test_result(var('Patient'), glucose, var('Value')), var('Value') > 6.0)).
+clause(6,
+       type(skolem_observation(var('Patient'), var('Test')), observation),
+       test_result(var('Patient'), var('Test'), anonymous(1))).
+clause(7,
+       patient(skolem_observation(var('Patient'), var('Test')), var('Patient')),
+       test_result(var('Patient'), var('Test'), anonymous(1))).
+clause(8,
+       test(skolem_observation(var('Patient'), var('Test')), var('Test')),
+       test_result(var('Patient'), var('Test'), anonymous(1))).
+clause(9,
+       value(skolem_observation(var('Patient'), var('Test')), var('Value')),
+       test_result(var('Patient'), var('Test'), var('Value'))).
+clause(10,
+       type(skolem_alert(var('Patient'), glucose), highGlucoseAlert),
+       high_glucose(var('Patient'))).
+clause(11,
+       about(skolem_alert(var('Patient'), glucose), skolem_observation(var('Patient'), glucose)),
+       high_glucose(var('Patient'))).
+clause(12,
+       sameInputsSameId(skolemDemo, true),
+       skolem_observation(alice, glucose) = skolem_observation(alice, glucose)).
+clause(13,
+       noObservationClash(skolemDemo, true),
+       (skolem_observation(alice, glucose) \= skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol),
+        skolem_observation(alice, glucose) \= skolem_observation(bob, glucose))).
+
+step(type(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), observation),
+     rule(6),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = glucose],
+     [test_result(alice, glucose, 6.8)]).
+step(test_result(alice, glucose, 6.8), fact(1), [], []).
+step(type(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), observation),
+     rule(6),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = cholesterol],
+     [test_result(alice, cholesterol, 4.2)]).
+step(test_result(alice, cholesterol, 4.2), fact(2), [], []).
+step(type(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), observation),
+     rule(6),
+     ['Patient' = bob, 'Test' = glucose],
+     [test_result(bob, glucose, 5.1)]).
+step(test_result(bob, glucose, 5.1), fact(3), [], []).
+step(type(skolem_alert(alice, glucose), highGlucoseAlert),
+     rule(10),
+     ['Patient' = alice],
+     [high_glucose(alice)]).
+step(high_glucose(alice),
+     rule(4),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Value' = 6.8],
+     [test_result(alice, glucose, 6.8), 6.8 > 6.0]).
+step(6.8 > 6.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(patient(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), alice),
+     rule(7),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = glucose],
+     [test_result(alice, glucose, 6.8)]).
+step(patient(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), alice),
+     rule(7),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = cholesterol],
+     [test_result(alice, cholesterol, 4.2)]).
+step(patient(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), bob),
+     rule(7),
+     ['Patient' = bob, 'Test' = glucose],
+     [test_result(bob, glucose, 5.1)]).
+step(test(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), glucose),
+     rule(8),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = glucose],
+     [test_result(alice, glucose, 6.8)]).
+step(test(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), cholesterol),
+     rule(8),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = cholesterol],
+     [test_result(alice, cholesterol, 4.2)]).
+step(test(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), glucose),
+     rule(8),
+     ['Patient' = bob, 'Test' = glucose],
+     [test_result(bob, glucose, 5.1)]).
+step(value(skolem_observation(alice, glucose), 6.8),
+     rule(9),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = glucose, 'Value' = 6.8],
+     [test_result(alice, glucose, 6.8)]).
+step(value(skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol), 4.2),
+     rule(9),
+     ['Patient' = alice, 'Test' = cholesterol, 'Value' = 4.2],
+     [test_result(alice, cholesterol, 4.2)]).
+step(value(skolem_observation(bob, glucose), 5.1),
+     rule(9),
+     ['Patient' = bob, 'Test' = glucose, 'Value' = 5.1],
+     [test_result(bob, glucose, 5.1)]).
+step(about(skolem_alert(alice, glucose), skolem_observation(alice, glucose)),
+     rule(11),
+     ['Patient' = alice],
+     [high_glucose(alice)]).
+step(sameInputsSameId(skolemDemo, true),
+     rule(12),
+     [],
+     [skolem_observation(alice, glucose) = skolem_observation(alice, glucose)]).
