eyeling 1.5.20 → 1.5.22

package/examples/gps.n3

@@ -7,45 +7,43 @@
 
 @prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
 @prefix list: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#>.
-@prefix gps: <https://eyereasoner.github.io/eye/reasoning/gps/gps-schema#>.
-@prefix : <https://eyereasoner.github.io/eye/reasoning#>.
-
-# ---------------------
-# Data (a small sample)
-# ---------------------
+@prefix gps:  <https://eyereasoner.github.io/eye/reasoning/gps/gps-schema#>.
+@prefix :     <https://eyereasoner.github.io/eye/reasoning#>.
 
 # current state
 :i1 :location :Gent.
 
-# map of Belgium
-(:Gent :Brugge   :drive_gent_brugge     1500.0 0.006 0.96 0.99) :edge true .
-(:Gent :Kortrijk :drive_gent_kortrijk   1600.0 0.007 0.96 0.99) :edge true .
-(:Kortrijk :Brugge :drive_kortrijk_brugge 1600.0 0.007 0.96 0.99) :edge true .
-(:Brugge :Oostende :drive_brugge_oostende  900.0 0.004 0.98 1.0) :edge true .
+# -------------------------------------------------
+# map of Belgium (as backward rules / descriptions)
+# -------------------------------------------------
+{:map-BE gps:description ({?S :location :Gent}     true {?S :location :Brugge}   :drive_gent_brugge      1500.0 0.006 0.96 0.99)} <= true.
+{:map-BE gps:description ({?S :location :Gent}     true {?S :location :Kortrijk} :drive_gent_kortrijk    1600.0 0.007 0.96 0.99)} <= true.
+{:map-BE gps:description ({?S :location :Kortrijk} true {?S :location :Brugge}   :drive_kortrijk_brugge  1600.0 0.007 0.96 0.99)} <= true.
+{:map-BE gps:description ({?S :location :Brugge}   true {?S :location :Oostende} :drive_brugge_oostende   900.0 0.004 0.98 1.0 )} <= true.
 
-# ----------------
-# Path computation
-# ----------------
+# -----------------------------
+# Compute all paths by chaining
+# -----------------------------
 
-# Base: one edge is a path
+# Base: a single map description is a path
 {
   (?From ?To (?Act) ?Dur ?Cost ?Belief ?Comfort) :path true.
 }
 <=
 {
-  (?From ?To ?Act ?Dur ?Cost ?Belief ?Comfort) :edge true.
+  :map-BE gps:description (?From true ?To ?Act ?Dur ?Cost ?Belief ?Comfort).
 }.
 
-# Recursive: edge + path => path, aggregate weights, concatenate action list
+# Recursive: chain one step + rest path, and aggregate weights
 {
-  (?From ?To ?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Belief ?Comfort) :path true.
+  (?From ?To ?Actions ?Dur ?Cost ?Belief ?Comfort) :path true.
 }
 <=
 {
-  (?From ?Mid ?Act ?Dur1 ?Cost1 ?Bel1 ?Comf1) :edge true.
+  :map-BE gps:description (?From true ?Mid ?Act ?Dur1 ?Cost1 ?Bel1 ?Comf1).
   (?Mid ?To ?RestActs ?Dur2 ?Cost2 ?Bel2 ?Comf2) :path true.
 
-  ((?Act) ?RestActs) list:append ?Acts.
+  ((?Act) ?RestActs) list:append ?Actions.
 
   (?Dur1  ?Dur2)  math:sum     ?Dur.
   (?Cost1 ?Cost2) math:sum     ?Cost.
@@ -53,13 +51,12 @@
   (?Comf1 ?Comf2) math:product ?Comfort.
 }.
 
