eyeling 1.32.0 → 1.33.0

package/lib/eyelang/builtins/n3.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+// Practical Notation3/SWAP builtin bridge for RDF/N3 compatibility input.
+// RDF parser lowers body triples with math:, string:, list:, crypto:, time:, and
+// selected log: predicates to n3_* eyelang builtins.  The handlers work on the
+// explicit RDF term representation from src/rdf.js.
+import { hashHex } from '../hash.mjs';
+import { compareLexicalOrNumeric } from './arithmetic.mjs';
+import { deref, isDecimalInteger, listFromItems, parseFiniteNumber, properListItems, termToString, unify } from '../term.mjs';
+import { RDF_DIR_LANG_STRING, RDF_LANG_STRING, XSD_BOOLEAN, XSD_DECIMAL, XSD_DOUBLE, XSD_INTEGER, XSD_STRING, rdfIri, rdfLiteral } from '../rdf.mjs';
+
+const XSD_NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#';
+const XSD_DATE_TIME = `${XSD_NS}dateTime`;
+const XSD_DATE_ONLY = `${XSD_NS}date`;
+const XSD_DURATION = `${XSD_NS}duration`;
+const RDF_NS = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#';
+const LOG_NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#';
+const RDF_LIST = `${RDF_NS}List`;
+
+export const n3Builtins = {
+  register(registry) {
+    const deterministic = { deterministic: true };
+
+    for (const [name, op] of Object.entries({
+      greaterThan: 'gt', lessThan: 'lt', notLessThan: 'ge', notGreaterThan: 'le', equalTo: 'eq', notEqualTo: 'ne',
+    })) registry.add(`n3_math_${name}`, 2, mathCompare(op), deterministic);
+
+    for (const [name, fn] of Object.entries({
+      sum: mathFold(0, (a, b) => a + b, (a, b) => a + b),
+      product: mathFold(1, (a, b) => a * b, (a, b) => a * b),
+      difference: mathBinary((a, b) => a - b, false, (a, b) => a - b),
+      quotient: mathBinary((a, b) => b === 0 ? null : a / b),
+      integerQuotient: mathBinary((a, b) => b === 0 ? null : Math.trunc(a / b), true, (a, b) => b === 0n ? null : a / b),
+      remainder: mathBinary((a, b) => b === 0 ? null : a % b, true, (a, b) => b === 0n ? null : a % b),
+      exponentiation: mathBinary((a, b) => a ** b, false, bigIntPow),
+      max: mathFold(null, (a, b) => Math.max(a, b), (a, b) => a >= b ? a : b),
+      min: mathFold(null, (a, b) => Math.min(a, b), (a, b) => a <= b ? a : b),
+    })) registry.add(`n3_math_${name}`, 2, fn, deterministic);
+
+    for (const [name, fn] of Object.entries({
+      absoluteValue: mathUnary(Math.abs),
+      negation: mathUnary((x) => -x),
+      rounded: mathUnary((x) => Math.round(x), true),
+      sin: mathUnary(Math.sin), cos: mathUnary(Math.cos), tan: mathUnary(Math.tan),
+      asin: mathUnary(Math.asin), acos: mathUnary(Math.acos), atan: mathUnary(Math.atan),
+      sinh: mathUnary(Math.sinh), cosh: mathUnary(Math.cosh), tanh: mathUnary(Math.tanh),
+      degrees: mathUnary((x) => x * 180 / Math.PI),
+      radians: mathUnary((x) => x * Math.PI / 180),
+    })) registry.add(`n3_math_${name}`, 2, fn, deterministic);
+
+    for (const [name, op] of Object.entries({
+      contains: 'contains', containsIgnoringCase: 'contains-i', endsWith: 'ends', equalIgnoringCase: 'eq-i',
+      greaterThan: 'gt', lessThan: 'lt', matches: 'matches', notEqualIgnoringCase: 'ne-i',
+      notGreaterThan: 'le', notLessThan: 'ge', notMatches: 'not-matches', startsWith: 'starts',
+    })) registry.add(`n3_string_${name}`, 2, stringTest(op), deterministic);
+
+    for (const [name, fn] of Object.entries({
+      concatenation: stringConcatenation,
+      format: stringFormat,
+      length: stringLength,
+      charAt: stringCharAt,
+      replace: stringReplace,
+      scrape: stringScrape,
+      setCharAt: stringSetCharAt,
+    })) registry.add(`n3_string_${name}`, 2, fn, deterministic);
+
+    for (const [name, fn] of Object.entries({
+      append: listAppend,
+      first: listFirst,
+      rest: listRest,
+      in: listIn,
+      length: listLength,
+      notMember: listNotMember,
+      remove: listRemove,