+step(skolem_observation(alice, glucose) = skolem_observation(alice, glucose), builtin, [], []).
+step(noObservationClash(skolemDemo, true),
+     rule(13),
+     [],
+     [skolem_observation(alice, glucose) \= skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol),
+      skolem_observation(alice, glucose) \= skolem_observation(bob, glucose)]).
+step(skolem_observation(alice, glucose) \= skolem_observation(alice, cholesterol),
+     builtin,
+     [],
+     []).
+step(skolem_observation(alice, glucose) \= skolem_observation(bob, glucose), builtin, [], []).

package/examples/proof/statistics-summary.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+mean(scores, 5.0).
+count(scores, 8).
+populationVariance(scores, 4.0).
+populationStddev(scores, 2.0).
+
+clause(1, sample(scores, [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0]), true).
+clause(2, sum([], 0.0), true).
+clause(3,
+       sum([var('X') | var('Xs')], var('Total')),
+       (sum(var('Xs'), var('Rest')), var('Total') is var('X') + var('Rest'))).
+clause(4,
+       mean(var('Name'), var('Mean')),
+       (sample(var('Name'), var('Values')),
+        sum(var('Values'), var('Total')),
+        length(var('Values'), var('Count')),
+        var('Mean') is var('Total') / var('Count'))).
+clause(5, squared_error_sum([], anonymous(1), 0.0), true).
+clause(6,
+       squared_error_sum([var('X') | var('Xs')], var('Mean'), var('Total')),
+       (var('Delta') is var('X') - var('Mean'),
+        var('Squared') is var('Delta') ** 2.0,
+        squared_error_sum(var('Xs'), var('Mean'), var('Rest')),
+        var('Total') is var('Squared') + var('Rest'))).
+clause(7,
+       population_variance(var('Name'), var('Variance')),
+       (sample(var('Name'), var('Values')),
+        mean(var('Name'), var('Mean')),
+        squared_error_sum(var('Values'), var('Mean'), var('Sumsquarederrors')),
+        length(var('Values'), var('Count')),
+        var('Variance') is var('Sumsquarederrors') / var('Count'))).
+clause(8,
+       population_stddev(var('Name'), var('Stddev')),
+       (population_variance(var('Name'), var('Variance')),
+        var('Stddev') is var('Variance') ** 0.5)).
+clause(9,
+       count(var('Name'), var('Count')),
+       (sample(var('Name'), var('Values')), length(var('Values'), var('Count')))).
+clause(10,
+       populationVariance(var('Name'), var('Variance')),
+       population_variance(var('Name'), var('Variance'))).
+clause(11,
+       populationStddev(var('Name'), var('Stddev')),
+       population_stddev(var('Name'), var('Stddev'))).
+
+step(mean(scores, 5.0),
+     rule(4),
+     ['Name' = scores,
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Values' = [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0],
+      'Total' = 40.0,
+      'Count' = 8],
+     [sample(scores, [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0]),
+      sum([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 40.0),
+      length([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 8),
+      5.0 is 40.0 / 8]).
+step(sample(scores, [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0]), fact(1), [], []).
+step(sum([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 40.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 2.0, 'Xs' = [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 'Total' = 40.0, 'Rest' = 38.0],
+     [sum([4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 38.0), 40.0 is 2.0 + 38.0]).
+step(sum([4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 38.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 4.0, 'Xs' = [4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 'Total' = 38.0, 'Rest' = 34.0],
+     [sum([4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 34.0), 38.0 is 4.0 + 34.0]).
+step(sum([4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 34.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 4.0, 'Xs' = [4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 'Total' = 34.0, 'Rest' = 30.0],
+     [sum([4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 30.0), 34.0 is 4.0 + 30.0]).
+step(sum([4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 30.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 4.0, 'Xs' = [5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 'Total' = 30.0, 'Rest' = 26.0],
+     [sum([5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 26.0), 30.0 is 4.0 + 26.0]).
+step(sum([5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 26.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 5.0, 'Xs' = [5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 'Total' = 26.0, 'Rest' = 21.0],
+     [sum([5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 21.0), 26.0 is 5.0 + 21.0]).
+step(sum([5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 21.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 5.0, 'Xs' = [7.0, 9.0], 'Total' = 21.0, 'Rest' = 16.0],
+     [sum([7.0, 9.0], 16.0), 21.0 is 5.0 + 16.0]).