-# -------------------------
-# Query: only paths to goal
-# -------------------------
-
+# ------------------------------------------------------
+# "Query": derive gps:path facts for i1, goal = Oostende
+# ------------------------------------------------------
 {
-  :i1 :location ?Start.
-  (?Start :Oostende ?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) :path true.
+  :i1 :location :Gent.
+  ({:i1 :location :Gent} {:i1 :location :Oostende} ?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) :path true.
 }
 =>
 {

package/examples/light-eaters.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# ------------
+# Light eaters
+# ------------
+
+@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
+@prefix :     <http://example.org/light-eaters#>.
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+# Plants as "light eaters":
+# convert daily light exposure into stored energy (photosynthesis),
+# then decide whether they thrive or go hungry under their conditions.
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# One day with a fixed amount of usable light (hours)
+:Today :lightHours 10.0.
+
+# Two habitats with different light intensities (arbitrary units/hour)
+:Meadow :lightIntensity 100.0.
+:Forest :lightIntensity 20.0.
+
+# Organisms
+:Sunflower a :Plant;  :location :Meadow; :chlorophyll true;  :efficiency 0.25; :maintenance 150.0.
+:Fern      a :Plant;  :location :Forest; :chlorophyll true;  :efficiency 0.25; :maintenance 150.0.
+:Mushroom  a :Fungus; :location :Forest; :chlorophyll false; :maintenance 150.0.
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+# Rules
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# (1) Daily light energy available at each place:
+#     E_place = lightIntensity * lightHours
+{
+  :Today :lightHours ?H.
+  ?Place :lightIntensity ?I.
+  (?I ?H) math:product ?E.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?Place :dailyLightEnergy ?E.
+}.
+
+# (2) Stored energy for each plant:
+#     stored = E_place * efficiency
+{
+  ?Plant a :Plant.
+  ?Plant :location ?Place.
+  ?Place :dailyLightEnergy ?E.
+  ?Plant :efficiency ?Eff.
+  (?E ?Eff) math:product ?Stored.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored.
+}.
+
+# (3) Net energy after maintenance:
+#     net = stored - maintenance
+{
+  ?Org :storedEnergy ?Stored.
+  ?Org :maintenance ?Maint.
+  (?Stored ?Maint) math:difference ?Net.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?Org :netEnergy ?Net.
+}.
+
+# (4) "Light eater" (photosynthesizer) classification:
+#     must be a Plant, must have chlorophyll, and must have positive stored energy
+{
+  ?Plant a :Plant.
+  ?Plant :chlorophyll true.
+  ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored.
+  (?Stored 0.0) math:greaterThan true.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?Plant :canPhotosynthesize true.
+  ?Plant :lightEater true.
+}.
+
+# Non-photosynthesizers (example: fungi)
+{
+  ?X a :Fungus.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?X :lightEater false.
+}.
+
+# (5) Outcome: thriving vs hungry, based on netEnergy
+{
+  ?Org :netEnergy ?Net.
+  (?Net 0.0) math:greaterThan true.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?Org :thriving true.
+}.
+
+{
+  ?Org :netEnergy ?Net.
+  (?Net 0.0) math:notGreaterThan true.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?Org :hungry true.
+}.
+

package/examples/odrl-trust.n3

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # ODRL trust
 # ----------
 
-
 @prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
 @prefix odrl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/>.
 @prefix dct:  <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@@ -11,21 +10,23 @@
 # ------------------
 # Trust model (0..1)
 # ------------------
+
 :Gov        :trust 0.95.
 :Partner    :trust 0.70.
 :RandomBlog :trust 0.30.
 
-# --------------------------
+# ---------------------------
 # A request we want to decide
-# --------------------------
+# ---------------------------
+
 :req1 a :Request;
   odrl:assignee :Alice;
   odrl:target   :Doc1;
   odrl:action   odrl:read.
 
-# --------------------------
+# -------------
 # ODRL Policies
-# --------------------------
+# -------------
 
 # High-trust permission from Gov (trusted enough)
 :PolGov a odrl:Policy;
@@ -75,9 +76,9 @@
   odrl:operator    odrl:gteq;
   odrl:rightOperand 0.50.
 
-# ------------------------------------------------------------
+# --------------------------------
 # Minimal "ODRL + trust" evaluator
-# ------------------------------------------------------------
+# --------------------------------
 