+      reverse: listReverse,
+      sort: listSort,
+    })) registry.add(`n3_list_${name}`, 2, fn, deterministic);
+    registry.add('n3_list_member', 2, listMember);
+
+    for (const name of ['sha', 'md5', 'sha256', 'sha512']) registry.add(`n3_crypto_${name}`, 2, cryptoHash(name), deterministic);
+
+    for (const name of ['day', 'hour', 'minute', 'month', 'second', 'year']) registry.add(`n3_time_${name}`, 2, timeComponent(name), deterministic);
+    registry.add('n3_time_localTime', 2, localTime, deterministic);
+
+    registry.add('n3_log_equalTo', 2, termCompare(true), deterministic);
+    registry.add('n3_log_notEqualTo', 2, termCompare(false), deterministic);
+    registry.add('n3_log_uri', 2, logUri, deterministic);
+    registry.add('n3_log_dtlit', 2, logDtLit, deterministic);
+    registry.add('n3_log_rawType', 2, logRawType, deterministic);
+  }
+};
+
+function* bindOrCheck(output, term, env) {
+  const next = env.clone();
+  if (unify(output, term, next)) yield next;
+}
+
+function* ok(env) { yield env; }
+
+function rdfLiteralInfo(term, env) {
+  const t = deref(term, env);
+  if (t?.type === 'compound' && t.name === 'literal' && t.arity === 4) {
+    return { lex: t.args[0].name, datatype: iriValue(t.args[1]), lang: t.args[2].name, direction: t.args[3].name, term: t };
+  }
+  if (t?.type === 'number') return { lex: t.name, datatype: numericDatatype(t.name), lang: '', direction: '', term: t };
+  if (t?.type === 'string') return { lex: t.name, datatype: XSD_STRING, lang: '', direction: '', term: t };
+  return null;
+}
+
+function iriValue(term) {
+  if (term?.type === 'compound' && term.name === 'iri' && term.arity === 1) return term.args[0].name;
+  return null;
+}
+
+function numericDatatype(text) {
+  return /[eE]/.test(text) ? XSD_DOUBLE : String(text).includes('.') ? XSD_DECIMAL : XSD_INTEGER;
+}
+
+function numericInfo(term, env) {
+  const info = rdfLiteralInfo(term, env);
+  if (!info || !isNumericLex(info.lex)) return null;
+  return info;
+}
+
+function parseNumber(term, env) {
+  const info = numericInfo(term, env);
+  if (!info) return null;
+  return parseFiniteNumber(info.lex);
+}
+
+function isIntegerLex(term, env) {
+  const info = numericInfo(term, env);
+  return !!info && isDecimalInteger(info.lex) && (info.datatype === XSD_INTEGER || info.datatype?.startsWith(XSD_NS));
+}
+
+function isNumericLex(text) {
+  return /^[+-]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)?$/.test(String(text ?? ''));
+}
+
+function numberLiteral(value, forceInteger = false) {
+  if (typeof value === 'bigint') return rdfLiteral(value.toString(), XSD_INTEGER, '', '');
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    if (isDecimalInteger(value)) return rdfLiteral(value, XSD_INTEGER, '', '');
+    return rdfLiteral(value, XSD_DECIMAL, '', '');
+  }
+  if (forceInteger || Number.isInteger(value)) return rdfLiteral(String(Math.trunc(value)), XSD_INTEGER, '', '');
+  return rdfLiteral(String(value), XSD_DECIMAL, '', '');
+}
+
+function jsString(term, env) {
+  const t = deref(term, env);
+  const lit = rdfLiteralInfo(t, env);
+  if (lit) return lit.lex;
+  const iri = iriValue(t);
+  if (iri != null) return iri;
+  if (t?.type === 'atom' || t?.type === 'string' || t?.type === 'number') return t.name;
+  return null;
+}
+
+function rdfListItems(term, env) {
+  return properListItems(deref(term, env), env);
+}
+
+function mathCompare(op) {
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    const a = numericInfo(goal.args[0], env);
+    const b = numericInfo(goal.args[1], env);
+    if (!a || !b) return;
+    const cmp = compareLexicalOrNumeric(a.lex, b.lex);
+    const pass = op === 'gt' ? cmp > 0 : op === 'lt' ? cmp < 0 : op === 'ge' ? cmp >= 0 : op === 'le' ? cmp <= 0 : op === 'eq' ? cmp === 0 : cmp !== 0;
+    if (pass) yield env;
+  };
+}
+
+function mathFold(identity, fn, bigFn = null) {
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+    if (!items) return;