+step(sum([7.0, 9.0], 16.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 7.0, 'Xs' = [9.0], 'Total' = 16.0, 'Rest' = 9.0],
+     [sum([9.0], 9.0), 16.0 is 7.0 + 9.0]).
+step(sum([9.0], 9.0),
+     rule(3),
+     ['X' = 9.0, 'Xs' = [], 'Total' = 9.0, 'Rest' = 0.0],
+     [sum([], 0.0), 9.0 is 9.0 + 0.0]).
+step(sum([], 0.0), fact(2), [], []).
+step(9.0 is 9.0 + 0.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(16.0 is 7.0 + 9.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(21.0 is 5.0 + 16.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(26.0 is 5.0 + 21.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(30.0 is 4.0 + 26.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(34.0 is 4.0 + 30.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(38.0 is 4.0 + 34.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(40.0 is 2.0 + 38.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(length([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 8), builtin, [], []).
+step(5.0 is 40.0 / 8, builtin, [], []).
+step(count(scores, 8),
+     rule(9),
+     ['Name' = scores, 'Count' = 8, 'Values' = [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0]],
+     [sample(scores, [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0]),
+      length([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 8)]).
+step(populationVariance(scores, 4.0),
+     rule(10),
+     ['Name' = scores, 'Variance' = 4.0],
+     [population_variance(scores, 4.0)]).
+step(population_variance(scores, 4.0),
+     rule(7),
+     ['Name' = scores,
+      'Variance' = 4.0,
+      'Values' = [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Sumsquarederrors' = 32.0,
+      'Count' = 8],
+     [sample(scores, [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0]),
+      mean(scores, 5.0),
+      squared_error_sum([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 32.0),
+      length([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 8),
+      4.0 is 32.0 / 8]).
+step(squared_error_sum([2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 32.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 2.0,
+      'Xs' = [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 32.0,
+      'Delta' = -3.0,
+      'Squared' = 9.0,
+      'Rest' = 23.0],
+     [-3.0 is 2.0 - 5.0,
+      9.0 is -3.0 ** 2.0,
+      squared_error_sum([4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 23.0),
+      32.0 is 9.0 + 23.0]).
+step(-3.0 is 2.0 - 5.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(9.0 is -3.0 ** 2.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(squared_error_sum([4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 23.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 4.0,
+      'Xs' = [4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 23.0,
+      'Delta' = -1.0,
+      'Squared' = 1.0,
+      'Rest' = 22.0],
+     [-1.0 is 4.0 - 5.0,
+      1.0 is -1.0 ** 2.0,
+      squared_error_sum([4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 22.0),
+      23.0 is 1.0 + 22.0]).
+step(-1.0 is 4.0 - 5.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(1.0 is -1.0 ** 2.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(squared_error_sum([4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 22.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 4.0,
+      'Xs' = [4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 22.0,
+      'Delta' = -1.0,
+      'Squared' = 1.0,
+      'Rest' = 21.0],
+     [-1.0 is 4.0 - 5.0,
+      1.0 is -1.0 ** 2.0,
+      squared_error_sum([4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 21.0),
+      22.0 is 1.0 + 21.0]).
+step(squared_error_sum([4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 21.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 4.0,
+      'Xs' = [5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 21.0,
+      'Delta' = -1.0,
+      'Squared' = 1.0,
+      'Rest' = 20.0],
+     [-1.0 is 4.0 - 5.0,
+      1.0 is -1.0 ** 2.0,
+      squared_error_sum([5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 20.0),
+      21.0 is 1.0 + 20.0]).
+step(squared_error_sum([5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 20.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 5.0,
+      'Xs' = [5.0, 7.0, 9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 20.0,
+      'Delta' = 0.0,
+      'Squared' = 0.0,
+      'Rest' = 20.0],
+     [0.0 is 5.0 - 5.0,
+      0.0 is 0.0 ** 2.0,
+      squared_error_sum([5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 20.0),
+      20.0 is 0.0 + 20.0]).