 # Candidate PERMIT for a request, scored by issuer trust, only if trust >= minTrust
 {

package/examples/output/gps.n3

@@ -6,11 +6,19 @@
 #   :i1 gps:path ((:drive_gent_kortrijk :drive_kortrijk_brugge :drive_brugge_oostende) 4100 0.018 0.903168 0.9801) .
 # It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
 #   :i1 :location :Gent .
-#   (:Gent :Oostende (:drive_gent_kortrijk :drive_kortrijk_brugge :drive_brugge_oostende) 4100 0.018 0.903168 0.9801) :path true .
+#   ({
+#       :i1 :location :Gent .
+#   } {
+#       :i1 :location :Oostende .
+#   } (:drive_gent_kortrijk :drive_kortrijk_brugge :drive_brugge_oostende) 4100 0.018 0.903168 0.9801) :path true .
 # via the schematic forward rule:
 #   {
-#     :i1 :location ?Start .
-#     (?Start :Oostende ?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) :path true .
+#     :i1 :location :Gent .
+#     ({
+#         :i1 :location :Gent .
+#     } {
+#         :i1 :location :Oostende .
+#     } ?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) :path true .
 #   } => {
 #     :i1 gps:path (?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) .
 #   } .
@@ -20,7 +28,6 @@
 #   ?Comf = 0.9801
 #   ?Cost = 0.018
 #   ?Dur = 4100
-#   ?Start = :Gent
 # Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -31,11 +38,19 @@
 #   :i1 gps:path ((:drive_gent_brugge :drive_brugge_oostende) 2400 0.01 0.9408 0.99) .
 # It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
 #   :i1 :location :Gent .
-#   (:Gent :Oostende (:drive_gent_brugge :drive_brugge_oostende) 2400 0.01 0.9408 0.99) :path true .
+#   ({
+#       :i1 :location :Gent .
+#   } {
+#       :i1 :location :Oostende .
+#   } (:drive_gent_brugge :drive_brugge_oostende) 2400 0.01 0.9408 0.99) :path true .
 # via the schematic forward rule:
 #   {
-#     :i1 :location ?Start .
-#     (?Start :Oostende ?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) :path true .
+#     :i1 :location :Gent .
+#     ({
+#         :i1 :location :Gent .
+#     } {
+#         :i1 :location :Oostende .
+#     } ?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) :path true .
 #   } => {
 #     :i1 gps:path (?Acts ?Dur ?Cost ?Bel ?Comf) .
 #   } .
@@ -45,7 +60,6 @@
 #   ?Comf = 0.99
 #   ?Cost = 0.01
 #   ?Dur = 2400
-#   ?Start = :Gent
 # Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 