+    if (bigFn && items.every((item) => isIntegerLex(item, env))) {
+      let acc = identity === null ? null : BigInt(identity);
+      for (const item of items) {
+        const n = BigInt(numericInfo(item, env).lex);
+        acc = acc === null ? n : bigFn(acc, n);
+      }
+      if (acc === null) return;
+      yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(acc, true), env);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let acc = identity === null ? null : identity;
+    let allInts = true;
+    for (const item of items) {
+      const n = parseNumber(item, env);
+      if (n == null) return;
+      if (!isIntegerLex(item, env)) allInts = false;
+      acc = acc === null ? n : fn(acc, n);
+    }
+    if (acc === null) return;
+    yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(acc, allInts && Number.isInteger(acc)), env);
+  };
+}
+
+function mathBinary(fn, forceInteger = false, bigFn = null) {
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+    if (!items || items.length !== 2) return;
+    if (bigFn && isIntegerLex(items[0], env) && isIntegerLex(items[1], env)) {
+      const out = bigFn(BigInt(numericInfo(items[0], env).lex), BigInt(numericInfo(items[1], env).lex));
+      if (out == null) return;
+      yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(out, true), env);
+      return;
+    }
+    const a = parseNumber(items[0], env), b = parseNumber(items[1], env);
+    if (a == null || b == null) return;
+    const out = fn(a, b);
+    if (out == null || !Number.isFinite(out)) return;
+    yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(out, forceInteger || (isIntegerLex(items[0], env) && isIntegerLex(items[1], env) && Number.isInteger(out))), env);
+  };
+}
+
+function bigIntPow(a, b) {
+  if (b < 0n) return null;
+  if (b > 1000000n) return null;
+  return a ** b;
+}
+
+function mathUnary(fn, forceInteger = false) {
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    if ((fn === Math.abs || forceInteger) && isIntegerLex(goal.args[0], env)) {
+      const x = BigInt(numericInfo(goal.args[0], env).lex);
+      const out = fn === Math.abs ? (x < 0n ? -x : x) : x;
+      yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(out, true), env);
+      return;
+    }
+    const x = parseNumber(goal.args[0], env);
+    if (x == null) return;
+    const out = fn(x);
+    if (out == null || !Number.isFinite(out)) return;
+    yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(out, forceInteger || Number.isInteger(out)), env);
+  };
+}
+
+function stringTest(op) {
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    const a = jsString(goal.args[0], env), b = jsString(goal.args[1], env);
+    if (a == null || b == null) return;
+    let pass = false;
+    if (op === 'contains') pass = a.includes(b);
+    else if (op === 'contains-i') pass = a.toLowerCase().includes(b.toLowerCase());
+    else if (op === 'ends') pass = a.endsWith(b);
+    else if (op === 'starts') pass = a.startsWith(b);
+    else if (op === 'eq-i') pass = a.toLowerCase() === b.toLowerCase();
+    else if (op === 'ne-i') pass = a.toLowerCase() !== b.toLowerCase();
+    else if (op === 'matches' || op === 'not-matches') {
+      let re;
+      try { re = new RegExp(b); } catch { return; }
+      pass = re.test(a);
+      if (op === 'not-matches') pass = !pass;
+    } else {
+      const cmp = a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
+      pass = op === 'gt' ? cmp > 0 : op === 'lt' ? cmp < 0 : op === 'ge' ? cmp >= 0 : cmp <= 0;
+    }
+    if (pass) yield env;
+  };
+}
+
+function* stringConcatenation({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!items) return;
+  const parts = [];
+  for (const item of items) {
+    const s = jsString(item, env);
+    if (s == null) return;
+    parts.push(s);
+  }
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(parts.join(''), XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* stringFormat({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!items || items.length < 1) return;