+step(0.0 is 5.0 - 5.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(0.0 is 0.0 ** 2.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(squared_error_sum([5.0, 7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 20.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 5.0,
+      'Xs' = [7.0, 9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 20.0,
+      'Delta' = 0.0,
+      'Squared' = 0.0,
+      'Rest' = 20.0],
+     [0.0 is 5.0 - 5.0,
+      0.0 is 0.0 ** 2.0,
+      squared_error_sum([7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 20.0),
+      20.0 is 0.0 + 20.0]).
+step(squared_error_sum([7.0, 9.0], 5.0, 20.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 7.0,
+      'Xs' = [9.0],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 20.0,
+      'Delta' = 2.0,
+      'Squared' = 4.0,
+      'Rest' = 16.0],
+     [2.0 is 7.0 - 5.0,
+      4.0 is 2.0 ** 2.0,
+      squared_error_sum([9.0], 5.0, 16.0),
+      20.0 is 4.0 + 16.0]).
+step(2.0 is 7.0 - 5.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(4.0 is 2.0 ** 2.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(squared_error_sum([9.0], 5.0, 16.0),
+     rule(6),
+     ['X' = 9.0,
+      'Xs' = [],
+      'Mean' = 5.0,
+      'Total' = 16.0,
+      'Delta' = 4.0,
+      'Squared' = 16.0,
+      'Rest' = 0.0],
+     [4.0 is 9.0 - 5.0, 16.0 is 4.0 ** 2.0, squared_error_sum([], 5.0, 0.0), 16.0 is 16.0 + 0.0]).
+step(4.0 is 9.0 - 5.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(16.0 is 4.0 ** 2.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(squared_error_sum([], 5.0, 0.0), fact(5), [], []).
+step(16.0 is 16.0 + 0.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(20.0 is 4.0 + 16.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(20.0 is 0.0 + 20.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(21.0 is 1.0 + 20.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(22.0 is 1.0 + 21.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(23.0 is 1.0 + 22.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(32.0 is 9.0 + 23.0, builtin, [], []).
+step(4.0 is 32.0 / 8, builtin, [], []).
+step(populationStddev(scores, 2.0),
+     rule(11),
+     ['Name' = scores, 'Stddev' = 2.0],
+     [population_stddev(scores, 2.0)]).
+step(population_stddev(scores, 2.0),
+     rule(8),
+     ['Name' = scores, 'Stddev' = 2.0, 'Variance' = 4.0],
+     [population_variance(scores, 4.0), 2.0 is 4.0 ** 0.5]).
+step(2.0 is 4.0 ** 0.5, builtin, [], []).

package/examples/proof/stirling-bell-numbers.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+stirling_bell_answer(stirling_10_4, 34105.0).
+stirling_bell_answer(stirling_12_5, 1379400.0).
+stirling_bell_answer(bell_10, 115975).
+stirling_bell_answer(bell_12, 4213597).
+
+clause(1, factorial(0, 1), true).
+clause(2,
+       factorial(var('N'), var('Value')),
+       (var('N') > 0,
+        var('N1') is var('N') - 1,
+        factorial(var('N1'), var('Previous')),
+        var('Value') is var('N') * var('Previous'))).
+clause(12,
+       stirling2(var('N'), var('K'), var('Count')),
+       (var('N') > 0,
+        var('K') > 0,
+        sumall(var('Term'), (between(0, var('K'), var('I')), signed_term(var('N'), var('K'), var('I'), var('Term'))), var('Sum')),
+        factorial(var('K'), var('Factorial')),
+        var('Count') is var('Sum') / var('Factorial'))).
+clause(14,
+       bell(var('N'), var('Count')),
+       (var('N') > 0,
+        var('N1') is var('N') - 1,
+        sumall(var('Term'), (between(0, var('N1'), var('K')), binomial(var('N1'), var('K'), var('Choose')), bell(var('K'), var('Bell')), var('Term') is var('Choose') * var('Bell')), var('Count')))).
+clause(15, stirling_bell_answer(stirling_10_4, var('Count')), stirling2(10, 4, var('Count'))).
+clause(16, stirling_bell_answer(stirling_12_5, var('Count')), stirling2(12, 5, var('Count'))).
+clause(17, stirling_bell_answer(bell_10, var('Count')), bell(10, var('Count'))).
+clause(18, stirling_bell_answer(bell_12, var('Count')), bell(12, var('Count'))).