package/examples/output/light-eaters.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+@prefix : <http://example.org/light-eaters#> .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Forest :dailyLightEnergy 200 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Today :lightHours 10.0 .
+#   :Forest :lightIntensity 20.0 .
+#   (20.0 10.0) math:product 200 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     :Today :lightHours ?H .
+#     ?Place :lightIntensity ?I .
+#     (?I ?H) math:product ?E .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Place :dailyLightEnergy ?E .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?E = 200
+#   ?H = 10.0
+#   ?I = 20.0
+#   ?Place = :Forest
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Forest :dailyLightEnergy 200 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Meadow :dailyLightEnergy 1000 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Today :lightHours 10.0 .
+#   :Meadow :lightIntensity 100.0 .
+#   (100.0 10.0) math:product 1000 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     :Today :lightHours ?H .
+#     ?Place :lightIntensity ?I .
+#     (?I ?H) math:product ?E .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Place :dailyLightEnergy ?E .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?E = 1000
+#   ?H = 10.0
+#   ?I = 100.0
+#   ?Place = :Meadow
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Meadow :dailyLightEnergy 1000 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :storedEnergy 50 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern a :Plant .
+#   :Fern :location :Forest .
+#   :Forest :dailyLightEnergy 200 .
+#   :Fern :efficiency 0.25 .
+#   (200 0.25) math:product 50 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Plant a :Plant .
+#     ?Plant :location ?Place .
+#     ?Place :dailyLightEnergy ?E .
+#     ?Plant :efficiency ?Eff .
+#     (?E ?Eff) math:product ?Stored .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?E = 200
+#   ?Eff = 0.25
+#   ?Place = :Forest
+#   ?Plant = :Fern
+#   ?Stored = 50
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :storedEnergy 50 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :storedEnergy 250 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower a :Plant .
+#   :Sunflower :location :Meadow .
+#   :Meadow :dailyLightEnergy 1000 .
+#   :Sunflower :efficiency 0.25 .
+#   (1000 0.25) math:product 250 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Plant a :Plant .
+#     ?Plant :location ?Place .
+#     ?Place :dailyLightEnergy ?E .
+#     ?Plant :efficiency ?Eff .
+#     (?E ?Eff) math:product ?Stored .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?E = 1000
+#   ?Eff = 0.25
+#   ?Place = :Meadow
+#   ?Plant = :Sunflower
+#   ?Stored = 250
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :storedEnergy 250 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :netEnergy 100 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower :storedEnergy 250 .
+#   :Sunflower :maintenance 150.0 .
+#   (250 150.0) math:difference 100 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Org :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#     ?Org :maintenance ?Maint .
+#     (?Stored ?Maint) math:difference ?Net .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Org :netEnergy ?Net .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Maint = 150.0
+#   ?Net = 100
+#   ?Org = :Sunflower
+#   ?Stored = 250
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :netEnergy 100 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :netEnergy -100 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern :storedEnergy 50 .
+#   :Fern :maintenance 150.0 .
+#   (50 150.0) math:difference -100 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Org :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#     ?Org :maintenance ?Maint .
+#     (?Stored ?Maint) math:difference ?Net .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Org :netEnergy ?Net .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Maint = 150.0
+#   ?Net = -100
+#   ?Org = :Fern
+#   ?Stored = 50
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :netEnergy -100 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :canPhotosynthesize true .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern a :Plant .
+#   :Fern :chlorophyll true .
+#   :Fern :storedEnergy 50 .
+#   (50 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Plant a :Plant .
+#     ?Plant :chlorophyll true .
+#     ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#     (?Stored 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Plant :canPhotosynthesize true .
+#     ?Plant :lightEater true .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Plant = :Fern
+#   ?Stored = 50
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :canPhotosynthesize true .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :lightEater true .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern a :Plant .
+#   :Fern :chlorophyll true .
+#   :Fern :storedEnergy 50 .
+#   (50 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Plant a :Plant .
+#     ?Plant :chlorophyll true .
+#     ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#     (?Stored 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Plant :canPhotosynthesize true .
+#     ?Plant :lightEater true .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Plant = :Fern
+#   ?Stored = 50
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :lightEater true .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :canPhotosynthesize true .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower a :Plant .
+#   :Sunflower :chlorophyll true .
+#   :Sunflower :storedEnergy 250 .
+#   (250 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Plant a :Plant .
+#     ?Plant :chlorophyll true .
+#     ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#     (?Stored 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Plant :canPhotosynthesize true .
+#     ?Plant :lightEater true .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Plant = :Sunflower
+#   ?Stored = 250
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :canPhotosynthesize true .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :lightEater true .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower a :Plant .
+#   :Sunflower :chlorophyll true .
+#   :Sunflower :storedEnergy 250 .
+#   (250 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Plant a :Plant .
+#     ?Plant :chlorophyll true .
+#     ?Plant :storedEnergy ?Stored .
+#     (?Stored 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Plant :canPhotosynthesize true .
+#     ?Plant :lightEater true .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Plant = :Sunflower
+#   ?Stored = 250
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :lightEater true .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Mushroom :lightEater false .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Mushroom a :Fungus .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?X a :Fungus .
+#   } => {
+#     ?X :lightEater false .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?X = :Mushroom
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Mushroom :lightEater false .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :thriving true .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower :netEnergy 100 .
+#   (100 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Org :netEnergy ?Net .
+#     (?Net 0.0) math:greaterThan true .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Org :thriving true .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Net = 100
+#   ?Org = :Sunflower
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :thriving true .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :hungry true .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern :netEnergy -100 .
+#   (-100 0.0) math:notGreaterThan true .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Org :netEnergy ?Net .
+#     (?Net 0.0) math:notGreaterThan true .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Org :hungry true .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Net = -100
+#   ?Org = :Fern
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :hungry true .
+