+  const fmt = jsString(items[0], env);
+  if (fmt == null) return;
+  let i = 1;
+  const out = fmt.replace(/%%|%[sdif]/g, (m) => {
+    if (m === '%%') return '%';
+    const s = i < items.length ? jsString(items[i++], env) : '';
+    return s ?? '';
+  });
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(out, XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* stringLength({ goal, env }) {
+  const s = jsString(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (s == null) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(s.length, true), env);
+}
+
+function* stringCharAt({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!items || items.length !== 2) return;
+  const s = jsString(items[0], env), idx = parseNumber(items[1], env);
+  if (s == null || idx == null) return;
+  const i = Math.trunc(idx);
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(i >= 0 && i < s.length ? s.charAt(i) : '', XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* stringSetCharAt({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!items || items.length !== 3) return;
+  const s = jsString(items[0], env), idx = parseNumber(items[1], env), ch = jsString(items[2], env);
+  if (s == null || idx == null || ch == null) return;
+  const i = Math.trunc(idx);
+  const out = i >= 0 && i < s.length ? s.slice(0, i) + (ch[0] ?? '') + s.slice(i + 1) : s;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(out, XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* stringReplace({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!items || items.length !== 3) return;
+  const s = jsString(items[0], env), pattern = jsString(items[1], env), repl = jsString(items[2], env);
+  if (s == null || pattern == null || repl == null) return;
+  let re;
+  try { re = new RegExp(pattern, 'g'); } catch { return; }
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(s.replace(re, repl), XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* stringScrape({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!items || items.length !== 2) return;
+  const s = jsString(items[0], env), pattern = jsString(items[1], env);
+  if (s == null || pattern == null) return;
+  let re;
+  try { re = new RegExp(pattern); } catch { return; }
+  const m = re.exec(s);
+  if (!m || m.length < 2) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(m[1], XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* listAppend({ goal, env }) {
+  const lists = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!lists) return;
+  const out = [];
+  for (const l of lists) {
+    const xs = rdfListItems(l, env);
+    if (!xs) return;
+    out.push(...xs);
+  }
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], listFromItems(out), env);
+}
+
+function* listFirst({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!xs || xs.length === 0) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], xs[0], env);
+}
+
+function* listRest({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!xs || xs.length === 0) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], listFromItems(xs.slice(1)), env);
+}
+
+function* listLength({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!xs) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(xs.length, true), env);
+}
+
+function* listMember({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!xs) return;
+  for (const item of xs) yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], item, env);
+}
+
+function* listIn({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[1], env);
+  if (!xs) return;
+  for (const item of xs) yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[0], item, env);
+}
+
+function* listNotMember({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!xs) return;
+  for (const item of xs) {
+    const probe = env.clone();