+
+step(stirling_bell_answer(stirling_10_4, 34105.0),
+     rule(15),
+     ['Count' = 34105.0],
+     [stirling2(10, 4, 34105.0)]).
+step(stirling2(10, 4, 34105.0),
+     rule(12),
+     ['N' = 10, 'K' = 4, 'Count' = 34105.0, 'Sum' = 818520.0, 'Factorial' = 24],
+     [10 > 0,
+      4 > 0,
+      sumall(Expression, (between(0, 4, I), signed_term(10, 4, I, Expression)), 818520.0),
+      factorial(4, 24),
+      34105.0 is 818520.0 / 24]).
+step(10 > 0, builtin, [], []).
+step(4 > 0, builtin, [], []).
+step(sumall(Expression, (between(0, 4, I), signed_term(10, 4, I, Expression)), 818520.0),
+     builtin,
+     [],
+     []).
+step(factorial(4, 24),
+     rule(2),
+     ['N' = 4, 'Value' = 24, 'N1' = 3, 'Previous' = 6],
+     [4 > 0, 3 is 4 - 1, factorial(3, 6), 24 is 4 * 6]).
+step(3 is 4 - 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(factorial(3, 6),
+     rule(2),
+     ['N' = 3, 'Value' = 6, 'N1' = 2, 'Previous' = 2],
+     [3 > 0, 2 is 3 - 1, factorial(2, 2), 6 is 3 * 2]).
+step(3 > 0, builtin, [], []).
+step(2 is 3 - 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(factorial(2, 2),
+     rule(2),
+     ['N' = 2, 'Value' = 2, 'N1' = 1, 'Previous' = 1],
+     [2 > 0, 1 is 2 - 1, factorial(1, 1), 2 is 2 * 1]).
+step(2 > 0, builtin, [], []).
+step(1 is 2 - 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(factorial(1, 1),
+     rule(2),
+     ['N' = 1, 'Value' = 1, 'N1' = 0, 'Previous' = 1],
+     [1 > 0, 0 is 1 - 1, factorial(0, 1), 1 is 1 * 1]).
+step(1 > 0, builtin, [], []).
+step(0 is 1 - 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(factorial(0, 1), fact(1), [], []).
+step(1 is 1 * 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(2 is 2 * 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(6 is 3 * 2, builtin, [], []).
+step(24 is 4 * 6, builtin, [], []).
+step(34105.0 is 818520.0 / 24, builtin, [], []).
+step(stirling_bell_answer(stirling_12_5, 1379400.0),
+     rule(16),
+     ['Count' = 1379400.0],
+     [stirling2(12, 5, 1379400.0)]).
+step(stirling2(12, 5, 1379400.0),
+     rule(12),
+     ['N' = 12, 'K' = 5, 'Count' = 1379400.0, 'Sum' = 165528000.0, 'Factorial' = 120],
+     [12 > 0,
+      5 > 0,
+      sumall(Expression, (between(0, 5, I), signed_term(12, 5, I, Expression)), 165528000.0),
+      factorial(5, 120),
+      1379400.0 is 165528000.0 / 120]).
+step(12 > 0, builtin, [], []).
+step(5 > 0, builtin, [], []).
+step(sumall(Expression, (between(0, 5, I), signed_term(12, 5, I, Expression)), 165528000.0),
+     builtin,
+     [],
+     []).
+step(factorial(5, 120),
+     rule(2),
+     ['N' = 5, 'Value' = 120, 'N1' = 4, 'Previous' = 24],
+     [5 > 0, 4 is 5 - 1, factorial(4, 24), 120 is 5 * 24]).
+step(4 is 5 - 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(120 is 5 * 24, builtin, [], []).
+step(1379400.0 is 165528000.0 / 120, builtin, [], []).
+step(stirling_bell_answer(bell_10, 115975), rule(17), ['Count' = 115975], [bell(10, 115975)]).
+step(bell(10, 115975),
+     rule(14),
+     ['N' = 10, 'Count' = 115975, 'N1' = 9],
+     [10 > 0,
+      9 is 10 - 1,
+      sumall(Expression, (between(0, 9, K), binomial(9, K, Choose), bell(K, Bell), Expression is Choose * Bell), 115975)]).