package/examples/output/spectral-week.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+@prefix : <http://example.org/spectral-week#> .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Shade :redEnergy 180 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Shade :redIntensity 60.0 .
+#   :Shade :redHours 3.0 .
+#   (60.0 3.0) math:product 180 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Loc :redIntensity ?RI .
+#     ?Loc :redHours ?RH .
+#     (?RI ?RH) math:product ?Ered .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Loc :redEnergy ?Ered .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Ered = 180
+#   ?Loc = :Shade
+#   ?RH = 3.0
+#   ?RI = 60.0
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Shade :redEnergy 180 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Greenhouse :redEnergy 960 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Greenhouse :redIntensity 120.0 .
+#   :Greenhouse :redHours 8.0 .
+#   (120.0 8.0) math:product 960 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Loc :redIntensity ?RI .
+#     ?Loc :redHours ?RH .
+#     (?RI ?RH) math:product ?Ered .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Loc :redEnergy ?Ered .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Ered = 960
+#   ?Loc = :Greenhouse
+#   ?RH = 8.0
+#   ?RI = 120.0
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Greenhouse :redEnergy 960 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Shade :blueEnergy 80 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Shade :blueIntensity 80.0 .
+#   :Shade :blueHours 1.0 .
+#   (80.0 1.0) math:product 80 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Loc :blueIntensity ?BI .
+#     ?Loc :blueHours ?BH .
+#     (?BI ?BH) math:product ?Eblue .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Loc :blueEnergy ?Eblue .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?BH = 1.0
+#   ?BI = 80.0
+#   ?Eblue = 80
+#   ?Loc = :Shade
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Shade :blueEnergy 80 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Greenhouse :blueEnergy 400 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Greenhouse :blueIntensity 200.0 .
+#   :Greenhouse :blueHours 2.0 .
+#   (200.0 2.0) math:product 400 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?Loc :blueIntensity ?BI .
+#     ?Loc :blueHours ?BH .
+#     (?BI ?BH) math:product ?Eblue .
+#   } => {
+#     ?Loc :blueEnergy ?Eblue .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?BH = 2.0
+#   ?BI = 200.0
+#   ?Eblue = 400
+#   ?Loc = :Greenhouse
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Greenhouse :blueEnergy 400 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :absorbedRed 72 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern a :Plant .
+#   :Fern :location :Shade .
+#   :Fern :absorbRed 0.40 .
+#   :Shade :redEnergy 180 .
+#   (180 0.40) math:product 72 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P a :Plant .
+#     ?P :location ?Loc .
+#     ?P :absorbRed ?AR .
+#     ?Loc :redEnergy ?Ered .
+#     (?Ered ?AR) math:product ?Ared .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :absorbedRed ?Ared .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?AR = 0.40
+#   ?Ared = 72
+#   ?Ered = 180
+#   ?Loc = :Shade
+#   ?P = :Fern
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :absorbedRed 72 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :absorbedRed 816 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower a :Plant .
+#   :Sunflower :location :Greenhouse .
+#   :Sunflower :absorbRed 0.85 .
+#   :Greenhouse :redEnergy 960 .
+#   (960 0.85) math:product 816 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P a :Plant .
+#     ?P :location ?Loc .
+#     ?P :absorbRed ?AR .
+#     ?Loc :redEnergy ?Ered .
+#     (?Ered ?AR) math:product ?Ared .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :absorbedRed ?Ared .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?AR = 0.85
+#   ?Ared = 816
+#   ?Ered = 960
+#   ?Loc = :Greenhouse
+#   ?P = :Sunflower
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :absorbedRed 816 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :absorbedBlue 60 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern a :Plant .
+#   :Fern :location :Shade .
+#   :Fern :absorbBlue 0.75 .
+#   :Shade :blueEnergy 80 .
+#   (80 0.75) math:product 60 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P a :Plant .
+#     ?P :location ?Loc .
+#     ?P :absorbBlue ?AB .
+#     ?Loc :blueEnergy ?Eblue .
+#     (?Eblue ?AB) math:product ?Ablue .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :absorbedBlue ?Ablue .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?AB = 0.75
+#   ?Ablue = 60
+#   ?Eblue = 80
+#   ?Loc = :Shade
+#   ?P = :Fern
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :absorbedBlue 60 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :absorbedBlue 220.00000000000003 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower a :Plant .
+#   :Sunflower :location :Greenhouse .
+#   :Sunflower :absorbBlue 0.55 .
+#   :Greenhouse :blueEnergy 400 .
+#   (400 0.55) math:product 220.00000000000003 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P a :Plant .
+#     ?P :location ?Loc .
+#     ?P :absorbBlue ?AB .
+#     ?Loc :blueEnergy ?Eblue .
+#     (?Eblue ?AB) math:product ?Ablue .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :absorbedBlue ?Ablue .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?AB = 0.55
+#   ?Ablue = 220.00000000000003
+#   ?Eblue = 400
+#   ?Loc = :Greenhouse
+#   ?P = :Sunflower
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :absorbedBlue 220.00000000000003 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :absorbedEnergy 1036 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower :absorbedRed 816 .
+#   :Sunflower :absorbedBlue 220.00000000000003 .
+#   (816 220.00000000000003) math:sum 1036 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P :absorbedRed ?Ared .
+#     ?P :absorbedBlue ?Ablue .
+#     (?Ared ?Ablue) math:sum ?Abs .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :absorbedEnergy ?Abs .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Ablue = 220.00000000000003
+#   ?Abs = 1036
+#   ?Ared = 816
+#   ?P = :Sunflower
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :absorbedEnergy 1036 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :absorbedEnergy 132 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern :absorbedRed 72 .
+#   :Fern :absorbedBlue 60 .
+#   (72 60) math:sum 132 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P :absorbedRed ?Ared .
+#     ?P :absorbedBlue ?Ablue .
+#     (?Ared ?Ablue) math:sum ?Abs .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :absorbedEnergy ?Abs .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Ablue = 60
+#   ?Abs = 132
+#   ?Ared = 72
+#   ?P = :Fern
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :absorbedEnergy 132 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :dailyStored 33 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern :absorbedEnergy 132 .
+#   :Fern :conversion 0.25 .
+#   (132 0.25) math:product 33 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P :absorbedEnergy ?Abs .
+#     ?P :conversion ?C .
+#     (?Abs ?C) math:product ?Stored .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :dailyStored ?Stored .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Abs = 132
+#   ?C = 0.25
+#   ?P = :Fern
+#   ?Stored = 33
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :dailyStored 33 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :dailyStored 259 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower :absorbedEnergy 1036 .
+#   :Sunflower :conversion 0.25 .
+#   (1036 0.25) math:product 259 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P :absorbedEnergy ?Abs .
+#     ?P :conversion ?C .
+#     (?Abs ?C) math:product ?Stored .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :dailyStored ?Stored .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?Abs = 1036
+#   ?C = 0.25
+#   ?P = :Sunflower
+#   ?Stored = 259
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :dailyStored 259 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Sunflower :weeklyStored 1813 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Sunflower :dailyStored 259 .
+#   (259 7) math:product 1813 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P :dailyStored ?D .
+#     (?D 7) math:product ?W .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :weeklyStored ?W .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?D = 259
+#   ?P = :Sunflower
+#   ?W = 1813
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Sunflower :weeklyStored 1813 .
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Proof for derived triple:
+#   :Fern :weeklyStored 231 .
+# It holds because the following instance of the rule body is provable:
+#   :Fern :dailyStored 33 .
+#   (33 7) math:product 231 .
+# via the schematic forward rule:
+#   {
+#     ?P :dailyStored ?D .
+#     (?D 7) math:product ?W .
+#   } => {
+#     ?P :weeklyStored ?W .
+#   } .
+# with substitution (on rule variables):
+#   ?D = 33
+#   ?P = :Fern
+#   ?W = 231
+# Therefore the derived triple above is entailed by the rules and facts.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+:Fern :weeklyStored 231 .
+