+    if (unify(goal.args[1], item, probe)) return;
+  }
+  yield env;
+}
+
+function* listRemove({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!items || items.length !== 2) return;
+  const xs = rdfListItems(items[0], env);
+  if (!xs) return;
+  const out = xs.filter((x) => {
+    const probe = env.clone();
+    return !unify(x, items[1], probe);
+  });
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], listFromItems(out), env);
+}
+
+function* listReverse({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!xs) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], listFromItems([...xs].reverse()), env);
+}
+
+function* listSort({ goal, env }) {
+  const xs = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!xs) return;
+  const sorted = [...xs].sort((a, b) => compareLexicalOrNumeric(sortKey(a, env), sortKey(b, env)));
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], listFromItems(sorted), env);
+}
+
+function sortKey(term, env) {
+  const s = jsString(term, env);
+  if (s != null) return s;
+  return termToString(deref(term, env), env, true);
+}
+
+function cryptoHash(name) {
+  const algo = name === 'sha' ? 'sha1' : name;
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    const s = jsString(goal.args[0], env);
+    if (s == null) return;
+    const out = hashHex(algo, s);
+    yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(out, XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+  };
+}
+
+function timeParts(term, env) {
+  const info = rdfLiteralInfo(term, env);
+  if (!info || (info.datatype !== XSD_DATE_TIME && info.datatype !== XSD_DATE_ONLY)) return null;
+  const m = /^(-?\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})(?:T(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})(?:\.\d+)?(?:Z|[+-]\d{2}:\d{2})?)?$/.exec(info.lex);
+  if (!m) return null;
+  return { year: Number(m[1]), month: Number(m[2]), day: Number(m[3]), hour: Number(m[4] ?? 0), minute: Number(m[5] ?? 0), second: Number(m[6] ?? 0) };
+}
+
+function timeComponent(name) {
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    const parts = timeParts(goal.args[0], env);
+    if (!parts) return;
+    yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], numberLiteral(parts[name], true), env);
+  };
+}
+
+function* localTime({ goal, env }) {
+  const fixed = typeof process !== 'undefined' ? process.env?.EYELANG_LOCAL_TIME : null;
+  const now = fixed || new Date().toISOString().replace(/\.\d{3}Z$/, 'Z');
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(now, XSD_DATE_TIME, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function termCompare(equal) {
+  return function* ({ goal, env }) {
+    const probe = env.clone();
+    const same = unify(goal.args[0], goal.args[1], probe);
+    if (same === equal) yield env;
+  };
+}
+
+function* logUri({ goal, env }) {
+  const iri = iriValue(deref(goal.args[0], env));
+  if (iri == null) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(iri, XSD_STRING, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* logDtLit({ goal, env }) {
+  const parts = rdfListItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (!parts || parts.length !== 2) return;
+  const lex = jsString(parts[0], env);
+  const datatype = iriValue(deref(parts[1], env));
+  if (lex == null || datatype == null) return;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfLiteral(lex, datatype, '', ''), env);
+}
+
+function* logRawType({ goal, env }) {
+  const s = deref(goal.args[0], env);
+  let iri;
+  if (properListItems(s, env)) iri = RDF_LIST;
+  else if (s?.type === 'compound' && s.name === 'literal') iri = `${LOG_NS}Literal`;
+  else iri = `${LOG_NS}Other`;
+  yield* bindOrCheck(goal.args[1], rdfIri(iri), env);
+}

package/lib/eyelang/builtins/number-theory.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Integer number-theory helpers for examples that would otherwise encode
+// arithmetic algorithms with many small recursive rule calls.