+step(9 is 10 - 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(sumall(Expression, (between(0, 9, K), binomial(9, K, Choose), bell(K, Bell), Expression is Choose * Bell), 115975),
+     builtin,
+     [],
+     []).
+step(stirling_bell_answer(bell_12, 4213597), rule(18), ['Count' = 4213597], [bell(12, 4213597)]).
+step(bell(12, 4213597),
+     rule(14),
+     ['N' = 12, 'Count' = 4213597, 'N1' = 11],
+     [12 > 0,
+      11 is 12 - 1,
+      sumall(Expression, (between(0, 11, K), binomial(11, K, Choose), bell(K, Bell), Expression is Choose * Bell), 4213597)]).
+step(11 is 12 - 1, builtin, [], []).
+step(sumall(Expression, (between(0, 11, K), binomial(11, K, Choose), bell(K, Bell), Expression is Choose * Bell), 4213597),
+     builtin,
+     [],
+     []).

package/examples/proof/superdense-coding.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+decodesAs(message(1), 1).
+decodesAs(message(3), 3).
+decodesAs(message(0), 0).
+decodesAs(message(2), 2).
+preservesMessage(protocol, true).
+cancelsCrossTalk(protocol, true).
+
+clause(1, r(false, false), true).
+clause(2, r(true, true), true).
+clause(3, identity(false, false), true).
+clause(4, identity(true, true), true).
+clause(5, g(false, true), true).
+clause(8, k(true, false), true).
+clause(10, kg(var('X'), var('Y')), (g(var('X'), var('Z')), k(var('Z'), var('Y')))).
+clause(11, gk(var('X'), var('Y')), (k(var('X'), var('Z')), g(var('Z'), var('Y')))).
+clause(12, alice(0, var('X'), var('Y')), identity(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(13, alice(1, var('X'), var('Y')), g(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(14, alice(2, var('X'), var('Y')), k(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(15, alice(3, var('X'), var('Y')), kg(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(16, bob(var('X'), var('Y'), 0), gk(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(17, bob(var('X'), var('Y'), 1), k(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(18, bob(var('X'), var('Y'), 2), g(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(19, bob(var('X'), var('Y'), 3), identity(var('X'), var('Y'))).
+clause(20,
+       sdc_path(var('N'), var('M'), path(var('X'), var('Y'), var('B'))),
+       (r(var('X'), var('Y')),
+        alice(var('N'), var('X'), var('B')),
+        bob(var('B'), var('Y'), var('M')))).
+clause(22,
+       sdcoding(var('N'), var('M')),
+       (sdc_path(var('N'), var('M'), var('Proof')),
+        \+ duplicate_sdc_path(var('N'), var('M'), var('Proof')))).
+clause(23, decodesAs(message(var('N')), var('M')), sdcoding(var('N'), var('M'))).
+clause(24,
+       preservesMessage(protocol, true),
+       (sdcoding(0, 0), sdcoding(1, 1), sdcoding(2, 2), sdcoding(3, 3))).
+clause(25,
+       cancelsCrossTalk(protocol, true),
+       (\+ sdcoding(0, 1), \+ sdcoding(1, 0), \+ sdcoding(2, 3), \+ sdcoding(3, 2))).
+
+step(decodesAs(message(1), 1), rule(23), ['N' = 1, 'M' = 1], [sdcoding(1, 1)]).
+step(sdcoding(1, 1),
+     rule(22),
+     ['N' = 1, 'M' = 1, 'Proof' = path(false, false, true)],
+     [sdc_path(1, 1, path(false, false, true)),
+      \+ duplicate_sdc_path(1, 1, path(false, false, true))]).
+step(sdc_path(1, 1, path(false, false, true)),
+     rule(20),
+     ['N' = 1, 'M' = 1, 'X' = false, 'Y' = false, 'B' = true],
+     [r(false, false), alice(1, false, true), bob(true, false, 1)]).
+step(r(false, false), fact(1), [], []).
+step(alice(1, false, true), rule(13), ['X' = false, 'Y' = true], [g(false, true)]).
+step(g(false, true), fact(5), [], []).
+step(bob(true, false, 1), rule(17), ['X' = true, 'Y' = false], [k(true, false)]).
+step(k(true, false), fact(8), [], []).