package/examples/spectral-week.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# -------------
+# Spectral week
+# -------------
+
+@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
+@prefix list: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#>.
+@prefix :     <http://example.org/spectral-week#>.
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+# Spectral light intake (red + blue) and weekly energy storage
+# ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Locations: daily hours of red/blue light, and intensity per hour.
+:Greenhouse :redHours 8.0;  :blueHours 2.0;
+            :redIntensity  120.0;
+            :blueIntensity 200.0.
+
+:Shade :redHours 3.0; :blueHours 1.0;
+       :redIntensity  60.0;
+       :blueIntensity 80.0.
+
+# Plants with wavelength-dependent absorption + conversion efficiency.
+# absorption is in [0..1], conversion efficiency in [0..1].
+:Sunflower a :Plant; :location :Greenhouse;
+  :absorbRed 0.85; :absorbBlue 0.55; :conversion 0.25.
+
+:Fern a :Plant; :location :Shade;
+  :absorbRed 0.40; :absorbBlue 0.75; :conversion 0.25.
+
+# ------------------------------------
+# Compute per-location spectral energy
+#   Ered  = redIntensity  * redHours
+#   Eblue = blueIntensity * blueHours
+# ------------------------------------
+
+{
+  ?Loc :redIntensity ?RI; :redHours ?RH.
+  (?RI ?RH) math:product ?Ered.
+}
+=>
+{ ?Loc :redEnergy ?Ered. }.
+
+{
+  ?Loc :blueIntensity ?BI; :blueHours ?BH.
+  (?BI ?BH) math:product ?Eblue.
+}
+=>
+{ ?Loc :blueEnergy ?Eblue. }.
+
+# -------------------------------------------
+# Daily absorbed energy by plant
+#   Ared  = Loc.redEnergy  * Plant.absorbRed
+#   Ablue = Loc.blueEnergy * Plant.absorbBlue
+#   absorbed = Ared + Ablue
+# -------------------------------------------
+
+{
+  ?P a :Plant; :location ?Loc; :absorbRed ?AR.
+  ?Loc :redEnergy ?Ered.
+  (?Ered ?AR) math:product ?Ared.
+}
+=>
+{ ?P :absorbedRed ?Ared. }.
+
+{
+  ?P a :Plant; :location ?Loc; :absorbBlue ?AB.
+  ?Loc :blueEnergy ?Eblue.
+  (?Eblue ?AB) math:product ?Ablue.
+}
+=>
+{ ?P :absorbedBlue ?Ablue. }.
+
+{
+  ?P :absorbedRed ?Ared.
+  ?P :absorbedBlue ?Ablue.
+  (?Ared ?Ablue) math:sum ?Abs.
+}
+=>
+{ ?P :absorbedEnergy ?Abs. }.
+
+# -------------------------------------------------
+# Daily stored energy = absorbedEnergy * conversion
+# -------------------------------------------------
+
+{
+  ?P :absorbedEnergy ?Abs; :conversion ?C.
+  (?Abs ?C) math:product ?Stored.
+}
+=>
+{ ?P :dailyStored ?Stored. }.
+
+# ------------------------------------
+# Weekly stored energy = dailyStored*7
+# ------------------------------------
+
+{
+  ?P :dailyStored ?D.
+  (?D 7) math:product ?W.
+}
+=>
+{
+  ?P :weeklyStored ?W.
+}.
+