+// The predicates are intentionally general: extended GCD, Collatz trajectories,
+// Kaprekar iteration counts, and Goldbach pair generation.
+import { deref, listFromItems, numberTerm, unify } from '../term.mjs';
+
+export const numberTheoryBuiltins = {
+  register(registry) {
+    registry.add('extended_gcd', 5, extendedGcd, { deterministic: true, fallbackWhenNotReady: true, ready: firstTwoIntsReady });
+    registry.add('collatz_trajectory', 2, collatzTrajectory, { deterministic: true, fallbackWhenNotReady: true, ready: firstIntReady });
+    registry.add('kaprekar_steps', 2, kaprekarSteps, { deterministic: true, fallbackWhenNotReady: true, ready: firstIntReady });
+    registry.add('goldbach_pair', 3, goldbachPair, { fallbackWhenNotReady: true, ready: firstIntReady });
+  }
+};
+
+function firstIntReady(goal, env) { return intValue(goal.args[0], env) !== null; }
+function firstTwoIntsReady(goal, env) { return intValue(goal.args[0], env) !== null && intValue(goal.args[1], env) !== null; }
+
+function* extendedGcd({ goal, env }) {
+  const a = intValue(goal.args[0], env);
+  const b = intValue(goal.args[1], env);
+  if (a === null || b === null) return;
+  const { gcd, s, t } = egcdSigned(a, b);
+  const next = env.clone();
+  if (unify(goal.args[2], numberTerm(gcd.toString()), next) &&
+      unify(goal.args[3], numberTerm(s.toString()), next) &&
+      unify(goal.args[4], numberTerm(t.toString()), next)) yield next;
+}
+
+function egcdSigned(a, b) {
+  const signA = a < 0n ? -1n : 1n;
+  const signB = b < 0n ? -1n : 1n;
+  let oldR = absBigInt(a), r = absBigInt(b);
+  let oldS = 1n, s = 0n;
+  let oldT = 0n, t = 1n;
+  while (r !== 0n) {
+    const q = oldR / r;
+    [oldR, r] = [r, oldR - q * r];
+    [oldS, s] = [s, oldS - q * s];
+    [oldT, t] = [t, oldT - q * t];
+  }
+  return { gcd: oldR, s: oldS * signA, t: oldT * signB };
+}
+
+function absBigInt(n) { return n < 0n ? -n : n; }
+
+function* collatzTrajectory({ goal, env }) {
+  const n = intValue(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (n === null || n < 1n) return;
+  const seen = [];
+  let current = n;
+  while (current >= 1n) {
+    seen.push(numberTerm(current.toString()));
+    if (current === 1n) break;
+    current = current % 2n === 0n ? current / 2n : current * 3n + 1n;
+    if (seen.length > 100000) return;
+  }
+  const next = env.clone();
+  if (unify(goal.args[1], listFromItems(seen), next)) yield next;
+}
+
+function* kaprekarSteps({ goal, env }) {
+  const n = intValue(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (n === null || n < 0n || n > 9999n) return;
+  const count = kaprekarCount(Number(n));
+  if (count === null) return;
+  const next = env.clone();
+  if (unify(goal.args[1], numberTerm(String(count)), next)) yield next;
+}
+
+function kaprekarCount(start) {
+  if (start === 6174) return 0;
+  let current = start;
+  for (let count = 1; count <= 100; count++) {
+    const digits = String(current).padStart(4, '0').slice(-4).split('').map(Number).sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    const low = digitsToNumber(digits);
+    const high = digitsToNumber([...digits].reverse());
+    current = high - low;
+    if (current === 6174) return count;
+    if (current <= 0) return null;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function digitsToNumber(digits) {
+  return (((digits[0] * 10 + digits[1]) * 10 + digits[2]) * 10 + digits[3]);
+}
+
+function* goldbachPair({ goal, env }) {
+  const n = intValue(goal.args[0], env);
+  if (n === null || n < 4n || n % 2n !== 0n || n > BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) return;
+  const limit = Number(n / 2n);
+  const total = Number(n);
+  for (let p = 2; p <= limit; p = p === 2 ? 3 : p + 2) {
+    const q = total - p;
+    if (!isPrimeNumber(p) || !isPrimeNumber(q)) continue;
+    const next = env.clone();
+    if (unify(goal.args[1], numberTerm(String(p)), next) && unify(goal.args[2], numberTerm(String(q)), next)) yield next;
+  }
+}
+
+function isPrimeNumber(n) {
+  if (n < 2) return false;
+  if (n === 2) return true;
+  if (n % 2 === 0) return false;
+  for (let d = 3; d <= Math.floor(Math.sqrt(n)); d += 2) if (n % d === 0) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+function intValue(term, env) {
+  const value = deref(term, env);
+  if (value.type !== 'number' || !/^-?\d+$/.test(value.name)) return null;
+  return BigInt(value.name);
+}

package/lib/eyelang/builtins/portfolio.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Reusable bounded-subset optimizer for finite knapsack-style examples.
