eyeling 1.6.1 → 1.6.2

package/examples/alignment-demo.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# alignment-demo.n3
+# Minimal alignment example (SKOS mappings + inferred roll-up to a reference concept)
+
+@prefix ex:   <http://example.org/> .
+@prefix ref:  <http://example.org/taxonomy/ref/> .
+@prefix tel:  <http://example.org/taxonomy/telraam/> .
+@prefix anpr: <http://example.org/taxonomy/anpr/> .
+
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+@prefix log:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#> .
+@prefix list: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#> .
+
+######################################################################
+# 1) Minimal concepts (3 schemes)
+######################################################################
+
+ref:Car a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Car (reference reporting class)"@en .
+
+tel:Car a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Telraam car"@en .
+tel:HeavyVehicle a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Telraam heavy vehicle"@en .
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "ANPR: vehicle with plate"@en .
+anpr:PassengerCar a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "ANPR: passenger car"@en ;
+  skos:broader anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+
+######################################################################
+# 2) Alignments (cross-scheme mappings)
+######################################################################
+
+# Telraam categories mapped to the reference reporting class
+tel:Car skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+
+# ANPR top concept mapped to reference reporting class
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+
+######################################################################
+# 3) Generic SKOS-ish rules needed for alignment reasoning
+######################################################################
+
+# Treat skos:broadMatch as a "broader-than" link for roll-up
+{ ?a skos:broadMatch ?b. } => { ?a skos:broader ?b. } .
+
+# Inverse broader/narrower
+{ ?n skos:broader ?b. } => { ?b skos:narrower ?n. } .
+
+# Transitive closure seeds
+{ ?n skos:broader ?b. } => { ?n skos:broaderTransitive ?b. } .
+{ ?n skos:narrower ?c. } => { ?n skos:narrowerTransitive ?c. } .
+
+# Transitivity
+{ ?a skos:broaderTransitive ?b. ?b skos:broaderTransitive ?c. } => { ?a skos:broaderTransitive ?c. } .
+{ ?a skos:narrowerTransitive ?b. ?b skos:narrowerTransitive ?c. } => { ?a skos:narrowerTransitive ?c. } .
+
+# Keep transitive props inverse too (handy for downstream rules)
+{ ?a skos:broaderTransitive ?b. } => { ?b skos:narrowerTransitive ?a. } .
+{ ?a skos:narrowerTransitive ?b. } => { ?b skos:broaderTransitive ?a. } .
+
+######################################################################
+# 4) One derived relation used by aggregation/queries:
+#    "datasetConcept is narrower-or-equal to referenceConcept"
+######################################################################
+
+# Reflexive
+{ ?c a skos:Concept. } => { ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?c. } .
+
+# Anything whose broaderTransitive reaches a concept contributes to that concept
+{ ?c skos:broaderTransitive ?b. } => { ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?b. } .
+
+######################################################################
+# 5) Tiny “demo output” rule: flag concepts that roll up to ref:Car
+######################################################################
+
+{ ?x ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car. } => { ?x ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car. } .
+
+######################################################################
+# Expected inferences (you should see these appear as derived facts):
+#
+# tel:Car ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# tel:HeavyVehicle ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# anpr:PassengerCar ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .   # via broader anpr:VehicleWithPlate + mapping
+######################################################################
+

package/examples/minimal-skos-alignment.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+# Minimal SKOS alignment + propagation example
+#
+# Goal:
+#   Show how a SKOS mapping (broadMatch) lets you treat dataset-
+#   specific categories as a reference category, and how that
+#   alignment propagates to more specific (narrower) categories.
+#
+# What should be inferred:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:treatedAs ref:Car .
+#   anpr:PassengerCar     ex:treatedAs ref:Car .
+#
+# Run (example):
+#   eyeling minimal-skos-alignment.n3
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@prefix ex:   <http://example.org/> .
+@prefix ref:  <http://example.org/ref/> .
+@prefix anpr: <http://example.org/anpr/> .
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+
+# --- Concepts (two schemes) ---
+ref:Car a skos:Concept .
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate a skos:Concept ;
+  skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+
+anpr:PassengerCar a skos:Concept ;
+  skos:broader anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+
+# --- Rules ---
+# Rule 1: interpret skos:broadMatch as "treat A as B" for reporting
+{ ?a skos:broadMatch ?b. } => { ?a ex:treatedAs ?b. } .
+
+# Rule 2: propagate that treatment down the SKOS hierarchy:
+# if X has broader concept Y, and Y is treatedAs Z, then X is treatedAs Z
+{ ?x skos:broader ?y. ?y ex:treatedAs ?z. } => { ?x ex:treatedAs ?z. } .
+