package/eyeling.js

@@ -1463,6 +1463,40 @@ function unifyOpenWithList(prefix, tailv, ys, subst) {
   return s2;
 }
 
+function unifyFormulaTriples(xs, ys, subst) {
+  if (xs.length !== ys.length) return null;
+
+  // Fast path: exact same sequence.
+  if (triplesListEqual(xs, ys)) return { ...subst };
+
+  // Backtracking match (order-insensitive), *threading* the substitution through.
+  const used = new Array(ys.length).fill(false);
+
+  function step(i, s) {
+    if (i >= xs.length) return s;
+    const x = xs[i];
+
+    for (let j = 0; j < ys.length; j++) {
+      if (used[j]) continue;
+      const y = ys[j];
+
+      // Cheap pruning when both predicates are IRIs.
+      if (x.p instanceof Iri && y.p instanceof Iri && x.p.value !== y.p.value) continue;
+
+      const s2 = unifyTriple(x, y, s);   // IMPORTANT: use `s`, not {}
+      if (s2 === null) continue;
+
+      used[j] = true;
+      const s3 = step(i + 1, s2);
+      if (s3 !== null) return s3;
+      used[j] = false;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return step(0, { ...subst }); // IMPORTANT: start from the incoming subst
+}
+
 function unifyTerm(a, b, subst) {
   a = applySubstTerm(a, subst);
   b = applySubstTerm(b, subst);
@@ -1521,11 +1555,10 @@ function unifyTerm(a, b, subst) {
     return s2;
   }
 
-  // Formulas are treated as opaque unless exactly equal
+  // Formulas: unify their internal triple sets (order-insensitive)
   if (a instanceof FormulaTerm && b instanceof FormulaTerm) {
-    if (triplesListEqual(a.triples, b.triples)) return { ...subst };
+    return unifyFormulaTriples(a.triples, b.triples, subst);
   }
-
   return null;
 }
 

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "eyeling",
-  "version": "1.5.20",
+  "version": "1.5.22",
   "description": "A minimal Notation3 (N3) reasoner in JavaScript.",
   "main": "./index.js",
   "keywords": [