+// Items are p(Name, Value, Cost, Risk) terms; the builtin enumerates every
+// subset whose total cost/risk stays within the supplied caps.
+import { deref, listFromItems, numberTerm, properListItems, unify } from '../term.mjs';
+
+export const portfolioBuiltins = {
+  register(registry) {
+    registry.add('bounded_subset', 7, boundedSubset, {
+      fallbackWhenNotReady: true,
+      ready: boundedSubsetReady,
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+function boundedSubsetReady(goal, env) {
+  return parseItems(goal.args[0], env) !== null && intArg(goal.args[1], env) !== null && intArg(goal.args[2], env) !== null;
+}
+
+function* boundedSubset({ goal, env }) {
+  const items = parseItems(goal.args[0], env);
+  const budget = intArg(goal.args[1], env);
+  const riskCap = intArg(goal.args[2], env);
+  if (!items || budget == null || riskCap == null) return;
+  for (const answer of enumerate(items, 0, budget, riskCap)) {
+    const next = env.clone();
+    if (unify(goal.args[3], listFromItems(answer.names), next) &&
+        unify(goal.args[4], numberTerm(answer.value), next) &&
+        unify(goal.args[5], numberTerm(answer.cost), next) &&
+        unify(goal.args[6], numberTerm(answer.risk), next)) {
+      yield next;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function* enumerate(items, index, budget, riskLeft) {
+  if (index >= items.length) {
+    yield { names: [], value: 0, cost: 0, risk: 0 };
+    return;
+  }
+  const item = items[index];
+  if (item.cost <= budget && item.risk <= riskLeft) {
+    for (const rest of enumerate(items, index + 1, budget - item.cost, riskLeft - item.risk)) {
+      yield {
+        names: [item.name, ...rest.names],
+        value: item.value + rest.value,
+        cost: item.cost + rest.cost,
+        risk: item.risk + rest.risk,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+  yield* enumerate(items, index + 1, budget, riskLeft);
+}
+
+function parseItems(term, env) {
+  const list = properListItems(term, env);
+  if (!list) return null;
+  const items = [];
+  for (const itemTerm of list) {
+    const item = deref(itemTerm, env);
+    if (item.type !== 'compound' || item.name !== 'p' || item.arity !== 4) return null;
+    const value = intArg(item.args[1], env), cost = intArg(item.args[2], env), risk = intArg(item.args[3], env);
+    if (value == null || cost == null || risk == null) return null;
+    items.push({ name: item.args[0], value, cost, risk });
+  }
+  return items;
+}
+
+function intArg(term, env) {
+  const value = deref(term, env);
+  if (value.type !== 'number' || !/^-?\d+$/.test(value.name)) return null;
+  const n = Number(value.name);
+  return Number.isSafeInteger(n) ? n : null;
+}