package/examples/output/alignment-demo.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+@prefix anpr: <http://example.org/taxonomy/anpr/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
+@prefix ref: <http://example.org/taxonomy/ref/> .
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+@prefix tel: <http://example.org/taxonomy/telraam/> .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:Car skos:broader ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:Car skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?a skos:broadMatch ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?a skos:broader ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?a = tel:Car
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:Car skos:broader ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broader ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?a skos:broadMatch ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?a skos:broader ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?a = tel:HeavyVehicle
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broader ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broader ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?a skos:broadMatch ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?a skos:broader ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?a = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broader ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:narrower anpr:PassengerCar .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broader anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?b skos:narrower ?n .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?n = anpr:PassengerCar
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:narrower anpr:PassengerCar .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrower tel:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:Car skos:broader ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?b skos:narrower ?n .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?n = tel:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car skos:narrower tel:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrower tel:HeavyVehicle .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broader ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?b skos:narrower ?n .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?n = tel:HeavyVehicle
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car skos:narrower tel:HeavyVehicle .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrower anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broader ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?b skos:narrower ?n .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?n = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car skos:narrower anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broaderTransitive anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broader anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?n = anpr:PassengerCar
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:PassengerCar skos:broaderTransitive anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:Car skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:Car skos:broader ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?n = tel:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:Car skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broader ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?n = tel:HeavyVehicle
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broader ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:broader ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?n = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:PassengerCar .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:narrower anpr:PassengerCar .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:narrower ?c .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:narrowerTransitive ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = anpr:PassengerCar
+#   ?n = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:PassengerCar .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive tel:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrower tel:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:narrower ?c .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:narrowerTransitive ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = tel:Car
+#   ?n = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive tel:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive tel:HeavyVehicle .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrower tel:HeavyVehicle .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:narrower ?c .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:narrowerTransitive ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = tel:HeavyVehicle
+#   ?n = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive tel:HeavyVehicle .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrower anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?n skos:narrower ?c .
+#   } => {
+#     ?n skos:narrowerTransitive ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?n = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broaderTransitive anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?a skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#     ?b skos:broaderTransitive ?c .
+#   } => {
+#     ?a skos:broaderTransitive ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?a = anpr:PassengerCar
+#   ?b = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?c = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:PassengerCar skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:PassengerCar .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:PassengerCar .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?a skos:narrowerTransitive ?b .
+#     ?b skos:narrowerTransitive ?c .
+#   } => {
+#     ?a skos:narrowerTransitive ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?a = ref:Car
+#   ?b = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?c = anpr:PassengerCar
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car skos:narrowerTransitive anpr:PassengerCar .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   ref:Car a skos:Concept .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c a skos:Concept .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf tel:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:Car a skos:Concept .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c a skos:Concept .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = tel:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf tel:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle ex:narrowerOrEqualOf tel:HeavyVehicle .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle a skos:Concept .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c a skos:Concept .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = tel:HeavyVehicle
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:HeavyVehicle ex:narrowerOrEqualOf tel:HeavyVehicle .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:narrowerOrEqualOf anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate a skos:Concept .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c a skos:Concept .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:narrowerOrEqualOf anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar ex:narrowerOrEqualOf anpr:PassengerCar .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar a skos:Concept .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c a skos:Concept .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?c .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?c = anpr:PassengerCar
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:PassengerCar ex:narrowerOrEqualOf anpr:PassengerCar .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar ex:narrowerOrEqualOf anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broaderTransitive anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?c = anpr:PassengerCar
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:PassengerCar ex:narrowerOrEqualOf anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:Car skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?c = tel:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?c = tel:HeavyVehicle
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:HeavyVehicle ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?c = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broaderTransitive ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?c skos:broaderTransitive ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?c ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+#   ?c = anpr:PassengerCar
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:PassengerCar ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   ref:Car ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   ref:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?x ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+#   } => {
+#     ?x ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?x = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ref:Car ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:Car ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:Car ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?x ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+#   } => {
+#     ?x ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?x = tel:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:Car ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   tel:HeavyVehicle ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?x ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+#   } => {
+#     ?x ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?x = tel:HeavyVehicle
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tel:HeavyVehicle ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?x ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+#   } => {
+#     ?x ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?x = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?x ex:narrowerOrEqualOf ref:Car .
+#   } => {
+#     ?x ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?x = anpr:PassengerCar
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:PassengerCar ex:rollsUpTo ref:Car .
+