+step(\+ duplicate_sdc_path(1, 1, path(false, false, true)), absent, [], []).
+step(decodesAs(message(3), 3), rule(23), ['N' = 3, 'M' = 3], [sdcoding(3, 3)]).
+step(sdcoding(3, 3),
+     rule(22),
+     ['N' = 3, 'M' = 3, 'Proof' = path(false, false, false)],
+     [sdc_path(3, 3, path(false, false, false)),
+      \+ duplicate_sdc_path(3, 3, path(false, false, false))]).
+step(sdc_path(3, 3, path(false, false, false)),
+     rule(20),
+     ['N' = 3, 'M' = 3, 'X' = false, 'Y' = false, 'B' = false],
+     [r(false, false), alice(3, false, false), bob(false, false, 3)]).
+step(alice(3, false, false), rule(15), ['X' = false, 'Y' = false], [kg(false, false)]).
+step(kg(false, false),
+     rule(10),
+     ['X' = false, 'Y' = false, 'Z' = true],
+     [g(false, true), k(true, false)]).
+step(bob(false, false, 3), rule(19), ['X' = false, 'Y' = false], [identity(false, false)]).
+step(identity(false, false), fact(3), [], []).
+step(\+ duplicate_sdc_path(3, 3, path(false, false, false)), absent, [], []).
+step(decodesAs(message(0), 0), rule(23), ['N' = 0, 'M' = 0], [sdcoding(0, 0)]).
+step(sdcoding(0, 0),
+     rule(22),
+     ['N' = 0, 'M' = 0, 'Proof' = path(true, true, true)],
+     [sdc_path(0, 0, path(true, true, true)),
+      \+ duplicate_sdc_path(0, 0, path(true, true, true))]).
+step(sdc_path(0, 0, path(true, true, true)),
+     rule(20),
+     ['N' = 0, 'M' = 0, 'X' = true, 'Y' = true, 'B' = true],
+     [r(true, true), alice(0, true, true), bob(true, true, 0)]).
+step(r(true, true), fact(2), [], []).
+step(alice(0, true, true), rule(12), ['X' = true, 'Y' = true], [identity(true, true)]).
+step(identity(true, true), fact(4), [], []).
+step(bob(true, true, 0), rule(16), ['X' = true, 'Y' = true], [gk(true, true)]).
+step(gk(true, true),
+     rule(11),
+     ['X' = true, 'Y' = true, 'Z' = false],
+     [k(true, false), g(false, true)]).
+step(\+ duplicate_sdc_path(0, 0, path(true, true, true)), absent, [], []).
+step(decodesAs(message(2), 2), rule(23), ['N' = 2, 'M' = 2], [sdcoding(2, 2)]).
+step(sdcoding(2, 2),
+     rule(22),
+     ['N' = 2, 'M' = 2, 'Proof' = path(true, true, false)],
+     [sdc_path(2, 2, path(true, true, false)),
+      \+ duplicate_sdc_path(2, 2, path(true, true, false))]).
+step(sdc_path(2, 2, path(true, true, false)),
+     rule(20),
+     ['N' = 2, 'M' = 2, 'X' = true, 'Y' = true, 'B' = false],
+     [r(true, true), alice(2, true, false), bob(false, true, 2)]).
+step(alice(2, true, false), rule(14), ['X' = true, 'Y' = false], [k(true, false)]).
+step(bob(false, true, 2), rule(18), ['X' = false, 'Y' = true], [g(false, true)]).
+step(\+ duplicate_sdc_path(2, 2, path(true, true, false)), absent, [], []).
+step(preservesMessage(protocol, true),
+     rule(24),
+     [],
+     [sdcoding(0, 0), sdcoding(1, 1), sdcoding(2, 2), sdcoding(3, 3)]).
+step(cancelsCrossTalk(protocol, true),
+     rule(25),
+     [],
+     [\+ sdcoding(0, 1), \+ sdcoding(1, 0), \+ sdcoding(2, 3), \+ sdcoding(3, 2)]).
+step(\+ sdcoding(0, 1), absent, [], []).
+step(\+ sdcoding(1, 0), absent, [], []).
+step(\+ sdcoding(2, 3), absent, [], []).
+step(\+ sdcoding(3, 2), absent, [], []).