package/examples/output/minimal-skos-alignment.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+@prefix anpr: <http://example.org/anpr/> .
+@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
+@prefix ref: <http://example.org/ref/> .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:treatedAs ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate skos:broadMatch ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?a skos:broadMatch ?b .
+#   } => {
+#     ?a ex:treatedAs ?b .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?a = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?b = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:treatedAs ref:Car .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar ex:treatedAs ref:Car .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   anpr:PassengerCar skos:broader anpr:VehicleWithPlate .
+#   anpr:VehicleWithPlate ex:treatedAs ref:Car .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?x skos:broader ?y .
+#     ?y ex:treatedAs ?z .
+#   } => {
+#     ?x ex:treatedAs ?z .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?x = anpr:PassengerCar
+#   ?y = anpr:VehicleWithPlate
+#   ?z = ref:Car
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+anpr:PassengerCar ex:treatedAs ref:Car .
+

package/eyeling.js

@@ -499,6 +499,25 @@ function lex(inputText) {
         }
         break;
       }
+
+      // Optional exponent part: e.g., 1e0, 1.1e-3, 1.1E+0
+      if (i < n && (chars[i] === 'e' || chars[i] === 'E')) {
+        let j = i + 1;
+        if (j < n && (chars[j] === '+' || chars[j] === '-')) j++;
+        if (j < n && /[0-9]/.test(chars[j])) {
+          numChars.push(chars[i]); // e/E
+          i++;
+          if (i < n && (chars[i] === '+' || chars[i] === '-')) {
+            numChars.push(chars[i]);
+            i++;
+          }
+          while (i < n && /[0-9]/.test(chars[i])) {
+            numChars.push(chars[i]);
+            i++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
       tokens.push(new Token('Literal', numChars.join('')));
       continue;
     }
@@ -1863,6 +1882,22 @@ function unifyTerm(a, b, subst) {
   if (a instanceof Literal && b instanceof Literal && a.value === b.value) return { ...subst };
   if (a instanceof Blank && b instanceof Blank && a.label === b.label) return { ...subst };
 
+  // Numeric-value match for literals (EYE-style): allow different lexical forms / typing
+  // e.g. "1.1"^^xsd:double  ≈  1.1e0
+  if (a instanceof Literal && b instanceof Literal) {
+    const av = parseNumberLiteral(a); // BigInt | Number | null
+    const bv = parseNumberLiteral(b);
+    if (av !== null && bv !== null) {
+      if (typeof av === 'bigint' && typeof bv === 'bigint') {
+        if (av === bv) return { ...subst };
+      } else {
+        const an = typeof av === 'bigint' ? Number(av) : av;
+        const bn = typeof bv === 'bigint' ? Number(bv) : bv;
+        if (!Number.isNaN(an) && !Number.isNaN(bn) && an === bn) return { ...subst };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   // Open list vs concrete list
   if (a instanceof OpenListTerm && b instanceof ListTerm) {
     return unifyOpenWithList(a.prefix, a.tailVar, b.elems, subst);

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "eyeling",
-  "version": "1.6.1",
+  "version": "1.6.2",
   "description": "A minimal Notation3 (N3) reasoner in JavaScript.",
   "main": "./index.js",
   "keywords": [